1.

0 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT
The site of the community library design proposal is located at Medan Pasar, Kuala
Lumpur. Located at the centre of Kuala Lumpur, the site is locate at an infill between
shophouses that facing the open plaza and backdrop with a 20 stories height go office
tower. The front facade receive the western light during the afternoon and daylight is been
shaded by the neighbour building. Coordinates are 3.147472 latitude and 101.696131
longitude

8 AM

The diagram show that the site is shaded by

the shadow cast from the building behind.
Hence, the sunlight in the morning is limited

12 PM

Afternoon the site for an abundant of

sunlight due to the minimal obstruction.
However, the most sunlight that catches into
the building are the top floor only

5 PM

It shows that the site has the maximum

sunlight intake from the frontal of the
building due to the openness of the plaza

2.0 DRAWINGS

GROUND FLOOR


1ST FLOOR


2ND FLOOR


3RD FLOOR


4th FLOOR
3.0 DAYLIGHTING STRATEGIES
3.1 REUIRED FORMULA

In the early stages of building design, average daylight factor may be used to assess the
adequacy of daylight. the values of these quantities are determined from the given data
and W, T and R are corrected by using factors given in the BS Daylight Code and other
publications.

W T⌀

Average DF = — X —

A (1- R )

Where,

W is the area of the windows (m2)

A is the total area of internal surface (m2)

T is the glass transmittance corrected for dirt

𝝦 is visible sky angle in degree from the centre of the window

R is the average reflectance of area A.

3.2 SPACE A : MAIN COLLECTION

3.2.1 FLOOR PLANS

Main Collection
3.2.2 AVERAGE DAYLIGHT FACTOR

DAYLIGHT FACTOR CALCULATION

Area of Windows (W, m²) L = 13.0

H = 3.0

8.5 x 2.5 = 21.25 m²

Total area of internal surface (A, m²) Dimension of Main Collection

L = 11.53m , W = 9.634m , H = 3.75m

2(11.53 x 3.75) + 2(9.634 x 3.75) + 2(11.53 x

9.634)

= 86.475 + 72.255 + 222.16

= 380.89
Glass transmittance corrected for dirt 0.6 (for double glazed window in clean
(T) environment)
Visible sky angle in degree from centre 85 (no obstruction)
of window (𝝦)
Average reflectance of area A (R) 0.4 (not all light is reflected back into the space)
Average Daylight Factor (DF) W T⌀

Average DF = — X —

A (1- R )

21.25 0.6 ( 85 )

= — X —

380.89 ( 1 - 0.4 )

1083.75

Average DF = —

228.534

Average DF = 4.7 %

3.2.3 CONCLUSION

The main collection has a distribution of day light factor of 4.7%, while having higher

standard room illumination levels than recommended MS1525. Artificial lighting is

depended fo the shaded area.

3.2 SPACE B : WORKSHOP

3.2.1 FLOOR PLANS

WORKSHOP

3.2.2 AVERAGE DAYLIGHT FACTOR

DAYLIGHT FACTOR CALCULATION

Area of Windows (W, m²) L = 5.7 + 8.9

H = 2.5

(5.7 + 8.9 ) x 2.5 = 36.5 m²

Total area of internal surface (A, m²) Dimension of Main Collection

L = 9.078m , W = 8.394m , H = 3.75m

2(9.078 x 3.75) + 2(8.394 x 3.75) + 2(9.078 x

8.394)

= 68.085 + 31.478 + 152.401

= 251.964
Glass transmittance corrected for dirt 0.6 (for double glazed window in clean
(T) environment)
DAYLIGHT FACTOR CALCULATION
Area of Windows (W, m²) L = 5.7 + 8.9

H = 2.5

(5.7 + 8.9 ) x 2.5 = 36.5 m²

Total area of internal surface (A, m²) Dimension of Main Collection

L = 9.078m , W = 8.394m , H = 3.75m

2(9.078 x 3.75) + 2(8.394 x 3.75) + 2(9.078 x

8.394)

= 68.085 + 31.478 + 152.401

= 251.964
Glass transmittance corrected for dirt 0.6 (for double glazed window in clean
(T) environment)
Visible sky angle in degree from centre 6 (obstruction of 20 storeys building with a
of window (𝝦) distance of 7.5m)
Average reflectance of area A (R) 0.4 (not all light is reflected back into the space)
Average Daylight Factor (DF) W T⌀

Average DF = — X —

A (1- R )

36.5 0.6 ( 6 )

= — X —

251.964 ( 1 - 0.4 )

131.4

Average DF = —

151.178

Average DF = 0.87 %

3.2.3 CONCLUSION

The main collection has a distribution of day light factor of 0.87%, while having low
illumination levels than recommended by MS1525 due the cast shadow from the
neighbour building. Artificial Lighting is needed to be install in order to fulfil the Malaysia
Standard due to requirement of high illumination activities happen in this space.

4.0 ARTIFICAL LIGHTING STRATEGIES

4.1 REUIRED FORMULA
Room Index, RI, is the ratio of room plan area to half wall area between the working and
luminaire planes.

L X W

Ri = —

(L+W)(Hᵐ)

Where,

RI is the room index

L is the length of space (m)

W is the width od space (m)

Hᵐ is the mounted height of fitting above the working plane (m)

The lumen method, (also celled zonal cavity method , is a simplified method to calculate
the light level in a room. According to this method, the light fittings (luminaries) are to be
mounted overhead in a regular pattern. The luminous flux output (lumens) of each lamp
need s to be known as well as details of the laminates and the room surfaces.

E X A

N= —

F X MF X UF

Where,

N is the number of lamps required or illuminance level

E is the required lux (lx)

A is the area at working plane height (m2)

F is the initial luminous flux from each lamp (lm)

UF is the utilisation factor, an allowance for the light distribution of the luminaire and the
room surface

MF is the maintenance factor, an allowance for reduced light output because of

deterioration and dirt.

4.2 SPACE A : MAIN COLLECTION

4.2.1 LIGHTING FIXTURE PROPETIES

Type of Lighting Suspended Luminary

Type of Lightbulb Continuous LED Light Line

Product Brand IDOO.line - ILP 4000/840/D - 32w / 3900 Im

Lighting Distribution Direct distribution

Material Fixture Aluminium

Nominal Life (hour) 15,000

Wattage Range (W) 32

Luminous Flux (lm) 3900

Colour Temperature (K) 4000

Colour Designation Neutral white

4.2.2 ROOM INDEX CALCULATION

Dimension of Main Collection (m2) L = 11.53m W = 9.634m

Total Floor Area (m2)

Height of ceiling (m) 3.75

Type of Lighting Fixture LED Suspend Luminary

Luminous Flux of Lifting (F/m) 3900

Height of Luminaries (m) 2.94

Height of Working Plane (m) 0

Mounting Height (H/Hm) 3.75 - 0.81= 2.94

IES Standard Standard Illumination Level for Main 150 lux

Collection (E)

Room Index, RI (K) L x W

RI = —

 RI = —

(L+W)(Hᵐ)

11.53 x 9.634

= —

(11.53 + 9.634)(2.94)

111.08

= —

62.22

= 1.785

4.2.3 LUMEN METHOD CALCULATION

Lux required, IES Standard Illumination (E) 150

Area at working plane height (A,m²) Dimension of Main Collection

L = 11.53m W = 9.634m

11.53 X 9.634 = 111.08

Luminous Flux (F) 3900

Utilisation factor (UF) 0.6 (based on UF table)

Maintenance factor (MF) 0.8 (standard)

Lumen Calculation (N, Number of lights) E x A

N= —

F x MF X UF

150 x 111.08

N= —

3900 x 0.6 X 0.8

N = 8.9

= 9 lights

Fitting Layout (where Sᵐªˣ is maximum spacing, m) Sᵐªˣ = 1.5 x Hᵐ

Sᵐªˣ = 1.5 X 2.94

Sᵐªˣ = 4.41

Distance between lights is not greater than 4.41m

4.2.4. REFLECTED CEILING PLAN AND ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING CONTOUR ANALYSIS

 SWITCH 1 SWITCH 2 SWITCH 3

The distance of each fixture is installed are 2 -2.5m part from each other. 9 light fittings
arranged in a grid configuration that controlled by 2, 2 gang switched to illuminate the
main collection space to achieve 150 lux of standard illumination according to MS1525
for library space.

4.2.4. PSALI INTEGRATION

Based on the lumen method calculation, light fixtures of Row 2 are turned on during the
daytime (0900-1500) via switch 2, when natural sunlight penetrated from the front facade
into the space.

In the evening (1500-1900), the whole light is illuminate the whole space due to lack
sufficient lights.

4.3 SPACE B : WORKSHOP

4.3.1 LIGHTING FIXTURE PROPETIES

Type of Lighting Suspended Hanging

Type of Lightbulb LED Pedant light

Product Brand IKEA FOTO Ceiling Light

Lighting Distribution Direct distribution

Material Fixture Aluminium casing

Nominal Life (hour) 15,000

Wattage Range (W) 60

Luminous Flux (lm) 2000

Colour Temperature (K) 3000

Colour Designation Warm white

4.3.2 ROOM INDEX CALCULATION

Dimension of workshop (m2) L = 9.078m W = 8.349m

Total Floor Area (m2) 75.79

Height of ceiling (m) 3.75

Type of Lighting Fixture LED Pendant Light

Luminous Flux of Lifting (F/m) 2000lm

Height of Luminaries (m) 3.3

Height of Working Plane (m) 0.8

Mounting Height (H/Hm) 3.75 - 0.8 - 0.45 = 2.5

IES Standard Standard Illumination Level for Main 300 lux

Collection (E)

Room Index, RI (K) L x W

RI = —

(L+W)(Hᵐ)

9.078 x 8.349

= —

(9.078 + 8.349)(2.5)

75.792

= —

43.568

= 1.74

4.3.3 LUMEN METHOD CALCULATION

Lux required, IES Standard Illumination (E) 300

Area at working plane height (A,m²) Dimension of Workshop

L = 9.078m W = 8.349m

9.078 X 8.349 = 81.653

Luminous Flux (F) 200

Utilisation factor (UF) 0.6 (based on UF table)

Maintenance factor (MF) 0.8 (standard)

Lumen Calculation (N, Number of lights) E x A

N= —

F x MF X UF

300 x 81.653

N= —

2000 x 0.6 X 0.8

N = 25.51

= 26 lights

Fitting Layout (where Sᵐªˣ is maximum spacing, m) Sᵐªˣ = 1.0 x Hᵐ

Sᵐªˣ = 1.0 X 2.5

Sᵐªˣ = 2.5m

Distance between lights is not greater than 3.75m

4.3.5. REFLECTED CEILING PLAN AND ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING CONTOUR ANALYSIS

SWITCH 1 SW
ITCH 2 SWITC
H3

Each fixture is installed 2- 2.5m apart form each other. 26 light fittings controlled by 3, 2-
gang switches to illuminate the workshop space to achieve 300 lux of standard
illumination according to MS 1525 for workshop. This space require to generally
illuminate well due the back facade is only relied on the reflected sunlight from the
neighbour building.

4.3.5. PSALI Integration

Based on lumen calculation, light fixture of row 1,2 and row 4,5 are turned on in the
morning (0900-1500), when natural sunlight is low in the space. In evening (1500-1900)

whole illuminated to allow sufficient illumination in the space for workshop activities.

5.0 REFERENCES

[10:57, 12/12/2017] John Lee: Daylighting Performance and Design, 2nd Edition

http://as.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0471262994.html

http://www.lightingassociates.org/i/u/2127806/f/tech_sheets/natural_lighting.pdf

Artificial Lighting

Jens Pohl - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781444392333.ch8/summary

https://www.waldmann.com/home/office/products/suspended_luminaires/
idooline_single_luminiare~ff8081815105673301511aa1dea52c3d.en.html

https://www.waldmann.com/home/office/products/suspended_luminaires/
idooline_single_luminiare~ff8081815105673301511aa1dea52c3d.en.html