Semir Maslo1
Contribution to the flora of Bosnia & Herzegovina
(New neophytes in the flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Scientific article
UDK: 581.9(497.6)
During field investigations from spring 1998 to the end
of 2014 mostly in the southern parts of Bosnia and Her-
zegovina, eighteen new neophytes for the flora of Bosnia
and Herzegovina were found: Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam.,
Bromus catharticus Vahl., Buddleja davidii Franch., Ca-
talpa bignonioides Walter., Cleome spinosa Jacq., Com-
melina communis L., Digitalis purpurea L., Duchesnea
indica (Andrews) Focke., Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.,
Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier., Impa-
tiens balsamina L., Mirabilis jalapa L., Oenothera eryth-
rosepala Borbás., Opuntia vulgaris Mill., Oxalis articula-
ta Savigny., Paspalum dilatatum Poiret in Lam., Pueraria
lobata (Willdenow) Ohwi. and Senecio inaequidens DC.
The paper presents a short morphological description
of the species based on the collected specimens and diverse
literature sources, as well as the distribution of the taxon.
Key words: flora, new neophytes, Bosnia and Her-
zegovina.
Introduction
The alien flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina is rath-
er poorly documented. There are no complete lists
published or analysis of the alien flora in Bosnia
and Herzegovina as a whole, mainly because the
alien flora has never been treated as a separate sub-
ject of investigation. Information on the alien spe-
1
Primary School, Lundåkerskola, Södra Storgatan 45,
332 33 Gislaved Sweden semmas@edu.gislaved.se
43
cies present in Bosnia and Herzegovina is there-
fore incomplete and no overview of the alien flora
of Bosnia and Herzegovina has been published.
Based on available records, it is estimated that in
the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina there are
more than 500 alien species, of which many have
become acclimatized to natural habitats. Signifi-
cant numbers of them live only in crops (Redžić
et al., 2008).
Since the 1950s a few works listing finds of al-
ien flora from various areas in Bosnia and Herze-
govina have been published (Maly, 1948; Korica,
1952; Bjelčić, 1954; Slavnić, 1960, 1964; Slavnić
& Lozušić, 1964/65; Šilić, 1973; Stefanović, 1978;
Obradović, 1982; Bjelčić & Stefanović, 1986;
Abadžić, 1986/87; Mišić, 1998; Šilić & Abadžić,
2000; Šoljan & Muratović, 2000, 2002, 2004;
Šoljan, Abadžić & Muratović, 2003; Topalić-
Trivunović, 2004, 2008; Tomović-Hadžiavdić &
Šoljan, 2006; Vojniković, 2009; Lasić et al., 2010;
Maslo, 2010, 2012, 2014a, 2014b, 2015; Jasprica
et al., 2011; Petrović, 2011; Šoljan, 2011).
This paper represents the continuation of flo-
ristic studies of the alien flora of Bosnia and Her-
zegovina. Eighteen new neophytes for the flora of
Bosnia and Herzegovina were collected at differ-
ent localities mostly in the southern part of Bosnia
and Herzegovina and are presented in this paper.
Material and methods
The study was based on fieldwork mostly in the
southern parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, be-
tween 1998 and 2014. Besides the field survey,
 SEMIR MASLO: CONTRIBUTION TO THE FLORA OF BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA (NEW NEOPHYTES...), GZM (PN) NS 36
the checking and revision of herbarium material
and relevant literature sources were used for to
supplement the distribution records. The distribu-
tion of the species in Bosnia and Herzegovina was
mapped on a 10 x 10 sq. km grid using the UTM
grid system. Digital photographs were taken in
the field. Collected plant material was deposited in
the Herbarium of the National Museum of Bosnia
and Herzegovina (SARA).
The taxonomy and nomenclature of species
have been adjusted according to Nikolić (2015).
Data about the geographic origin of alien taxa
were taken mostly from the available literature
(see References).
The terminology presented below has been
adapted from Richardson et al. (2000), Pyšek et
al. (2004), Boršić et al. (2008) and Mitić et al.
(2008). All taxa are classified into three categories
depending on the degree of their naturalization:
casual taxa (CAS.), naturalized non-invasive taxa
(NAT.) and naturalized invasive taxa (INV.).
- CASUAL (TRANSIENT, EPHEMERAL)
PLANTS. Alien plants that may flourish and even
reproduce occasionally in an area, but which do
not form self-replacing populations, and which
rely on repeated introductions for their persistence.
- NATURALIZED PLANTS. Alien plants that
reproduce consistently and sustain populations
over many life cycles without direct intervention
by humans; they often produce offspring freely,
usually close to adult plants, and do not neces-
sarily invade natural, seminatural or human-made
Table 1. New neophytes for the flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Taxon Family
1. Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. Apiaceae
2. Bromus catharticus Vahl. Poaceae
3. Buddleja davidii Franch Buddlejaceae
44
ecosystems.
- INVASIVE PLANTS (PLANT INVADERS).
Naturalized plants that produce reproductive off-
spring, often in very large numbers, at consider-
able distances from parent plants, and thus have
the potential to spread over a large area.
Modes in which species were introduced into
the area of Bosnia and Herzegovina are arranged
according to Pyšek et al. (2012) and marked by
the following abbreviations: del – deliberate (by
planting) and acc – accidental.
Results and discussion
During field investigations conducted over a
period of several years, eighteen new neophytes
for the flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina were
registered (Tab. 1). Analysis of the geographical
origin showed that most taxa originated from the
Americas (8 taxa; 44.44%). Plants that originate
from Asia are also significantly represented (6
taxa; 33.33%). In terms of degree of naturaliza-
tion, the most prominent are casual plants with
9 taxa (50.00%), followed by naturalized plants
with 6 taxa (33.33%). There were 3 taxa (16.67%)
of invasive plants, see Tab. 1. According to their
modes of introduction, in the area of Bosnia and
Herzegovina (Tab. 1.) deliberately introduced
plants predominate (12 of the taxa; 66.67%)
over accidentally introduced taxa (6 of the taxa;
33.33%).
Invasion status
of introduction
Mode
Origin Locality
ŽITOMISLIĆI
NAT acc Af-E
KARAOTOK
GNJILIŠTA
NAT acc Am-S
KARAOTOK
MOSTAR
NAT del As-E
VAREŠ
 SEMIR MASLO: CONTRIBUTION TO THE FLORA OF BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA (NEW NEOPHYTES...), GZM (PN) NS 36

4. Catalpa bignonioides Walter Bignoniaceae CAS del Am-N ŽITOMISLIĆI

5. Cleome spinosa Jacq. Caparaceae CAS del Am-T ZAVIDOVIĆI

6. Commelina communis L. Commelinaceae NAT del As-E MOSTAR

7. Digitalis purpurea L. Scrophulariaceae CAS del Eu-W ZENICA

8. Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Focke Rosaceae INV acc As-E MOSTAR

MOSTAR
9. Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass. Asteraceae CAS del Af-E

10. Heracleum mantegazzianum

Apiaceae NAT acc Eu-E HADŽIĆI
Sommier & Levier

MOSTAR
11. Impatiens balsamina L. Balsaminaceae CAS del As-E
ŽITOMISLIĆI

MOSTAR
12. Mirabilis jalapa L. Nyctaginaceae CAS del Am-T
BLAGAJ

MOSTAR, OLOVO
13. Oenothera erythrosepala Borbás Onagraceae CAS del Am-N
ZAVIDOVIĆI

MOSTAR
14. Opuntia vulgaris Mill. Cactaceae INV del Am-N
POČITELJ

MOSTAR,
15. Oxalis articulata Savigny Oxalidaceae CAS del Am-S BLAGAJ
KARAOTOK

MOSTAR
16. Paspalum dilatatum Poiret in Lam. Poaceae NAT acc Am-S
MOGORJELO

MOSTAR,
17. Pueraria thunbergiana Benth. Fabaceae INV del As-E POČITELJ
ŽITOMISLIĆI

MOSTAR
18. Senecio inaequidens DC. Asteraceae CAS acc Af-S

Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam., Flore Françoise 3:
462. 1778. (syn. Daucus visnaga L., Species Plan-
tarum 1: 242. 1753.,  Visnaga daucoides Gaertn.,
Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 92. 1788.)
Apiaceae (Fig 1, 2)
The genus Ammi L. contains about 25 spe-
cies. This genus of European origin is distributed
mostly in the Mediterranean region. In the flora of
Europe, Ammi is represented by six species (Tu-
tin, 1968). In the flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina
the genus was previously represented by one spe-
cies – Ammi majus L. (Beck, 1903-1927). Ammi
visnaga is a robust annual or biennial plant grow-
ing from a taproot erect to a maximum height of
about 100 cm. It is like Ammi majus L. but the rays
thicken and become erect after flowering, while
the bracts are deflexed. A. visnaga is a native plant
of North Africa, West Asia, and a great part of

45
 SEMIR MASLO: CONTRIBUTION TO THE FLORA OF BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA (NEW NEOPHYTES...), GZM (PN) NS 36
the European Mediterranean but can be found on
most continents where it is an introduced species
(Tutin, 1968). Hayek (1924-1933) notes A. visna-
ga only in Albania, Greece and Macedonia. It was
recently found in Croatia, on the island of Brač
(Ruščić & Nikolić, 2011). This species was first
found in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2011, in the
village of Žitomislići near Mostar, followed three
years later in the area of Hutovo Blato, near Kara-
otok. It was found at both sites in almost the same
habitat, in waste places on the edges of the road
sheltered by Rubus ulmifolius Schott.
The potential invasive characteristics of the
species should be monitored in the coming years.
Bromus catharticus Vahl., Symbolae Bo-
tanicae, . . . 2: 22. 1791. (syn. Bromus unioloides
(Willd.) Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. 5: 439.
1825, Bromus wildenowii Kunth, Révis. Gramin.:
134. 1829, Ceratochloa cathartica (Vahl) Herter,
Revista Sudamer. Bot. 6: 144. 1940.)
Poaceae (Fig 1, 2)
The genus Bromus L. comprises approxi-
mately 150 species found mainly in the temper-
ate region of both hemispheres. Subgenus Cera-
tochloa (Beauv.) Hackel. is native to North and
South America, and contains about 25 species. It
is marked by strong lateral compressed spikelets,
with 3 – 12 florets. According to Smith (1980),
two species from the Bromus subgenus Ceratoch-
loa, occur in Europe – B. carinatus Hook & Arn.
and B. catharticus Vahl.
Bromus catharticus Vahl. is a laxly caespitose
grass, with erect or ascending stem, up to 100 –
150 cm high. The spikelets are grouped in large
panicles, with patent or nodding branches. The
spikelets are lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 25 – 35
mm, very strongly compressed, with 6 – 12 close-
ly imbricate florets (Smith, 1980). B. catharticus
is a South American short-lived perennial grass,
widely introduced as winter forage, and is found
as an escapee in most temperate regions. It is lo-
cally naturalized in several European countries
(Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hunga-
ry, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal, Spain, Ukraine and
the European part of Russia), (DAISIE, 2008). It
was recently found in Croatia in the city of Zadar
(Milović et al., 2010).
46
This species was first found in Bosnia and
Herzegovina in 2005 in the village Gnjilišta, fol-
lowed five years later in the area of Hutovo Blato
in South Herzegovina (Maslo, 2012, 2014a). In
the first community this species was found beside
the local road from Karaotok to Gnjilišta in the
middle of the village, forming several massive
colonies on both sides of the road. In the second
community this species was found on the banks
of the River Krupa near Karaotok, in this local
consisting only of single clumps. Since 2005, the
plant has managed to survive in the habitats where
it was originally observed and has spread along
nearby fields. Therefore, according to the defini-
tion of Richardson et al. (2000), this alien grass
can be considered a naturalized species in the area
of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Buddleja davidii Franch., Nouv. Arch. Mus.
Hist. Nat. Paris ser. 2, 10: 65 (1887) (syn. Buddle-
ja variabilis Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 120
(1889)).
Buddlejaceae (Fig 1, 2)
The genus Buddleja L. is a cosmopolitan ge-
nus consisting of approximately 100 species in the
tropical, subtropical and temperate zones of the
world. In the flora of Europe, Buddleja L. is repre-
sented by 4 species (Tutin, 1972). All species are
neophytes, three from China and one from Japan.
Buddleja davidii Franch. is a semi-deciduous
shrub native to China and was introduced to Eu-
rope and other continents for ornamental reasons
around 1900. It has become naturalized or inva-
sive in several regions of the world and may also
have an impact on native ecosystems. It is locally
naturalized in several European countries (Bel-
gium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France,
Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal and Spain), (DAI-
SIE, 2008). Naturalized B. davidii populations
expanded, especially in urban areas, after the de-
struction of European cities during World War II.
Bombed sites and building rubble were suitable
colonization habitats, and therefore dense B. da-
vidii thickets established on these sites (Tallent-
Halsell and Watt, 2009).
The first records of of this species in Bosnia
and Herzegovina were reported for the city of
Mostar only a few years after the war in Bosnia
 SEMIR MASLO: CONTRIBUTION TO THE FLORA OF BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA (NEW NEOPHYTES...), GZM (PN) NS 36

Figure 1. 1. Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. 2. Bromus catharticus Vahl. 3. Buddleja davidii Franch.
4. Catalpa bignonioides Walter. 5. Cleome spinosa Jacq. 6. Commelina communis L.
7. Digitalis purpurea L. 8. Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Focke. 9. Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.
(Photo: Semir Maslo except photo no. 5 by Šemso Šarić)

on similar habitats (bombed sites and building Vareš, along the edge of the forest (personal com-
rubble). In addition, several new records were re- munication, Šarić, 2014).
cently reported from East Bosnia, Duboštica, near

47
 SEMIR MASLO: CONTRIBUTION TO THE FLORA OF BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA (NEW NEOPHYTES...), GZM (PN) NS 36

Figure 2. The distribution of the species in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 1. Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam.
2. Bromus catharticus Vahl. 3. Buddleja davidii Franch. 4. Catalpa bignonioides Walter.
5. Cleome spinosa Jacq. 6. Commelina communis L.

Catalpa bignonioides Walter., Fl. Carol. 64
(1788) (syn. Bignonia catalpa L., Catalpa syringi-
folia Sims).
Bignoniaceae (Fig 1, 2)
The genus Catalpa Scop. has nine species in
two well-defined sections, Catalpa and Macroca-
talpa Griseb. (Kirkbride and Olsen, 2011). Catal-
pa sec. Catalpa contains five species of deciduous
trees with a disjunct distribution between eastern
North America and temperate East Asia. The two
North American species, C. bignonioides Walter
and C. speciosa E.Y. Teas., are frequently cultivat-
ed and widely naturalized elsewhere in temperate
regions of the world (Kirkbride and Olsen, 2011).

48
 SEMIR MASLO: CONTRIBUTION TO THE FLORA OF BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA (NEW NEOPHYTES...), GZM (PN) NS 36
Catalpa bignonioides Walter. is a very decora-
tive deciduous tree, up to 15 m high. Leaves oppo-
site, green, entire or rarely very shallowly lobed,
up to 30 cm long. Inflorescence a panicle, corolla
40-50 mm across, ground colour white, with two
yellow stripes in the inner part as well as purple
spots. It is endemic to the southeastern United
States. It is locally naturalized in several Euro-
pean countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France,
Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Spain and the
European part of Russia), (DAISIE, 2008). In the
flora of former Yugoslavia this species was known
only in Croatia (Nikolić, 2015). It was recently
found in Montenegro (Stešević & Jogan, 2007).
The first and only finding of this species for Bosnia
and Herzegovina was in 2004, on the left bank of
the River Neretva in the village of Žitomislići near
Mostar, just north of the bridge. I have found two
individuals which were ca 5 m high.
Cleome spinosa Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. Ins.
Carib. Nov. 26 (1760) (syn. Cleome hassleri-
ana Chodat.)
Capparaceae (Fig 1, 2)
The genus Cleome, with approximately 200
species, is widely distributed in tropical and sub-
tropical regions. In the flora of Europe, Cleome L.
is represented by just three native species (Chater
and Akeroyd, 1993). Cleome spinosa Jacq. is a
viscid, pubescent, strong-scented annual or bien-
nial herbaceous plant, 60-90 cm tall. Leaves large,
5-7 foliolate. Leaflets oblong-lanceolate, up to 10
cm long and about 2 cm wide, subentire to finely
or slightly serrulate. Peticle in the lower leaves
usually longer than the leaflets, with 2 small
spiny stipules at the base. Flowers large, white
or pinkish, about 2-3 cm across. It is native to the
tropical Americas and currently widely cultivated
worldwide. In the flora of Europe this species
was known only in Belgium (DAISIE, 2008) and
in the flora of former Yugoslavia only in Croatia
(Nikolić, 2015).
The first and only finding of this species for
Bosnia and Herzegovina was in East Bosnia in
the village of Ribnica near Zavidovići, along the
edge of the forest (personal communication, Šarić,
2014).
49
Commelina communis L., Sp. Pl. 40 (1753)
Commelinaceae (Fig 1, 2)
The genus Commelina L, has approximately
100 species worldwide, distributed primarily in
tropical and temperate regions. It is represented in
Europe only by two ornamental species (Comme-
lina communis L. and Commelina virginica L.), as
garden escapes (Webb, 1980). In Bosnia and Her-
zegovina, C. virginica was first observed in the
1948 near Sarajevo by Maly (Ritter-Studnička,
1958). Until now C. communis has not been known
from the area of Bosnia and Herzegovina. C. com-
munis is an annual herb with numerous branched,
creeping stems up to 1 m long. Leaves lanceolate
to ovate-lanceolate, 3-9 cm long. Cyme inflores-
cence with one flower near the top. Sepals ovate
and membranous, 2 larger petals bright blue, the
third much smaller, white. It is native to temper-
ate Asia, and naturalized in South and Central Eu-
rope (Webb, 1980). C. communis prefers moist,
shady forest edges. It is common in wet areas of
crop fields, orchards, ditches, and roadsides. In the
flora of former Yugoslavia this species was known
in Croatia (Nikolić, 2015), Montenegro (Stešević
and Petrović, 2010), Slovenia (Martinčič et al.
1999) and Serbia (Sarić and Diklić, 1986).
The first finding of this species for Bosnia and
Herzegovina was in the city of Mostar, on the left
bank of the River Neretva just north of Carinski
bridge, on periodical flood deposits with an abun-
dance of organic material (Maslo, 2014b).
Digitalis purpurea L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 867 (1763)
Scrophulariaceae (Fig 1, 4)
In the flora of Europe, Digitalis L. is repre-
sented by 12 species (Heywood, 1972). In the Flo-
ra of Bosnia and Herzegovina four species were
recorded (Beck et al., 1967). Digitalis purpurea
L. is biennial or perennial herb with erect stems
that grow 90 to 180 cm tall. The lower leaves can
grow up to 30 cm long and 5 cm wide. The leaves
become progressively smaller up the stem. D. pur-
purea grows as a rosette during the first year. In
the second year, it produces a leafy stock bearing
a tall spike of bell-shaped, nodding flowers. The
flowers are 4 to 6 cm long and usually pink with
dark spots on their lower inside surfaces. D. pur-
purea readily colonizes disturbed areas, forming
dense patches that displace native vegetation. It is
 SEMIR MASLO: CONTRIBUTION TO THE FLORA OF BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA (NEW NEOPHYTES...), GZM (PN) NS 36
toxic to humans and animals. D. purpurea is na-
tive to Western Europe, the Mediterranean region,
and northwest Africa, but can be found on most
continents where it is an introduced species (Hey-
wood, 1972). In the territory of former Yugoslavia
the species was known only in Croatia (Nikolić,
2015) and Serbia (Josifović, 1970-1977).
The first and only finding of this species for
Bosnia and Herzegovina was in Central Bosnia, in
the village of Bistričak near Nemila, Zenica, along
the edge of the forest (personal communication,
Šarić, 2014).
Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Focke., in
Engler et Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenfam. 3, 3: 33
(1888). (syn. Duchesnea fragarioides Smith, Fra-
garia indica Andrews, bazionim (baz.), Bot. Re-
pos. 7: t.479 (1807), Potentilla indica (Andrews)
Th. Wolf, in Asch. et Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl.
6(1): 661 (1903)
Rosaceae (Fig 1, 4)
The genus Duchesnea Sm. includes six East
Asian and American weedy species. In the flora
of Europe, Duchesnea is represented by only one
species (Valentine, 1968). Duchesnea indica
(Andrews) Focke. is a perennial herb with epi-
geal, rooting stolons. Stem up to 50 cm. Leaves
are trifoliate with obovate, crenate leaflets with a
cuneate base. Flowers solitary, yellow, not or only
slightly exceeding the leaves. Fruits bright red,
sour and without aroma.
D. indica is probably native to South and East
Asia. It is naturalized in a few regions of West,
Central and South Europe (Valentine, 1968). The
first record of this species for the territory of for-
mer Yugoslavia (near Varaždin in Croatia) was re-
ported by Trinajstić (1973). It is also reported in
Serbia (Jovanović, 1994) and Slovenia (Martinčič
et al., 1999). It was recently found in Montene-
gro (Tomović and Stešević, 2007). The first find-
ing for Bosnia and Herzegovina was recorded in
Mostar, in the periurban area of Bare near a for-
mer nursery, more than twenty years ago. It was
recently found even in the central part of the city
of Mostar and on the banks of the Radobolja River
in the city quarter of Podhum (Maslo, 2014b). It
thrives very well in any kind of damp, nitrophilous
and shady habitat.
50
Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat.
59: 248 (1829).
Asteraceae (Fig 1, 4)
The genus Guizotia Cass. includes only six
species, of which five are native to Ethiopia. In the
flora of Europe, Guizotia is represented by only
one species (Hansen, 1976). Guizotia abyssinica
(L.f.) Cass. is an annual with erect, divaricately
branched stems, up to 2 m tall. Leaves opposite,
simple, oblong-lanceolate, sessile, 3-10 cm long.
Capitula solitary, usually pedunculate. Ray and
disk flowers both yellow. Achenes ca 4 mm, wid-
ened upwards, shining brown or black (Hansen,
1976)..
G. abyssinica is cultivated for the oil obtained
from the achenes and for bird-seed. It has been
reported as casual in several European countries
(Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark,
France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Spain and
Sweden), (DAISIE, 2008). It is usually found on
tips and waste ground, along roadside verges, in
urban habitats (where birds are fed). In the terri-
tory of former Yugoslavia the species was known
only in Croatia (Nikolić, 2015) and Slovenia
(Martinčič et al., 1999). The only records of this
species in Bosnia and Herzegovina were reported
for the city of Mostar on the rubbish tips in the
city quarter of Pasjak. Only two specimens were
observed in this locality in July 2014.
Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier et Le-
vier, Gior. Bot. Ital. nov. ser. 2: 79 (1895). (syn.
Heracleum giganteum Fisch. ex Hornem.)
Apiaceae (Fig 3, 4)
Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levi-
er is a monocarpic perennial, which persists usual-
ly for 3-5 years in the rosette stage. After reaching
the mature stage it flowers and dies. The flowering
stem is single, annual, hollow, up to 10 cm thick
at the base, and can be up to 5 m high. Leaves
alternate, lower up to 300 cm, ternately or pin-
nately lobed and coarsely toothed. Flowers white,
in compound umbels up to 80 cm in diameter with
about 100 unequal hairy rays. Fruit elliptical 15
mm long and 5-10 mm wide, narrowly winged,
usually glabrous to villous, dorsally much com-
pressed. The species reproduces only by seeds,
which are dispersed by wind, water and humans. A
single plant produces 5000 to more than 100.000
 SEMIR MASLO: CONTRIBUTION TO THE FLORA OF BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA (NEW NEOPHYTES...), GZM (PN) NS 36

Figure 3. 10. Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier 11. Impatiens balsamina L
12. Mirabilis jalapa L. 13. Oenothera erythrosepala Borbás 14. Opuntia vulgaris Mill
15. Oxalis articulata Savigny. 16. Paspalum dilatatum Poiret in Lam.
17. Pueraria lobata (Willdenow) Ohwi. 18. Senecio inaequidens DC.
(Photo: Semir Maslo)

seeds (Brummitt, 1968). This is a very dangerous cies during the 19th century. The species current
weed, introduced from its native range in Cauca- range includes parts of Europe N of the Alps and
sus to European gardens as an ornamental spe- parts of North America. It competes with native

51
 SEMIR MASLO: CONTRIBUTION TO THE FLORA OF BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA (NEW NEOPHYTES...), GZM (PN) NS 36

Figure 4. The distribution of the species in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 7. Digitalis purpurea L.
8. Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Focke. 9. Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.
10. Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier 11. Impatiens balsamina L
12. Mirabilis jalapa L.

species for light, and can change the composition
and reduce the diversity of native plant communi-
ties. The plant has a strong resinous smell and can
cause dermatitis when it is handled in bright sun-
light. Giant Hogweed is on the list of 100 of the
most invasive alien species in Europe (Nentwig et
al., 2008).
In the area of the former Yugoslavia the species
has been found in Slovenia, escaped from Lju-
bljana Botanical Gardens (Martinčič et al. 1999).
It was even recently found in NW Croatia near
Žabnik in Međimurje area (Nikolić, 2015). The
only records of this species in Bosnia and Her-
zegovina were reported for the town of Hadžići

52
 SEMIR MASLO: CONTRIBUTION TO THE FLORA OF BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA (NEW NEOPHYTES...), GZM (PN) NS 36
south west of Sarajevo (Maslo, 2010) and a few
years earlier at Lokve between Hadžići and Paza-
rić (personal communication, Šoljan, 2014). Al-
though it is not known as yet from other localities
in Bosnia and Herzegovina, its wide distribution
through Europe leads us to consider it a species
with fairly high invasive potential into disturbed
habitats.
Impatiens balsamina L. (Lam.) Pers., Sp. Pl.
938 (1753)
Balsaminaceae (Fig 3, 4).
In the flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina the ge-
nus was previously represented with one species
– Impatiens noli-tangere L. (Beck, 1903-1927),
which is according to Moore (1968) the only Im-
patiens species native to Europe. All others five
species are neophytes, four from Asia and one
from North America (Moore, 1968). Recently, two
neophytes from this genus were recorded in Bo-
snia and Herzegovina, Impatiens balfourii Hooker
f. (Bucalo et al., 2007) and Impatiens glandulifera
Royle. (Topalović-Trivunović and Pavlović-Mu-
ratspahić, 2008).
Impatiens balsamina L. (Lam.) Pers is a pu-
bescent or glabrous annual, with weak, succulent
stems growing around 60 cm tall. Leaves alternate,
elliptical to lanceolate-obovate, with serrate mar-
gins and 15-20 teeth on each side. Flowers pinkish
to purplish or white, 1 to 3 in leaf axils. Capsule
ellipsoid, pubescent. According to (Moore, 1968)
the native distribution range is the South East
Asia. I. balsamina is widely cultivated in gardens,
and occasionally naturalized in several European
countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Hun-
gary, Italy, Romania and Spain), (DAISIE, 2008).
In the former Yugoslavia as a whole, I. balsamina
was known only in Croatia (Nikolić, 2015). It was
also recently found in Montenegro (Stešević &
Jogan, 2007).
This species was first found in Bosnia and He-
rzegovina in 2004, on the left bank of the River
Neretva in the village of Žitomislići near Mostar,
followed three years later in Mostar, on the left
bank of the River Neretva just north of Carinski
bridge (Maslo, 2014b). It was found at both sites
in almost the same habitat, on periodical flood de-
posits with an abundance of organic material.
53
.Mirabilis jalapa L., Sp. Pl. 177 (1753)
Nyctaginaceae (Fig 3, 4).
The genus Mirabilis L. has approximately 50
species distributed primarily in tropical America.
Only one species is widely cultivated as an orna-
mental, Mirabilis jalapa L. It is a bushy, glabrous
annual, reaching 30-70 cm in height. Stem erect,
fleshy, green to reddish with swollen nodes. Leaves
simple, opposite, ovate, acuminate, 4 to 12 cm
long and 2-6 cm wide. Flowers subsessile, in the
clusters of 4-5, fragrant, opening in late afternoon,
closing next morning. Involucre campanulate, ca.
1 cm, 5-lobed. Perianth purple, red, yellow, white
or variegated (Webb, 1993). It is locally natural-
ized in several European countries (Austria, Bel-
gium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, France,
Greece, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Spain,
Sweden and the European part of Russia), (DAI-
SIE, 2008). In the former Yugoslavia, M. jalapa
was known only in Croatia (Nikolić, 2015). It was
also recently found in Montenegro (Stešević et al,
2014). This species was first found in Bosnia and
Herzegovina in 2004, in Mostar, on the left bank
of the River Neretva just north of Carinski bridge
(Maslo, 2014b), followed a few years later in the
town of Blagaj (Maslo & Abadžić, 2015).
Oenothera erythrosepala Borbás., Magyar
Bot. Lapok 2: 245 (1903) (syn. Oenothera glazio-
viana Micheli., Fl. Bras. 13(2): 178 (1875).
Onagraceae (Fig 3, 5)
According to Rostanski (1982) a total of 59
species and hybrids of the genus Oenothera L.
have been recognized and described in the Euro-
pean flora. Plants of American origin cultivated
for ornamental purposes in Europe are widely na-
turalized. In the Flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina
only one species was recorded, Oenothera biennis
L. (Beck, 1903 - 1927).
Oenothera erythrosepala Borbás is a robust
biennial plant. Stem up to 180 cm high, simple or
branched, green or reddish, strongly punculated
with red splotches, with spreading short hairs and
longer stiff hairs with red bulbous bases. Leaves
eliptic to oblong-lanceolate, often strongly crin-
kled. Calyx red-striped or entirely red. Hypanthial
tube 30-50 mm. Petals 40-60 mm. Style 20-60 mm,
stigma held above anthers. Capsule green or red-
striped when young, 20-35 mm, densely glandular
 SEMIR MASLO: CONTRIBUTION TO THE FLORA OF BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA (NEW NEOPHYTES...), GZM (PN) NS 36

Figure 5. The distribution of the species in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 13. Oenothera erythrosepala Bor-
bás 14. Opuntia vulgaris Mill 15. Oxalis articulata Savigny. 16. Paspalum dilatatum Poiret in Lam.
17. Pueraria lobata (Willdenow) Ohwi. 18. Senecio inaequidens DC.

and with long stiff hairs with red bulbous bases
(Rostanski, 1982). O. erythrosepala is distributed
worldwide as an ornamental and as a garden esca-
pe. According to Flora Europaea (Raven, 1968)
O. erythrosepala is locally common in W. & C.
Europe. It has been reported as casual in several
European countries (Belgium, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Brit-
ain, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland,
Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the Eu-
ropean part of Turkey) (DAISIE, 2008).
The species is rare in the former Yugoslavia,
registered in Croatia (Nikolić, 2015) and Slovenia
(Martinčič et al. 1999). It was also recently found

54
 SEMIR MASLO: CONTRIBUTION TO THE FLORA OF BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA (NEW NEOPHYTES...), GZM (PN) NS 36
in Montenegro (Rakaj & Rostanski, 2008). This
species was first found in Bosnia and Herzego-
vina in the city of Mostar, on rubbish tips in the
city quarter of Pasjak. Several further new records
were recently reported from Central Bosnia, near
Olovo and Zavidovići, on tips and waste ground,
along roadside verges (personal communication,
Šarić, 2014).
Opuntia vulgaris Miller., Gard. Dict. ed. 8(1)
(1768), (syn. Cactus opuntia L.,  Opuntia humi-
fusa Rafin., Opuntia nana Vis.).
Cactaceae (Fig 3, 5)
The cactus family (Cactaceae) is mainly re-
stricted to the Americas and comprises more than
1800 species. It is represented in the flora of Eu-
rope with only one genus, Opuntia Miller. which
is represented by six species in Europe (Moore,
1968). Opuntia vulgaris Miller. is native to E.
North America, from Alabama to Ontario, natu-
ralized on rocks and walls in South and Central
Europe (Moore, 1968). It is a procumbent and
spreading, or sometimes ascending shrub up to 50
cm high. The individual segments (joints) are or-
bicular to oblong, thick, dark green, 5-15 cm long.
Leaves 4-8 mm long, subulate and patent. Spines
1-5 cm long, brownish to whitish, glochids nume-
rous, yellow to dark brown. Flowers 5-9 cm in dia-
meter, bright yellow. Fruit obovoid to oblong, 2-5
cm long, red, succulent, edible. Under natural con-
ditions the species reproduces mainly by seeds,
althought vegetative reproduction dominates in
some cases. Under extreme conditions it survives
by offshoots at the base of the stem and by root-
-striking from part of the stem. O. vulgaris is occa-
sionally naturalized in several European countries
(Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Greece, Italy, Spain
and Switzerland), (DAISIE, 2008). It has recently
been recorded in Montenegro and included in the
Preliminary list of plant invaders in Montenegro
(Stešević and Petrović, 2010).
The first finding for Bosnia and Herzegovina
was recorded in Mostar on the rocky limestone
slopes of Fortica Hill, more than twenty years
ago. During field investigations in the Mostar area
(Maslo, 2014b), large populations were found in
dry and stony places and among rocks, on the
slopes of Stolac Hill. It was also recently found
on rubbish tips in the town of Počitelj in South
Herzegovina, but only one specimen.
55
Oxalis articulata Savigny, Encycl. Méth. Bot.
4: 686 (1798) (syn. Oxalis floribunda Lehm.)
Oxalidaceae (Fig 3, 5)
The genus Oxalis L. consists of nearly 800 spe-
cies, mainly herbs, often with underground bulbs
or tubers, distributed worldwide, but mainly in
subtropical regions (Young, 1957). In the flora
of Europe, Oxalis L. is represented by 12 species
(Young, 1968). In the Flora of Bosnia and Herze-
govina only two species were recorded (Beck,
1903-1927).
Oxalis articulata Savigny, is a caespitose pe-
rennial up to 45 cm. Rhizome swollen or almost
woody, oblong with scarious remains of leaf-bases.
Leaflets obcordate, deeply emarginated, covered
with orange or brown tubercles. Inflorescence a
corymbose cyme with many pink to violet, rarely
white flowers. Capsules cylindrical-ovoid ca 10
mm long. O. articulata is native of East temper-
ate South America, cultivated in gardens and oc-
casionally naturalized in waste places in parts of
West Europe (Young, 1957). It has been reported
as casual in several European countries (Croatia,
France, Great Britain, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portu-
gal, Spain and the European part of Turkey) (DAI-
SIE, 2008). The species is rare in former Yugosla-
via, registered in Croatia (Nikolić, 2015) and Slo-
venia (Martinčič et al. 1999). It was also recently
found in Montenegro (Stešević et al., 2014).
This species was first found in Bosnia and He-
rzegovina in 2004, in the city of Mostar (Maslo,
2014b), followed a few years later in the town
of Blagaj (Maslo & Abadžić, 2015). It was also
recently found in the area of Hutovo Blato, near
Karaotok, in waste places on the edges of the road
sheltered by Rubus ulmifolius Schott.
Paspalum dilatatum Poir., in Lam., Encycl.
Meth. Bot. 5: 35 (1804). (syn Digitaria dilatata
(Poir.) Coste, Fl. Descr. France 3: 553. 1906.)
Poaceae (Fig 3, 5)
The genus Paspalum L. includes about 160,
mainly tropical species. In the flora of Europe,
Paspalum is represented by four species (Clayton,
1980). Only one species of genus Paspalum has
so far been recorded in the flora of Bosnia and He-
rzegovina, namely Paspalum paspalodes (Michx.)
Scribn. in the area of Hutovo Blato (Bajić, 1954).
 SEMIR MASLO: CONTRIBUTION TO THE FLORA OF BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA (NEW NEOPHYTES...), GZM (PN) NS 36
Paspalum dilatatum Poir. is a leafy, tufted
perennial grass with clustered stems arising from
shortly creeping rhizomes. Leaves 7-40 cm long,
flat and hairless with a distinct mid-rib and often
wrinkled along the leaf margins. Stems 40-180
cm high, inflorescence of 3-5 racemes on a com-
mon axis, 2-20 cm. Spikelets ovate, about 3 mm,
yellowish-green, fringed with silky hairs. The ra-
cemes have spikelets overlapping in rows along
one side of a flattened axis.
This South American species, which is na-
tive to the humid subtropics of southern Brazil,
Argentina and Uruguay, is occasionally natural-
ized in damp, shady places and wet ground in
S.W. Europe and Italy (Clayton, 1980). It has been
reported as casual in several European countries
(Belgium, Croatia, France, Greece, Hungary, Ita-
ly, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland and the European
part of Turkey) (DAISIE, 2008). It was found
for the first time in the area of former Yugosla-
via in the Montenegrin coastal region (Ilijanić and
Topić, 1986), and a few years later in Croatia near
Šibenik (Ilijanić, 1990) and in Slovenia near Izola
(Glasnović, 2007).
The first finding for Bosnia and Herzegovina
was recorded in the city of Mostar in 1996. It grew
along the edges of the park in front of the ruins
of the Hotel Neretva in the city quarter of Musala
(Šilić & Abadžić, 2000; Maslo, 2014b). Unfor-
tunately the species disappeared, along with its
habitat, during the renovation of the park a few
years later. However, I found the species again in
July 2011 in the area of Mogorjelo near Čapljina.
Fairly large populations were found close to the
ruins of the Roman Villa of Mogorjelo, together
with Paspalum paspalodes (Michx.) Scribn.
Pueraria thunbergiana Benth., Journal of the
Linnean Society, Botany 9: 122-123. 1867. (syn.
Pueraria hirsuta (Thunb.) C. Scheider; Pueraria
lobata (Willd.) Ohwi; Pueraria montana (Lour.)
Merr.)
Fabaceae (Fig 3, 5)
Pueraria DC. was delimited as a genus by
Candolle in 1825. This genus of East Asian ori-
gin contains 16 species. Only one species of ge-
nus Pueraria has so far been recorded in the flora
of Europe, namely Pueraria thunbergiana Benth.
(DAISIE, 2008). P. thunbergiana is native to east-
ern Asia (China, Japan and Korea). It is a robust
56
climbing or trailing perennial with dark brown
stems up to 15 m long. It forms large root tubers
up to 2 m long and 18-45 cm wide that can weigh
as much as 180 kg. P. thunbergiana has alternate,
deciduous leaves, with 3 leaflets 8-20 cm long
and 5-15 cm wide. The flowers are pink to purple,
highly fragrant and borne in 10-25 cm long, hang-
ing panicles. The fruits are reddish-brown hairy
legumes 4-10 cm long, with 3-10 seeds. P. thun-
bergiana almost exclusively spreads with runners
and with garden waste (Gigon et al., 2014).
P. thunbergiana has only recently been im-
ported as a horticultural curiosity and has gen-
erally not escaped from cultivation. It is locally
naturalized in a few European countries (Italy,
Switzerland, Ukraine and the European part of
Russia), (DAISIE, 2008). Very recently limited
invasive outbreaks were found in Italy and Swit-
zerland. In the flora of former Yugoslavia this spe-
cies was known only in Croatia (Nikolić, 2015). In
Bosnia and Herzegovina this species is recorded
only as cultivated (Šilić, 1990, Mišić and Šoljan,
2014). According to Šilić (1990) it was actively
planted for erosion control along the shores of the
Jablaničko Lake, being fast growing. This spe-
cies was first found in Bosnia and Herzegovina
in the wild in Mostar more than twenty years ago
(Maslo, 2014b). It grew on the banks of the River
Neretva at Bunor, upstream of the Old Bridge.
Significantly larger stands were recently recorded
in the Neretva valley, between Buna and Počitelj.
In this introduced range it colonizes a wide vari-
ety of natural and semi-natural habitatats, where
it forms monospecific stands on both sides of the
main M17 road.
Senecio inaequidens DC., Prodromus Sys-
tematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 6: 401.
1837[1838].
Asteraceae (Fig 3, 5)
Senecio L. is a cosmopolitan genus containing
between 1000 and 3000 species. In the flora of
Europe, Senecio is represented by about 70 spe-
cies (Chater and Walters, 1976). In the Flora of
Bosnia and Herzegovina 23 species were recorded
(Beck et al., 1983), all native to the area. Senecio
inaequidens DC., is native to South Africa. It is a
short-lived perennial up to 100 cm tall, resembling
a semishrub. Stems erect, glabrous, often strongly
 SEMIR MASLO: CONTRIBUTION TO THE FLORA OF BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA (NEW NEOPHYTES...), GZM (PN) NS 36
branched from the woody base. Leaves alternate,
3-14 x 0.5-1 cm, simple, linear to linear-lanceo-
late, slightly thick, usually with clasping stems at
the base. Inflorescences open, terminal or axillary,
corymbose panicles. Capitula many, 15-25 mm in
diameter, radiate, 80 to 100 per plant. Involucrum
pear-shaped with about 20 bracts which are lan-
ceolate, acute, green, glabrous and 5 – 7 mm long.
Supplementary bract 10-20, acute, dark tipped.
Flowers bright yellow in color with 7 to 13 ray
florets. Achens 2 – 2.5 mm long, cylindrical. Pap-
pus 2-3 times as long as achene, white (Chater and
Walters, 1976).
S. inaequidens orginates from South Africa,
and was introduced into Europe with imports of
wool. It was reported in several European coun-
tries (Belarus, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic,
Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hun-
gary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden and Switzerland) (DAISIE, 2008).
It was found in the area of former Yugoslavia for
the first time in Montenegro (Stevanović et al.,
1990-1991), in Slovenia (Kaligarič, 1992) and
a few years later in Croatia (Borovečki-Voska,
2013).
The first and only find of this species in Bosnia
and Herzegovina was recorded in the city of Mo-
star in 1996 on the rubbish tips near the railway
station in the city quarter of Pasjak (Maslo, 2014b;
Milović and Pandža, 2014). Only one robust spec-
imen was observed in this locality. Apart from this
find, there is no other evidence of the existence of
this species in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Conclusion
This paper lists 18 previously unrecorded non-na-
tive taxa for the flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Of the 18 species of neophytes that are listed in the
paper, 15 were registered in Herzegovina and only
three taxa are restricted in distribution to Bosnia
alone (Cleome spinosa Jacq., Digitalis purpurea
L. and Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier &
Levier). Most of the neophytes registered origi-
nate from the areas of the Americas, followed by
those that originate from Asia (Tab. 1). Only three
species (Cleome spinosa Jacq., Digitalis purpurea
L. and Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.) have been
57
observed once only in Bosnia and Herzegovina,
whereas the other species were found during the
entire period in which the research was conducted
(1998-2014).
During the research, nine taxa managed to pro-
duce three self-reproducing populations, approxi-
mately a hundred metres from the original point of
entry (Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam., Bromus cathar-
ticus Vahl., Buddleja davidii Franch., Comme-
lina communis L., Duchesnea indica (Andrews)
Focke., Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier &
Levier., Opuntia vulgaris Miller., Paspalum dila-
tatum Poir., Pueraria thunbergiana Benth.). As a
result, according to the definition of Richardson et
al. (2000), those taxa can be considered as natural-
ized plants in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Following
the same authors, three of the above taxa can be
considered as invasive plants (Duchesnea indica
(Andrews) Focke., Opuntia vulgaris Miller. and
Pueraria thunbergiana Benth.).
In future, special attention should be given to
Pueraria thunbergiana. It colonizes a wide vari-
ety of natural and semi-natural habitats, where it
forms monospecific stands on both sides of the
main M17 road. The potential for damage is high
because monospecific stands of P. thunbergiana
can cover shrubs and trees, shading, smothering
and completely replacing native vegetation. Al-
though its natural spread is not very rapid, once
introduced into an area, it is difficult to control or
eradicate. Its spread in this region will require par-
ticular attention in the future.
Although some taxa are classified as invasive
in Croatia (Boršić et al., 2008) or Montenegro
(Stešević & Petrović, 2010), I recognize them as
casual (e.g. Oenothera erythrosepala) or naturali-
zed non-invasive taxa (e.g Paspalum dilatatum),
according to their behaviour as observed in the
area of investigation. For the time being they do
not display the ability to become invasive, but this
possibility cannot be excluded.
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank Aldin Boškailo on the map-
ping of distribution of species as well as my col-
league Jessica Andersson for improving the Eng-
lish of this paper.
 SEMIR MASLO: CONTRIBUTION TO THE FLORA OF BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA (NEW NEOPHYTES...), GZM (PN) NS 36

Bibliography
Abadžić S. 1986-1987. Prilog poznavanju horologije i ekologije dviju adventivnih vrsta – Echinocystis lobata (Michx) Torrey
et Gray i Bidens bipinnata L. u flori Bosne i Hercegovine. Glasnik Zem. Muzeja Bosne i Hercegovine (PN) N.S. 25-26:
71-77. Sarajevo.
Bajić D. 1954. Neke nove i ređe vrste u flori Bosne i Hercegovine. Acta ichtyologica Bosniae et Hercegovinae, 3: 71-81.
Beck G. 1903-1927. Flora Bosne i Hercegovine i Novopazarskog Sandžaka. 1-3, Sarajevo, Belgrade.
Beck G., Maly K. 1950. Flora Bosnae et Hercegovinae 4, Sympetalae 1. Zemaljski muzej BiH, Sarajevo, pp. 72.
Beck G., Maly K., Bjelčić Ž. 1967. Flora Bosnae et Hercegovinae 4, Sympetalae 2. Zemaljski muzej BiH, Sarajevo, pp. 110.
Beck G., Maly K., Bjelčić Ž. 1974. Flora Bosnae et Hercegovinae 4, Sympetalae 3. Zemaljski muzej BiH, Sarajevo, pp. 183.
Beck G., Maly K., Bjelčić Ž. 1983. Flora Bosnae et Hercegovinae 4, Sympetalae 4. Zemaljski muzej BiH, Sarajevo, pp. 188.
Bjelčić Ž. 1954. Flora i vegetacija bare Velika Tišina kod Bos. Šamca. Godišnjak Biološkog instituta Univerziteta u Sarajevu,
7, 1-2: 188-189.
Bjelčić Ž., Stefanović V. 1986. Phytolacca americana L. u flori i vegetaciji Bosne i Hercegovine. Godišnjak Biološkog instituta
Univerziteta u Sarajevu, 5: 5-11.
Borovečki-Voska Lj. 2013. Senecio inaequidens DC.-nova alohtona vrsta u R. Hrvatskoj. Glasnik Hrvatskog botaničkog dru-
štva, 1(4): 19-21.
Boršić I., Milović M., Dujmović I., Bogdanović S., Cigić P., Rešetnik I., Nikolić T., Mitić B. 2008. Preliminary check-list of
invasive alien plant species (IAS) in Croatia. Nat.Croat. Vol.17(2): 55-71.
Brummitt R.K. 1968. Heracleum L. In Tutin, T.G., Burges, N.A., Chater, A.O., Edmondson, J.R., Heywood, V.H., Moore,
D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb D.A. (eds.): Flora Europaea. Vol. 2: 364-366, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge.
Bucalo V., Brujić J., Travar J., Milanović Đ., Tonić A. 2007. Flora Nacionalnog parka Kozara.
Chater A.O., Akeroyd J.R. 1993. Cleome L. In Tutin, T.G., Burges, N.A., Chater, A.O., Edmondson, J.R., Heywood, V.H.,
Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb D. A. (eds.): Flora Europaea. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.): 312. Cambridge Uni-
versity Press, Cambridge.
Chater A. O., Walters S.M. 1976. Senecio L. In Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Wal-
ters, S.M. & Webb D. A. (eds.): Flora Europaea. Vol. 4: 191-205, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Clayton W.D. 1980. Paspalum L. In: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M.
& Webb D. A. (eds.): Flora Europaea. Vol. 5: 263. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
DAISIE 2008. European Databas of Alien Species. http://www.europe-aliens.org/ (Accesed January 2015).
Gigon A., Pron S., Buholzer S. 2014. Ecology and distribution of the Southeast Asian invasive liana Kudzy, Pueraria lobata
(Fabaceae), in Southern Switzerland. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, 44(3): 490-501.
Glasnović P. 2007. Contribution to the knowledge of flora of Slovene Istra. Hladnikia, 20: 5-10.
Hansen A. 1976. Guizotia Cass. In Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. &
Webb D. A. (eds.): Flora Europaea. Vol. 4: 139, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Heywood V.H. 1972. Digitalis L. In Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M.
& Webb D. A. (eds.): Flora Europaea. Vol. 3: 239 - 241, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Hayek A. 1924-1933. Prodromus florae peninsulae Balcanicae. Band I, II, III. Berlin-Dahlem.
Ilijanić Lj., Topić J. 1986. Paspalum dilatatum Poiret., a new adventitious plant in the flora of Yugoslavia. Acta Botanica Cro-
atica, 45: 141-144.
Ilijanić Lj. 1990. Paspalum dilatatum Poiret., eine neue Adventivpflanze in der Flora Kroatiens. Razprave IV. Razr. SAZU
Ljubljana, 31: 89-96.
Jasprica N., Ruščić M., Lasić A. 2011. Comparison of urban flora in Dubrovnik, Split and Mostar. Hrvatska misao (Matica
hrvatska Sarajevo)., 55 (3): nova serija sv. 40: 77-104.
Josifović M. (ed.). 1970-1977. Flora SR Srbije, I-IX. SANU, Beograd.
Jovanović S. 1994. Ecological study of ruderal flora and vegetation of Belgrade. Faculty of Biology. University in Belgrade,
pp. 222.
Kaligarič M. 1992. Raslinstvo Kraškega roba. Proteus, 54: 224-230.
Kirkbride J.H., Olsen T.R. 2011. Identity of Catalpa tibetica (Bignoniaceae). J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas, 5(2): 625-631.
Korica D. 1952. Prilog reviziji adventivne i korovske flore Bosne i Hercegovine. Godišnjak Biološkog instituta u Sarajevu, V,
1-2: 278-286.
Lasić A., Jasprica N., Ruščić M. 2010. Neophytes in the city of Mostar (Bosnia and Herzegovina). 3rd Croatian Botanical
Congress, Abstracts: 121, Murter.
Lazarević P., Stojanović V., Jelić I., Perić R., Krsteski B., Ajtić R., Sekulić N., Branković S., Sekulić G., Bjedov V. 2012. Pre-
liminarni spisak invazivnih vrsta u Republici Srbiji sa opštim merama kontrole i suzbijanja kao potpora budućim zakonskim
aktima. Zaštita prirode, 62(1): 5-31.
Maly K. 1948. Novi oblik vrste Phytolacca americana. Godišnjak Biološkog instituta u Sarajevu, 1 (2): 33-35.

58
 SEMIR MASLO: CONTRIBUTION TO THE FLORA OF BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA (NEW NEOPHYTES...), GZM (PN) NS 36

Martinčič A., Wraber T., Jogan N., Ravnik V., Podobnik A., Turk B., Vreš B. 1999. Mala flora Slovenije, Ljubljana: Tehniška
založba Slovenije.
Maslo S. 2010. Giant hogweed Heracleum mantegazzianum Somier & Levier - a new non-indigenous species in the flora of
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Herbologija, 11(2): 17-24.
Maslo S. 2012. Rescue grass Bromus catharticus Vahl. - a new alien species in the flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Her-
bologija, 13(1): 31-36.
Maslo S. 2014a. Alien flora of Hutovo Blato Natural Park (south Bosnia and Herzegovina). Herbologija, 14(1): 1-13.
Maslo S. 2014b. The urban flora of the city of Mostar (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Nat. Croat., 23(1): 65–109.
Maslo S., Abadžić S. 2015. Vascular flora of the town of Blagaj (South Bosnia and Herzegovina). Nat. Croat., 24(1). In prep.
Milović M., Mitić B., Alegro A. 2010. New neophytes in the flora of Croatia. Nat. Croat., 19(2): 407–431.
Milović M., Pandža M. 2014. New localities of Senecio inaequidens DC. In Croatia. Nat. Croat. , 23(1): 219–227.
Mišić Lj. 1998. Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. – nova vrsta trave (Poaceae) u adventivnoj flori Bosne i Hercegovine. Radovi
Poljopriv. fak. Univerziteta u Sarajevu, XLIII, 47: 52-55.
Mišić Lj. Šoljan D. 2014. Index Florae Bosnae et Hercegovinae (Part 1). GZM (PN) NS, 34: 73-88.
Mitić B., Boršić I., Dujmović I., Bogdanović S., Milović M., Cigić P., Rešetnik I., Nikolić, T. 2008. Alien flora of Croatia:
proposals for standards in terminology, criteria and related database. Nat.Croat., 17: 73-90
Moore D.M. 1968 Impatiens L. In Tutin, T.G., Burges, N.A., Chater, A.O., Edmondson, J.R., Heywood, V.H., Moore, D.M.,
Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb D. A. (eds.): Flora Europaea. Vol. 2: 240-241, Cambridge University Press, Cam-
bridge.
Moore D.M. 1968 Opuntia L. In Tutin, T.G., Burges, N.A., Chater, A.O., Edmondson, J.R., Heywood, V.H., Moore, D.M.,
Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb D. A. (eds.): Flora Europaea. Vol. 2: 299, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Nielsen C., Ravn H.P., Nentwig W., Wade M. (eds.) 2005. The Giant Hogweed best practice manual. Guidelines for the mana-
gement and control of an invasive weed in Europe. Forest and Landscape. Hoersholm, Denmark.
Nikolić T. (ed.). 2015. Flora Croatica baza podataka / Flora Croatica Database. On-Line. URL: http://hirc.botanic.hr/fcd.  (Ac-
cesed January 2015). Botanički zavod, Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet, Sveučilište u Zagrebu.
Obradović M., Budak V. 1982. Rudbeckia hirta L. u flori sjeveroistočne Bosne. Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja Bosne i Hercego-
vine, 21: 87-89.
Petrović D., Herceg N., Kovačević Z., Ostojić I. 2011. Distribution of tree of heaven species Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swing-
le in Herzegovina. Herbologija, 12(1): 111 – 114.
Pyšek, P., Richardson, D.M., Rejmanek, M., Webster, G.L., Williamson, M., Kirschner, J. 2004. Alien plants in checklists and
floras: towards better communication between taxonomists and ecologists. Taxon, 53(1): 131-143.
Pyšek P., Danihelka J., Sádlo J., Chrtek J. Jr., Chytrý M., Jarošík V., Kaplan Z., Krahulec F., Moravcová L., Pergl J., Štajerová
K., Tichý L. 2012. Catalogue of alien plants of the Czech Republic (2nd edition): checklist update, taxonomic diversity and
invasion patterns. Preslia, 84: 155–255.
Rakaj M., Rostanski K. 2008. New species of the genus Oenothera L. from coasts of the Albania and Montenegro. Natura
Montenegrina, 8(3): 163-171.
Raven P.H. 1968 Oenothera L. In Tutin, T.G., Burges, N.A., Chater, A.O., Edmondson, J.R., Heywood, V.H., Moore, D.M.,
Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb D. A. (eds.): Flora Europaea. Vol. 2: 306-308, Cambridge University Press, Cam-
bridge.
Redžić S., Barudanović S., Radović M. (eds.) 2008. Bosnia and Herzegovina –Land of Diversity. Overview and status of
Biological and Landscape Diversity in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Federal Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Sarajevo.
Richardson D. M., Pyšek P., Rejmánek M., Barbour M. G., Panetta F. D., West C. J. 2000. Naturalization and invasion of alien
plants: concepts and definitions. Diversity & Distributions, Oxford, 6: 93-107.
Ritter-Studnička H. 1958. Prilozi za floru Bosne i Hercegovine III. Godišnjak Biološkog instituta Univerziteta u Sarajevu, 11,
1-2: 95-122.
Rostanski K. 1982. The species of Oenothera L. in Britain. Watsonia, 14: 1-34.
Ruščić M., Nikolić T. 2011. Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam. (Apiaceae), a new taxon in Croatian flora. Acta Bot. Croat., 70(2): 301-
306.
Sarić M.R., Diklić N. 1986. Flora SR Srbije, X (supplement 2). SANU, Beograd.
Slavnić Ž. 1960. O useljavanju, širenju i odomaćivanju nekih adventivnih biljaka u Bosni i Hercegovini. Godišnjak Biološkog
instituta Univerziteta u Sarajevu, XIII, 1-2: 117-146.
Slavnić Ž. 1964. Rod bidens L. u flori Bosne i Hercegovine. Radovi Naučnog društva SR BiH 25, Odjelj. privr. – tehn. nauka
knj. 7: 155-162.
Slavnić Ž., Lozušić B. 1964/65. Geografsko rasprostranjenje, tipovi staništa i stepen odomaćivanja vrste Amaranthus blitoides
S. Watson u Jugoslaviji. GZM (PN), III/IV: 197-201.
Smith P. M. 1980. Bromus L. In: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. &
Webb D. A. (eds.): Flora Europaea. Vol. 5: 182-189. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Stefanović V. 1978. Prvi prilog o ekološkom aspektu subspontanog širenja javorolisne platane (Platanus acerifolia Willd.) u
kanjonu Une. Šum. list, 8-10.

59
 SEMIR MASLO: CONTRIBUTION TO THE FLORA OF BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA (NEW NEOPHYTES...), GZM (PN) NS 36

Stešević D., Jogan N. 2007. Additions to the flora of Montenegro. Setaria verticilliformis Dumort., Setaria viridis (L.) PB.
subsp. pycnocoma (Steud.) Tzvel., Impatiens balsamina L. and Catalpa bignoniodes Walt. Natura Montenegrina, 6: 153-
160.
Stešević D., Caković D., Jovanović S. 2014. The Urban Flora of Podgorica (Montenegro, SE Europe): Annotated Checklist,
Distribution Atlas, Habitats And Life-Forms, Taxonomic, Phytogeographical And Ecological Analysis. Ecologica Montene-
grina, Supplementum 1, 1(4), pp. 171.
Stešević D., Petrović D. 2010. Preliminary list of plant invaders in Montenegro. Biologica Nyssana, 1(1-2): 35-42.
Stevanović V., Niketić M., Lakušić D . 1990-1991. Distribution of the vascular plants in Yugoslavia (Serbia, Montenegro) and
Macedonia. I. Glasnik Instituta za botaniku i botaničke bašte ”Jevremovac” Univerziteta u Beogradu, 24-25: 33-54.
Šilić Č. 1973. Tagetes minutus L. – sve masovniji i sve opasniji korov na poljoprivrednim površinama Dalmacije, Hercegovine,
Crnogorskog primorja i južne Makedonije. Jugoslovenski simpozijum o borbi protiv korova u brdsko-planinskim područji-
ma: 27-34, Sarajevo.
Šilić Č. 1990. Ukrasno drveće i grmlje. Sarajevo, Beograd.
Šilić Č., Abadžić S. 2000. Contribution to the knowledge of the neophytic flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Herbologija, 1(1):
29-40.
Šoljan, D., Muratović, E. 2000. Rasprostranjenost vrste Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. na području grada Sarajeva. Herbologija,
1 (1): 41-47.
Šoljan, D., Muratović, E. 2002. Rasprostranjenost vrste Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. u Bosni i Hercegovini. Herbologija, 3 (1):
107-111.
Šoljan, D., Muratović, E. 2004. Rasprostranjenost vrste Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. u Bosni i Hercegovini (II). Herbologija, 5
(1): 1-5.
Šoljan, D., Abadžić, S., Muratović, E. 2003. Neophytes in flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 3rd International Balkan Botanical
Congress, Abstracts: 197, Sarajevo.
Šoljan, D. 2011. Sedum sarmentosum Bunge (Crassulaceae), an allochthonous species in the flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Herbologija, 12 (3): 15-21.
Tallent-Halsell N.G., Watt M.S. 2009. The Invasive Buddleja davidii (Butterfly Bush). The Botanical Review: 1-34.
Tomović I., Stešević D. 2007. Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Focke., new alien species in the flora of Montenegro. Natura Mon-
tenegrina, 6: 161-163.
Tomović-Hadžiavdić V., Šoljan D. 2006. Urbana flora Sarajeva. /Urban Flora of Sarajevo./ GZM (PN) NS, 32: 121-135.
Topalić-Trivunović Lj., Šumatić N. 2004. Reynoutria japonica Houtt. - Invasive species in ruderal flora of Banja Luka. Acta
herbologica, 13 (1): 13-18.
Topalić-Trivunović Lj., Pavlović-Muratspahić D. 2008. Adventive flora of the Banja Luka Region. Acta herbologica, 17(1):
109-117.
Trinajstić I. 1973. Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Focke., nova adventivna vrsta u flori Jugoslavije. Acta Bot. Croat., 32: 261-
266.
Tutin T.G. 1968. Ammi L. In Tutin, T.G., Burges, N.A., Chater, A.O., Edmondson, J.R., Heywood, V.H., Moore, D.M., Va-
lentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb D. A. (eds.): Flora Europaea. Vol. 2: 353, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Tutin T.G. 1972. Buddleja L. In Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. &
Webb D. A. (eds.): Flora Europaea. Vol. 3: 201 - 202, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Valentine D.H. 1968. Duchesnea Sm. In Tutin, T.G., Burges, N.A., Chater, A.O., Edmondson, J.R., Heywood, V.H., Moore,
D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb D. A. (eds.): Flora Europaea. Vol. 2: 48. Cambridge University Press, Cam-
bridge.
Vojniković, S. 2009. Crna lista flore. Hrvatska misao (Matica hrvatska Sarajevo). 50 (1), nova serija, sv. 36: 85-95.
Webb D.A. 1993. Mirabilis L. In Tutin, T.G., Burges, N.A., Chater, A.O., Edmondson, J.R., Heywood, V.H., Moore, D.M.,
Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb D. A. (eds.): Flora Europaea. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.): 134. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge.
Webb D.A. 1980. Commelina L. In: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. &
Webb D. A. (eds.): Flora Europaea. Vol. 5: 116-117. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Young D.P. 1957. Oxalis in the British Isles. Watsonia, 4(2): 51-69.
Young D.P. 1968. Oxalis L. In Tutin, T.G., Burges, N.A., Chater, A.O., Edmondson, J.R., Heywood, V.H., Moore, D.M., Valen-
tine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb D. A. (eds.): Flora Europaea. Vol. 2: 192-193. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

60
 SEMIR MASLO: CONTRIBUTION TO THE FLORA OF BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA (NEW NEOPHYTES...), GZM (PN) NS 36

Prilozi za floru Bosne i Hercegovine

(Novi neofiti u flori Bosne i Hercegovine)
U ovom prilogu navode se floristički nalazi novi za područje Bosne
i Hercegovine, a koji su proistekli iz niza florističkih istraživanja
sprovedenih uglavnom na području donjeg toka rijeke Neretve.
Tokom višegodišnjeg istraživanja pronađeno je 18 vrsta neofi-
ta koji su novi za floru Bosne i Hercegovine: Ammi visnaga (L.)
Lam., Bromus catharticus Vahl., Buddleja davidii Franch., Catalpa
bignonioides Walter., Cleome spinosa Jacq., Commelina communis
L., Digitalis purpurea L., Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Focke., Gu-
izotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass., Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier
& Levier., Impatiens balsamina L., Mirabilis jalapa L., Oenothera
erythrosepala Borbás., Opuntia vulgaris Mill., Oxalis articulata Sa-
vigny., Paspalum dilatatum Poiret in Lam., Pueraria lobata (Will-
denow) Ohwi. i Senecio inaequidens DC.
U radu se donosi kratak opis morfoloških karakteristika taksona
kao i karte distribucije u Bosni i Hercegovini.
Ključne riječi: vaskularna flora, novi neofiti, Bosna i Hercegovina.

61