CONIC SECTIONS

CONSTRUCTION OF ELLIPSE

Construct an ellipse, with distance of the focus from the directrix as 50 mm a

Problem No : 1 eccentricity as 2/3. Also draw normal and tangent to the curve at a point 40 mm fro
(1.2) the directrix.
Solution Steps Procedure
Given data and conditions :
1. - Distance between the Focus and directix is 50mm
- Eccentricity is 2/3
2. The Ellipse can be constructed by Eccentricity method.
Draw a vertical line indicating the Directrix DD’ and draw a horizontal line
3. perpendicular to the directrix indicating the axis using 2H pencil. Mark the
intersection point as A
Mark the Focus F on the axis line at a distance of 50mm from the directrix . Divid
4. the length AF into 5 equal parts ( it is nothing but the sum of numerator and
denominator in eccentricity value ) .
5. Mark the vertex V by taking 2 parts from focus F such that VF / AF = 2 / 3
From V draw a vertical line using 2H pencil and mark P above on it such that V
6.
VF . Similarly mark Q below the line such that VQ = VF
Then draw a line from A passing through P at any convenient distance and simila
7.
draw a line from A passing through Q at any convenient distance .( using 2H pen
From V take any convenient distance on the axis and name it as 1 and draw a
8. vertical line from 1 which intersects the inclined line AP and AQ using 2H pencil. T
intersection point is named 1’ above and 1’’ below the axis .
Now with F as center and 11’ as radius draw an arc above and below the vertical
9.
drawn . Name the points as P1 and Q1 above and below the axis
Similarly take another point 2 on the axis of same distance and draw vertical line
from 2 and mark it as 2’ and 2’’ above and below the axis . Then with F as center
10.
radius equal to 22’ draw arc above and below the vertical line . Name the points a
P2 and Q2
Repeat the above steps by marking 3, 4 , 5, ……. and draw vertical lines and ma
11.
the arcs P3 P4 P5....................Q3 , Q4 , Q5…………….
12. Join all the points by smooth curve to get the required ellipse which is a closed
curve
Note : While drawing the curve first light free hand curve is drawn through the
known points using 2H pencil and then neat dark curve is drawn finally with the he
of French curve using H pencil
 The tangent and normal can be drawn as follows
- From directrix take a distance 40mm and mark point X on the curve an
join the point X with focus F
- Draw a line from F at angle of 90˚ to intersect the directrix at B using 2
13. pencil
- From B draw a line passing through X using H pencil which gives the
tangent BC to the ellipse
- From X draw another line perpendicular to it using H pencil and pass
through it which gives the normal DE to the curve
Thus the ellipse was constructed using Eccentricity method and tangent and norm
14.
were drawn

Problem No : 2 Draw the conic curve, if the distance of focus from the directrix is 70 mm and t
(1.7) eccentricity is ¾. Also draw a tangent and a normal at any point on the curve.
Solution Steps Procedure
Given data and conditions :
1. - Distance between the Focus and directrix is 70mm
- Eccentricity is 3/4
2. The Ellipse can be constructed by Eccentricity method.
Draw a vertical line indicating the Directrix DD’ and draw a horizontal line
3. perpendicular to the directrix indicating the axis using 2H pencil. Mark the
intersection point as A
Mark the Focus F on the axis line at a distance of 70mm from the directrix . Divid
4. the length AF into 7 equal parts ( it is nothing but the sum of numerator and
denominator in eccentricity value ) .
5. Mark the vertex V by taking 3 parts from focus F such that VF / AF = 3 / 4
From V draw a vertical line using 2H pencil and mark P above on it such that V
6.
VF . Similarly mark Q below the line such that VQ = VF
Then draw a line from A passing through P at any convenient distance and simila
7.
draw a line from A passing through Q at any convenient distance .( using 2H pen
From V take any convenient distance on the axis and name it as 1 and draw a
8. vertical line from 1 which intersects the inclined line AP and AQ using 2H pencil. T
intersection point is named 1’ above and 1’’ below the axis .
Now with F as center and 11’ as radius draw an arc above and below the vertical
9.
drawn . Name the points as P1 and Q1 above and below the axis
Similarly take another point 2 on the axis of same distance and draw vertical line
from 2 and mark it as 2’ and 2’’ above and below the axis . Then with F as center
10.
radius equal to 22’ draw arc above and below the vertical line . Name the points a
P2 and Q2
Repeat the above steps by marking 3, 4 , 5, ……. and draw vertical lines and ma
11.
the arcs P3 P4 P5....................Q3 , Q4 , Q5…………….
12. Join all the points by smooth curve to get the required ellipse which is a closed
curve
Note : While drawing the curve first light free hand curve is drawn through the
known points using 2H pencil and then neat dark curve is drawn finally with the he
of French curve using H pencil
 The tangent and normal can be drawn as follows
- Mark any point X on the curve and join the point X with focus F
- Draw a line from F at angle of 90˚ to intersect the directrix at B using 2
pencil
13.
- From B draw a line passing through X using H pencil which gives the
tangent BC to the ellipse
- From X draw another line perpendicular to it using H pencil and pass
through it which gives the normal DE to the curve
Thus the ellipse was constructed using Eccentricity method and tangent and norm
14.
were drawn

Draw the locus of a point P moving so that the ratio of its distance from a fixed poi
Problem No : 3 F to its distance from a fixed straight line DD’ is 3/4. Point F is at a distance of 35 mm
(1.1) from DD’. Draw the tangent and a normal to the curve at any point on it.
Solution Steps Procedure
Given data and conditions :
1. - Distance between the Focus and directrix is 35mm
- Eccentricity is 3/4
2. The Ellipse can be constructed by Eccentricity method.
Draw a vertical line indicating the Directrix DD’ and draw a horizontal line
3. perpendicular to the directrix indicating the axis using 2H pencil. Mark the
intersection point as A
Mark the Focus F on the axis line at a distance of 35mm from the directrix . Divid
4. the length AF into 7 equal parts ( it is nothing but the sum of numerator and
denominator in eccentricity value ) .
5. Mark the vertex V by taking 3 parts from focus F such that VF / AF = 3 / 4
From V draw a vertical line using 2H pencil and mark P above on it such that V
6.
VF . Similarly mark Q below the line such that VQ = VF
Then draw a line from A passing through P at any convenient distance and simila
7.
draw a line from A passing through Q at any convenient distance .( using 2H pen
From V take any convenient distance on the axis and name it as 1 and draw a
8. vertical line from 1 which intersects the inclined line AP and AQ using 2H pencil. T
intersection point is named 1’ above and 1’’ below the axis .
Now with F as center and 11’ as radius draw an arc above and below the vertical
9.
drawn . Name the points as P1 and Q1 above and below the axis
Similarly take another point 2 on the axis of same distance and draw vertical line
from 2 and mark it as 2’ and 2’’ above and below the axis . Then with F as center
10.
radius equal to 22’ draw arc above and below the vertical line . Name the points a
P2 and Q2
11. Repeat the above steps by marking 3, 4 , 5, ……. and draw vertical lines and ma
the arcs P3 P4 P5....................Q3 , Q4 , Q5…………….
 Join all the points by smooth curve to get the required ellipse which is a closed
curve
12. Note : While drawing the curve first light free hand curve is drawn through the
known points using 2H pencil and then neat dark curve is drawn finally with the he
of French curve using H pencil
The tangent and normal can be drawn as follows
- Mark any point X on the curve and join the point X with focus F
- Draw a line from F at angle of 90˚ to intersect the directrix at B using 2
pencil
13.
- From B draw a line passing through X using H pencil which gives the
tangent BC to the ellipse
- From X draw another line perpendicular to it using H pencil and pass
through it which gives the normal DE to the curve
Thus the ellipse was constructed using Eccentricity method and tangent and norm
14.
were drawn

CONSTRUCTION OF PARABOLA

A fixed point is 50 mm from a fixed straight line. Draw the locus of a point moving i
Problem No : 4 such a way that its distance from the fixed straight line is equal to its distance from
(1.4) the fixed point. Name the curve. Draw a tangent and a normal at any point on it.
Solution Steps Procedure
Given data and conditions :
- Distance between the Fixed point and fixed straight line i.e., focu
1. and directrix is 50mm
- Distance from the fixed straight line is equal to its distance from t
fixed point.
Since it is given that the distance from the fixed straight line is equal to its
2. distance from the fixed point the curve obtained is a PARABOLA
The Parabola can be constructed by Eccentricity method
Draw a vertical line indicating the Directrix DD’ and draw a horizontal line
3. perpendicular to the directrix indicating the axis using 2H pencil. Mark the
intersection point as A
4. Mark the Focus F on the axis line at a distance of 50mm from the directrix . Divid
the length AF into 2 equal parts ( since for Parabola the eccentricity is equal to 1
 5. Mark the vertex V in between A and focus F such that VF = AV
From V draw a vertical line using 2H pencil and mark P above on it such that V
6.
VF . Similarly mark Q below the line such that VQ = VF
Then draw a line from A passing through P at any convenient distance and simila
7.
draw a line from A passing through Q at any convenient distance .( using 2H pen
From V take any convenient distance on the axis and name it as 1 and draw a
8. vertical line from 1 which intersects the inclined line AP and AQ using 2H pencil. T
intersection point is named 1’ above and 1’’ below the axis .
Now with F as center and 11’ as radius draw an arc above and below the vertical
9.
drawn . Name the points as P1 and Q1 above and below the axis
Similarly take another point 2 on the axis of same distance and draw vertical line
from 2 and mark it as 2’ and 2’’ above and below the axis . Then with F as center
10.
radius equal to 22’ draw arc above and below the vertical line . Name the points a
P2 and Q2
Repeat the above steps by marking 3, 4 , 5, ……. and draw vertical lines and ma
11.
the arcs P3 P4 P5....................Q3 , Q4 , Q5…………….
Join all the points by smooth curve to get the required parabola
Note : While drawing the curve first light free hand curve is drawn through the
12.
known points using 2H pencil and then neat dark curve is drawn finally with the he
of French curve using H pencil
The tangent and normal can be drawn as follows
- Mark any point X on the curve and join the point X with focus F
- Draw a line from F at angle of 90˚ to intersect the directrix at B using 2
pencil
13.
- From B draw a line passing through X using H pencil which gives the
tangent BC to the ellipse
- From X draw another line perpendicular to it using H pencil and pass
through it which gives the normal DE to the curve
Thus the parabola was constructed using Eccentricity method and tangent and
14.
normal were drawn

The focus of a conic is 60 mm from the directrix. Draw the locus of a point `P' movin
Problem No : 5 in such a way that its distance from the directrix is equal to its distance from the
(1.11) focus. Name the curve. Draw a tangent to the curve at a point 60 mm from the
directrix.
Solution Steps Procedure
Given data and conditions :
- Distance between the Fixed point and fixed straight line i.e., focu
1. and directrix is 60mm
- Distance from the fixed straight line is equal to its distance from t
fixed point.
Since it is given that the distance from the fixed straight line is equal to its
2. distance from the fixed point the curve obtained is a PARABOLA
The Parabola can be constructed by Eccentricity method
3. Draw a vertical line indicating the Directrix DD’ and draw a horizontal line
perpendicular to the directrix indicating the axis using 2H pencil. Mark the
intersection point as A
 Mark the Focus F on the axis line at a distance of 60mm from the directrix . Divid
4.
the length AF into 2 equal parts ( since for Parabola the eccentricity is equal to 1
5. Mark the vertex V in between A and focus F such that VF = AV
From V draw a vertical line using 2H pencil and mark P above on it such that V
6.
VF . Similarly mark Q below the line such that VQ = VF
Then draw a line from A passing through P at any convenient distance and simila
7.
draw a line from A passing through Q at any convenient distance .( using 2H pen
From V take any convenient distance on the axis and name it as 1 and draw a
8. vertical line from 1 which intersects the inclined line AP and AQ using 2H pencil. T
intersection point is named 1’ above and 1’’ below the axis .
Now with F as center and 11’ as radius draw an arc above and below the vertical
9.
drawn . Name the points as P1 and Q1 above and below the axis
Similarly take another point 2 on the axis of same distance and draw vertical line
from 2 and mark it as 2’ and 2’’ above and below the axis . Then with F as center
10.
radius equal to 22’ draw arc above and below the vertical line . Name the points a
P2 and Q2
Repeat the above steps by marking 3, 4 , 5, ……. and draw vertical lines and ma
11.
the arcs P3 P4 P5....................Q3 , Q4 , Q5…………….
Join all the points by smooth curve to get the required parabola
Note : While drawing the curve first light free hand curve is drawn through the
12.
known points using 2H pencil and then neat dark curve is drawn finally with the he
of French curve using H pencil
The tangent and normal can be drawn as follows
- From directrix take a distance 60mm and mark point X on the curve an
join the point X with focus F
- Draw a line from F at angle of 90˚ to intersect the directrix at B using 2
13. pencil
- From B draw a line passing through X using H pencil which gives the
tangent BC to the ellipse
- From X draw another line perpendicular to it using H pencil and pass
through it which gives the normal DE to the curve
Thus the Parabola was constructed using Eccentricity method and tangent and no
14.
were drawn

Construct a parabola with base 60 mm and length of the axis 40 mm. Draw the
Problem No : 6 tangent to the curve at a point 20 mm from the base. Locate the focus and directrix
(1.9) to the parabola.
Solution Steps Procedure
Given data and conditions :
1. - Base of the parabola = 60mm
- Length of the axis = 40mm
In this problem the length of the base and length of the axis is given . Hence we c
2.
draw the parabola using Rectangle method .
Draw a rectangle PQRS of length PQ = 60mm and Breadth QR = 40mm using 2H
3.
pencil .
Mark the midpoint X on RS and Y on PQ . Draw the line i.e., axis passing throug
4.
X and Y and extend beyond the points
5. Now divide PY into five equal parts and mark a , b , c, d and e from P . Also divid
PS into five equal parts and mark a’ , b’ ….. e’ from P
 Draw vertical line from a , b, ……e and also draw lines joining X with a’ , b’ , c’
6.
and e ‘ to get the intersection points M1 , M2 , M3 and M4
Similarly divide QY into five equal parts and mark a 1 , b1 , c1, d1 and e1 from Q .
7.
divide QR into five equal parts and mark a 1’ , b1’ ….. e1’ from Q
Then vertical line from a1 , b1, ……e1 and also draw lines joining X with a1’ , b1’
8.
, d1’ and e1 ‘ to get the intersection points N1 , N2 , N3 and N4
Join all the points i.e, M1 , M2 , M3 , M4 and also N1 , N2 , N3 , N4 by smooth cu
to get the required parabola
9. Note : While drawing the curve first light free hand curve is drawn through the
known points using 2H pencil and then neat dark curve is drawn finally with the he
of French curve using H pencil
The Focus and directix can be located as follows :
- Mark a point 1 on the axis at any distance and draw a line perpendic
to axis such that the length of the line is equal to twice of the distance
and name the point as 2
10. - Join 2 with X to get a point 3 on the curve
- Draw a line from 3 parallel to 12 to the axis line to get the focus F
- Measure the distance FX and mark the same distance above the curve
get 4
- From 4 draw a horizontal line parallel to RS which is the directrix
The tangent and normal can be drawn as follows
- From the base take a distance 20mm and mark point W on the curve a
join the point W with focus F
- Draw a line from F at angle of 90˚ to intersect the directrix at U using
11. pencil
- From U draw a line passing through W using H pencil which gives the
tangent UW to the parabola
- From W draw another line perpendicular to it using H pencil and pas
through it which gives the normal WZ to the curve
Thus the Parabola was constructed using Rectangle method and tangent and no
12.
were drawn

Construct a hyperbola when the distance between the focus and the directrix is 40
Problem No : 7 mm and the eccentricity is 4/3. Draw a tangent and normal at any point on the
(1.12) hyperbola.
Solution Steps Procedure
1. Given data and conditions :
2. - Distance between the Focus and directix is 40mm
3. - Eccentricity is 4/3
4.
 5. The Hyperbola can be constructed by Eccentricity method.
6. Draw a vertical line indicating the Directrix DD’ and draw a horizontal line
7. perpendicular to the directrix indicating the axis using 2H pencil. Mark the
8. intersection point as A
9. Mark the Focus F on the axis line at a distance of 40mm from the directrix
10. Divide the length AF into 7 equal parts ( it is nothing but the sum of
11. numerator and denominator in eccentricity value ) .
12.
Mark the vertex V by taking 3 parts from focus F such that VF / AF = 4 /3
13.
From V draw a vertical line using 2H pencil and mark P above on it such
that VP = VF . Similarly mark Q below the line such that VQ = VF
Then draw a line from A passing through P at any convenient distance an
similarly draw a line from A passing through Q at any convenient distance
( using 2H pencil)
From V take any convenient distance on the axis and name it as 1 and dra
a vertical line from 1 which intersects the inclined line AP and AQ using 2H
pencil. The intersection point is named 1’ above and 1’’ below the axis .
Now with F as center and 11’ as radius draw an arc above and below the
vertical line drawn . Name the points as P1 and Q1 above and below the axis
Similarly take another point 2 on the axis of same distance and draw vertic
line from 2 and mark it as 2’ and 2’’ above and below the axis . Then with F
center and radius equal to 22’ draw arc above and below the vertical line .
Name the points as P2 and Q2
Repeat the above steps by marking 3, 4 , 5, ……. and draw vertical lines a
14. mark the arcs P3 P4 P5....................Q3 , Q4 , Q5…………….
Join all the points by smooth curve to get the required hyperbola
Note : While drawing the curve first light free hand curve is drawn throug
the known points using 2H pencil and then neat dark curve is drawn finally
with the help of French curve using H pencil
The tangent and normal can be drawn as follows
- Mark a point X on the curve and join the point X with focus F
- Draw a line from F at angle of 90˚ to intersect the directrix at B
using 2H pencil
- From B draw a line passing through X using H pencil which give
the tangent BC to the ellipse
- From X draw another line perpendicular to it using H pencil and
passing through it which gives the normal DE to the curve
Thus the Hyperbola was constructed using Eccentricity method and tangen
and normal were drawn
CONSTRUCTION OF HYPERBOLA

Draw a hyperbola when the distance between its focus and directrix is 50 mm and
Problem No : 8
eccentricity is 3/2. Also draw the tangent and normal at a point 25 mm from the
 (1.13) directrix.

Steps Procedure
Given data and conditions :
1. - Distance between the Focus and directix is 50mm
- Eccentricity is 3/2
2. The Hyperbola can be constructed by Eccentricity method.
Draw a vertical line indicating the Directrix DD’ and draw a horizontal line
3. perpendicular to the directrix indicating the axis using 2H pencil. Mark the
intersection point as A
Mark the Focus F on the axis line at a distance of 50mm from the directrix . Divid
4. the length AF into 5 equal parts ( it is nothing but the sum of numerator and
denominator in eccentricity value ) .
5. Mark the vertex V by taking 2 parts from focus F such that VF / AF = 2 /3
From V draw a vertical line using 2H pencil and mark P above on it such that V
6.
VF . Similarly mark Q below the line such that VQ = VF
Then draw a line from A passing through P at any convenient distance and simila
7.
draw a line from A passing through Q at any convenient distance .( using 2H pen
From V take any convenient distance on the axis and name it as 1 and draw a
8. vertical line from 1 which intersects the inclined line AP and AQ using 2H pencil. T
intersection point is named 1’ above and 1’’ below the axis .
Now with F as center and 11’ as radius draw an arc above and below the vertical
9.
drawn . Name the points as P1 and Q1 above and below the axis
Solution
Similarly take another point 2 on the axis of same distance and draw vertical line
from 2 and mark it as 2’ and 2’’ above and below the axis . Then with F as center
10.
radius equal to 22’ draw arc above and below the vertical line . Name the points a
P2 and Q2
Repeat the above steps by marking 3, 4 , 5, ……. and draw vertical lines and ma
11.
the arcs P3 P4 P5....................Q3 , Q4 , Q5…………….
Join all the points by smooth curve to get the required hyperbola
Note : While drawing the curve first light free hand curve is drawn through the
12.
known points using 2H pencil and then neat dark curve is drawn finally with the he
of French curve using H pencil
The tangent and normal can be drawn as follows
- From directrix take a distance 25mm and mark point X on the curve an
join the point X with focus F
- Draw a line from F at angle of 90˚ to intersect the directrix at B using 2
13. pencil
- From B draw a line passing through X using H pencil which gives the
tangent BC to the ellipse
- From X draw another line perpendicular to it using H pencil and pass
through it which gives the normal DE to the curve
Thus the Hyperbola was constructed using Eccentricity method and tangent and
14.
normal were drawn
Problem No : 9 The vertex of the hyperbola is 65 mm from its focus. Draw the curve if the
(1.5) eccentricity is 3/2. Draw also the tangent and the normal at any point on the curve
Steps Procedure
Given data and conditions :
1. - Distance between the Focus and vertex is 65mm
- Eccentricity is 3/2
In this problem the distance between the Focus and vertex is given . For the
construction of hyperbola we need the distance between the directrix and vertex .
2.
Hence we have to calculate the distance as
Distance between the directrix and vertex = 65 X (3/2) = 97.5
3. The Hyperbola can be constructed by Eccentricity method.
Draw a vertical line indicating the Directrix DD’ and draw a horizontal line
4. perpendicular to the directrix indicating the axis using 2H pencil. Mark the
intersection point as A
Mark the Vertex V at a distance of 97.5mm from the directrix and mark Focus F
5.
the axis line at a distance of 65mm from the vertex .
From V draw a vertical line using 2H pencil and mark P above on it such that V
6.
VF . Similarly mark Q below the line such that VQ = VF
Then draw a line from A passing through P at any convenient distance and simila
7.
draw a line from A passing through Q at any convenient distance .( using 2H pen
From V take any convenient distance on the axis and name it as 1 and draw a
8. vertical line from 1 which intersects the inclined line AP and AQ using 2H pencil. T
intersection point is named 1’ above and 1’’ below the axis .
Solution Now with F as center and 11’ as radius draw an arc above and below the vertical
9.
drawn . Name the points as P1 and Q1 above and below the axis
Similarly take another point 2 on the axis of same distance and draw vertical line
from 2 and mark it as 2’ and 2’’ above and below the axis . Then with F as center
10.
radius equal to 22’ draw arc above and below the vertical line . Name the points a
P2 and Q2
Repeat the above steps by marking 3, 4 , 5, ……. and draw vertical lines and ma
11.
the arcs P3 P4 P5....................Q3 , Q4 , Q5…………….
Join all the points by smooth curve to get the required hyperbola
Note : While drawing the curve first light free hand curve is drawn through the
12.
known points using 2H pencil and then neat dark curve is drawn finally with the he
of French curve using H pencil
The tangent and normal can be drawn as follows
- Mark any point X on the curve and join the point X with focus F
- Draw a line from F at angle of 90˚ to intersect the directrix at B using 2
pencil
13.
- From B draw a line passing through X using H pencil which gives the
tangent BC to the ellipse
- From X draw another line perpendicular to it using H pencil and pass
through it which gives the normal DE to the curve
Thus the Hyperbola was constructed using Eccentricity method and tangent and
14.
normal were drawn