Hydraulic

1. What is hydraulic?

Hydraulics is the transmission and control of forces and motion by fluids.

2. Draw the block diagram of energy conversion in hydraulic system.

Electrical Hydraulic Hydraulic Mechanical

Energy energy energy energy

Hydraulic
Electric motor Hydr. pump control Hydr. motor Tool
equipment

Working elements Control elements Power Supply

- Cylinder - Directional Control Valves - Motor
- Hydraulic Motor - Flow control valves - Pump
- Pressure control valves - Pressure relief valve
- Tank
Hydraulic pumps with fixed displacement

With one flow direction  With two flow direction 

Hydraulic motors with fixed displacement

With single direction of rotation With two direction of rotation  

Single acting cylinders

Return by external force with spring return

Double acting cylinders

end position cushioning at both ends

1 
 
Directional control valve

Methods of actuation

general symbol with spring return and bleed port

by push button with spring return

by lever

by lever with detent setting

by pedal and spring return

by stem or push button

by spring

by roller stem

2 
 
Flow control valve

Throttle

Orifice

Pressure valve

set adjustable

Pressure relief valve Pressure regulator

Non-return valve

spring loaded unloaded

Shut-off valve and pilot-controlled non-return valve

shut-off valve pilot-controlled non-return valve

Hydraulic power pack

reservoir (tank) filter pressure gauge electric motor

3 
 
Dirctional control valve

 Normal position: P to A closed

 Actuated position: Flow from P to A

4