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Federalists in Power
Federalists adhered to a British notion of social hierarchy
Federalists did not, at first, compose a political party, but held certain share assumptions
o Believed political participation was linked to property rights, which barred many
citizens from voting or holding office
o Believed the Revolution hadn’t changed the traditional social roles between
women and men, or between races
o Believed women, blacks and natives were secondary to white male citizens
o Feared equality, and felt it would destroy the republic
Architects of the Constitution were committed to leading the new republic
In 1789, Congress passed the Judiciary Act, creating a Supreme Court of six justices
headed by those who were committed to the new national government
Tariff Act passed in 1789 which was intended to raise revenue to address the country’s
economic problems
Passed the fifty-cent-per-ton duty on foreign ships coming into America ports, a move
designed to give commercial advantage to American ships and goods
Defining Citizenship
179- Naturalization Act defined citizenship in stark racial terms
An immigrant had to be a “free white citizen” of good character
o This laid the foundation for the US as a republic of white men
Citizenship included the right to vote
o However, this only included male property owners or taxpayers
o Not available to women
Partisan Acrimony
Controversy was imminent during President Adam’s reign of many Federalists serving as
judicial appointments; Jefferson refused to have Federalist justices
Judicial review granted the Supreme Court asserted power to review the actions of
Congress and the president