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exercise increases protein PGC-1α1 in skeletal (the forests of God and Goddesses). These patches
muscles. The study found that mice with high of forest or parts of large forests have been left
levels of PGC-1α1 also had a high level of an untouched by the local people and any interference
enzyme called KAT. This enzyme converted with them is banned. Certain societies revere a
kynurenine into kynurenic acid, which is not able particular tree which they have preserved from
to pass from the blood to the brain, protecting the time immemorial. The Mundas and the Santhal of
brain from stress. Source – Down To Earth. Chhota Nagpur region worship mahua (Bassia
latifolia) and kadamba (Anthocaphalus cadamba)
For associated diseases:
trees, and the tribals of Orissa and Bihar worship
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kynurenine
the tamarind (Tamarindus indica) and mango
(Mangifera indica) trees during weddings. To
many of us, peepal and banyan trees are
5. Solution: a) considered sacred.
16. Solution: b)
http://thestudyofearth.blogspot.in/2012/03/plant
ation-agriculture.html
17. Solution: d)
Many of them are shepherds and live a semi- Just as we need food for development, growth and
nomadic lifestyle (transhumance)- having hill or well-being, plants also require nutrients for growth.
Nutrients are supplied to plants by air, water and
mountains' feet villages where they live in winter,
soil. There are sixteen nutrients which are essential
for plants. Air supplies carbon and oxygen,
hydrogen comes from water, and soil supplies the Indian. Khadi, white and coarse, was to him a sign
other thirteen nutrients to plants. Amongst these of purity, of simplicity, and of poverty. Wearing it
thirteen nutrients, six are required in large became also a symbol of nationalism, a rejection of
quantities and are therefore called macronutrients. Western mill- made cloth.
The other seven nutrients are used by plants in
small quantities and are therefore called micro-
nutrients 26. Solution: d)
27. Solution: a)
Strategic Goal D: Enhance the benefits to all from production and consumption and have
biodiversity and ecosystem services kept the impacts of use of natural resources
Strategic Goal E: Enhance implementation well within safe ecological limits.
through participatory planning, knowledge
management and capacity building Strategic Goal B: Reduce the direct pressures on
biodiversity and promote sustainable use
Target 9
Target 4
By 2020, invasive alien species and
By 2020, at the latest, Governments,
pathways are identified and prioritized,
business and stakeholders at all levels have
priority species are controlled or
taken steps to achieve or have
eradicated, and measures are in place to
implemented plans for sustainable
manage pathways to prevent their
introduction and establishment. Strategic Goal D: Enhance the benefits to all from
biodiversity and ecosystem services
Target 10
By 2015, the multiple anthropogenic Target 14
pressures on coral reefs, and other By 2020, ecosystems that provide essential
vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate services, including services related to
change or ocean acidification are water, and contribute to health, livelihoods
minimized, so as to maintain their integrity and well-being, are restored and
and functioning. safeguarded, taking into account the needs
of women, indigenous and local
Strategic Goal C: To improve the status of communities, and the poor and vulnerable.
biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species
and genetic diversity Target 15
By 2020, ecosystem resilience and the
Target 11 contribution of biodiversity to carbon
By 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial stocks has been enhanced, through
and inland water, and 10 per cent of conservation and restoration, including
coastal and marine areas, especially areas restoration of at least 15 per cent of
of particular importance for biodiversity degraded ecosystems, thereby contributing
and ecosystem services, are conserved to climate change mitigation and
through effectively and equitably adaptation and to combating
managed, ecologically representative and desertification.
well connected systems of protected areas
and other effective area-based conservation Target 16
measures, and integrated into the wider By 2015, the Nagoya Protocol on Access to
landscapes and seascapes. Genetic Resources and the Fair and
Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from
Target 12 their Utilization is in force and operational,
By 2020 the extinction of known threatened consistent with national legislation.
species has been prevented and their
conservation status, particularly of those Strategic Goal E: Enhance implementation
most in decline, has been improved and through participatory planning, knowledge
sustained. management and capacity building
Target 13 Target 17
By 2020, the genetic diversity of cultivated By 2015 each Party has developed, adopted
plants and farmed and domesticated as a policy instrument, and has
animals and of wild relatives, including commenced implementing an effective,
other socio-economically as well as participatory and updated national
culturally valuable species, is maintained, biodiversity strategy and action plan.
and strategies have been developed and
implemented for minimizing genetic Target 18
erosion and safeguarding their genetic By 2020, the traditional knowledge,
diversity. innovations and practices of indigenous
and local communities relevant for the
conservation and sustainable use of uniform and even a symbol of defiance. For
biodiversity, and their customary use of example, the Gwalior state tried to prohibit its use
biological resources, are respected, subject in 1921 during the non co-operation movement.
to national legislation and relevant During the Khilafat movement the cap was worn
international obligations, and fully
by large numbers of Hindus and Muslims. A group
integrated and reflected in the
of Santhals who attacked the police in 1922 in
implementation of the Convention with the
full and effective participation of Bengal demanding the release of Santhal prisoners
indigenous and local communities, at all believed that the Gandhi cap would protect them
relevant levels. from bullets: three of them died as a result.
bleaching event, but they are under more stress and 42. Solution: d)
are subject to mortality. For more:
http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/coral_bleach.h Large reserves of natural gas have been discovered
tml in the Krishna- Godavari basin. Along the west
coast the reserves of the Mumbai High and allied
37. Solution: c) fields are supplemented by finds in the Gulf of
Cambay. Andaman and Nicobar islands are also
Most of the petroleum occurrences in India are
important areas having large reserves of natural
associated with anticlines and fault traps in the
gas.
rock formations of the tertiary age. In regions of
folding, anticlines or domes, it occurs where oil is Also refer to
trapped in the crest of the upfold. The oil bearing http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resources_
layer is a porous limestone or sandstone through of_India#Oil
which oil may flow. The oil is prevented from
rising or sinking by intervening non-porous layers.
Petroleum is also found in fault trap between 43. Solution: d)
porous and non-porous rocks. Gas, being lighter
usually occurs above the oil. The British were worried that the use of forests by
local people and the reckless felling of trees by
38. Solution: d) traders would destroy forests. So they decided to
invite a German expert, Dietrich Brandis, for
Refer
advice, and made him the first Inspector General of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestone#Uses
Forests in India.
In scientific forestry, natural forests which had lots cause the rock surface to powder down and form a
of different types of trees were cut down. In their thin layer of soil. Other small plants like moss, are
place, one type of tree was planted in straight rows. able to grow on this surface now and they cause the
This is called a plantation. Forest officials surveyed rock to break up further. The roots of big trees
the forests, estimated the area under different types sometimes go into cracks in the rocks and as the
of trees, and made working plans for forest roots grow bigger, the crack is forced bigger.
management. They planned how muchof the
plantation area to cut every year. The area cut was
then to be replanted so that it was ready to be cut 46. Solution: d)
again in some years.
The warm and humid tropical regions of the earth,
After the Forest Act was enacted in 1865, it was between the tropic of Cancer and the tropic of
amended twice, once in 1878 and then in 1927. The Capricorn, are rich in diversity of plant and animal
1878 Act divided forests into three categories: life. This is called the region of megadiversity. Of
reserved, protected and village forests. The best the biodiversity of the planet, more than half is
forests were called ‗reserved forests‘. Villagers concentrated in a few countries – Brazil, Colombia,
could not take anything from these forests, even for Ecuador, Peru, Mexico, Zaire, Madagascar,
their own use. For house building or fuel, they Australia, China, India, Indonesia and Malaysia.
could take wood from protected or village forests.
47. Solution: c)
44. Solution: c)
RESEARCHERS DID not consider climate change
Waterways are the cheapest means of transport. to be a factor in formation of tornadoes because
They are most suitable for carrying heavy and there was no pattern to link the two. But an
bulky goods. It is a fuel-efficient and environment analysis of records on tornadoes in the US between
friendly mode of transport. India has inland 1954 and 2013 has found that there has been a
navigation waterways of 14,500 km in length. Out consistent decrease in the number of days
of these only 3,700 km are navigable by mechanised witnessing at least one tornado, while the number
boats. of days having multiple tornadoes has increased.
Whereas the Indian coastline is some 7400 kms. 95 Though tornadoes are forming on fewer days (187
per cent of the country‘s trade volume (68 per cent tornado days in 1971 against 79 in 2013), the
in terms of value) is moved by sea. severity and frequency of the number of tornadoes
formed in one particular day has increased. There
were 1,700 in 2011 and 2014 has already seen 189.
Source: Down to Earth
45. Solution: a)
A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that
Living organisms also influence the formation of
is in contact with both the surface of the earth and
soil. The lichen grows on the surface of rocks.
a cumulonimbus cloudor, in rare cases, the base of
While growing, they release certain substances that
http://insightsonindia.com INSIGHTS Page 12
INSIGHTS MOCK TEST SERIES 2015: TEST – 4 SOLUTIONS
a cumulus cloud. They are often referred to of the Earth where they may damage many forms
as twisters or cyclones, although the of life.
wordcyclone is used in meteorology, in a wider
sense, to name any closed low pressure circulation. 50. Solution: c)
51. Solution: d)
desirable characters into crop varieties is by Green manure: Prior to the sowing of the crop
hybridisation. Hybridisation refers to crossing seeds, some plants like sun hemp or guar are
between genetically dissimilar plants. This crossing grown and then mulched by ploughing them into
may be intervarietal (between different varieties), the soil. These green plants thus turn into green
interspecific (between two different species of the manure which helps in enriching the soil in
same genus) or intergeneric (between different nitrogen and phosphorus.
genera). Another way of improving the crop is by
introducing a gene that would provide the desired
characteristic. This results in genetically modified
crops.
It is considered a practice in organic farming.
52. Solution: c)
53. Solution: d)
Higher per capita income does not necessarily Health and nutritional status of people of such
translate into better health or education indicators states is certainly likely to be better.
and vice versa. The availability and accessibility of
public services like health and education should
also be there. 54. Solution: a)
Kerala has a low Infant Mortality Rate because it Habitat destruction, hunting, poaching, over-
has adequate provision of basic health and exploitation, environmental pollution, poisoning
educational facilities. Similarly, in some states, the and forest fires are factors, which have led to the
Public Distribution System (PDS) functions well. decline in India‘s biodiversity. Other important
causes of environmental destruction are unequal
access, inequitable consumption of resources and lower entry barriers for employees, a higher
differential sharing of responsibility for proportion of migrants with a lower rate of
environmental well-being. compensation. Employees of enterprises belonging
to the unorganised sector have lower job security
and poorer chances of growth, and no leaves and
55. Solution: c) paid holidays, they have lower protection against
employers indulging in unfair or illegal practices.
Intermediary goods are used to make final goods. If
the value of intermediary goods are counted along
with final goods, it will be double counting.
58. Solution: c)
Refer to http://gradestack.com/CBSE-Class-
56. Solution: d) 10th/Organised-and-Unorganised-Sectors/15078-
3004-4121-study-wtw
Refer to http://www.mgnrega.co.in/
You can also view more about the scheme and its
performance analysis. 59. Solution: a)
61. Solution: b)
compete with cheap British goods that had flooded see if they could be preventing you from getting
the market. pregnant. Women who begin to display masculine
physical features (such as increased body hair or a
deepening voice) would also have their androgen
64. Solutions: d) levels checked. You would also have your
androgen levels checked if your fertility doctor
The Androgen test is the latest means adopted by suspects you have polycystic ovary syndrome
the International Association of Athletics (PCOS).
Federation (IAAF) to weed out what it believes are
male interlopers in women‘s sporting competitions. When Are Androgen Levels Checked?
Adopted in 2011 by IAAF and ratified by the Androgen can be checked at any time of the
International Olympic Committee a year later, the menstrual cycle. Levels are stable across the cycle.
tests use testosterone levels to decide whether an They can also be checked at any time in men.
athlete is feminine enough to take part in women‘s
competitions. An athlete can compete in this What Do Androgen Levels Mean?
category only if her testosterone levels are below
Androgen tests are done to find out the level of
the normal male range— a little over 3 ng/ml.
different androgens in your blood. A testosterone
What Are Androgens? test is most common. You may also have your
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) level
Androgens are typically thought of as male checked if you have symptoms that warrant it.
hormones, but they also play an important role in Your fertility doctor will make this decision with
women. In men, androgens support sperm you.
production and the development of male
secondary sex characteristics. Women produce Almost all women who have elevated androgen
androgens in their ovaries and adrenal cortex. levels have an underlying cause that can be
Almost all of the androgens a woman makes are identified. Approximately 80 to 90 percent of
immediately converted into estrogen. Estrogen women with high androgen levels have PCOS.
promotes the development of female secondary sex Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Cushing
characteristics. It is also involved in thickening the syndrome, and tumors on the ovaries or adrenal
endometrium and regulating the menstrual cycle. glands are all rare but possible causes of increased
The androgens that are not converted into estrogen androgen levels.
play a role in sex drive and slowing bone loss.
77. Solution: a)
79. Solution: b)
82. Solutions: a)
to deliver deodorants, paints, and other Although the main sources of exposure to lead are
consumer products in sprays; ingesting paint chips and inhaling dust.
Aerosol spray
Electrospray
84. Solution: d)
Also refer to
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugation#Oth
er_applications
85. Solution: a)
88. Solution: d)
http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/201
4-07-23/news/51932083_1_crude-oil-imports-oil-
minister-dharmendra-pradhan-gas-production
93. Solution: d)
Salinity can decrease from the melting of polar ice increases their vulnerability to infection,
or increase from the freezing of polar ice. birth defects, and impaired development.
Evaporation increases salinity and density while People suffering from hidden hunger have
the addition of freshwater decreases salinity and diets that are deficient in micronutrients.
density. They habitually eat large amounts of staple
food crops (such as maize, wheat, and rice)
94. Solution: c) that are high in calories but lack sufficient
http://www.wildlifeindia.co.uk/birding- micronutrients, and low amounts of foods
india/indian-wildlife-species.html that are rich in micronutrients such as fruits,
vegetables, and animal and fish products.
People suffering from hidden hunger are
often too poor to be able to afford foods that
95. Solution: a)
are more nutritious, or otherwise lack access
Self-explanatory. The more water vapour is there is to these foods.
in the surrounding area of the cloth, the more
saturated the air around it will be. If air is more
saturated, there can not be more evaporation. 97. Solution: a)
Hence, wind helps.
The particles gain energy from your palm or
96. Solution: a) surroundings and evaporate causing the palm to
feel cool. After a hot sunny day, people sprinkle
Hidden hunger, or micronutrient deficiency, is a
water on the roof or open ground because the large
major public health problem in developing
latent heat of vaporisation of water helps to cool
countries caused by a lack of essential vitamins and
the hot surface.
minerals (e.g. vitamin A, zinc, iron, iodine) in the
diet. Often, the signs of this form of malnutrition 98. Solution: a)
are ‗hidden‘, as individuals may ‗look alright‘ but
suffer extremely negative impacts on health and Option B is called disguised unemployment where
well‐being. For example, children may be stunted, people seem to be employed but they are not
have poor night vision or suffer frequently from actually required on the job. In underemployment,
illness. Adults, too, may succumb more frequently irrespective of whether more or less people are
to illness and fatigue easily. employed, their productivity will always be below
normal.
Hidden hunger can lead to illness,
blindness, premature death, reduced
productivity, and impaired mental
99. Solution: a)
development, particularly among women
and children in developing countries. A desert cooler cools better on a hot dry day
1 out of 3 people in developing countries because on a hot dry day temperature is high and
suffers from hidden hunger, which humidity is less which helps in better evaporation.
100. Solution: b)
INSTRUCTIONS
1. IMMEDITELY AFTER THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE EXAMINATION, YOU SHOULD
CHECK THAT THIS TEST BOOKLET DOES NOT HAVE ANY UNPRINTED OR TORN OR MISSING
PAGES OR ITEMS, ETC. IF SO, GET IT REPLACED BY A COMPLETE TEST BOOKLET.
2. You have to enter your Roll Number on the Test
Booklet in the Box provided alongside. DO NOT
Write anything else on the Test Booklet.
4. This Test Booklet contains 200 items (questions). Each item is printed only in English. Each item
comprises four responses (answers). You will select the response which you want to mark on the
Answer Sheet. In case you feel that there is more than one correct response, mark the response which
you consider the best. In any case, choose ONLY ONE response for each item.
5. You have to mark all your responses ONLY on the separate Answer Sheet provided. See directions in
the Answer Sheet.
6. All items carry equal marks.
7. Before you proceed to mark in the Answer Sheet the response to various items in the Test Booklet, you
have to fill in some particulars in the Answer Sheet as per instructions sent to you with your
Admission Certificate.
8. After you have completed filling in all your responses on the Answer Sheet and the examination has
concluded, you should hand over to the Invigilator only the Answer Sheet. You are permitted to take
away with you the Test Booklet.
9. Sheets for rough work are appended in the Test Booklet at the end.
10. Penalty for wrong answers :
THERE WILL BE PENALTY FOR WRONG ANSWERS MARKED BY A CANDIDATE IN THE
OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTION PAPERS.
(i) There are four alternatives for the answer to every question. For each question for which a
wrong answer has been given by the candidate, one-third of the marks assigned to that
question will be deducted as penalty.
(ii) If a candidate gives more than one answer, it will be treated as a wrong answer even if one of
the given answers happens to be correct and there will be same penalty as above to that
question.
(iii) If a question is left blank, i.e., no answer is given by the candidate, there will be no penalty
for that question.
http://insightsonindia.com
INSIGHTS ON INDIA MOCK TEST SERIES FOR CIVIL SERVICES PRELIMINARY EXAM 2015
Which of the above statements is/are correct? 17. Manganese nodules, a type of sediment
spread on the sea floor, has come recently in
a) 1 Only
interest because of its abundance. It consists
b) 2 Only
of which of the following other than
c) Both
manganese?
d) None
1. Nickel
2. Iron
3. Cobalt
14. Generally pulses are grown in rotation with
other crops. This is because Choose the correct answer using the coded below:
a) pulses take less nutrients from soil and
a) 1 and 2
so the next crop can utilize nutrients
b) 2 and 3
better from the soil
c) 1 and 3
b) pulses are leguminous crops and hence
d) All of the above
help in restoring soil fertility.
c) water requirement for pulses is lower as
compared to other crops and hence it
helps in conserving soil moisture for the
next season of cropping
d) Both (b) and (c) 18. Which of the following factors have
negatively affected the water quality of the
rivers in India?
1. Population growth
2. Agricultural modernization
3. Urbanization and Industrialization
http://insightsonindia.com INSIGHTS Page 5
Choose the correct answer using the coded below:
a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 3 22. Which of the following
d) All of the above applications/devices/phenomenon use the
multiple reflection property of the sound?
1. Megaphones
2. Stethoscope
19. The sparkle in toothpastes come from 3. Sound effects in cinema theatres
a) Mica
b) Fluoride Choose the correct answer using the coded below:
c) limestone
d) Silica a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
20. The Gaddi shepherds, who practice c) 1 and 3
transhumance and live a semi-nomadic life, d) All of the above
are mainly NOT found in which of the
following states? 23. Which of the following are considered to be
1. Jharkhand macro-nutrients for plants?
2. Madhya Pradesh 1. Nitrogen
3. Punjab 2. Calcium
4. Rajasthan 3. Iron
4. Sulphur
Choose the correct answer using the codes below:
Choose the correct answer using the codes below:
a) 1 and 2 Only
b) 2 and 3 Only a) All of the above
c) 1 and 4 Only b) All except 3
d) 2 and 4 Only c) All except 3 and 4
d) 3 and 4 only
44. Consider the following statements: 47. Consider the following statements
1. The total Inland navigation waterways 1. A tornado is nothing but a cyclone
length is more than the total length of 2. Climate change affects the frequency of
the Indian coastline. tornadoes
2. In India, more freight is handled via the
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
coastal route and ports than the inland
waterway route. a) 1 Only
b) 2 Only
Which of these is/are true?
c) Both
a) 1 only d) None
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None
Which of these is/are true? 59. In India, Gulf of Kuchch is ideal for
harnessing which kind of energy?
a) 1 only a) Tidal energy
b) 2 only b) Geo-thermal energy
c) Both 1 and 2 c) Wind energy
d) None d) Solar energy
Which of these is/are true? 70. Provisions for consumer protection have
been promulgated by/in which of the
a) 1 only
following?
b) 2 only
1. United Nations
c) Both 1 and 2
2. Indian constitution
d) None
3. Indian laws
a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
69. Consider the following statements about
c) 1 and 3
Special Economic Zones (SEZs):
d) All of the above
1. Companies who set up production units
in the SEZs do not have to pay taxes for
an initial period of few years.
Choose the correct answer using the coded below: a) A and R both are true, and R is the
correct explanation for A.
a) 1 and 2 b) A and R both are true, and R is the NOT
b) 2 and 3 the correct explanation for A.
c) 1 and 3 c) A is correct, R is incorrect.
d) All of the above d) A is incorrect and R is correct.
Choose the correct answer using the coded below: Choose the correct answer using the codes below:
a) 1 and 2 a) 1 Only
b) 2 and 3 b) 2 Only
c) 1 and 3 c) Both
d) All of the above d) None
91. Which of the following can be likely causes 94. Which of the following species are endemic
of the excessive depletion of groundwater to India?
in India? 1. Nicobar pigeon
1. Irrigation for water intensive crops in 2. Himalayan brown bear
some pockets of the country 3. Forest owlet
2. Legally Ground water is a community
Choose the correct answer using the coded below:
resource.
3. Surface irrigation facilities are not a) 1 and 2
adequate in India. b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 3
Choose the correct answer using the coded below:
d) All of the above
a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 3 95. Consider the following statements:
d) Only 1
Assertion (A): On a windy day, wet clothes dry
92. India imports huge quantities of crude oil to faster.
satisfy domestic fuel requirements. Out of
these regions arrange India’s volume of Reason (R): The wind blows away particles of
crude oil import from them in an increasing water vapour around the wet cloth thus decreasing
manner. the amount of water vapour in the surrounding.
1. Latin America In the context of the above statements, which of
2. Gulf countries these is/are true?
3. Africa
http://insightsonindia.com INSIGHTS Page 18
a) A and R both are true, and R is the correct 99. Why does a desert cooler cool better on a
explanation for A. hot dry day?
b) A and R both are true, and R is the NOT the a) Because on a hot dry day temperature is
correct explanation for A. high and humidity is less which helps in
c) A is correct, R is incorrect. better evaporation.
d) A and R both are incorrect. b) Because on a hot day latent heat of
vapourisation increases for water.
96. The 2014 Global Hunger Index report c) Because the water in the desert cooler
released by the International Food Policy gets colder than the room, which makes
Research Institute (IFPRI) talks about us feel cool.
‘Hidden Hunger’. Consider the following d) None of the above
statements with reference to Hidden
Hunger,
1. It is a chronic lack of micronutrients in
100. Consider the following statements:
food intake of, mainly women and
1. Asian Monsoon system is a recent
children
phenomenon which first took place
2. The sign of this form of hunger are
around 5 million years ago
visible but neglected
2. Monsoon climate generates winter
Which of the above statements is/are correct? winds that bring dust from Central Asia
to China
a) 1 Only
b) 2 Only Which of the above statements is/are correct?
c) Both
a) 1 Only
d) None
b) 2 Only
c) Both
d) None
97. Putting nail polish remover (acetone) on
your palm makes it feel cool. What causes
it?
a) Evaporation of acetone from the palm
b) Reaction of acetone with the water palm
c) Acetone reacts with surrounding air
releasing heat.
d) None of the above