Virtual University of Pakistan

ZOO401
limnology
Solved Mcq’s of 1-50 Topics
Email address
ZOO401@vu.edu.pk
Course Instructor
Shahid Sherzada

Created By Sadaf Parvez

Group of VU Biologists

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MCQ’s lecture No.1 to 50(ZOO401)
1.When the term ‘’limnology’’ was used first?

1892

1893

1982

None

2.the word ‘’limne’’ mean?

Stream

Lake

Pond

All of above

3.rivers,spring,streams are example of….

Lentic habitat

Lotic habitat

Both of above

None

4.lentic habitat includes..

Wet lands

Running water

Standing water

Fresh water

5.which of these is a specialty of phytoplanktons?

Can swim in water

Can make their own food

Are large organisms

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All of above

6. “a tree near the bank of river falls in river and is buried in water” it is an example of …??

Allochthonous

Autochthonous

Both of above

None

7.which of the following is an example of physical property of water?

pH

salinity

hardness

polarity

8. water has specific heat…

4.81

8.41

4.18

1.48

9.the density of water is maximum at

4C

5C

6C

3C

10. which of the following has highest viscosity?

Water

Juice

Honey

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None

11. dissolved oxygen range for healthy biological system is ..

1-5 mg/litre

5-12 mg/litre

1-12 mg/litre

10-12 mg/litre

12.what does ANC stand for?

Alkaline neutralizing capacity

Alkaline neutralizing concentration

Acid neutralizing concentration

Acid neutralizing capacity

13.the concentration of ions dissolved in salt water is..

10-15 ppt

15-20 ppt

25-35 ppt

20-30 ppt

14. hard water has high concentration of…

Calcium carbonates

Magnesium carbonates

Both of above

None of above

15. fresh water covers about ----% of earth’s surface

2%

3%

4%

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5%

16. streams receive nutrients from

Falling leaves

Animal feces

Insects

All given

17.------ is an area of shallow and fast moving water

Riffle

Pool

Run

Pond

18. the famous Mississippi river is a ---- order stream

8th

9th

10th

7th

19. ---- is the world’s largest river

Indus

Amazon

Mississippi

Ganga

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20. choose the option with correct order of formation of water bodies.

Ocean, stream, river

Stream, ocean, river

River, ocean, stream

Stream, river, ocean

1.The area that divides the two drainage basins is called:

a. Catchment basin

b. Drainage divide

c. Watershed

d. Both B,C

2. fluvial system of river valley is divided into ____ main zones

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

3. “ the lower zone which is characterized by net sedimentation and river bed aggradation”

The above definition describes which of the following zones?

a. Erosional zone
b. Transport zone
c. Depositional zone
d. None of above

4. “ the form of the basin or the valley trough containing the flowing water “ describes which of
the following?

a. Channel morphology
b. River morphology
c. Fluvial geomorphology
d. None of above

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5. which of the following is the accurate formula of measuring the sinuosity of a river?

a. Channel length * displacement

b. Channel length/displacement
c. Displacement/channel length
d. Displacement – channel length

6. RCC proposes a progressive shift in which of the following parameters?

a. Physical gradients and energy inputs

b. Tropic organization
c. Biological communities
d. All of above

7. ____ are small carnivorous mammals that are top predators in streams and eat
mussels,fish,turtles etc.

a. Cat fish
b. Spotted bass
c. Otters
d. Alligators

8. these are the aquatic insects involved in chewing and tearing leaves into tiny bits.

a. Shredders
b. Collectors
c. Grazers
d. Minnows

9. which of the following zone contains least quantity of dissolved oxygens?

a. Littoral
b. Limnetic
c. Profundal
d. None of above

10. nymphs and larvae are the examples of___

a. Minnows
b. Shredders
c. Darters
d. Both a and c

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Continental glaciers have been occurring for about last ____ million years.

a. 1.5
b. 2.5
c. 0.5
d. 3.5

A depression that is created by the action of falling water from waterfalls

a. Kettle pond
b. Tarn
c. Plunge basin
d. Moraines

Example of lakes formed by tectonic activity includes:

a. Lake Baikal (Russia)

b. Lake Tanganyika
c. Lake Victoria
d. All of above

“caldera” is a type of lake which is formed due to the

a. Waterfalls from mountains

b. ceased eruption of magma from volcano
c. dripping of glaciers
d. none of these

which term is most commonly used to refer all rocks of volcanic region?

a. Igneous rocks
b. Volcanic rocks
c. Plutonic rocks
d. None of these

Which of the following biological activities are involved in the formation of water reservoir?

a. Beaver ponds
b. Wallows
c. Human activities
d. All of above

Which of the following can be regarded as a good example of foundation species of reservoirs?

a. Water fowls

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 b. Beavers
c. Birds
d. Fish

Euphatic zone is a part of ______ that gets enough sun light.

a. Littoral zone
b. Limnetic zone
c. Profundal zone
d. Benthic zone

the region of the light spectrum considered visible to human eye is – in the range of___

a. 290-470 nm
b. 390-740 nm
c. 370-790 nm
d. None of above

In water, The rate at which the penetration of light decreases with depth depends on:

a. The temperature of water

b. The pH of water
c. Amount of dissolved oxygen in water
d. the amount of suspended particles in water

A mode of flow in which the fluid moves in layers along continuous, well-defined lines known
as streamlines.

a. Transient flow
b. Turbulent flow
c. Laminar flow
d. None of above

Turbulent stream flow is when

a. Water does not move in an orderly manner.

b. Water moves in an orderly manner.
c. Water moves with turbulence in the centre of the channel, and laminar flow near the
edges
d. All of above

Reynolds number formula is used to find the followings of a fluid

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 a. Velocity (V), Density (ρ),
b. Viscosity (μ), Diameter (L)
c. Viscosity (μ), Density (ρ),
d. All of above

If 2000 < Re < 4000 it is called

a. Turbulent flow
b. Transition flow
c. Laminar flow
d. None of above

During winter, the temperature at which lakes have maximal density:

a. 00C
b. 40C
c. 1000C
d. 370C

________means surface feature of a specific area or site.

a. Surface pattern
b. Geology
c. Topology
d. None of above

Water with larger concentration of ____ is denser

a. Rocks
b. Microbes
c. Salts
d. All above

Lakes that mix from top to bottom during one mixing period each year

a. Amictic lakes
b. Dimictic lakes
c. Meromictic lakes
d. Monomictic lakes

The density difference between the warm surface waters (the epilimnion) and the colder bottom
waters (the hypolimnion) prevents

a. these lakes from mixing in summer.

b. These lakes from freezing in summers

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 c. The sun rays penetrating deep into water
d. All of above

_____ are most commonly found at high elevations in subtropical latitudes.

a. Monomictic lakes
b. Dimictic lakes
c. Polymictic lakes
d. None of above

Spring overturn occurs in dimictic lakes because:

a. The ice melts off the lakes

b. The density and temperature of epilimnion and hypolimninion become same
c. Wind causes both layers to overturn
d. All of above

When the water temperature in the lake becomes uniform, this is called:

a. Spring overturn
b. Fall overturn
c. Both
d. None

Examples of Polymictic lakes include:

a. Lake George
b. Clear lake
c. Both a,b
d. None of above

Which of the following describe “meromictic lakes”?

a. Circulation of water occurs once in year

b. Circulation of water occurs twice in year
c. Circulation occurs more than twice
d. The water does not undergo complete circulation

In meromictic lakes, the two strata are separated by another steep gradient called:

a. Chemolimnion
b. Mixolimnion
c. Monimolimnion

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 d. None of above

The condition results when an external event brings salt water into fresh water lake called:

a. Ectogenic meromixis
b. Endogenic meromixis
c. Crenogenic meromixis
d. None of above

Lake kivu in Africa is an example of______

a. Ectogenic meromixis
b. Endogenic meromixis
c. Crenogenic meromixis
d. None

On the basis of productivity, the lakes are divided into ____ types.

a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5

All of given are characteristics of eutrophic lakes except:

a. Shallow depth
b. Murky brown water
c. High turbidity
d. Low primary productivity

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