????? ??? ??????? ???? ) ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????

????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? Devices1 ICND1 ???????? ??????:

??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????
) ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????
http://learningnetwork.cisco.com( ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????????
???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????:

???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??
?? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??
? ?????:
.http://docwiki.cisco.com/wiki/Category:Internetworking_Terms_and_Acronyms_(ITA) ??
??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????: ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???
??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ????
??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?
?? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ? ????? ????
??? ? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? .? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ??????: ??? ????
?? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????
? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????
????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???
??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????????:

???????? ?????????? ??????: ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???: ):
??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????? end systems
- ??????? ???????
( 1 ????????. ): ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????
?????? Interconnections - ??????? ( 2 ) ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????
connectors ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????
( ??????? ?? ????? ?????. ): ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??
??? ?????? ??????? ????????? switches - ?????????
( 3 ????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????. ): ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????
???? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????.routers - ???????? ( 4
????? ????? ??????: ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????
? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????
????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ? ??????
?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????????
( ?????? )???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????:
???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????????
?:

????? ???? ??????? ??????: ) ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????.seria
l port): ???? ?????? ???????? (S0/0/0( -1 ) ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????.fast
Ethernet): ???? ???? ???????? ?????? (F0/0(
-2 ) ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????.Gigabit Ethernet
Interface ): ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ( Gi0/1(
-3 ): ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????.192.168.1.0( -4 .)subnet
mask): ????? ???? ?????? ??????? (/24(
-5 ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????: ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???
?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????
??? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???
???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????:
) ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????a ??? ???? ?? batch
applications????? ?????: ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ( ) ????? ????????? ????????
??????? ?????? ???????. FTP, TFTP??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?? (
) ??? ????
bandwidth ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????
?? ????????
( ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????
???????. ) ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? Interactive
applications????? ??????: ?????? ??? ????????? ?????????
( ?????? ??? ??? ???? ? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????
? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ?
?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????. ) ??? ????? ??? ????????? ?? real
time applications ????? ??????: ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ( Voice Over
Internet Protocol ) ???????? ??? ????? ???????? (video
conferences????????? ????????? ( )???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???
???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? ??
VoIPs ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???
zzzzzzzzzzzzzz? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????
??? ?? Quality of ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??
???? ???????? ????? ?????? ( Service).
CCENT ????? ??????:
????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????
????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????: logical ) ?????? ??????? (physical
topology ): ??? ????? ????? ????????? ( topology - ????? ????? ( 1 ) ????? ?????
topology ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???????
???????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ?
???? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ????. ): ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?????
? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????????? speed - ??????
( 2 ) ???? Quality of Service QoS?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???
????? ??????
( ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????. ): ??? ????? ???????
???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????? cost - ?????? (
3 ?????????? ???????. ): ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ??? ??????? ?
???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? Security - ???????
( 4 ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?
????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ??
??? ??????. ): ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??
??? ??? Availability - ???????? ( 5 ?? 24?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ? ??? ?? 7 ?
???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? 365 ? ? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????
???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???: %111*[ ??? ????? ?????? ??????) \ ??? ??????? ?? ?????
� ???????? = ](??? ??????? ?? ????? =](525611-15)\525611[ *111 =??9??
71 ): ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??
scalability - ?????? ???????
( 6 ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????
????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????
????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???????. ): ????? ????
?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? reliability
- ???????? ?? ???????? ( 7 mean
time ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????
? ( between failures MTBF.)
:)logical VS. physical topologies????? ????? ??????? ??????????
( ??? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????
? ???? ???? ????? ? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????
?? ?????? ???????:
??????: ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????
?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????. :)bus topology - ??? ??????
( 1 ?? ??????? ???????? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????
(coaxial cabl ) ??? ???? ??????? analog
TV�s) ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????
( es ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?
???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? T ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????
( ) ??? ???? ????? T -) ????? ???? ????? ????????? ( connectors .)twisted pair
cables )???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ( bus topology???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? (
Star Topology - ????? ??????
( 2 ?? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ? ????????? ? :)??? ?????? ????? ???? ?
??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ????
??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???
? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????. ): ???? ?????
?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? mesh topology
- ????? ??????
( 3 ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????
??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????
fi ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????
? ( ber
optics.) ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??
? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????
?? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????:
???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?
???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ? ????
????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????
Bus( ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ? ?? ?????? ???? .? ? )?????
??? ???
??????? ??? ??????:
???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?
???? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????
??????? ?? ???????? ? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??
? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??
? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????
?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????
???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ) ??? ??? ???????
Protocols???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????????
??
( ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??? ????????
? ??????? ?? ????? ??????
??? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????
?( ???????? )??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????
??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???
???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????????
???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????: ) ?? ????? ?????.Open
System Interconnection OSI model( -1 2- (Transmission Control ) ?? ?????? ?????.
Protocol/Internet Protocol TCP/IP model ) ????? ???? ??? ???????? Institute of
Electrical and Electronic Engineers IEEE model( -3 ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????
?? ????? ??? ?????? ???????. ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ???
?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????
?? ?????? ??? ? ?????? ? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????
?? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ? ??????? ?
????? ????? ? ? ? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ????
?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????:
CCENT : ????? ??????
??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????
? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? : ????? ?????? ??????? ): ??? ???? ???
???? ???????? Open System Interconnection OSI model - ????? ??? ??????? ????????
( 1 ) ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???
??? ISO????????
( ) ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???
open
systems( ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????
?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???
??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????
? ??????? ? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???: ) ?
???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? physical layer
- ?????? ??????: ?????? ??????????
( ???????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ??????
??? ??????? ???????. ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???
?? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???????
???????? ?????????? ???????. )????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??? data
link layer - ?????? ???????: ???? ???? ????????
( ??? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????
???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ) ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???
??? ??? ?????? network layer - ?????? ???????: ???? ?????? ( ???? ??? ??? ????????
?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? .)
logical
addresses ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????
( ) ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? Transport Layer
- ?????? ???????: ???? ?????
( ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ??
????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?
?????? ?? ????????. ) ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????
session layer - ?????? ???????: ???? ?????? ( ) ???????? ?????? presentation
layers???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????
( ????? ???????? ??????. ) ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??
presentation layer - ?????? ???????: ???? ?????
( ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????
? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????.
) ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??????? application layer
- ?????? ???????: ???? ?????????
( ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?
????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?
??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????. ???? ???? ????
????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????
? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
- ????? ???????? ?????? ????????/???????? ???????? ( 2 Protocol
TCP/IP ????? ???? ?????? ? :)??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??
???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???
??????? ? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???: ????
OSI ): ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? Link layer
- ???? ??????
( ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????. ): ?
???? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? internet layer
- ???? ????????
( ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????
?? ??????? ?????? ????????. ): ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???
???? ?????????.Transport Layer - ???? ????? ( ): ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??
???? ???????? ???? ????? application layer - ???? ????????? ( ) ????? ???? ???????
Application Programming Interface API?????? ????? ?????????
( ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???.
( TCP/IP??????: ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ( IP st ) ??
(IP ????? ?? ? )??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ack.) )encapsulation and de-
capsulation( ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?
??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????: ?????

??? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????

(?? ???? ????????? ??????) ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???
???
(???? ??????? ???????) ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????
?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???
. ) ???? ?????? data packets) ?? ????? ????????
(Data ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????????
( ???? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?
????? ??? ??????? ?????? ) ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????
encapsulation( ??????? ?? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ) ??
Trailer) ???????? ?????
(header?????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ( ???
??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????:
- ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ????????? ????????.
1 ) ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? layer 4 header) ?????? ?????? ????? (Transport
layer - ???? ???? ????? ( 2 ) ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????
segments????????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????
(????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????????.
) ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? layer 3 header
- ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ( 3 ) ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????
???? ????????.packets???????? ???? ???????? ???????? ( 4-
( ) ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? data link
layer ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??
??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ????????
(Frames.) ??? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??
???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????
?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? (???? ??????) ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????????. De ???? ???
??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????
( -) ????? ?? ?????? ??? capsulation ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????
???? ?? ????? ??????:
??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? (????
??? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????) ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????
??? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???
????: ) ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? link
layer - ???? ???? ???? ???????? ( 1 ) ????? ??? ?????? ??????? (???? ????????)
Frames ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????
( ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???.
- ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???????. 2
3- ?? ????? ? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?
?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????.
???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????
??? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????. :)peer
to peer communication??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????
( ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??
?? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????
?? ???? ?? ?????:
????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?
??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ) ????? ??? ????? ??? ??
PDU ) ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ( protocol data unit PDU??????????
( ) ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???:PDU?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?
?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??( .)data - ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ???? (????????
1 ) ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? Segments) ???? ??? (transport
- ?????? ???? ????? ( 2 ?????????. . packets) ???? ??????? (internet
- ?????? ???? ???????? ( 3 ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ? )????
4- ? ) ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????frames) ????????? (link ???? ?????? ???? ??????
( ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????.
CCENT :????? ??????
) ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? Local Area Networks
LAN??????? ??????? ( ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ???
?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????:
) ?????? ????? ?? Wide Area Networks WAN) ???????? ???????
(LAN ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????
( ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????
?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????????. ?????? ?????? ???????
: . ) ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? servers
- ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ( ) ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????
Network Interface Cards NIC - ??????? ???? ???? ??????
( ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????????????? ?????
?????? ?? ?????. - ( )??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????
Switches ????? ??? ????????? ? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ) ????? ????? ????? ??????
??????? ?????? Routers ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????????
( ??????? ???????