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Detection of TR UWB signal in the

presence of Narrowband
Interference
Yohannes Alemseged and Klaus Witrisal
yohannes@sbox.tugraz.at.

Signal Processing and Speech Communication Laboratory


spsc.inw.tugraz.at
Graz University of Technology, Austria
UWB4SN workshop Nov. 4, 2005, Lausanne, Switzerland

Detection of TR UWB signal in the presence of Narrowband Interference – p.1/23


Outline

Introduction

System Model: UWB signal, NBI signal, AcR front end

Data model

Detection Schemes

Simulation Results

Conclusion and further outlook

Detection of TR UWB signal in the presence of Narrowband Interference – p.2/23


Introduction

Tx System:
Transmitted Refference(TR) Differential UWB

Receiver:
TR AutoCorrelation Receiver (AcR)

Interferor:
IEEE 802.11a WLAN Service

Detection of TR UWB signal in the presence of Narrowband Interference – p.3/23


Introduction

Why Interference could be adversary for UWB?


unregulated spectrum
should operate under -41.3dBm/MHz

Why AcR is a choosen as a victim receiver?


Transmitted Refference
Analog front end / Nonlinearity

Why IEEE 802.11a WLAN is choosen as interferor?


Common spectrum
Deployment scenario
Detection of TR UWB signal in the presence of Narrowband Interference – p.4/23
System Model

Figure 1: System Model

Dj

Ts
Integrate& xW1
damp

Ts Z
Dj
x W2

Ts
s(t) xWNcr

β(t)
a r̂(t) Detection of TR UWB signal in the presence of Narrowband Interference – p.5/23
-/ . ,

! & !
 
  


 

 

+


UWB signal

 
 

" 

" 


Received Signal:
# 
#   

 
$ 
% 
" 

/.
- ,

0 
! &
For differential TR scheme,

 

'
 

+   


( 1 

 

 
!
" 
 
 



is AcR front end filtering effect (


2 -/ ,

  





 

 '  


)
  (
 
 
  
0 


 
,

' 
) ) '
* 
+

1
 
     

" 
 
System Model:

-/ , 


 


0
 
UWB signal

Detection of TR UWB signal in the presence of Narrowband Interference – p.6/23


 '
( 
)
  




 

 *


:
<
8
+ 
, 

fc −

.- &
2

 


/     
    
!      
*     
(     
     
    
     

 "     


    
01/      
     
 #     
      
32     
otherwise
    
4 $       
     
NBI, IEEE802.11a OFDM passband signal

(
fc +


2

5 
)
$ 
 


76
%
8

 #
 


Figure 2: Model of the narrowband interference


System Model:
NBI Model

Detection of TR UWB signal in the presence of Narrowband Interference – p.7/23


 
   
  
 8
 

    
    
    

Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
         
         
Correlator Output

    






- -
-
 

      


    
 

   -

- 
 

Z

  
  



 



-
 



Expanding further the correlator output equations;




 -







-


System Model:











Received Signal

Detection of TR UWB signal in the presence of Narrowband Interference – p.8/23


System Model: Correlators Output

NBI by NBI product term in the data sample





+

 

 




(





'












+

 

 


 




0

(





'

'

'



















 


 


,






'

'








First term can be neglected for





is in GHz range and is about for indoor
,

 






propagation
Detection of TR UWB signal in the presence of Narrowband Interference – p.9/23
Data Model


Fixed phase sinusoid modulated by a Short time



 





 



autocorrelation function of the baseband NBI signal








+

 

 


 






'

$




/


Samples will be well correlated if

 




For IEEE 802.11a WLAN ,

 
















NBI term can thus be written as;


+


c is a sampled vector of








$





/

Detection of TR UWB signal in the presence of Narrowband Interference – p.10/23


Data Model

Where ISI is avoided (burst /LDC), a data model can be


written as;

0





'

'

'





/
is due to the "data by data" term, and is a bias term due



to interference among pulses

In the absence of NBI and noise, detection could be


accomplished by;

&
+

$ 
%

0

 &


&

















Detection of TR UWB signal in the presence of Narrowband Interference – p.11/23


NBI Mitigation: Least Square Solution

Sampled output for ymbols























Find an estimate of that minimizes the following norm











Setting the derivative of the cost function to zero




#

 
 



 



!" 
 






Implementation requires pilot symbols




Detection of TR UWB signal in the presence of Narrowband Interference – p.12/23


NBI Mitigation: Detection based on SVD

can be factored as;






Where 
is x data matrix is x unitary





matrix and is x unitary matrix






where

 


 

 













Correlation of the code vector and the column 


containing the data from unitary matrix is used for


separation
Detection of TR UWB signal in the presence of Narrowband Interference – p.13/23
NBI Mitigation: Adaptive Constant Modulus Algorithm


Constant amplitude of binary antipodal







symbols are transmitted

 













The adaptation equation can be written as;

















Detection of TR UWB signal in the presence of Narrowband Interference – p.14/23


NBI Mitigation: Minimizing-Rank of Data Matrix

The nearest minimum rank Matrix will be;

















-





will be reconstructed by 0 substition or nulling the
smaller singular values

Detection of TR UWB signal in the presence of Narrowband Interference – p.15/23


NBI Mitigation:MMSE solution

Detection Error





$



































0







'

'

'





/



Optimum combiner that minimizes assuming and







noise is uncorrelated with the NBI and UWB signal, will be;



+










'

'

'



$


/
Computing requires knowledge of the model parameters

Detection of TR UWB signal in the presence of Narrowband Interference – p.16/23


Simulation Results:Parameters

NBI:
Sampled versions of the UWB, NBI and Noice at the receiver front end
signaling: OFDM 0.5

0.4
NBI
Noise
UWB
0.3
carrier frequency: 0.2

5.125GHz 0.1

−0.1

no of carriers: 48 −0.2

−0.3

baseband: QPSK −0.4

−0.5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

UWB:
Tr: Differential-TR
No of pulses/sym: 9 Figure 3: UWB (LDC), NBI and Noise at the front end
Symbol Period: 100ns
Delay: 0.2ns

Detection of TR UWB signal in the presence of Narrowband Interference – p.17/23


Simulation Results:SVD Decomposition (low SIR)

SIR=−20dB , Threshold BER=0.48, SVD BER=0.047 SIR=−20dB , Threshold BER=0.48, SVD BER=0.047
0 500

−100 0

−200 −500
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Bias bias
100 200

0 0

−100 −200
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
20 50

0 0

−20 −50
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
20 5

0 0

−20 −5
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Data data

Figure 4: Sampled output of the correlators (sym- Figure 5: sampled output of the correlators (cor-
bol axis) rlators axis)

Detection of TR UWB signal in the presence of Narrowband Interference – p.18/23


Simulation Results:SVD Decomposition (high SIR)

SIR=10, Threshold BER=0, SVD BER=0 SIR=10, Threshold BER=0, SVD BER=0
10 2

0
0
−10
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
−2
Data 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0.4 Data
2
0.2

0 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Bias
−2
0.05 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Bias
0 0.5

−0.05 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
0.05
−0.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0
0.5

−0.05
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0

−0.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Figure 6: Sampled output of the correlators (sym-


bol axis)
Figure 7: sampled output of the correlators (cor-
relators axis)

Detection of TR UWB signal in the presence of Narrowband Interference – p.19/23


Simulation Results:SVD, LS BER

BER curves for Threshold detector and SVD detector BER curves for LS with training symbols, CMA (with codevector), Threshold detector
0 0
10 10

−1
−1
10
10

−2
10
bit error rate (BER)

−2

bit error rate (BER)


10

−3
10

−3
10
−4
10

−4
10 threshold detector
−5
10 LS 288/288
Threshold detector
LS 32/288
SVD
−5 adaptive CMA
10 −6
−30 −20 −10 0 10 20 30 10
−30 −25 −20 −15 −10 −5 0
signal−to−interference ratio (SIR) [dB]
signal−to−interference ratio (SIR) [dB]

Figure 8: BER plots for conventional threshold de- Figure 9: BER plots for LS solution and Adaptive
tector vs SVD CMA (initialization with code vector)

Detection of TR UWB signal in the presence of Narrowband Interference – p.20/23


Simulation Results:CMA BER

SNR=35dB SIR=−10dB, Initialization vector LS soln at SNR=35dB


0 0
10 10

−1
10
−1
10

−2
10

bit error rate (BER)


bit error rate (BER)

−2
10

−3
10

−3
10
−4
10

Threshold Detector
−4
10 −5 LS
Threshold Detector 10
LS with training sq LS−TrSyb
CMA−ReducedRank AdptCMA−MinRank
CMA AdptCMA
−6
10
−30 −25 −20 −15 −10 −5 0 5 10 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
signal−to−interference ratio (SIR) [dB] signal−to−noice ratio (SNR) [dB]

Figure 10: BER plots for 35dB SNR and SIR Figure 11: BER plots for -10dB SIR and SNR axis
axis(model parameters used for initialization)

Detection of TR UWB signal in the presence of Narrowband Interference – p.21/23


Conclusion

We presented the analysis of the narrowband interference for


frame differential TR-UWB system and LDC scheme.

A data model has been derived for LDC schemes which could
provide us a better understanding and insight for possible
interference cancellation.

In the presence of NBI the conventional/threshold detector


performs poorely.

Detection based on SVD of the data matrix is found promising for


strong Interference (as compared to the conventional detector),
however it gets unstable for higher SIR

Detection of TR UWB signal in the presence of Narrowband Interference – p.22/23


Conclusion

Detection based on LS solution showed much more improved


performance than the conventional detector

Detection based on adaptive CMA is shown to provide comparable


performance as that of the LS (no pilot symbols are used). During
simulation it was observed that initialization vector is highly critical
for the performance.

This fact is attributed to the existence of multiple local minimas and


the CMA fails to attain a global minimum point.

Further improvement of the mitigation schemes performance might


need tuning of the model to include nonlinear terms

Detection of TR UWB signal in the presence of Narrowband Interference – p.23/23

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