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Abstract
This research work was experimentally carried out to investigate the effects of partially
replacing Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with our local additive Rice Husk Ash (RHA)
which is known to be super pozzolanic in concrete at optimum replacement percentage
which will help to reduce the cost of housing. With this research work, the problem of
waste management of this agro-waste will be solved. The speci︲c gravity of RHA was
found to be 1.55, the density of RHA concrete was found to be 2.043, 1.912 and
1.932kg/m 3 at 10%, 20% and 25% replacement percentages respectively. RHA concrete
was found to be very workable with a slump value of over 100mm. The incorporation of
RHA in concrete resulted in increase water demand and enhanced strength. The
compressive strength values at 28days were found to be 38.4, 36.5 and 33N/mm 2 at the
same replacement percentages above. These compressive strength values compared
favourably with the controlled concrete strength of 37N/mm 2 at a mix ratio of 1:1.5:3.
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Scholarly Journal of Engineering Research Vol. 1(2), pp. 32-36, May 2012
Available online at http:// www.scholarly-journals.com/SJER
ISSN 2276-8955 ©2012 Scholarly-Journals
This research work was experimentally carried out to investigate the effects of partially replacing
Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with our local additive Rice Husk Ash (RHA) which is known to
super pozzolanic in concrete at optimum replacement percentage which will help to reduce the cost
housing. With this research work, the problem of waste management of this agro-waste will be solv
The specific gravity of RHA was found to be 1.55, the density of RHA concrete was found to be 2.043,
3
1.912 and 1.932kg/m at 10%, 20% and 25% replacement percentages respectively. RHA concrete w
found to be very workable with a slump value of over 100mm. The incorporation of RHA in concrete
resulted in increase water demand and enhanced strength. The compressive strength values at 28days
2
were found to be 38.4, 36.5 and 33N/mm at the same replacement percentages above. These
2
compressive strength values compared favourably with the controlled concrete strength of 37N/mm at a
mix ratio of 1:1.5:3.
INTRODUCTION
Rice husk ash is an agricultural waste which is produced form compounds possessing cementitous properties.
in millions of tons. Waste managers have found it difficult This study investigated the engineering properties
over the years to dispose this agro-waste. Rice husk ash RHA as a material for concrete production. The
(RHA) is obtained by the combustion of rice husk and has shows that RHA is a super pozzolan and very suitable
been found to be super pozzolanic. RHA is a highly a partial replacement of OPC.
reactive pozzolanic material suitable for use in lime-
pozzolan mixes and for Portland cement replacement.
RHA is very reach in silicon dioxide which makes it very EXPERIMENTAL METHODS
reactive with lime due to its non-crystalline silica content
and its specific surface. Materials
There is an increasing importance to preserve the
environment in the present day world. Rice Husk Ash Rice Husk Ash (RHA). - Rice Husk Ash was burnt
(RHA) from the parboiling plants is posing a serious approximately 72hours in air in an uncontrolled
environmental threat and ways are being thought of to process. The temperature was in the range of 400-
dispose them. This material is actually a super-pozzolan The ash collected was sieved through BS standard
since it is rich in Silica and has about 85% to 90% Silica size 75µm and its colour was grey. It was then measure
content. A good way of utilizing this material is to use it by volume to replace the cement at 10,20and 25%.
for making “High Performance Concrete” which means
high workability and long-term durability of the concrete.
ASTM C618(2) defined pozzolan as a siliceous or Cement
siliceous and aluminous materials which in themselves
have little or no cementitous properties but in finely Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was used in which
divided form and in the presence of moisture, they
People who read can composition
this publication also read: and properties is in compliance with
react with calcium hydroxide which is librated during the Nigerian standard organization defined standard
hydration of Portland cement at ordinary Research:
temperatures to Ash Review
Rice Husk cement for concrete production.
Full-text · Mar 2016
Ephraim et al. 33
OPC 2.99 20.99 6.19 3.86 65.96 0.22 0.17 0.6 1.7
3
RHA 2.11 88.32 0.46 0.67 0.6 0.44 0.12 2.91 5.8
1
Specific Surface 16196 Mean particle size 12.34 Passing N0:325 (%) 96.6
Figure 1.Graphical Presentation of Particle Size Distribution Results of RHA, Sand and Coarse Aggregates used in this investigation
The workability test results are presented in Appendix IV. Compressive Strength of RHA Concrete
The workability test results show that RHA concrete can
be graded under S2 using the European classification The compressive strength of RHA concrete
ENV 206:1992 having the slump of 50-90 and by TRRL investigated at 7, 14, 21 and 28days curing age. Th
classification, the workability is described as medium with summary of the results are presented graphically an
compacting factor of 0.90 and slump of 50 – 100mm. tabulated in a figure 2 below for different replaceme
percentages of RHA.
Density
CONCLUSION
The density of RHA was investigated as stated in the
methodology and the results are analyzed and presented The use of RHA in civil construction works will
as a ratio of the mass to that of the volume. Density environmental pollution, improve the quality of concr
Values for Various RHA Concrete Mixes table 2 and 3.. and reduce its cost of production as well as solving
From the above results of density, it can be seen that the problem of agro-waste management by putting into
People who read this publication also read:
density of RHA is in the same range for all replacement this locally found additive (RHA).
levels. According to BS 877, it can be classified as light Adding RHA to concrete resulted in increased water
Research: Rice Husk Ash Review
Full-text · Mar 2016
Ephraim et al. 35
Figure 2.Graphical Representation of the Relationship between Compressive Strength and Age.
demand, increase in workability and enhanced strength the levels of RHA are increasing (figure 2).
compared to the control sample. The compressive
strength values at 28days were found to be 38.4, 36.5
2 2
and 33N/mm compared to the control with 37N/mm . REFERENCES
This results show that an addition of RHA from 5-10% will
Al-Khalaf, MN, Hana, AY (1984). “Use of RHA-Concrete”
increase the strength and a further addition up read
People who to this
15-publication also read: Journal of Cement Composites and Light
international
25%RHA will have a slight reduction in strength of 15% Concrete. 6(4).
and a decreasing in strength values is pointed outRice
Research: when Habeeb, GA, Fayyaah, MM (2009). Department of Civil Engine
Husk Ash Review
Full-text · Mar 2016
University of Malaya, Malaysia – Australian Journal of Basic Applied Mihelcic, JR, Hokanson, DR (2005). Educational Solutions For
Sciences 3(3). Sustainable Future” in Environmental Solutions, Eds: N.L
Malhotra (Ed) (1992). Proceedings of the International Symposium on and F.J Agardy, Elsevier, in Press.
Advances in Concrete Technology. Atthens, Greece. Narrayan, PS (2004). “Rice Husk Ash, IICT Journal, Autumn,
Mauro, M, et al (2004). Influence of Rice Hush Ash on Mechanical Narrayan, PS (2005). “Rice Husk Ash used in Making of Concr
Characteristics of Concrete. ACI. Canoe” Michigan Technological University 1400 Townsend
Mehta, PK (1992) Rice Husk Ash a Unique Supplementary Cementing Houghton.
Material, in V.M Obam, SO (2006) Compressive Strength of RHA Concrete.
Mehta, PK, (1999) “Concrete Technology for Sustainable V25, N2 Nigeria
Development”. Concrete International, 21(11).
Mehta, PK, Folliard, KJ (1995) “Rice Husk Ash a Unique Supplementary
Cementing Material Durability Aspects”. USA.
Michigan Tech Master’s International Program in Civil and
Environmental Engineering, www.cee.mtu.edu/peacecorps.
Citations 1 References 9
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