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Dual Nature Of Matter And Radiation
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Dual Nature Of Matter And Radiation


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DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION

Electron Emission : The phenomenon of emission of electrons from a metal surface is called

electron emission. It is of following types :


(i) Thermionic emission : By heating, thermal energy is imparted to free electrons to enable them

to emit from the metal surface.

(ii) Field emission : Electrons are emitted from the metal surface by subjecting it to a

very high electric eld.


(iii) Photoelectric emission : When light of suitable frequency illuminates a metal surface, elec- trons are emitted
from the metal surface.

Photons : According to quantum theory, an electromagnetic radiation travels in the form of dis- crete packets of
energy called quanta. One quantum of light radiation is called a photon.

Properties of Photons :

1. They travel in straight line with speed of light in vacuum.


2. Frequency of photon does not change when photon travels through different media.

3. There is a change in space of photon of different media, which is due to change in its wave- length.

4. The energy of a photon is given by

E = hn = h l ` where h is Plank's constant = 6.62 × 10–34 Js & n is the frequency of photon.

5. Momentum of photon

en ée` B y` es ù
p = mc = / ê = = Þ // ú
` ë û
` `

es e
| ==
` l
6. We know 'm' mass of a particle moving with 'v' velocity comparable with velocity of light is

given by

y
y = where m0 - is the rest mass.
. s , `/ /
-

/
Here photon moves with velocity of light, then - y y- .=/- = s
`

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