Entanglement and secret-key-agreement capacities of

bipartite quantum interactions and read-only memory devices

Siddhartha Das

Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics,

Department of Physics & Astronomy,
Louisiana State University, USA
sdas21@lsu.edu

Based on arXiv:1712.00827
with Stefan Bäuml and Mark M. Wilde

Analysis in Quantum Information Theory 2017,

Institut Henri Poincaré,
Paris, France
Siddhartha Das (QST @LSU) Bipartite quantum interactions 1 / 10
 Motivation

Bipartite quantum interaction

Hamiltonian Ĥ acting on systems A0 and B 0 and an environment E 0 . UAĤ0 B 0 E 0 is a unitary
operator associated with evolution generated by Ĥ.

Bidirectional channel
NAĤ0 B 0 →AB (ωA0 B 0 ) = TrE {U Ĥ (ωA0 B 0 ⊗ |0ih0|E 0 )(U Ĥ )† }.

Information processing tasks

1 Entanglement distillation
2 Secret key distillation

Goal
Determining the capacities of bipartite quantum interactions for above information processing
tasks.
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 Entanglement measures

max-relative entropy
Dmax (ρkσ) = inf{λ : ρ ≤ 2λ σ}, and if supp(ρ) * supp(σ) then Dmax (ρkσ) = ∞.
max-Rains information
The max-Rains relative entropy of a state ρAB is defined as

Rmax (A; B)ρ := min Dmax (ρAB kσAB ).

σAB ∈PPT0 (A;B)

It is monotone non-increasing under the action of a PPT-preserving channel PA0 B 0 →AB .

max-relative entropy of entanglement
The max-relative entropy of entanglement is defined for a bipartite state ρAB as

Emax (A; B)ρ := min Dmax (ρAB kσAB ).

σAB ∈SEP(A:B)

and it is monotone non-increasing under the action of a separability-preserving channel

LA0 B 0 →AB .
Siddhartha Das (QST @LSU) Bipartite quantum interactions 3 / 10
 Entanglement distillation

Bidirectional max-Rains information

The bidirectional max-Rains information of a bidirectional quantum channel NA0 B 0 →AB is
defined as
2→2
Rmax (N ) := log Γ2→2 (N ),
where Γ2→2 (N ) is the solution to the following semi-definite program:

minimize kTrAB {VSA ABSB + YSA ABSB }k∞

subject to VSA ABSB , YSA ABSB ≥ 0,
TBSB (VSA ABSB − YSA ABSB ) ≥ JSNA ABSB ,

such that SA ' A, and SB ' B.

Amortization ineq. for bidirectional max-Rains info.

Rmax (LA A; BLB )ω ≤ Rmax (LA A0 ; B 0 LB )ρ + Rmax

2→2
(N ),
where ωLA ABLB = NA0 B 0 →AB (ρLA A0 B 0 LB ).
Siddhartha Das (QST @LSU) Bipartite quantum interactions 4 / 10
 Entanglement distillation

PPT-assisted bidirectional entanglement distillation protocol

LA1 LA2 LAn MA

A’1 A1 A’2 A2 A’n An
PPT B’1 N B1 PPT B’2 N B2 PPT PPT B’n N Bn PPT

LB1 LB2 LBn MB

Strong converse bound for bidirectional entanglement distillation

For a fixed n, M ∈ N, ε ∈ (0, 1), the following bound holds for an (n, M, ε) protocol for
PPT-assisted bidirectional entanglement generation over a bidirectional quantum channel N :
1 1 1
 
2→2
log2 M ≤ Rmax (N ) + log2 .
n n 1−ε

Siddhartha Das (QST @LSU) Bipartite quantum interactions 5 / 10

 Secret key distillation

Bidirectional max-relative entropy of entanglement

The bidirectional max-relative entropy of entanglement of a bidirectional channel NA0 B 0 →AB is
defined as
2→2
Emax (N ) = sup Emax (SA A; BSB )ω ,
ψS 0 ⊗ϕB 0 S
AA B

where ωSA ABSB := NA0 B 0 →AB (ψSA A0 ⊗ ϕB 0 SB ) and ψSA A0 and ϕB 0 SB are pure bipartite states
such that SA ' A0 , and SB ' B 0 .

Remark
Note that we could define Emax 2→2 (N ) to have an optimization over separable input states
0 0
ρSA A0 B 0 SB ∈ SEP(SA A : B SB ) with unbounded auxiliary systems SA and SB , but the
quasi-convexity of the max-relative entropy of entanglement and the Schmidt decomposition
theorem guarantee that it suffices to restrict the optimization to be as stated in the above
definition.

Siddhartha Das (QST @LSU) Bipartite quantum interactions 6 / 10

 Secret key agreement

Amortization ineq. for bidirectional max-relative entropy of entanglement

Emax (LA A; BLB )ω ≤ Emax (LA A0 ; B 0 LB )ρ + Emax

2→2
(N ),
where ωLA ABLB = NA0 B 0 →AB (ρLA A0 B 0 LB ).

Strong converse bound for bidirectional secret key agreement

For a fixed n, K ∈ N, ε ∈ (0, 1), the following bound holds for an (n, K , ε) protocol for
LOCC-assisted bidirectional secret key agreement over a bidirectional quantum channel N :
1 1 1
 
2→2
log2 K ≤ Emax (N ) + log2 .
n n 1−ε

Siddhartha Das (QST @LSU) Bipartite quantum interactions 7 / 10

 Private reading

Read-only memory device

A physical model of a read-only memory device involves encoding the classical message using a
memory cell MX = {Mx }x , which is a set of point-to-point quantum channels.
Private reading
Private reading is a quantum information-processing task in which a message from an encoder
to a reader is delivered in a read-only memory device. The message is encoded in such a way
that a reader can reliably decode it, while a passive eavesdropper recovers no information
about it.
Private reading protocol

B’1 x1(k)
B1 B’2 x2(k)
B2 B’3 x3(k)
B3
M M M

E1 E2 E3 êk
A1 A2
L B1 L B2 LB3

Siddhartha Das (QST @LSU) Bipartite quantum interactions 8 / 10

 Private reading

Non-adaptive private reading capacity

The non-adaptive private reading capacity of a wiretap memory cell {MxB 0 →BE }x is given by

read
  1
Pn-a MX = sup max [I(X n ; LB n )τ − I(X n ; E n )τ ] ,
n pX n ,σLB 0 n n
n
where τX n LB n E n := x n pX n (x n ) |x n ihx n |X n ⊗ MxB 0 n →B n E n (σLB 0 n ) and it suffices for σLB 0 n to be
P

a pure state such that L ' B 0 n .

Strong converse upper bound on reading capacity

x
e read (MX ) of an isometric wiretap memory cell {U M
The private reading capacity P B 0 →BE }x ∈X is
bounded from above by
Pe read (MX ) ≤ E 2→2 (N MX
max XB 0 →XB ),
  †  x
MX MX MX MX
|x ihx |X ⊗UBM0 →BE .
X
s.t., NXB 0 →XB (·) := TrE UXB 0 →XBE (·) UXB 0 →XBE , UXB 0 →XBE :=
x ∈X

Siddhartha Das (QST @LSU) Bipartite quantum interactions 9 / 10

 Entanglement generation from a memory cell

Achievable rate for entanglement generation

The following rate is achievable for entanglement generation when using the controlled
MX Mx
x ∈X |x ihx |X ⊗ UB 0 →BE :
P
isometry in UXB 0 →XBE :=

I(X iLB B)ω := H(LB B)ω − H(XLB B)ω ,

where I(X iLB B)ω is the coherent information of state ωXLB B such that
Xq x
|ωiXLB BE = pX (x )|x iX ⊗ UBM0 →BE |ψiLB B 0 .
x

Conclusion
Determined entanglement distillation and secret-key-agreement capacities of bipartite
quantum interactions and read-only-memory devices.

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