Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
MAY 2012
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
PROJECT VIVAVOCE
WAVELET BASED FEATURE
EXTRACTION SCHEME OF
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
BCI is a system that provides a neural interface to substitute for the loss of
normal neuronal-muscular outputs by enabling individuals to interact with
their environment through brain signals rather than muscles.
BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE
Direct connection between the brain and a computer without using any of
the brains natural output pathways.
Neural activity of the brain cells are recorded and these signals are given
as drive to applications.
Read the electrical signals or other manifestations of brain activity and
translate them into a digital form.
BRAIN COMPUTER INTREFACE
WORKING
Blocks of Brain-Computer Interface
Signal Preprocessing
Feature Extraction
Signal Classification
LITERATURE REVIEW
The history of brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) starts with Hans Berger's
discovery of the electrical activity of human brain and the development of
electroencephalography (EEG).
The field of BCI research and development has since focused primarily
on neuro-prosthetics applications that aim at restoring damaged
hearing, sight and movement.
LITERATURE REVIEW (CONT.)
Invasive BCIs: Implanted directly into the grey matter of the brain during
neurosurgery.
Partially invasive BCIs: Devices are implanted inside the skull but rest
outside the brain rather than within the grey matter.
These potentials is are the sum of the responses due to desired (EEG
waveforms) and undesired stimulus (EMG and EOG waveform).
Only analyze the stationary signals but not the non stationary signals.
j t
F f t e dt
EXISITING SYSTEM
SHORT TIME FOURIER TRANSFORM
Dilemma of Resolution
Wavelet
Small wave
Mother Wavelet
All the used windows are its dilated or compressed and shifted versions.
MULTI RESOLUTION ANALYSES
It is also defined as ability to extract the fine components from the signals.
More suitable for short duration of higher frequency; and longer duration
of lower frequency components.
WAVELET TRANSFORM
ADVANTAGE OF WAVELET ANALYSIS:
For High frequencies it uses narrow window for better resolution and for
Low frequencies it uses wide window for bringing good resolution.
CONTINUOUS WAVELET TRANSFORM
The sum over the time of the signal convolved by the scaled and shifted
versions of the wavelet.
It‟s slow and generates way too much data. It‟s also hard to implement.
1 * t b
C (a, b; f (t ), (t )) f (t ) dt
a a
CONTINUOUS WAVELET TRANSFORM
STEP 1: Take a Wavelet and compare it to a section at the start of the original signal.
STEP 2:
Calculate a number, C, that represents how closely correlated the wavelet is
with this section of the signal. The higher C is, the more the similarity.
CONTINUOUS WAVELET TRANSFORM
STEP 3: Shift the wavelet to the right and repeat steps 1-2 until we‟ve
covered the whole signal
CONTINUOUS WAVELET TRANSFORM
Wavelets are obtained from a single prototype wavelet y(t) called mother
wavelet by dilations and shifting:
1 t b
a ,b (t ) ( )
a a
where a is the dyadic scaling parameter and b is the dyadic shifting
parameter
DISCRETE WAVELET ANALYSIS
(Cont.)
WAVELET CO-EFFICIENT:
At the large scale, the wavelet is aligned with the beginning of the EEG
waveform and the correlation of the wavelet shape with the shape of the
EEG waveform at that position is computed.
Whenever the wavelet shape matches the overall shape of the ERP, a large
wavelet coefficient is computed, with positive amplitude if the match is
normal and negative amplitude if the match is polarity inverted.
DISCRETE WAVELET ANALYSIS
(Cont.)
Conversely, when the shape match is poor, a small or zero wavelet
coefficient is computed.
Translation
Dilation
MATCHING WAVELETS TO EEG
WAVEFORMS
The wavelet transform is free to use wavelets as its basis functions.
Wavelets have shapes that are as close as possible to the shapes of the
EEG events.
MATCHING PURSUIT:
An associated scaling function and high and low pass filters are then
derived that can be used to perform a DWT on any EEG waveform.
SIGNAL DECOMPOSITION
The decomposition of the signal led's to a set of Coefficients called
Wavelet Coefficients. Therefore the signals can be re-constructed as a
linear combination of wavelets functions weighed by the Wavelet
Coefficients.
Then the signal is sent through only two “sub-band” coders (which get the
approximation and the detail data from the signal).
High frequency and low scale components are know as Detail Coefficient
and Low frequency and low frequency components are known as
Approximation Coefficients.
Signal decomposed by
low pass and high pass
filters to get approx and
detail info.
SIGNAL DECOMPOSTION
The signal can be continuously
decomposed to get finer detail and more
general approximation, this is called
multi-level decomposition.
h0(n) 2 2 g0(n)
y0 (n)
y1 (n)
h1(n) 2 2 g1(n)
H1 ( ) H1 ( )
0 /2
SUB BAND CODING (Cont.)
Halves the Time Resolution: Only half number of samples resulted.
Criteria: h0(n), h1(n), g0(n), g1(n) are selected to reconstruct the input
perfectly.
RECONSTRUCTION
A process After decomposition or analysis is called synthesis.
Where wavelet analysis involves filtering and down sampling, the wavelet
reconstruction process consists of up sampling and filtering.
x̂ x
In order to achieve perfect reconstruction the filters should satisfy
g 0 [ n] h0 [ n]
g1[n] h1[ n]
Thus if one filter is low pass, the other one will be high pass.
IMPLEMENTATION BY MATLAB
The goal of this thesis is to devise a scheme that achieves efficient artifact
removal from a composite EEG signal which in turn provides lower false
positive rates for SBCI systems.
Mathematical basis of the wavelet transform has proved that EEG analysis
based on wavelet transform coefficients can be used very efficiently for
the estimation of EEG features.
SSVEP based BCI systems are assistive technology devices that allow
users to control objects in their environment using their brain signals only
and at their own pace.
This is done by measuring specific features of the brain signal that pertain
to intentional control (IC) commands issued by the user.
THANK YOU