http://www.eng.utoledo.edu/~akumar/IV/Workbook/IVWB_AdditionalDesignProblems.

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Additional Design Problems

Problem:

Consider a building which is 15m high with a square roof 40m on a side. A stack is located at
the center of the roof, and an air intake is situated 15m downwind of the stack. Compute
the required stack height to prevent downwash contaminants from entering the air intakes.

Solution:

The following should be considered for stack design:

a) Roof recirculation region

Scaling factor for roof recirculation region,

R = Bs0.67 * Bl0.33

where Bs and Bl are the smaller and larger of the building height and width.

So, R = 150.67 * 400.33 = 20.73

Maximum height of the recirculation region, Hc = 0.22 R = 4.56 m

Center of the recirculation region from upwind edge of roof, Xc = 0.5 R = 10.37 m

Length of the recirculation region from upwind edge of roof, Lc = 0.9 R = 18.66 m

The stack is situated at the center, i.e., 20 m from the edge (>18.66m), and is not in the
recirculation cavity. The air intake is 15 m further downwind.

So, the roof recirculation is not a problem.

b) High turbulence region

The high turbulence region follows a 1:10 downward slope from the top of the
recirculation cavity.

Length of the high turbulence region from the upwind edge of roof

= 10.37 + 10 * 4.56 = 55.97 m (> 40 m, the width of the building).

So the length of the high turbulence region is 40 m. The air intake is in this region.

Assuming the air intake at roof height, vertical distance between high turbulence
region boundary and air intake = 0.77 m (from geometry).

Extending a 1:5 slope from this point back to the stack, the minimum stack height
required = (4.93 + 0.77) = 5.7 m

c) Roof wake downwash

 Wake downwash is eliminated when the exit velocity is greater than 1.5 times the wind
velocity.

Assuming an exit velocity of 3000 fpm, the momentum of the exhaust air completely
reduces any potential wake downwash effect.

(Ref.: Section 5.16, page 5-29, IV Manual, 22nd Ed., ACGIH)

So, the minimum stack height with only the high turbulence region in consideration is 5.7 m
above the roof level.

Problem:

Compute the lost pressure in a 4.5", 90 o elbow that has 200 cfm of air flowing through it. The
ratio of turning radius to diameter is 2.0.

Solution:

Elbow loss coefficient for Stamped 90º Elbow with R/D – 2 = 0.13

V = Q / A = 200 / [π * (4.5/12)² / 4] = 1810.83 fpm

VP = (V / 4005)² = 0.204 “wg

Loss in pressure = 0.13 * 0.204 = 0.027 “wg

Problem:

A 8" duct has three 90o elbows and a 60o bend. The radius of each elbow is twice the duct
diameter. The air velocity in the duct was measured as 2547 ft/min. Calculate the actual
pressure elbow loss. State your assumptions.

Solution:

VP = (2547 / 4005)² = 0.404 “wg

Loss coefficient per Stamped 90º Elbow with R/D – 2 = 0.13

Number of 90º elbows = 3 + 1 * (60 / 90) = 3.67

Pressure loss = 0.13 * 3.67 * 0.404 = 0.193 “wg

Problem:

Exposure measurements in a welding operation indicate the need for a local exhaust
system. Using VS 90-02 (textbook) and Q = 2000 cfm, design the ventilation system shown in
the following figure. Assume exhaust length = 10 ft.
Solution:
A Velocity Pressure Method Calculation Sheet has been used for design.
1 Duct Segment Identification ab out
2 Target Volume Flowrate, Q = V*A- Chap 10 cfm 2000.0 2000.0
3 Min. Transport Velocity, V Chap 10 fpm 3000 3000
Maximum Duct Diameter (D=
4 inches 11.06 11.06
((4*144*Q)/(pi*V))0.5)
5 Selected Duct Diameter inches 11.00 11.00
6 Duct Area (pi*(D/12)2/4) sq. ft 0.6600 0.6600
7 Actual Duct Velocity fpm 3030.5 3030.5
8 Duct Velocity Pres, VP = (V/4005)2 "wg 0.5726 0.5726
9 H Maximum Slot Area = (2/11) sq ft
10 O Slot area selected sq ft
11 O S Slot Velocity, Vs Chap 10 fpm
12 D L Slot Velocity Pres, VPs=(Vs/4005)2 "wg 0.0000 0.0000
13 O Slot Loss Coefficient, Chap 10, Chap 3
14 T Acceleration Factor 0 or 1
15 S S Slot Loss per VP (13+14) 0.00 0.00
16 U Slot Static Pressure (12*15) "wg 0.0000 0.0000
17 C Duct Entry Loss Factor F5-12, Chap 10 0.930
18 T Acceleration Factor (1 at hoods) 1 or 0 1 0
19 I Duct Entry Loss per VP (17 + 18) 1.93 0.00
20 O Duct Entry Loss (8 * 19) "wg 1.105 0.00
21 N Other Losses "wg 0.00 0.00
22 Hood Static Pressure SPh (16+20+21) "wg 1.105 0.000
23 Straight Duct Length ft 110.0 10.0
24 Friction Factor (Hf) 0.0210 0.0210
25 Friction Loss per VP (23 * 24) 2.3118 0.2102
26 No. of 90 degree Elbows 0.50 0.00
27 Elbow Loss Coefficient (Bottom of Page) 0.23
28 Elbow Loss per VP (26*Loss Factor)(bottom of page) 0.12
29 No. of Branch Entries ( 1 or 0) 0.00 0.00
30 Entry Loss Coefficient
31 Entry Loss per VP (29*Loss Factor) (Branch)
32 Special Fittings Loss Factors 0.00 0.00
33 Duct Loss per VP (25 + 28 + 31 + 32) 2.4268 0.2102
34 Duct Loss (8*33) 1.3895 0.1203
35 Duct SP Loss (22 + 34) 2.495 0.120
36 Other Losses 0.00 0.00
37 Cumulative Static Pressure "wg 2.495 0.120
38 Governing Static Pressure (at TO location) "wg -2.495 0.12
39 Corrected Volumetric Flowrate cfm
40 Corrected Velocity fpm
41 Corrected Velocity Pressure "wg
42 Resultant Velocity Pressure "wg
Fan SP "wg = 2.042

Fan TP "wg = 2.615

Fan BHP hp = 0.91

Problem:

Estimate BHP of the fan for the two branched system in figure given below:

Hood A Hood B
Q = 1500 cfm Q = 300 cfm
He = 0.77 VP He = 0.18 VP

A-C = 25'; B-C = 30'; C-D = 17'; Exhaust =

Lengths:
10'
Transport
= 3800 fpm
velocity
Elbow Radius (R) = 2.5 D
Solution:
A Velocity Pressure Method Calculation Sheet has been used for design.
1 Duct Segment Identification ac bc VPr = 1.5 cd out
2 Target Volume Flowrate, Q = V*A- Chap 10 cfm 1500.0 300.0 2229.1 2229.1
SP3 = -
3 Min. Transport Velocity, V Chap 10 fpm 3800 3800 3800 3800
4.8359
Maximum Duct Diameter (D=
4 inches 8.51 3.80 10.37 10.37
((4*144*Q)/(pi*V))0.5)
5 Selected Duct Diameter inches 8.00 3.50 10.00 10.00
6 Duct Area (pi*(D/12)2/4) sq. ft 0.3491 0.0668 0.5454 0.5454
7 Actual Duct Velocity fpm 4297.2 4490.1 4087.1 4087.0
8 Duct Velocity Pres, VP = (V/4005)2 "wg 1.1512 1.2569 1.0414 1.0414
9 H Maximum Slot Area = (2/11) sq ft
10 O Slot area selected sq ft
11 O S Slot Velocity, Vs Chap 10 fpm
12 D L Slot Velocity Pres, VPs=(Vs/4005)2 "wg 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
13 O Slot Loss Coefficient, Chap 10, Chap 3
14 T Acceleration Factor 0 or 1
15 S S Slot Loss per VP (13+14) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
16 U Slot Static Pressure (12*15) "wg 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
17 C Duct Entry Loss Factor F5-12, Chap 10 0.770 0.180
18 T Acceleration Factor (1 at hoods) 1 or 0 1 1
19 I Duct Entry Loss per VP (17 + 18) 1.77 1.18 0.00 0.00
20 O Duct Entry Loss (8 * 19) "wg 2.038 1.483
21 N Other Losses "wg 0.000 0.000 0.000
22 Hood Static Pressure SPh (16+20+21) "wg 2.038 1.483 0.000 0.000
23 Straight Duct Length ft 25.0 30.0 17.0 10.0
24 Friction Factor (Hf) 0.0302 0.0828 0.0231 0.0231
25 Friction Loss per VP (23 * 24) 0.7547 2.4826 0.3921 0.2307
26 No. of 90 degree Elbows 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00
27 Elbow Loss Coefficient (Bottom of Page) 0.23 0.23
Elbow Loss per VP (26*Loss Factor)(bottom of
28 0.23 0.23
page)
( 1 or
29 No. of Branch Entries 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00
0)
30 Entry Loss Coefficient 0.28
31 Entry Loss per VP (29*Loss Factor) (Branch) 0.28
32 Special Fittings Loss Factors 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
33 Duct Loss per VP (25 + 28 + 31 + 32) 0.9847 2.9926 0.3921 0.2307
34 Duct Loss (8*33) 1.1337 3.7615 0.4083 0.2402
35 Duct SP Loss (22 + 34) 3.171 5.245 0.408 0.240
36 Other Losses 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
37 Cumulative Static Pressure "wg -3.171 -5.245 -0.408 0.240
38 Governing Static Pressure (at TO location) "wg -5.245 -5.245 -5.244 0.240
39 Corrected Volumetric Flowrate cfm 1929.15
40 Corrected Velocity fpm 5526.61
41 Corrected Velocity Pressure "wg 1.90
42 Resultant Velocity Pressure "wg
Fan SP "wg = 4.44

Fan TP "wg = 5.48

Fan BHP hp = 2.13

Problem:

Solve the above problem with the following data.

Hood A Hood B
Q = 2500 cfm Q = 1700 cfm
He = 0.66 VP He = 0.28 VP

A-C = 50'; B-C = 10'; C-D = 33'; Exhaust

Lengths:
= 10'
Transport
= 4000 fpm
velocity
Elbow Radius
= 2.0 D
(R)
Solution:
A Velocity Pressure Method Calculation Sheet has been used for design.
1 Duct Segment Identification ac bc VPr = 1.6 cd out
2 Target Volume Flowrate, Q = V*A- Chap 10 cfm 2500.0 1700.0 4426.4 4426.4
3 Min. Transport Velocity, V Chap 10 fpm 4000 4000 SP3 = -3.4887 4000 4000
Maximum Duct Diameter (D=
4 inches 10.70 8.83 14.24 14.24
((4*144*Q)/(pi*V))0.5)
5 Selected Duct Diameter inches 10.00 8.00 14.00 10.00
6 Duct Area (pi*(D/12)2/4) sq. ft 0.5454 0.3491 1.0690 0.5454
7 Actual Duct Velocity fpm 4583.7 4870.1 4140.7 8115.6
8 Duct Velocity Pres, VP = (V/4005)2 "wg 1.3098 1.4787 1.0689 4.1062
9 H Maximum Slot Area = (2/11) sq ft
10 O Slot area selected sq ft
11 O S Slot Velocity, Vs Chap 10 fpm
12 D L Slot Velocity Pres, VPs=(Vs/4005)2 "wg 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
13 O Slot Loss Coefficient, Chap 10, Chap 3
14 T Acceleration Factor 0 or 1
15 S S Slot Loss per VP (13+14) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
16 U Slot Static Pressure (12*15) "wg 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
17 C Duct Entry Loss Factor F5-12, Chap 10 0.660 0.280
18 T Acceleration Factor (1 at hoods) 1 or 0 1 1
19 I Duct Entry Loss per VP (17 + 18) 1.66 1.28 0.00 0.00
20 O Duct Entry Loss (8 * 19) "wg 2.174 1.893
21 N Other Losses "wg 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
22 Hood Static Pressure SPh (16+20+21) "wg 2.174 1.893 0.000 0.000
23 Straight Duct Length ft 50.0 10.0 33.0 10.0
24 Friction Factor (Hf) 0.0229 0.0299 0.0153 0.0218
25 Friction Loss per VP (23 * 24) 1.1429 0.2989 0.5037 0.2185
26 No. of 90 degree Elbows 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00
27 Elbow Loss Coefficient (Bottom of Page) 0.24 0.24
Elbow Loss per VP (26*Loss Factor)(bottom of
28 0.24 0.24
page)
( 1 or
29 No. of Branch Entries 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00
0)
30 Entry Loss Coefficient 0.28
31 Entry Loss per VP (29*Loss Factor) (Branch) 0.28
32 Special Fittings Loss Factors 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
33 Duct Loss per VP (25 + 28 + 31 + 32) 1.3829 0.8189 0.5037 0.2185
34 Duct Loss (8*33) 1.8113 1.2109 0.5384 0.8972
35 Duct SP Loss (22 + 34) 3.986 3.104 0.538 0.897
36 Other Losses 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
37 Cumulative Static Pressure "wg -3.986 -3.104 -0.538 0.897
38 Governing Static Pressure (at TO location) "wg -3.986 -3.986 -4.027 0.897
39 Corrected Volumetric Flowrate cfm 1926.45
40 Corrected Velocity fpm 5518.86
41 Corrected Velocity Pressure "wg 1.90
42 Resultant Velocity Pressure "wg
Fan SP "wg = 3.85

Fan TP "wg = 7.96

Fan BHP hp = 6.15