GRP 3 - Emperical Studies in Comparative Assessment Tools in Green Buildings

ASSIGNMENT:
EMPERICAL STUDIES IN
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT TOOLS
IN GREEN BUILDINGS
SBEQ 4312: SUSTAINABLE

CONSTRUCTION
PN. TANTISH BINTI KAMARUDDIN

DR. NAFISAH BINTI ABDUL RAHIMAN
NAME MATRIC.NO
AMEERA SHUHADA BINTI SHAHRIL A14BE0024
LIM SHIOU WEY A14BE0047
NOR IDAYU BINTI NOOR AZRI A14BE0098
SIA HUI RU A14BE0140

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We are very proud and very grateful to God because with his permission,
finally we can finish this group assignment. This assignment is very important for us
as it is in fulfillment of the desired grade.
Moreover, we would also like to thank the person who had helped us during
completing this assignment. Our first appreciation goes to our beloved lecturer of
Sustainable Construction, Pn. Tantish binti Kamaruddin and Dr. Nafisah Binti Abdul
Rahiman giving us much guidance in order to complete our report. Indeed, they had
played a role of a good motivator especially when we found difficulties during
problem of assignment and completion of this assignment. We will remember the
advice and knowledge that he had teaching to us.
We wish to thanks to our parents who has much contribute from the aspect and
morally support to u, group members and we also eager to comply our grateful with
our course mates who have giving us ideas and assistance to do this assignment.
Lastly, thanks to the parties those involved in helping us up the whole process of this
report. Without the people mentioned above, group assignment will not be success.
Therefore, we appreciate all the things they have done for us.
WORK DISTRIBUTION
NAME WORK DISTRIBUTION
Ameera Shuhada Binti Shahril Literature
Case Study - Africa, Australia
Discussion
Lim Shiou Wey Introduction
Case Study - America
Nor Idayu Binti Noor Azri Case Study - Europe
Discussion
Conclusion
Compile
Sia Hui Ru Case Study - Asia

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 OVERVIEW OF GREEN BUILDING ASSESSMENT TOOLS 1
1.2 EMPIRICAL STUDIES IN COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT TOOLS 3
2 LITERATURE REVIEW ON GREEN BUILDING ASSESSMENT TOOLS 4
2.1 IMPACT ON GLOBAL WARMING 4
2.2 DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY IN CONSTRUCTION

INDUSTRY 4
2.3 SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLE 5
2.4 GREEN BUILDING AND ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDING

APPLICATIONS 6
2.5 ASSESSMENT TOOLS DEVELOPMENT 9
3 CASE STUDY 10
3.1 ASIA 10
3.1.1 CASBEE, JAPAN 10
3.1.2 G - SEED, SOUTH KOREA 12
3.1.3 BCA GREEN MARK SCHEME, SINGAPORE 13
3.1.4 GBI, MALAYSIA 16
3.1.5 GreenRE, MALAYSIA 19
3.1.6 THREE STAR SYSTEM, CHINA 22
3.1.7 HK-BEAM PLUS, HONG KONG 24
3.1.8 GREENSHIP, INDONESIA 26
3.1.9 LOTUS, VIETNAM 29
3.1.10 GRIHA, INDIA 34
3.1.11 IGBC, INDIA 37
3.1.12 TREES, THAILAND 40
3.1.13 BERDE, PHILIPPINE 41

3.1.14 EEWH, TAIWAN 45
3.1.15 GREENSL® RATING SYSTEM, SRI LANKA 47
3.1.16 QSAS, QATAR 49
3.1.17 PEARL RATING SYSTEM, ABU DHABI 52
3.2 AMERICA 56
3.2.1 LEED 56
3.2.2 WELL 60
3.2.3 ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 60
3.4 EUROPE 62
3.4.1 HQE, FRANCE 62
3.4.2 LIDER A, PORTUGAL 65
3.4.3 BREEAM, UNITED KINGDOM 69
3.4.4 GREEN GLOBES, CANADA 73
3.4.5 DGNB, GERMANY 78
3.4.6 TQB, AUSTRIA 81
3.4.7 MINERGIE, SWITZERLAND 85
3.4.8 VERDE, SPAIN 89
3.4.9 PROMISE, FINLAND 91
3.5 AUSTRALIA 94
3.5.1 GREEN STAR 94
3.5.2 NABERS 97
3.6 AFRICA 99
3.6.1 SBAT, SOUTH AFRICA. 99
3.7 SUMMARY OF ASSESSMENT TOOLS IN GREEN BUILDING 101
4 DISCUSSION ON ASSESSMENT TOOLS IN GREEN BUILDING 113
5 CONCLUSION 115
6 REFERENCES 116
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 1 : List of green building assessment tools 3

Figure 2 : Sustainability development principle 5
Figure 3 : Sustainable Ranking Of Building By BEE 11
Figure 4 : BCA Green Mark Scheme assessment process 14
Figure 5 : HK - BEAM assessment process 25
Figure 6 : GRIHA assessment ratings 36
Figure 7 : IGBC assessment rating 39
Figure 8 : TREE assessment rating 40
Figure 9 : BERDE assessment process 43
Figure 10 : BERDE assessment rating 44
Figure 11 : Pearl Rating System assessment process 53
Figure 12 : Pearl Rating Levels 54
Figure 13 : LEED assessment criteria 57
Figure 14 : LEED assessment process 58
Figure 15 : Breakdown in LEED 2.2 new construction points 58
Figure 16 : Breakdown in LEED 3.0 new construction points 59
Figure 17 : HQE assessment process 63
Figure 18 : Lider A assessment process 67
Figure 19 : Lider A assessment rating 68
Figure 20 : BREEAM assessment process 71
Figure 21 : BRREAM assessment rating 72
Figure 22 : Green Globe assessment process 75
Figure 23 : Green Globe assessment rating 76
Figure 24 : DGNB assessment criteria 78
Figure 25 : DGNB assessment process for urban district 79
Figure 26 : DGNB assessment process for building 79
Figure 27 : DGNB assessment rating, new rating and old rating 80
Figure 28 : TBQ assessment process 82
Figure 29 : Minergie building standard 85
Figure 30 : Differences between Minergie building standard 86
Figure 31 : Minergie assessment process 88
Figure 32 : VERDE assessment rating 90
Figure 33 : Weightage point for each building 92
Figure 34 : PromisE assessment rating 93
Figure 35 : Green Star assessment rating 96
Figure 36 : NABER assessment process 98
Figure 37 : Structured approach stages 100
LIST OF TABLE
Table 1 : Carbon emission resulting from manufacturer of common building materials

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Table 2 : Green building checklist 8
Table 3 : G - SEED assessment rating 12
Table 4 : BCA Green Mark Scheme assessment rating 15
Table 5 : GBI assessment rating 18
Table 6 : GreenRE assessment rating 21
Table 7 : Item requirement for grade classification of green building (residential
building) 23
Table 8 : Item requirement for grade classification of green building (public building)
23
Table 9 : Greenship assessment rating 28
Table 10 : LOTUS assessment rating 33
Table 11 : EEWH assessment criteria 46
Table 12 : EEWH assessment rating 46
Table 13 : GREENSL® Rating System 48
Table 14 : HQE assessment criteria 63
Table 15 : Lider A assessment criteria 66
Table 16 : BREEAM assessment criteria 70
Table 17 : Green Globe assessment criteria 74
Table 18 : Green Globe assessment rating 76
Table 19 : TBQ assessment criteria 82
Table 20 : TBQ assessment rating 83
Table 21 : Minergie assessment criteria 87
Table 22 : PromisE assessment criteria 92
Table 23 : Green Star assessment process 95
Table 24 : SBAT assessment criteria 100
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW OF GREEN BUILDING ASSESSMENT TOOLS
Worldwide, buildings account for 17% of the fresh water usage, 25% of the
wood harvest, 33% of the carbon dioxide emissions and 40% of material and energy
use. In the United States alone, buildings are responsible for 71% of electricity
consumption (including mechanical, electrical, and building systems), 30% of the
waste output, 39% of carbon dioxide emissions and 12% of potable water
consumption (World Green Building Council, 2008). While green buildings usually
have a higher upfront cost, they offer several benefits. The average increased cost of a
green building has been estimate ed at an additional 2%, with an average lifecycle
savings of 20% for a savings of ten times the initial investment.(Kats, 2003) In
addition to lifecycle savings, building green creates other economic, environmental,
health and community benefits.
Construction-caused environmental pollution has increasingly become a major

pollution source. This understanding has exerted increasing pressure on construction
professionals for improving their environmental performance. According to the
International Energy Agency has identified the building sector as one of the most
cost- effective sectors for reducing energy consumption, with estimated possible
energy savings of 1.509 Mt of oil equivalent by 2050. Moreover, by reducing an
overall energy demand, improving energy efficiency in buildings can significantly
reduce CO emissions from the building sector, corresponding to possible mitigation of
12.6 Gt of CO emissions by 2050.
To foster the compliance with energy and environmental policies and the
respective legislative framework, and to measure sustainability in the built
environment, efficient assessment tools and methods have to be adopted and used
such as GBI, GB Tool, LEED, BREEAM, Green Star, CASBEE and etc. All
assessment methods emphasize the evaluation of the same environmental aspects,
considering energy consumption, water thriftiness, indoor environmental quality,
materials and resources use and the building‘s operational management. The
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differences mainly focus on the importance that each method attaches to the selective
evaluation criteria. For instance, BREEAM considers transport and pollution as
separate environmental aspects and evaluates them respectively, while LEED
incorporates them into the energy efficiency and sustainable site management
parameters. Nevertheless, energy efficiency in all rating systems accounts for more
than 20% of the total certification score. BREEAM‘s energy criteria are linked to the
European legislation, namely the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive while
LEED‘s energy criteria are based on the standards ASHRAE 90.1 and 189.1. Both
schemes have been modified for international applications and their requirements can
therefore become compatible with national pieces of legislation and standards.
Therefore, apart from the ultimate goal, which is fostering sustainability in the
building sector, all these tools focus on economic and financial motivation as means
of achieving increased energy efficiency. For instance, lower and off-peak energy
consumption, water thriftiness or optimized waste management, contribute to lower
operational costs, while the building‘s market value increases, due to building‘s
certified environmental sustainable profile. Finally, but not the least important, the
certification also assesses indoor air quality and thermal comfort aspects. In that sense
green certification aims to improve the quality of living and the productivity of the
buildings users, having an indirect but very specific impact on financial and social
issues.
2
1.2 EMPIRICAL STUDIES IN COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT TOOLS
The purpose of this studies involving every continent around the world, to
embark the level of adoption of green building and its application in promoting
sustainability in construction. Every assessment will be analysed an evaluated by
grouping all the criteria listed in the assessment and during the process of rating and
certifying the green building.
GREEN
BUILDING
ASESSMENT
TOOLS
ASIA AMERICA EUROPE AFRICA AUSTRALIA
1. CASBEE 1. GREEN
1. LEED
1. VERDE 1. SBAT STAR
2. G-SEED 2. WELL
2. TBQ 2. NABERS
3. BCA GREEN
MARK SCHEME 3. MINERGIE
4. GBI 4. PROMISE
5. GreenRE 5. BREEM
6. THREE STAR 6. HQE
SYSTEM 7. DBNG
7. HK-BEAM 8. LIDER A
8. GREENSHIP 9. GREEN
9. LOTUS GLOBE
10. GRIHA
11. IGBC
12. TREES
13. BERDE
14. EEWH
15. GREENSL
16. QSAS
17. PEARL
Figure 1 : List of green building assessment tools
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2 LITERATURE REVIEW ON GREEN BUILDING ASSESSMENT TOOLS
2.1 IMPACT ON GLOBAL WARMING
In the line rapid development in urban area, global warming become one of
the biggest issues to be encountered by the almost the whole urban area in the world.
By knowing the causes and the solution global warming effects can be reduced or
eliminated through some approaches related to sustainable construction or green
construction. The root to the global warming issue is emission of carbon known as
one of greenhouse gasses GHG. Water vapour, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4),
nitrous oxide (N2O), tropospheric ozone (O3) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
concluded as Greenhouse gasses.
2.2 DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY IN CONSTRUCTION

INDUSTRY
To delegate global objectives in requiring a reduction in global emissions from

2015 onwards, sustainable construction has been introduced through philosophy of
sustainable development by Bruntland in 1987. Due to philosophy every country has
set their own aim on the carbon reduction which considered carbon released by the
construction industry as the main cause to global warming and urban heat island.
Recently, several countries signed the Kyoto protocol and set their mission on carbon
reduction. The demand on environmental quality caused the implementation of
sustainable construction become more familiar.
In the urge of sustainable construction development, environment, social and

economic need considerations need to be examined in pre-construction, during
construction and post construction phases. Since the building contributed to
substantial role in energy consumption, while the energy sourced by the natural
energy. Carbon emissions highlighted as the main product lead to global warming
issues, 40% of primary energy consumption and 36% of the energy related CO2
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emissions produced by the building materials, especially on concrete and steel
manufacturing industry.
Common building Carbon released Carbon Nett

materials kg/t kg/m3 stored carbon
Treated timber 44 22 250 -228
Glue laminated timber 164 82 250 -168
Structural steel 1070 8132 15 8117
Reinforced concrete 76 182 0 182
Aluminium 2530 6325 0 6325
Table 1 : Carbon emission resulting from manufacturer of common building materials
Sources : (Buchanan, A. H., & Honey, B. G., 1994)
2.3 SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLE
Figure 2 : Sustainability development principle
In 21st century all cities should be greener and smarter in order to promote
sustainable cities amongst developing countries. The concept of ―green infrastructure‖
has become the key of in representing the sustainability in construction
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industry.Regarding to achieve carbon reduction aims and objectives some application
on sustainable-energy buildings try to be approached through:
i. Energy-efficient buildings
ii. Environmentally-friendly building
iii. Sustainable building
Sustainability also can be implemented in the line of adaption of sustainability

element at the concept design stages, the contribution on the green design by using
renewable resources compare to the usage of natural resources.
2.4 GREEN BUILDING AND ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDING

APPLICATIONS
In the point of view where the demand on energy and natural resources do not
match, green building and energy-efficient building have been introduced to cater this
issue. Green building classified as a building produce low energy or might be zero
energy consumption by mean the energy used solely come from renewable resources
and application of advanced integrated technologies which help in reduce energy
demand and consumption. Commonly known as environment friendly building as it is
built with the main purpose to minimize overall negative impacts to environment and
human health.
Green building approach has been developed with several best practices and
principle regarding preventing bad impacts towards the ecology and improve better
environment for human being. Based on the review by J.L. Zachariah, C. Kennedy
and K. Pressnail, (2002), there are seven dimension of green building created:
 Site selection and building orientation

 Energy consumption
 Material selection
 Indoor environmental quality
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 Water consumption
 Construction methodology
 Life-cycle costing
We can see these seven dimensions trying to give a balance amongst sustainability
principles to be fulfilled through environment, social and economy. The application of
this dimensions is flexible and can varies between the countries, this dimensions
applied different due to different climate condition for a certain developing countries
and the requirement also can be varies in order to fulfilled their own interest while
adopting green building.
Regarding to measure the level of the greenness there are methods and
assessment tools developed by some organization primarily use to assess the ability of
building performance. Here is the list of green building checklist developed base on
the basic 7 dimension stated by J.L. Zachariah, C. Kennedy and K. Pressnail, (2002):
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Site selection and building orientation
Reuse of an existing building
Development in an already built up area to minimise transportation impacts of
users
Reduced habitat disturbance
Preservation of native vegetation
Landscaping to prevent erosion control
Efficient building orientation
Energy consumption
Energy efficiency
Natural ventilation, heating and cooling
Use of renewable energy
Material selection
Products that reduce material use
Salvaged
products
Products with high post-consumer recycled content
Natural or minimally processed products
Alternatives to ozone depleting substances and products made from PVC
Products that reduce the impacts of new construction, renovation and demolition
Products that reduce environmental impacts during building operation
Building components that reduce heating and cooling loads
Products that prevent pollution
Indoor environmental quality
Elimination of asbestos
Products that block or remove indoor pollutants
Products that warn occupants of health hazards
Imposing a smoking ban
Installation of a permanent air monitoring system
Provision of special cleaning chemical storage areas
Inclusion of permanent entryway systems that prevent external particles from
contaminating the building interior
Water consumption
Installation of water conserving fixtures and the collection of
rainwater
Recovery of non-sewage wastewater for other purposes
Pervious paving materials
Waste
disposal
An on-site biological wastewater treatment system
Construction methodology
A construction waste management plan
Equipment that conserves energy
Life-cycle
costs
A totally integrated life cycle cost plan where savings from one system are used to
subsidise the cost of more expensive systems
A decommissioning plan
Table 2 : Green building checklist
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2.5 ASSESSMENT TOOLS DEVELOPMENT
The earliest assessments developed is building research establishment

environmental assessment method (BREEAM) in 1990, it is such comprehensive
building performance assessment method followed by the Green Building Program
method, C-2000, LEED Green Building Rating System and Green Building Tool. The
elements between these assessments might be simple different but the fundamental
while developing these assessment are based on the same principles. Throughout the
centuries, the application of assessment tools in green building has changed and
developed to cope with the necessity of different climate in every country in the
world.
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3 CASE STUDY
3.1 ASIA
3.1.1 CASBEE, JAPAN
The CASBEE or known as Comprehensive Assessment System for Building

Environment Efficiency, developed by Japan Green Build Council (JaGBC) and
Japan Sustainable Building Consortium (JSBC), is a tool for accessing and rating
environmental performance of building and built environment in Japan. It was
launched in 2001, and has developed into 10 categories, which includes new
construction, existing building, renovation, heat island, urban development, urban
area+building, cities, homes, market promotion, property appraisal (Candace, S.,
Antony, W., 2008). CASBEE was developed according to the following policies:
i. The system should be structured to award high assessments to superior

buildings, thereby enhancing incentives to designers and others.
ii. The assessment system should be as simple as possible.
iii. The system should be applicable to buildings in a wide range of building
types.
iv. The system should take into consideration issues and problems peculiar to
Japan and Asia.
3.1.1.1 ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
CASBEE focuses mainly on 10 assessment aspects, which are:
 Energy
 Resource and Materials
 Off-Site Environment
 Noise and Acoustics
 Thermal Comfort
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 Lighting and Illumination
 Air Quality
 Flexibility and Adaptability
 Preservation and Creation of Biotope
 Townscape and Landscape
3.1.1.2 ASSESSMENT RATING
The 10 assessment aspect is then divided into two groups, environmental

loading and environmental quality performance to determine the building
environmental efficiency (BEE). The efficiency is defined by the ratio of
environmental quality (Q) and performance to environmental loading (L).
Figure 3 : Sustainable Ranking Of Building By BEE
The CASBEE assessment is ranked in five grades: Superior (S), Very Good (A),
Good (B+), Slightly Poor (B-) and Poor (C). Achievement of a category is determined
by the building‘s score placement in the graph above.
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3.1.2 G - SEED, SOUTH KOREA
In 2001 South Korea‘s Ministry of Environment (MOE) and Ministry of Land,

Infrastructure and Transportation (MLIT) created the Green Building Certification
Criteria (GBCS) for efficient building energy consumption and reduction of
greenhouse gas, and in 2002, the Ministry of Construction further developed the
system. In 2013, the system underwent another revision and was renamed the Green
Standard of Energy and Environmental Design (G-SEED) (Wang, 2014).
There are seven categories of assessment for green buildings in G-SEED:
 Land Use & Transportation

 Energy & Pollution
 Materials & Resources
 Water
 Management
 Ecology
 Indoor Environment Quality
With 100 possible points, there are four certification levels:
Points Rating
74 and above Excellent (Green 1st)
66-73 points Very Good (Green 2nd)
58-65 points Good (Green 3rd)
50-57 points General (Green 4th)
Table 3 : G - SEED assessment rating
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3.1.3 BCA GREEN MARK SCHEME, SINGAPORE
The BCA Green Mark Scheme is an initiative to drive Singapore‘s

construction towards more environment-friendly buildings since 2005 (BCA
Singapore, 2015). It is intended to promote sustainability in the built environment and
raise environmental awareness among developers, designers and builders when they
start project conceptualisation and design, as well as during construction. Benefits of
BCA Green Mark include:
 Facilitate reduction in water and energy bills,

 Reduce potential environmental impact,
 Improve indoor environmental quality for a healthy and productive workplace,
 Provide clear direction for continual improvement.
Buildings will be awarded the Green Mark based on five key criteria area;
 Energy efficiency
 Water efficiency
 Environmental protection
 Other green features and innovation
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3.1.3.2 ASSESSMENT PROCESS
Figure 4 : BCA Green Mark Scheme assessment process
Developers, building owners and government agencies would have to submit

an application form to BCA to register their interest in participating in the BCA Green
Mark Scheme. BCA assessment team will have a preliminary meeting with the project
team or building management team to brief on the criteria and request for relevant
reports and documentary proofs to substantiate the subsequent submissions. Actual
assessment will be conducted on a later date once the team are ready. The assessment
will include design and documentary reviews as well as site verification.
Documentary evidences are to be submitted at the end of the assessment. Upon
completion of the assessment, a letter of award showing the certification level of the
projects will be sent to the team.
One of the features of BCA Green Mark different from other rating systems is
the pre-assessment in the assessment process in order to give the project team a better
understanding of BCA Green Mark requirements. Actual assessment to be conducted
once the design and documentary evidences are ready. And every 3 years, certified
Green Mark buildings need to re-assess to maintain the Green Mark status.
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The Green Mark Score of the building design is the total of all the numerical
scores (i.e. Green Mark points) assigned based on the degree of compliance with the
applicable criteria. The following table states the corresponding Green Mark Score to
attain the respective Green Mark rating.
Green Mark Score Green Mark Rating
70 and above Green Mark Platinum
60 to < 70 Green Mark Gold Plus
50 to < 60 Green Mark Gold
Table 4 : BCA Green Mark Scheme assessment rating
15
3.1.4 GBI, MALAYSIA
GBI or known as Green Building Index is Malaysia‘s industry recognized

rating tools for buildings to promote sustainability in the built environment and raise
awareness among Developers, Architects, Engineers, Planners, Designers, Contractors
and the Public about environmental issues and our responsibility to the future
generations. Different from other rating system like LEED, GBI is designed
specifically for the tropical climate when integrate Malaysia current social,
infrastructure and economic development (MGBC, 2015). The GBI rating system is
developed by Pertubuhan Arkitek Malaysia and the Association of Consulting
Engineers Malaysia.
There are six main criteria of GBI rating tool to assess commercial and residential
properties, which are:
 Indoor environment quality
 Sustainable site planning and management
 Materials and resources
 Innovation
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 STAGE 1: Application & Registration
Complete and submit the GBI Application Form with the Applicant‘s contact
details, project information and supporting documents to Greenbuildingindex Sdn
Bhd (GSB). The Registration Fee will be set depending on the size of the project.
Upon payment of the fees, a GBI registration number will be given and the GBI
Terms and Conditions will be signed between the Applicant and GSB. A GBI
Certifier will then be appointed for the project.
 STAGE 2: Design Assessment (DA)
When the Applicant is ready he may then submit the project for GBI Design
Assessment (DA) either directly or through an appointed GBI Facilitator.
Submission should be done when all key criteria of the design are finalised and
preferably before the commencement of construction so as to enable the project to
be monitored and assessed in its entirety. The GBI Certifier will then undertake
the Design Assessment for GSB. This may involve a presentation by the
Applicant and their Project Design Team or by the GBI Facilitator. The GBI
Certifier will upon completion, table the assessment report to the GBIAP to
register and award the certification. The provisional GBI Design Assessment
certification will then be issued with the accompanying GBI score sheet to show
the scores achieved.
 STAGE 3: Completion & Verification Assessment (CVA)
Upon completion of the project, the Applicant should submit for the
Completion and Verification Assessment (CVA). This is to be done within 12
months after the completion of the building or when the building becomes 50
percent occupied, whichever is the earlier. The final GBI award will be issued by
the GBIAP upon completion of this CVA assessment. Buildings will have to be
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re-assessed every three years in order to maintain their GBI rating to ensure that
the buildings are well-maintained.
The buildings are awarded by ―Platinum, Gold, Silver or Certified rating‖

based on the rating scores.
Points GBI Rating Inference
>86 Platinum Global Excellence
76 to 85 Gold National Excellence
66 to 75 Silver Excellent Practice
50 to 75 Certified Good Practice
Table 5 : GBI assessment rating
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3.1.5 GreenRE, MALAYSIA
GreenRE or Green Real Estate is rating tool introduced by Real Estate and
Housing Developers‘ Association Malaysia (REHDA) in 2013 for three types of
building including Residential Building (RES), Non-Residential Building (NRB) and
Existing Non Residential Building (ENRB). Non-residential building may include
other residential building such as office, retail mall, institutional, hotel and hospital,
industrial and other building types (Halmi, 2015).
The main five criteria of the rating tool consist of:
 Environment protection
 Other green features
 Carbon emission of development
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 Stage 1: Application and Registration
Applicants are required to submit the application form along with required
documents as stipulated. Then, a Letter of Offer (LOO) is issued to the applicant.
Once the Letter of Offer has been accepted by the applicant, the initial stage of the
project assessment can commence.
 Stage 2: Project Pre-Assessment and Actual Assessment
Upon confirmation of successful application of assessment of a project, the

pre-assessment stage commences. Documentary evidences as well as other
relevant information are required to be collected and compiled by the project team
in preparation for documentary audit. The documentary auditing procedure is
done in accordance to the guidelines and criteria set by GreenRE by the assessors
alongside the project team involved in the development. This two-way discussion
is essential in providing the best sustainable solutions for the development to
attain its intended goal.
After both parties have satisfied criteria and regulations stipulated, a Letter of
Award is issued to accredit the development under audit. Further issuance of
Provisional Certificates may be done if guidelines are met.
 Stage 3: Site Verification Assessment
After the construction and completion of the proposed development is done,

the applicant is required to submit a Site Verification Assessment Form (CSVA).
The Site Verification Form initiates the final step in the certification process,
which includes the physical verification of the project (site verification). If all
criteria and requirements agreed upon in the initial pre-assessment procedure is
satisfactory and have been sufficiently executed, a final review is done by the
Assessors and results will be notified. Following the final review, GreenRE green
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building certification is awarded to accredit the project team, individuals and
organizations involved in their achievements towards the advancement of the
sustainable building industry in Malaysia.
Points GreenRE Rating

90 and above Platinum
84-89 points Gold
75-84 points Silver
50-74 points Bronze
Table 6 : GreenRE assessment rating
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3.1.6 THREE STAR SYSTEM, CHINA
The Three Star System for Green Building is the national level standards of
China by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of China (Yang,
2014). The purpose is to create a voluntary rating system that will encourage green
development. The evaluation system has two different standards: one for residential
buildings and one for public (i.e. large commercial) buildings.
The evaluation standards system consists of six criteria:
 Land saving and outdoor environment

 Energy conservation and energy saving
 Water saving and water resource utilization
 Material saving and material resource utilization
 Operation production management

Every criterion has control indicators, general indicators, and optimal

indicators. A three star Green Building certificate will be awarded to the qualified
buildings. This system is similar to LEED in structure and rating process.
Three-stars are awarded to the highest rated green buildings and one-star
awarded to the lowest rated green buildings. The charts below show the different
ratings for residential and public buildings:
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Table 7 : Item requirement for grade classification of green building (residential building)
Table 8 : Item requirement for grade classification of green building (public building)
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3.1.7 HK-BEAM PLUS, HONG KONG
HK-BEAM Plus or Hong Kong Building Environmental Assessment Method

Plus is the comprehensive environmental assessment scheme to assess, improve,
certify and label the environmental performance of the buildings (Peter, 2010).
BEAM Plus has been officially launched since April 2010 by the Hong Kong Green
Building Council. It provides comprehensive assessment details for both new
buildings and existing buildings.
The main criteria include:
 Site aspects (SA) – This section primarily concern with land use and location,
site layout optimisation, transportation, accessibility, ecology, amenity, site
and neighbourhood interfaces, site emissions and management, etc.
 Material aspects (MA) – This section considers the optimisation in design
and operation in construction, innovative construction methods, building
flexibility and durability, the avoidance of environment damaging materials,
waste minimisation, etc.
 Energy use (EU) – This section encourages passive/low-energy design,
microclimate, plant/equipment efficiency, renewable energy, annual energy
consumption reduction, etc.
 Water use (WU) – This section is devoted to maintain the potable water
quality, water economy and recycling, and effluent management, etc.
 Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) – We live, work and play in
buildings therefore the quality of the environment is important. This section is
related to the features of safety, security, hygiene, amenities, thermal comfort,
ventilation effectiveness, indoor air quality (internal and external pollutants),
natural/artificial lighting, acoustics and vibration, etc.
24
 Innovation and additions (IA) – Since a rating tool is written document by
definition static, Innovation provides the section for the design team to excel,
offering credits for new and innovative sustainable building solutions that are
not used in Hong Kong Buildings. Once a new technique is widely adopted in
the industry, it no longer qualifies for the innovation credit, becoming the
criteria for a new credit.

Client: Approaches HK-BEAM assessors with their selected building for evaluation,
receives easy-to-use information checklists with which to collect data from the
designers / builders / managers. Information checklists with which to collect data from
the designers / builders / managers.
Assessor: Appraises the project against the HK-BEAM criteria. The Provisional
Assessment Report identifies those credits that have been achieved and exactly
performance could be improved.
Client: Pursues additional credits through refinements in building design, specification

and management. Details submitted for reassessment, advice provided on an on-going
basis
Assessor: Evaluates the proposed improvements, undertakes construction site /

building visits for verification. The Final Assessment Report and HK-BEAM certificate
issued on building completion.
Figure 5 : HK - BEAM assessment process
25
The overall assessment grade divided into 4 levels: platinum, gold, silver,
bronze and SA, EU and IEQ must meet with the minimum percentage.
3.1.8 GREENSHIP, INDONESIA
GREENSHIP Rating System is an assessment tool developed by the Green

Building Council of Indonesia (GBCI) to determine whether a building can be
declared eligible certified as green building or not. The tool is aimed to be used by
home developers, architects, mechanical and electrical professionals, landscape
designers, or even the property owner in attempting and advocate a sustainable issue.
The Greenship rating system has been launched in 17th June 2010 and it is currently
used as benchmark the environmental capability or performance of different buildings
in Indonesia. The main focus of establishments of Greenship is as a voluntary effort to
keep natural resources sustainable and to combat global warming.
This rating system is divided into six aspects namely:
 Appropriate site development (ASD)

Purpose: Maintaining or expanding the greening of town to improve
environmental quality, reducing direct runoff drainage system from overload
pressure and minimize the effect on ground water systems for building use.
26
 Energy efficiency & conservation (EEC)
Purpose: As a supporting facility procedures for checking and recording of
power consumption, encouraging the utilization of energy conservations
through the use of energy efficiency measures.
 Water conservation (WAC)

Purpose: Facilitate efforts to save water, the utilization of clean water sources
and ground water taps by introducing high productivity water and replace it
with the other source which still support the human life.
 Materials & Cycle Resources (MRC)

Purpose: Preventing the utilization of materials that have ODP and ODS
equivalent to or greater, utilizing local material and use to decrease the use of
new raw materials, reduce waste and to expand the lifetimes of a material
substance.
 Indoor Air Health and Comfort (IHC)

Purpose: To maintain and enhance indoor air quality by the introduction of
outside air including monitor the concentration of carbon dioxide, reduce
environmental pollution and cigarette smoke users of the building, decrease
contamination of unsafe chemicals, eye weariness, visual diversions and
keeping the noise level inside the room at an optimal level.
 Building & Environment Management (BEM)

Purpose: Directs the means of a Green Building design from an early stage to
facilitate the accomplishment of a design that meets the rating including
Commissioning Testing procedure, Advance Waste Management,
Implementation Data Base, Fit Out Agreement with the tenant, and Occupant
Survey.
27
Points Rating
86-100 points Platinum
60-79 points Gold
50-59 points Silver
40-49 points Certified
Table 9 : Greenship assessment rating
28
3.1.9 LOTUS, VIETNAM
LOTUS is a set of voluntary market-based green building rating systems

developed by the VGBC specifically for the Vietnamese built environment (Nguyen,
2016). LOTUS rating systems are based on various international green building rating
systems and have the following goals to:
 Establish standards and benchmarks specific to Vietnam

 Guide the local construction industry towards efficient use of natural resources
 Introduce and promote environmentally friendly practices
The LOTUS Certification System has been developed to consider all types of
construction projects and different LOTUS Rating Systems have been created to
adequately assess different types of project. Currently, the set of LOTUS Rating
Systems include the seven following systems:
 Non-residential
 Multi-family residential
 Small buildings
 Homes
 Building in operation
 Interior
 Small interior
There is a varying number of points available for each rating system. Typical
LOTUS categories which assess buildings according to an allocated weighting
includes:
29
 Energy
Fast economic growth has improved Vietnamese living conditions, however it
has also led to rapidly increasing energy demand. Vietnam‘s energy is mainly
generated from non-renewable fossil fuels, which is the main source of
greenhouse gas emissions. Buildings consume a significant proportion of
energy produced in Vietnam, but there is great potential for mitigating climate
change and energy insecurity by integrating energy efficiency measures into
buildings. Credits reward:
- Optimizing thermal performance
- Incorporating natural ventilation
- Adopting energy efficient technologies
- Utilising renewable energy sources
- Implementing advanced energy management technologies
 Water
Water quality and supply is a growing problem in Vietnam. Seasonal water
shortages are becoming acute, especially in the country's premier rice-
growing regions, and so threaten the nation‘s food security. As clean water
becomes less available its price is bound to increase. Therefore, a water-
efficient building will not only ensure consistency of operation and
production but also save money. Credits reward:
- Monitoring of water consumption
- Water-efficient fixtures
- Water reuse/recycling
- Rainwater harvesting
- Water efficient landscaping
 Material
The extraction, processing, transportation, use and disposal of any
construction material can have adverse effects on the environment. With rapid
urbanization, construction sites are rising in all corners of Vietnam and the
demand for construction materials is expected to rise by 10% annually.
Materials exploitation in Vietnam is often small-scale and processing
30
technologies are out-dated and inefficient, adding to the waste of natural
resources and environmental damage. Credits reward:
- Onsite reuse of materials & structure
- Consumption of materials with recycled content
- Materials from sustainable sources
- Unbaked materials
 Ecology
Vietnam‘s rapid urbanisation and economic growth is raising the general
standard of living, but it also poses a threat to ecosystems. As virgin land
quickly turns into construction sites, habitats and species are disappearing. To
reduce the impact of development on the natural environment, construction
projects should avoid areas of high ecological-value and preserve or create
habitats whenever possible. Credits reward:
- Appropriate site selection
- Preservation of top soil
- Biodiversity
- Vegetation & green roofing
 Waste and pollution

Buildings produce various forms of waste and pollution throughout their
lifecycle including sewer discharge, water & light pollution and greenhouse
gases. Vietnam‘s urban areas generate over 8 million tone of solid waste per
year, of which only about 70% is collected and treated. Reducing waste and
pollution is a key aim of any green building. Credits reward:
- Wastewater treatment & sewer discharge reduction
- Strategies and technologies which minimize the generation of waste &
pollutants
- Use of refrigerants that do not damage the ozone layer
- Management of waste throughout lifespan of buildings
- Reuse & recycling programs
 Health and comfort
31
A growing number of people will spend an increasing amount of their lives
within the built environment due to urbanisation. It makes economic sense to
maintain high standards of indoor environmental quality (IEQ). Good IEQ
reduces ill health and absenteeism and increases productivity resulting in
reduced costs and increased savings for building owners and operators. It also
increases the resale value of buildings. Credits reward:
- Quality of indoor air
- Visual, acoustic and thermal comfort
 Adaptation and mitigation

It has been predicted that Vietnam will be one of the five countries most
affected by climate change. Current Vietnamese buildings use conventional
construction practices and are susceptible to damage from floods, storms and
earthquakes. VGBC encourages design strategies and technologies to
strengthen buildings‘ resilience to natural disasters and reduce their
contribution to the impacts of climate change. Credits reward:
- Resistance to natural disasters
- Reduction of storm water runoff
- Mitigation of the heat island effect
- Use of green transport and local materials
 Community
Construction projects can have significant impacts on surrounding
communities, especially large scale projects in rural Vietnam. Although
development helps to create jobs and raise the living standards of nearby
communities, it can also have adverse impacts on local areas. It is important
in sustainable development to ensure that society, the economy and the
environment develop in harmony. Credits reward:
- Consulting with the community
- Conducting a heritage study
- Situating building near basic services/transport
- Employment of local workers
- Providing public space
32
 Management
It is extremely important that project teams work together, adopting
appropriate environmental principals at the project‘s inception with high
levels of communication and coordination between all parties. This includes
transferring information from the construction team to building users and
managers enabling design features to be understood. Credits reward:
- Internationally recognized project management systems
- Properly employed commissioning program
- Targeted & continuous preventative maintenance programs
 Innovation
Innovation drives projects to look at alternative or new strategies that will
enhance green buildings. Credits reward:
- Innovative techniques and initiatives
- Exceptional performance in other credits within LOTUS
LOTUS Certification consists of four levels of certification – Certified, Silver,

Gold and Platinum – based on the number of points a project is awarded.
Points Rating
90-120 points Platinum
78-89 points Gold
66-77 points Silver
48-65 points Certified
Table 10 : LOTUS assessment rating
33
3.1.10 GRIHA, INDIA
GRIHA or Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment is the National

Rating System for green buildings in India. The rating system was developed
considering India‘s national priorities and prevalent state of the buildings sector.
GRIHA can be classified as a performance based green building assessment system. It
analyses the environmental performance of a building during the construction, design
and the operation phase. GRIHA is a star-based rating system which rates residential,
commercial as well as institutional buildings.
GRIHA identifies five broad categories for assessing the environmental

performance of buildings. These are:
 Site Planning;
 Energy Efficiency;
 Water, wastewater and Solid Waste Management;
 Health and Well Being; and
 Sustainable Construction Materials.
i. Registration
A project must be registered with GRIHA Council through the GRIHA website by
filling in the registration form online. Registration should preferably be done at
beginning of a project, as several issues need to be addressed at the pre-design
stage. The registration process includes access to the essential information related
to rating.
34
ii. Post-registration workshop
An orientation workshop is conducted by the GRIHA Council, for the entire
project team comprising of the owner, architect, MEP Consultants, landscape
consultants, project manager, etc. The workshop serves the dual purpose of
awareness of GRIHA System for all involved and identification and evaluation of
the optional criteria to enhance the rating of the project.
iii. Online Submission of documents

The project proponent is required to provide documentary evidence to
demonstrate compliance with the criteria. The required list of documents is
mentioned in the criteria in the GRIHA Manual. All compliance documents shall
be submitted through the online portal on the GRIHA website. Submitted
documents will be checked and vetted by GRIHA Council.
iv. Due Diligence

Three site visits will be conducted as part of the rating process to verify the
compliances on site. The first site visit will be done when the project is at plinth
level, the second one will be done when the structural work is complete and
interior finishing is in progress. The third and final site visit will be done after the
preliminary document assessment by GRIHA.
v. Evaluation Process
Complete and consolidated rating documents submitted by the project proponent
shall be sent for a third-party review. Third party reviewers are identified and
trained by the GRIHA Council under the supervision of the Technical Advisory
Committee of GRIHA. On-site checks will be carried out by the GRIHA Council
3 times during the project execution phase for auditing the green features as part
of the Due-Diligence visits.
a. The submission summary report generated by the online portal will be sent to
the evaluators. The evaluators will award provisional points and comment on
specific criteria, if need be.
b. The evaluation report will be sent to the project proponent to review the same
and, if desired, take steps to increase the score. The report will have elaborate
35
remarks of the evaluation committee along with comments. The report will list
the criteria for which the documentation is incomplete, detailing the
information, which is required.
c. The project proponent will be given one-month time to resubmit the

documents with necessary modifications /additions. The resubmitted
documents will comprise only of the additional documents / information
desired in the evaluation report.
d. The resubmitted documents will again be put through the vetting process
described above. The evaluation committee will then award the final score.
e. The final score will be presented to the National Advisory committee

comprising of eminent personalities and renowned professionals in the field,
for approval and award of the provisional rating.
f. Final award of rating will be subject to an independent energy audit of the

project after a year of commissioning the building.
Once rated, the rating will be valid for a period of five years from the date of
commissioning of the building. GRIHA reserves the right to undertake a random on-
site audit of any criteria for which points have been awarded.
Figure 6 : GRIHA assessment ratings
36
3.1.11 IGBC, INDIA
The Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) was formed in 2001 by India‘s
apex industry Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). IGBC has set up the Green New
Buildings Core Committee to develop the rating programme. This committee
comprised of key stakeholders, including architects, builders, consultants, developers,
owners, institutions, manufacturers and industry representatives. The committee, with
a diverse background and knowledge has enriched the rating system, both in its
content and process
IGBC Green New Buildings rating system® is a voluntary and consensus

based programme. The rating system has been developed based on materials and
technologies that are presently available. The objective of IGBC Green New
Buildings rating system is to facilitate a holistic approach to create environment
friendly buildings, through architectural design, water efficiency, effective handling
of waste, energy efficiency, sustainable buildings, and focus on occupant comfort &
well-being.
IGBC covers the following area:
 Sustainable architecture and design

 Site selection and planning
 Selection of species for landscape
 Transportation planning
 Water conservation
 Building material and resources
 Health and wellbeing
37
 Health and hygiene
 Operation and maintenance
 Green education
 Innovation and development
To achieve the IGBC Green New Buildings rating, the project must satisfy all
the mandatory requirements and the minimum number of credit points. The project
team is expected to provide supporting documents at preliminary and final stage of
submission, for all the mandatory requirements and the credits attempted. The project
needs to submit the following:
1. General information about project, including

- Project brief stating project type, different type of spaces, occupancy, number
of floors, area statement, etc.,
- General drawings
2. Filled-in templates
3. Narratives and supporting documentation such as drawings, calculations,

declarations / contract documents, purchase invoices, manufacturer cut-sheets /
letters / material test reports, etc., for each mandatory requirement and credit.
The project documentation is submitted in two phases - Preliminary submittal and

Final submittal:
- Preliminary phase involves submission of all documents, which shall
include the mandatory requirements and the minimum number of credits.
After the preliminary submission, review is done by third party assessors
and review comments would be provided within 30 days.
- The next phase involves submission of clarifications to preliminary review
queries and final submittal. This review will also be provided within 30
days, after which the rating is awarded.
38
Figure 7 : IGBC assessment rating
39
3.1.12 TREES, THAILAND
TREES or Thai's Rating of Energy and Environmental Sustainability is a

green building rating system developed by Thai Green Building Institute which
specially designed for green buildings with Thai context. TREES Rating systems
address following types and scopes of the projects:
 Existing Rating systems: TREES – NC aims for certifying new or major

renovated projects
 TREES - Pre NC aims for certifying new or major renovated projects in the
design phase in order to get some benefits such as marketing or F.A.R bonus.
TREES covers eight areas:
 Energy conservation
 Location and landscape
 Materials and resources
 Building management
 Water conservation
 Innovation
 Environmental protection.
Figure 8 : TREE assessment rating
40
3.1.13 BERDE, PHILIPPINE
BERDE is a green building rating system developed by the Philippine Green

Building Council (PHILGBC), and is used to measure, verify, and monitor the
environmental performance of buildings that exceeds existing mandatory regulations
and standards. It is consensus-driven, and achieved through a multi-stakeholder
consultation and collaboration process.
The BERDE Green Building Rating System focuses on the following categories as
part of its framework:
 Management. Management focuses on the environmental performance of a

building, from its pre-construction or design phase to the construction, post-
construction, commissioning and operation. This category incorporates
commitment to the compliance of national and local laws, establishment of
teams and commissioning team, conducting a stakeholder consultation and
formation of design charrettes, all constituting the design and construction
phase to properly address different environmental issues.
 Land Use and Ecology. Land Use and Ecology tackles different issues on the
condition and the development of the site during the certification period. This
category includes the promotion of the integrated design process for pollution
control from construction activities, utilizing lands previously developed,
protection of ecological features and biodiversity, and reduction of
environmental impacts through encouraging environment-resilient site
development.
 Water. Water mainly addresses the reduction of potable water consumption

and wastewater discharge. The category covers effluent monitoring to manage
the sewage discharging and minimize effluent discharge, providing a water
41
meter to create management efficiency, and the reduction of potable water for
landscape irrigation.
 Energy. Energy mainly focuses on the reduction of energy

consumption. Aspects affecting energy efficiency of the building is an
integral part of the category. The category encompasses monitoring of energy
consumption, energy efficiency improvement, improvement of operation and
maintenance, integration of sustainable design, use of improving technologies
and energy efficient equipment, energy simulation, and use of automation.
 Transportation. Transportation focuses on lessening transport circulation

and encouraging the use of alternative transportation, thus lowering emission
and use of energy. This category covers use of alternative and greener mode
of transportation and providing enough parking to encourage use of alternative
transportation, and reduce emission, congestion and hardscapes. The category
also deals with the proximity of key establishments, public access, and
transport amenities to further reduce the extended travels.
 Indoor Environment Quality. Indoor Environment Quality deals with

human comfort, lighting, thermal levels, acoustics, and views. The category
includes lighting design to acquire good lighting levels, control the
illumination and prevent glare, thermal levels, and indoor acoustics.
 Materials. Materials generally deals with hazardous substances, measure of

recycled content, and the building materials‘ reduction of CO2
emissions. This category covers different engineering disciplines specifically
civil works, electrical works, and architectural finishes.
 Emissions. Emission deals with the building‘s emissions and ways to

measure and prevent further emissions. This category includes carbon
inventory, prevention of refrigerant leak through providing measure to monitor
it, and controlling emissions from equipment which involve combustion and
burning.
 Waste. Waste deals with the management of waste in the building from the
design to the construction, operation and deconstruction stage. This category
includes formulating an overall waste management plan and recycling plan,
42
looking over waste management during construction, and the establishment of
a materials recovery facility.
 Heritage Conservation. Heritage Conservation deals with the conservation of

the Philippine historic and heritage sites and preservation of the country‘s
culture. The category includes conservation assessment, protection of
significant features of a heritage building, and promotion of heritage features.
 Innovation. Innovation focuses on encouraging the industry to go above and

beyond the rating scheme, and to recognize and reward those who innovate
new technology, design and processes that will impact the environmental
performance of the building. The category provides additional recognition for
initiatives that innovate in the field of sustainability.
Projects must complete all three stages to receive a complete BERDE Certification.
The process includes:
i. Registration
ii. Stage 1
iii. Stage 2
Figure 9 : BERDE assessment process
43
BERDE certified green building projects may be awarded with a 1-Star to a 5-

Star BERDE rating based on the outcomes of the assessment process.
Figure 10 : BERDE assessment rating
44
3.1.14 EEWH, TAIWAN
Ecology, Energy Saving, Waste Reduction and Health (EEWH) was established in
Taiwan in 1999 by the Architecture Research Institute of the Ministry of the Interior. The
original system comprised of seven evaluation indicators: greenery (vegetation planting),
water infiltration and retention, daily energy conservation, water conservation, CO2 emission
reduction, construction waste reduction, and sewage and waste disposal facility improvement.
In 2003, two indicators were added to the system, including biodiversity and indoor
environment quality. Certification is mandatory for any new public building construction
project funded by the government that exceeds US$1.5 million and for all central and local
governmental buildings; it is voluntary for other buildings (Hong, 2007).
By the end of 2013, a total of 4,300 buildings had been certified using the EEWH
rating system. Certified buildings reported an average of 1.213 billion kilowatt hours in
energy and 55.49 million tons of water savings a year.
The categories considered under the tool include:
Category Contents
Indicators Evaluation Items
Ecology 1. Biodiversity Ecological network, biological
habitat, plant diversity, soil
ecosystem
2. Greenery CO₂ absorption (kg-CO₂/(m2
.40yr))
3. Water content of the Water infiltration and
site retention, storm water runoff
management
45
Energy Saving 4. Daily Enery Building envelope design
Conservation ENVLOAD (20% higher than
(prerequisite) building regulation), and other
techniques (including HVAC
system, lighting, management
system)
Waste Reduction 5. CO2 Emission CO₂ emission of building
Reduction materials (kgCO₂/m2 ）
6. Construction Waste Waste of soil, construction,
Reduction destruction, utilization of
recycled materials
Health 7. Indoor Environment Acoustics, illumination, and
ventilation, interior finishing
building materials
8. Water Conservation Water usage (L/person),
(prerequisite) hygienic instrument with water
saving, grey water reuse
9. Sewerage and waste Sewer plumbing, sanitary
disposal facility condition for garbage
improvement gathering, compost
Table 11 : EEWH assessment criteria
EEWH-RN uses the five grade levels —Qualified, Bronze, Silver, Gold and Diamond. The
grading criteria are shown in the table below.
Grade Level Qualified Bronze Silver Gold Diamond

Score Range 0-30% 30-60% 60-80% 80-95% >95%
Table 12 : EEWH assessment rating
46
3.1.15 GREENSL® RATING SYSTEM, SRI LANKA
A Green Environmental Rating System applicable to Sri Lanka has been formulated
as a ‗home-grown system‘ with all norms acceptable to leading rating systems, after
conducting research projects and workshops by an Expert Committee appointed by the
GBCSL, with the assistance of national and international experts. The Expert Committee has
studied the experiences of green building initiatives of India, China, Indonesia, Malaysia and
Singapore, which are the fast developing economies in our region (GBCSL, 2017).
The GREENSL®Rating System for existing and new buildings is a set of

performance standards used to certify the operations and maintenance of in the form of
commercial or institutional buildings and residential buildings of all sized, both public and
private. The intent is to promote high performance, healthy, durable and affordable
environmentally sound practices in existing buildings and it encourages owners and operators
of building to implement sustainable practices and reduce the negative environmental impacts
of the building over the functional lifetime.
Prerequisites and credits in the GreenSL® Rating System for Existing address eight aspects.
 Management (MN)
 Sustainable Sites (SS)
 Energy and Atmosphere (EA)
 Materials and Resources (MR)
 Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ)
 Innovation and Design Process (ID)
 Social and Cultural Awareness (SC)
47
Green Rating Certification is a formal process which involves a project using a Green
rating tool to guide the design or construction process during which a documentation-based
submission is collated as proof of this achievement. The Green Building Council of Sri Lanka
(GBCSL) will commission a panel of Certified Assessors to validate that the documentation
for all claimed credits is in adherence with the Compliance Requirements as outlined in the
ratings document.
Once the application has submitted, the steps below followed:
1. GBCSL assessment team will have a preliminary meeting with the project team to brief
on the assessment process and criteria
2. Request for relevant reports and documentary proofs to substantiate the subsequent
submissions.
3. Commence actual assessment which will include design and documentary reviews as well
as site verification.
4. Documentary evidences are to be submitted at the end of the assessment.
5. Upon completion of the assessment, the Panel of Assessors will make recommendation to
the GBCSL Accreditation Board on the level of certification to be awarded to the project.
6. The GBCSL Accreditation Board after making their own assessment and will recommend
to the Board of Directors of the GBCSL to award appropriate level of rating.
The certification from the GREENSL® Rating System will be awarded according to the
following scales:
Grade Level Platinum Gold Silver Certified

Score Range 70 points and 60-69 50-59 40-49
above
Table 13 : GREENSL® Rating System
48
3.1.16 QSAS, QATAR
Qatar Sustainability Assessment System (QSAS) is a green building certification

system developed for the State of Qatar. The primary objective of QSAS is to create a
sustainable built environment that minimizes ecological impact while addressing the specific
regional needs and environment of Qatar. The development of the rating system took
advantage of a comprehensive review of combined best practices employed by a mix of
established international and regional rating systems.
This review has been performed while taking into consideration the needs that are
specific to Qatar‘s local environment, culture, and policies. Measurements for the rating
system are designed to be performance-based and quantifiable. The result is a performance-
based sustainable building rating system customized to the unique conditions and
requirements of the State of Qatar.
QSAS consists of a series of sustainable categories and criteria, each with a direct
impact on environmental stress mitigation. Each category measures a different aspect of the
project‘s environmental impact. The categories define these broad impacts and address ways
in which a project can mitigate the negative environmental effects. A score is then awarded to
each criterion based on the degree of compliance.
The eight categories of QSAS are the following:
 Urban Connectivity
The Urban Connectivity category consists of factors associated with the urban
environment such as zoning, transportation networks and loadings. Loadings on the
urban environment include traffic congestion and pollution.
49
 Site
The Site category consists of factors associated with land use such as land
conservation or remediation and site selection, planning and development.
 Energy
The Energy category consists of factors associated with energy demand of buildings,
the efficiency of energy delivery, and the use of fossil energy sources that result in
harmful emissions.
 Water
The Water category consists of factors associated with water consumption and its
associated burden on municipal supply and treatment systems.
 Materials
The Materials category consists of factors associated with material extraction,
processing, manufacturing, distribution, use/re-use, and disposal.
 Indoor Environment
The Indoor Environment category consists of factors associated with indoor
environmental quality such as thermal comfort, air quality, acoustic quality, and light
quality.
 Cultural & Economic Value

The Cultural and Economic Value category consists of factors associated with cultural
conservation and support of the national economy.
 Management & Operations

The Management and Operations category consists of factors associated with building
design management and operations.
50
QSAS consists of six certification levels to measure the project‘s impact. A building
that obtains a cumulative final score below 0 does not meet the baseline and will be denied
certification. Certification can only be achieved when the final score is greater than or equal
to 0, earning a rating of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 stars. The highest score a building can achieve is 3.0
and the highest certification level is 6 stars.
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3.1.17 PEARL RATING SYSTEM, ABU DHABI
The Pearl Rating System is the green building rating system developed by the Abu
Dhabi Urban Planning Council as part of their sustainable development initiative, Estidama
(Sustainability). The system can be applied to communities, buildings and villas, with
different requirements for each.
The Pearl Rating System for Estidama aims to address the sustainability of a given
development throughout its lifecycle from design through construction to operation. The
Pearl Rating System provides design guidance and detailed requirements for rating a project‘s
potential performance in relation to the four pillars of Estidama (Abu Dhabi Planning
Council, 2010).
The Pearl Rating System is organized into seven categories that are fundamental to more
sustainable development. These form the heart of the Pearl Rating System:
 Integrated Development Process

Encouraging cross-disciplinary teamwork to deliver environmental and quality
management throughout the life of the project.
 Natural Systems
Conserving, preserving and restoring the region‘s critical natural environments and
habitats.
 Livable Communities
Improving the quality and connectivity of outdoor and indoor spaces.
52
 Precious Water
Reducing water demand and encouraging efficient distribution and alternative water
sources.
 Resourceful Energy
Targeting energy conservation through passive design measures, reduced demand,
energy efficiency and renewable sources.
 Stewarding Materials
Ensuring consideration of the whole-of-life cycle when selecting and specifying
materials.
 Innovating Practice:
Encouraging innovation in building design and construction to facilitate market and
industry transformation.
There are three stages of certification associated with the Pearl Rating System: Design,
Construction and Operational
Figure 11 : Pearl Rating System assessment process
53
 Pearl Design Rating - The Design Rating rewards measures adopted during the
design development of the project that meet the intent and requirements of each
credit.
 Pearl Construction Rating - The Construction Rating ensures that the commitments
made for the Design Rating have been achieved. The Construction Rating requires
that all collateral, branding and communication materials identify the project as a
Pearl Construction Rated project.
 Pearl Operational Rating – The operational rating assesses the built-in features and
operational performance of an existing building and ensures the building is operating
sustainably. The operational rating can only be achieved a minimum of two years
after construction completion and when the building has reached a minimum
occupancy of 80%.
Within each section there are both mandatory and optional credits and credit points
are awarded for each optional credit achieved. To achieve a 1 Pearl rating, all the mandatory
credit requirements must be met. To achieve a higher Pearl rating, all the mandatory credit
requirements must be met along with a minimum number of credit points.
Figure 12 : Pearl Rating Levels
54
1. Silver level certification is achieved by meeting 100% of the preconditions applicable to
the typology in all concepts.
2. Gold level certification is achieved by meeting 100% of the preconditions applicable to
the typology, as well as 40% or more of the optimizations.
3. Platinum level certification is achieved by meeting 100% of the preconditions applicable
to the typology, as well as 80% or more of the optimizations.
55
3.2 AMERICA
3.2.1 LEED
Outlined below are the building rating systems most commonly in use within the U.S.
in the private and public sectors. Additionally, international programs are developed to solely
provide a preference point for developing projects outside the U.S. Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design (LEED), which it was created in 2000 by the U.S. Green Building
Council (USGBC), for rating design and construction practices that would define a green
building in the United States. LEED is used throughout North America as well as in more
than 30 countries with over 6,300 projects currently certified across the globe and over
21,000 projects registered. As of September 2010, over 35 state governments, 380 cities and
towns, and 58 counties have enacted sustainable legislation, ordinances, or policies, many of
which specifically call for LEED certification.
Since the development of LEED New Construction and Major Renovation, there has
been a growth in participation. Currently, there are over 4200 projects registered and working
to achieve certification. Over 600 projects have completed the process and achieved one of
the four LEED certification levels. To promote and facilitate the LEED process, there are
over 50,000 LEED Accredited Professionals. The assessment process for LEED begins with
building registration by the design team. The team submits info at two stages, design
submittal and construction submittal. A review by the USGBC occurs after each submittal.
After the final submittal, a LEED certified designation is issued to the building.
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Energy and
Site Selection Water Efficiency
Atmosphere
Indoor
Materials and
Environmental Regional Priority
Resources
Quality
Innovation in
Design
Figure 13 : LEED assessment criteria
LEED consists of credits, which earn points in seven categories: Site Selection, Water
Efficiency, Energy and Atmosphere, Materials and Resources, Indoor Environmental Quality,
Regional Priority, and Innovation in Design. One hundred points are available across these
categories with mandatory prerequisites such as minimum energy and water-use reduction,
recycling collection, and tobacco smoke control. Within each category are credits that pertain
to specific strategies for sustainability, such as the use of low-emitting products, reduced
water consumption, energy efficiency, access to public transportation, recycled content,
renewable energy, and daylighting. Since its inception, LEED standards have become more
stringent as the market has changed and expanded to include distinct rating systems that
address different building types: New Construction, Existing Buildings, Commercial
Interiors, Core & Shell, Schools, Retail, Healthcare, Homes, and Neighbourhood
Development.
57
Design Design Construction Construction

Registration
Submittal Review Submittal Review
Figure 14 : LEED assessment process
LEED uses a simple process for calculation of the final scores. A point is awarded if
the criteria are met. There are no fractions of points awarded for partial completion. The sum
of the category points produces the final number. There are no weighted factors applied at the
end.
LEED 2.2
7.46
19.38
22.36
4.47
25.34
20.87
Site selection Water Energy Materials and Resources Indoor Air Quality Other
Figure 15 : Breakdown in LEED 2.2 new construction points
58
LEED 3.0
9.4
24.51
14.14
5.66
13.2
32.99
Site selection Water Energy Materials and Resources Indoor Air Quality Other
Figure 16 : Breakdown in LEED 3.0 new construction points
The LEED certification process takes place at LEED Online. Project teams are
required to compile documentation to show compliance with LEED requirements and upload
this documentation to the LEED Online website. The documentation is then reviewed by the
Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI). A LEED certification is earned if all
prerequisites and a sufficient number of credits are earned. There are four levels of LEED
certification: Certified, Silver, Gold, and Platinum. There are no on-site visits required and
certification can occur upon completion of construction.
59
3.2.2 WELL
WELL is a building standard which purposely developed by International WELL

Building Institute (IWBI) in October 2014. The standard covered premier standard for
buildings, interior spaces and communities seeking to implement, validate and measure
features that support and advance human health and wellness.
WELL Certified spaces and WELL Core and Shell Compliant developments can help
create a built environment that improves the nutrition, fitness, mood, sleep patterns and
performance of its occupants. WELL is composed of over 100 features that are applied to
each building project, and each WELL feature is designed to address issues that impact the
health, comfort, or knowledge of occupants. Many WELL Features intended to improve
health are supported by existing government standards or other standards-setting
organizations. For WELL, three project typologies are: New and Existing Buildings, New
and Existing Interiors, and Core and Shell.
3.2.3 ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
`WELL is a performance-based system for measuring, certifying, and monitoring

features of the built environment that impact human health and well-being by looking at
seven factors, or Concepts. WELL is grounded in a body of medical research that explores
the connection between the buildings where people spend more than 90 per cent of their time,
and the health and wellness impacts on occupants.
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To determine the elements prepared by WELL building standard a project‘s assessor
play significant roles to give credits by applying several scoring method. The elements
involved in scoring listed as followed:
 Air
 Water
 Nourishment,
 Light,
 Fitness,
 Comfort,
 Mind.
The assessor will score based on the guideline and specific formula set by the building
standard. The scores will lead to three levels of WELL Certification, the levels listed as
follow:
 Silver (scores 5 to 6)
 Gold (scores 7 to 8)
 Platinum (scores 9 to 10)
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3.4 EUROPE
3.4.1 HQE, FRANCE
Haute Qualité Environnementale or High Environmental Quality (HQE) founded in

France during 2012 in building certification system and it was developed by the non-
governmental organization Association HQE based in Paris, France. Association HQE
focuses on research and development as well as on promotional activities for the HQE
certificate.
HQE certificate scheme is operated through three different certificate bodies:

 Certivéa (non-residential sector)
 Cerqual (collective housing)
 Cequami (individual housing)
While for the outside France, it is operated by the Cerway, the professional who has
recognized and accredited after training and examination, known as HQE Référents.
HQE is focusing on four categories; they are energy, environment, health and
comfort. These 4 main categories can be divided into 14 target criteria.
Energy Energy
Site
Component
Worksite
Environment
Water
Waste
Upkeep - maintenance
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Hygrothermal
Acoustic
Comfort
Visual
Olfactory
Quality of Space
Health Air Quality
Health Quality of Water
Table 14 : HQE assessment criteria
Figure 17 : HQE assessment process
Sources: http://www.behqe.com/offers/residential-building
The HQE certification has 3-step process:
1. Application and Contract

 The applicant issue an application request with the relevant operator, including a
description of aspect targets that the project is planning to reach
 An eligibility check is carried out by Cerway outside France or, in France, by the
relevant operator
 An offer of agreement for initiates the certification process is made with Cerway
outside France or, in France, by the relevant operator.
63
2. Intervention: Audits by third party assessment and verification processes that allow
determining that the HQE criteria are met. The results of each audit are captured in a
report.
 The project initiation audit is designed to check whether all project management
requirements are met. This audit is optional for the non-housing related schemes.
 The design audit check that the agreed environmental targets will be met. This audit
is also optional for the non-housing related schemes
 The completion audit is conducted onsite, following project completion.
3. Certification
 The audit reports are submitted to a commission run by the scheme operator.
 Upon review of the documentation submitted, the commission may issue approval and
issues a pre-certificate. This can be done after each audit phase: the commission then
simply updates the pre-certificate as the project moves from initiation, to design, to
completion
 The final HQE certificate is delivered upon approval of the final, completion audit.
3.4.1.3 ASSESSEMENT RATING
The HQE ratings are:

 Pass (1 star)
 Good (2 stars)
 Very Good (3 stars)
 Excellent (4 stars)
 Exceptional (5 stars)
The ratings are represented by a maximum of up to four stars indicating the level of
achievement in the four categories, energy, environment, health and comfort. Based on the
total number of stars obtained, an overall HQE level is then given according to the rating.
Exceptional ratings is given when the building meet all the four criteria with 4 stars
achievement level.
64
3.4.2 LIDER A, PORTUGAL
Lider means lead in English, which is Lider A is aim in to be a leader for the
environment in search of sustainable construction. It has been developed by Manuel Duarte
Pinheiro in IST‘s Architecture and Civil Engineering Department (Lisbon, Portugal). The
research begun in 2000 and it completed in 2005. In 2007, the first certification been
delivered.
Lider A can be applied at different stages, the application start from the initial phase
(planning and design stages), construction stage and operation phase. It is to ensure all the
criteria in Lider A is being applied to reach sustainable principle. Lider A is suitable to use in
different type of building including such as residential, touristic, commercial, services, and
other developments (buildings and intervened spaces).
Lider A has six principles in order to achieve sustainability, which are:-
 Principle 1 - To Improve local dynamics and promoting appropriate integration

 Principle 2 - To promote the efficient use of resources
 Principle 3 - To reduce the impact of environmental loads (both in value and in
toxicity)
 Principle 4 - To ensure the environments‘ quality, by focusing on environmental
comfort
 Principle 5 - To promote sustainable socio-economic experiences
 Principle 6 - To ensure the sustainable use of the built environment, through
environmental management and innovation
65
By using these 6 principles, six different aspects have been divided with 23 areas:-
Soil
Site and Integration Natural ecosystems
Landscape and heritage
Energy
Water
Resources
Material
Food production
Wastewater
Environmental Loadings Noise emission
Thermal and light pollution
Air quality
Environmental Comfort Thermal comfort
Lighting and acoustic
Access for all
Economic diversity
Socioeconomic Experience Amenities and social interaction
Control and participation
Life cycle cost
Environment management
Sustainable Use
Innovation
Table 15 : Lider A assessment criteria
66
Figure 18 : Lider A assessment process
Source: http://www.lidera.info/?p=MenuPage&MenuId=16
Plans, projects and constructions that demonstrate a good performance in the search
for sustainability can require LiderA to verify it and if its performance is equal to or higher
than class C, it can be attributed the official title. In the project phase, it is called recognition
and in the construction and operation phases, it is called certification.
Registration:
During the registration phase, the applicator needs to define the strategy for implementing
LiderA by specify the characteristic of his project and its phase. Ensure that applicator have
the ability to select and develop sustainable integrated solutions.
Develop and systemise:

Then, in this stage, Lider A will provide them LiderA assessor/ facilitator in order to
collaborate in achieving the target of sustainable along the project phase. Lider A facilitator
helps to support the application and demonstrate environmental performance evidences.
Certify:
To recognize environmental performance in the design phase, the developer or designer must
have evidence of it, such as descriptive specifications, plans and other documents that
demonstrate the performance level achieved. At the construction and operation phases,
evidences related to the performance values must achieve. The evidence will be verified by
LiderA auditing and will be the basis for granting the recognition at the design phase or the
67
certification at the construction or operation phases, according to the classes considered (C,
B, A, A + or A + +).
Figure 19 : Lider A assessment rating
Sources: (Lider A, 2017)
In Lider A, the sustainability degree is measurable and able to be certified in performance

levels (C, B, A, A+ and A + +), where the performance levels are derived from three main
reference points:
 First point based on technological performance or common building practices and is

considered the standard level (Level E).
 Second point refers to the best performance results able to be attained with current
and viable building practices (Level C, B or even A).
 Third point based on neutral or regenerative solutions, with a high level of
sustainability (Level A+ or A++). Furthermore, performance levels are set
accordingly to each different use - an improvement of 50% (Class A), a factor four
improvement (Class A+) and finally, to factor 10 improvement (Class A + +).
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3.4.3 BREEAM, UNITED KINGDOM
Building Research Establishment‘s Environmental Assessment Method or known as

BREEM is worldwide rating system purposely developed in assessing the environment
performance of building. It launched by Building Research Establishment (BRE) in 1990 at
United Kingdom. BREEAM is suitable for different type of building including residential,
commercial and industrial building. There are five type of technical standard offered by the
BREEAM and each of the technical standards has different requirement and benefit from it.
Technical standard offered by the BREEAM:

 Communities (Master Planning)
 Infrastructure (Civil Engineering And Public Realm)
 New Construction (Building)
 In-use (Building)
 Refurbishment and Fit-out (Building)
3.4.3.1 ASSSESSMENT CRITERIA
In BREEAM, there are nine criteria that been assessing in order to get the certificate:
Commissioning
Monitoring
Management Waste recycling
Pollution minimisation
Materials minimisation
Adequate ventilation
Humidification
Health and wellbeing
Lighting
Thermal comfort
Sub-meting
Energy
Efficiency
69
CO2 impact of systems
Emissions
Transport
Alternate transport facilities
Consumption reduction
Water Metering
Leak detection
Asbestos mitigation
Recycling facilities
Reuse of structures
Materials
Facade or materials
Use of crushed aggregate
Sustainable timber
Previously used land,
Land use
Use of remediated contaminated land
Land with low ecological value or minimal
change in value
Ecology Maintaining major ecological systems on the
land
Minimization of biodiversity impacts
Leak detection systems
On-site treatment
Local or renewable energy sources

Pollution
Light pollution design
Avoid use of ozone depleting
Global warming substances
Table 16 : BREEAM assessment criteria
Sources: (K.M Fowler & E.M. Rauch, 2006)
70
Decide BREEAM A local License The project must

standard applies to BREEAM Assessor will registered through
the project be allocate to ensure the License BREEAM
project develop with the Assessor
correct BREEAM
standard
At designing and construction

BREEAM pre-
of project, provide the entire
assessment is carried out
necessary evidence
with the help of License
requirement to the Licensed
BREEAM Assessor
BREEAM Assessor
The evidence related

Final Certificate will be
will be verify and it
receive and the project be
will be rated by the
listed in BREEAM project and
License BREEAM
Green Book Live Websites
Assessor
Figure 20 : BREEAM assessment process
71
Figure 21 : BRREAM assessment rating
Sources:http://www.breeam.com/filelibrary/BREEAM%20and%20Value/The_Value_of_BR
EEAM.pdf
BREEAM offers five number of rating based on the overall score ranging from Pass
to Outstanding. The ratings are represented by a maximum of up to five stars. The building
must attain a minimum overall score of 30% to be certified.
72
3.4.4 GREEN GLOBES, CANADA
Green globe is an online building assessment tool that evaluate and rates the
environmental performance of existing building and new construction. Green Globe was
developed by ECD Energy and Environment Canada and being conducted by the Building
Owners and Managers Associate (BOMA) Canada or now known as BOMA BESt (Building
Environmental Standard). In 2004, it has been adapted in United Kingdom by Green Building
Initiative (GBI). There are three type of Green Globe Module that been use by both
government and private sector in order to promote sustainable construction in country.
 New construction (Green Globe NC)

Wide range of commercial, institutional and multi-residential building types including
offices, school, hospitals, hotels, academic and industrial facilities, warehouses,
laboratories, sports facilities and multi-residential buildings
 Existing Building (Green Globe EB)
Offices, multi-residential, retail, health care, light industrial
 Commercial Interior - Office fit-ups (Green Globes SI)
There are seven types of areas with 30 sub-areas for assessment:
Integrated design process

Environmental purchasing
Project Management
Commissioning
Emergency response plan
Development area
Site Ecological impact
Watershed features
73
Site ecology enhancement
Energy performance
Reduced energy sources
Energy
Energy-efficient transportation
Renewable energy resources
Water performance
Water Water conserving features
On-site treatment water
Low impact system and materials
Minimal consumption of resources
Reuse of existing buildings
Building durability, adaptability and
Resources
disassembly
Reduction, reuse and recycling of demolition
waste
Recycling and composting facilities
Air emissions
Ozone depletion
Emission Effluent & Other Impact
Avoiding sewer and waterway contamination
Pollution minimization
Ventilation system
Control of indoor pollutants
Indoor Environment Lighting
Thermal comfort
Acoustic comfort
Table 17 : Green Globe assessment criteria
74
Green Globes assessment process is started from the online survey. The applicator need to
answer the questionnaire-based that consists of approximately 150 questions that will take 2-
3 hours to answer. The questions are typically YES/NO/NA type and group under seven areas
of building environmental performance. Once it completed, the report will be print out and
provide:
 Percentage of each of building environmental area

 Highlight of design
 Suggestion for further improvement of design
 Hyper-link to the information on building systems and management
Figure 22 : Green Globe assessment process
https://www.thegbi.org/green-globes-certification/how-to-certify/new-construction/
After the online survey completed, the applicator may choose features and practices
that suitable for the building. Then, an expert third-party assessor will review the design,
provides guidance and recommends ways to ensure the design meet the criteria. The
preliminary rating is also given during this stage with the planning approval for construction.
After the construction completed, the applicator need to update the survey and preparing the
report that consist the evidence of building environmental criteria. Then, the third-party
assessor will do on-site assessment to ensure the building meet the criteria as stated in the
report. Once the verification complicated, the building awarded a Green Globes certificates
with building permit approval.
75
The third-party assessor is either a licensed architect or building engineer with proven
knowledge and experience of green building technologies and integrated design. The process
of assessment is slightly different depends on the type of Green Globes module. However,
roughly it will undergo the online survey, third party assessment, and preparing the report.
Percentage Score Point Score Area

5% 50 Project Management
11.5% 115 Site
38% 380 Energy
8.5% 85 Water
10% 100 Resources
Emission, effluents & other
7% 70
impacts
20% 200 Indoor environment
Total: 100% Total: 1000 points
Table 18 : Green Globe assessment rating
Figure 23 : Green Globe assessment rating
Sources: https://www.thegbi.org/green-globes-certification/how-to-certify/
76
Green Globes assesses the environmental impacts on a 1,000 points score. Green
Globes covers seven different environmental assessment areas, with each area using weighted
criteria and an assigned number of points that are used to quantify overall building
performance and use of best practices. The building must attain a minimum overall score of
35% to be certified.
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3.4.5 DGNB, GERMANY
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nachhaltiges Bauen (DGNB) or mostly known as German

Sustainable Building Council was founded in 2007. The DGNB System is launched in close
collaboration with the German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building, and Urban Affairs
(BMVBS) with a view to actively promoting sustainable building. The system can be applied
to 13 types of buildings and urban districts to ensure they offer users optimum comfort and a
high quality of life.
The DGNB system covers six aspect of sustainability building that are:-
 Environmental
 Economics
 Sociocultural and functional aspect
 Technology
 Processes
 Site
Figure 24 : DGNB assessment criteria
The score for the six aspects is calculated from the combination of evaluation points with
the relevant weighting. The total score for the overall project is calculated from the five
quality sections based on their weighting. Site quality is considered separately but in urban
districts, the site quality is included in all criteria.
78
 Certification Of Urban District
Figure 25 : DGNB assessment process for urban district
Since the urban districts develop in several phases over a long period and the construction
phase is considerably longer than individual buildings. There are three certification stages,
the pre-certificate and two other types of certificates. Pre-certificate is awarded in phase 1
with validity of 3 years. Within term of five years, it can be awarded when 25% of access
and services have been completed. In the third phase, it has an unlimited duration and it
awarded when 75 % of the buildings, public space and highways has completed.
 Certification Of Building
Figure 26 : DGNB assessment process for building
Only two stages involve in certification of building. Pre-certification is awarded during the
planning stage and it is valid until the building completed. While for the certification, it
79
awarded after the completion of building with unlimited validation. For existing building, it is
has validation for the three years.
The DGNB has changed its awarding system for buildings and urban districts. Since 1st of
July 2015, Platinum is the highest award that can be achieved under DGNB certification. The
evaluation criteria and assessment methodology remain unchanged, only the colours
representing the level awarded, based on the total performance index, has been modified. The
new rating system from highest to lowest is:
 PLATINUM: awarded to projects that achieve the same conditions of projects

previously awarded with a gold certificate.
 GOLD: awarded to projects that meet a performance index previously certified in
silver, and subsequently.
 SILVER: awarded to projects achieving the requirements previously awarded with
bronze.
 BRONZE: no longer used for awarding new buildings (valid for existing building)
Figure 27 : DGNB assessment rating, new rating and old rating
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3.4.6 TQB, AUSTRIA
TQB or Total Quality Building founded in Austria in January 2009. TBQ is formed
from the combination of two building assessment, ECO-Pass and Total Quality Tool (TQT)
in order to meet better quality assessment tool that meets the need of social, economic and
sustainable aspect in sustainable development. TBQ is launched by the ÖGNB –
Österreichische Gesellschaft für Nachhaltiges Bauen, or Austrian Sustainable Building
Council where they help in for further developing of assessment and runs the certificate based
on the TBQ-tools.
TBQ itself is a planning assessment and quality control tools for the building sector
and aims at building optimisation in the planning stage. It covers the requirement for the
sustainable building, procedure for assessing and receiving an energy performance certificate.
Five assessment criteria that cover in TBQ tool are:
Infrastructure
Security
Location and facilities
Amenities
Accessibility
Life cycle cost assessment
Construction site management
Economy and technical quality
Flexibility and longevity
Fire prevention
Energy consumption
Energy and supply
Energy production
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Water consumption and water quality
Thermal comfort
Indoor air quality
Health and comfort
Noise protection
Daylight and sun
Avoidance of harmful substance
Quality of product (local product, recycling
Resource efficiency material , certified product)
Eco-efficiency of the entire building
Demolition and disposal
Table 19 : TBQ assessment criteria
Figure 28 : TBQ assessment process
82
Sources: (Mag. Dr. Susanne Geissler. OEGNB - Open Source Building Assessment. 26th
September 2013.)
In order for buildings to pass the TQB assessment, checks are made twice, first at the
end of the planning stage and then after completion of construction. After the planning phase,
drawings and calculations are checked, and after completion, the compliance with the design
is examined, and measurements are carried out to determine the weightage for each target.
The process of the TBQ assessment as below:
 During the design stage, set the target criteria and design according to the requirement
and guideline provided.
 Then, online declaration tools is used for building documentation and carried out by
OEGNB consultants who are appointed by the OEGNB. Before submitted, ensure all
the report is being checked and according to the criteria.
 Handover of submitted project to the OEGNB and application for third party check
Verification of proof by OEGNB auditors.
 Approval of assessment results by OEGNB after consulting with submitters and
weightage for each criteria is determine based on the result of the building.
 Then, the building is awarded and publication of assessment results in OEGNB press,
above all on OEGNB website.
Criteria Points
A Location and facilities 200
B Economy and technical quality 200
C Energy and supply 200
D Health and comfort 200
E Resource efficiency 200
Table 20 : TBQ assessment rating
83
For TBQ tools, it does not have any available level of achievement. The assessment
based on the point that will get during the assessment. The assessment is divided into
categories A, B, C, D and E with weightage of 200 point for each category. The weighting is
based on the allocation of scores for each criterion in the each category, which are summed
up, representing the assessment result. The highest possible mark is 1000 points. The points
will be allocate depending on the result. The result is based on supporting documents or
another method of proof and can be different in the design stage and construction stage.
84
3.4.7 MINERGIE, SWITZERLAND
Minergie is been introduced since 1998 and being managed by private organization
through the partnership and supported by the Swiss Confederation, Swiss Canton and
Principality of Liechtenstein. Minergie has set the performance criteria of building for
comfort, efficiency and value preservation. They focus on the comfortable living and working
conditions for the use of new and renovated buildings. The Minergie strategies are to achieve
the greatest overall effect through a limited number of key performance indicators such as the
specific energy consumption, and controlled air exchange in the building.
The Minergie has introduce three building standard, Minergie, Minergie-P and
Minerger-A to ensure the maximum quality and efficiency from the planning stage and
complemented by another additional of product which are the Minergie-ECO. Minergie-ECO
can only be used in combination with one of the other three building standard.
Figure 29 : Minergie building standard
The energy efficiency of the building attained through the well planning and design
approach during early stage of construction. The life cycle cost of building and quality
benefits that being gain from the building also has be taken into account in early stage so that
85
the quality and efficiency of the building can be achieve. Below is the different between three
standards that being introduced by the Minergie.
Figure 30 : Differences between Minergie building standard
Sources: Kempf, C. (2016)
Both three standards has different requirement that need to be achieved to getting the
certificate. The basic standard is Minergie, follow by the Minergie-P and Minergie-A.
Minergie is the minimum average requirement that need to be achieving for the quality and
efficiency building and it is better than conventional constructed building. Minergie-P is for
the building with lowest levels of energy building and better than Minergie basic while
Minergie-P is almost similar with Minergie-A but require additional and strictly requirement.
ECO is certification in ensure the building is use the healthy and green building materials as
well as sustainable construction. ECO can be combining with both three standard for better
quality, efficiency and eco-friendly.
86
Minergie standard only focus on the energy efficiency and comfort of the user living
or working in the building. When the one of the three Minergie standards combine with
Minergie-ECO, then the ecology and health aspect are considering in the building.
Energy Energy efficiency

Comfort Thermal comfort
Summer heat
Air renewal
Day lighting
Noise emission
Health
Contaminants
Radon emissions
Use recycle material
Low environmental impact in construction
Ecology
and processing
Deconstruction, recovery and disposal
Table 21 : Minergie assessment criteria
Sources : Schiess, M (2011)
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Applicator apply the Preparation of document These form together

certificate by filling based on the criteria in with the
the form based on the the standard. All the documentation will
standard that he want calculation have been be submit during
to apply made during this stage planning stage
Then, the construction of

The association check
building takes place. The
The evidence
the application and
building must be
related would be
issues temporary
constructs according to
verify and receive
certificate
the specification and
definitive
provide necessary
certificate
evidence
Figure 31 : Minergie assessment process
88
3.4.8 VERDE, SPAIN
VERDE is one of the environmental building certificates that offer in Spain. VERDE
is being conduct by the Green Building Council España or known as GBCe, an organization
that committed to transform building sector toward sustainability. VERDE only applicable to
residential and office building and it can be used both in all project phases or finished and in
use. The evaluating routine and certificate levels for project in phase or finished and in use
are the same. The only difference between buildings that are finished and building that are
already used is the data must be handed during the Certification Process.
 Quality of design
 Aspect economic and social
 Quality of indoor environment
 Energy and atmosphere
 Plot and site
 Natural resources
 Innovation
The certification process includes the following steps:
1. Register the building in GBC Spain

2. Accredited evaluator is selected in order to help in evaluate the building based on the
criteria that to be achieved.
3. Then request for the certification.
89
4. The technical supervision of the certification request and the evaluation carried out. Then,
send the preliminary results to the applicant and set the deadline for submitting additional
documentation for improvement to get higher VERDE score.
5. Certification proposal and decision making
6. Issuance of certificates based on the rating.
VERDE establishes six levels of certification that allow a separate evaluation of the
environmental merits each project requesting a certification. Hojas is a Spanish language that
means a leaf. The highest marks for the rating is 5 while the lowest 0.
Figure 32 : VERDE assessment rating
Sources: (GBCe, 2013)
90
3.4.9 PROMISE, FINLAND
PromisE is a widely used in Finland as a tool for the environmental classification of

building and not suitable to be applied outside the country since the calculation is purely set
based on the national average calculation. PromisE was develop in 2010 with the cooperation
with VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, practitioners, representatives of
standardisation and building authorities. The systems are suitable to use in the assessment of
environmental performance of existing and new buildings. PromisE is managed by
Rakennustieto Oy (Building Information Ltd).
PromisE contains four main criteria for appraising an environmental building. These
main criteria will give score based on their sub-categories and each of sub-categories has
their own weightage.
Management of indoor climate

Indoor air quality
Health of user
Management of moist damages
Illumination
Energy consumption
Water consumption
Consumption of natural resources Land use
Materials consumption
Service life
Emission into air
Wastes
Environmental loadings Sewage
Bio-diversity
Environmental loadings from traffic
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Environmental risks of building site
Environmental risks
Environmental risks of building
Table 22 : PromisE assessment criteria
Figure 33 : Weightage point for each building
Source: (Paroc, 2017)
Before the applicator or client applied to adopt this tool to their building, they need to
permit access to the tools and method to enable the assessment to be made. They need a user
ID and password to the system. The tool consists of two separate tools; one for the new
building and other one for existing building. By using this web-based method, the client can
be access to the environmental performance and develop the building based on the indicator
stated. It really helps during the planning phase of the building in targeting design and
procurement. Then, the building will be construct based on the indicator and be accessed to
give the selection weightage in terms of rating A, B, C, D and E.
92
The rating system used is same as energy level, which is A, B, C, D and E. From the
picture below, it show the rating level to be achieve based on the environment performance.
They need to score certain requirement that equivalent to the rating categories.
Figure 34 : PromisE assessment rating
Sources: (PromisE, nd)
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3.5 AUSTRALIA
3.5.1 GREEN STAR
While approaching sustainability development around the world, Green building

council of Australia (GBCA) also take place in the efforts of implementation of sustainable
principles amongst Australian countries. Through Green Star assessment, GBCA prove that
Australian countries do not left behind the revolution of sustainability development. In order
to keep pace with the sustainable development Green star was developed by GBCA on the
basis of Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM)
and Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED).
Green star is officially launched in 2003 by Green building council of Australia

(GBCA), developed to provide rating tool system in measuring the environment leadership
and awareness in the green building. Literally has a common focus with BREEAM which
primarily adopted for measuring building life-cycle impacts in Australia countries.
Since Green Star assessment is one of innovation of Building Research Establishment

Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) and Leadership in Energy & Environmental
Design (LEED), it basically having large focus on energy conservation and improved indoor
air quality. Indeed, Green Star assessment comprises of several common categories:
 Management
 Energy
 Transport
 Water
 Materials
 Land use and ecology
 Emission and innovation
94
CERTIFICATION
AWARDED
A Green Star
SUBMIT REPORT certified rating is
Submit your awarded as a third-
documentation to the party verification of a
GBCA for Green Star project's
assessment. sustainability.
DETERMINE
SUBMISSION
DOCUMENTS
Get familiar with the
documentation needed
to demonstrate that
REGISTRATION your building, fitout or
community meets
Log your project Green Star's
online sustainability
benchmarks
Table 23 : Green Star assessment process
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Scoring system for Green star is scored slightly different from LEED or BREEAM as
location of the project is the base for the scoring process regarding to meet the different
climates aspect in Australia. Based on figured listed, the scoring and rating will take place
sequently by rating all lement covered by the project into points. Points collected will be
evaluated and certified aacording to green star rating system guidelines. Minimum
requirement for a project to be considered certified by achieving 31 % of the possible points
or four star level.
Figure 35 : Green Star assessment rating
96
3.5.2 NABERS
National Australia built environment rating system (NABERS) in Australia is the first
built environment rating system developed in consultation among stakeholder by Australian
Government Department of the Environment and Heritage. This assessment tools is
performance based rating system and available to measure the performance of the existing
buildings during operation time in Australia and also known as Australian Building
Greenhouse Rating (ABGR). Commonly NABERS used to rate commercial office, shopping
centres, hotels and domestic building by providing 4 environmental rating tools:
1. NABERS Energy
2. NABERS Water
3. NABERS Waste
4. NABERS Indoor Environment
Literally, NABERS found to be assessed the performance for commercial building

like offices, the rating will cover both the tenanted spaces and the base building or in owner –
occupied building. Due to the insufficient performance-based rating tools for base building
and tenancy rating NABERS has been developed.
NABERS can be used to assess the performance by sending application to assessor to rate the
premise or use its rating calculator in assisting self-assess. Every type of premise has
different rating process and different rating preferences all details will be provided by
NABERS accredited assessors. Assessment involving several elements:
 Energy
 Water
 Waste
 Indoor environment and site impacts.
97
2008- NABERS Waste and Indoor
Environment for offices are launched.
1998-Rating sytem for offices launched The NABERS Energy and Water for
2006- NABERS water for offices tool is
as AustraliaAustralian Building hotels tool is launched.
lsunched.
Greenhouse Rating (ABGR) . The ABGR tool is re-branded as
NABERS Energy for offices to
complement the other NABERS tools.
Sources:
2000-AustraliaAustralian Building 2009-NABERS Energy and Water for 2011 - The NABERS rating scale is
Greenhouse Rating (ABGR) extended to shopping centres is launched in extended to 6 stars to recognise market
national level December. leading building performance.
2013 - NABERS Energy for data

centres is launched.
2010-NABERS developed as the means
2005- NABERS developed based on NABERS becomes an international
of disclosing building energy efficiency
ABGR methodology. program as NABERSNZ is launched
at the point of sale or lease
Figure 36 : NABER assessment process
Sources: (Office of Environment and Heritage, nd)
98
3.6 AFRICA
3.6.1 SBAT, SOUTH AFRICA.
The evolution of green building for Africa (GBFA) emerged in 1998, Council of
Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) developed Sustainable Building Assessment Tool
(SBAT) in South Africa as a prototype derivative from Green Building Tool. SBAT in Africa
is still under development phase, and the SBAT purposely developed to assess the
sustainability of buildings in Africa. Basically SBAT is developed based on principles of
sustainability by seeking comprehensive benefits towards environment, social and
economics.
Sustainable Building Assessment Tool also plays substantial roles in sustainable building in
Africa by providing 15 elements in building as preferences in assessing sustainability in
building industry, and the element created based on 3 main headings of Environmental,
Economic, and Social.
Water
Energy
Environment Waste
Site
Materials and component
Local economy
Efficiency of use
Economic Adaptability and flexibility
On-going cost
Capital cost
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Social Occupant comfort
Inclusive environment
Access To Facilities
Participation & Control
Education, Health & Safety Local Contractor
Table 24 : SBAT assessment criteria
3.6.1.2 ASSESSMENT APPROACH
SBAT is solely aim to assess the performance of buildings in terms of sustainability

also assess the extent of the building‘s contribution to promote and develop sustainable
systems around it. Commonly SBAT application integrated with the ―Structured Approach‖
developed by typical life cycle in Africa. Every stage has the significant contribution in
construction industry in Africa but still have several stage is not applicable to SBAT
enforcements.
Figure 37 : Structured approach stages
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3.7 SUMMARY OF ASSESSMENT TOOLS IN GREEN BUILDING
Year Country of
System Rating Scheme Certification levels Categories
Established origin
• Existing building
• Heat island
• Superior (S) • Energy
• Home
• Very Good (A) • Resource and Materials
• New construction
CASBEE 2001 JAPAN • Good (B+) • Off-Site Environment
• Renovation
• Slightly Poor (B-) • Noise and Acoustics
• Urban area and
• Poor '(C) • Thermal Comfort
buildings
• Urban development
• Hotels • Land Use & Transportation

• Excellent (Green 1st)
• Multi-use • Energy & Pollution
• Very Good (Green
• Multi-use dwellings • Materials & Resources
2nd)
G-SEED 2002 SOUTH KOREA • Office buildings • Water
• Good (Green 3rd)
• Residential • Management
• General (Green 4th)
• Schools • Ecology
• Stores • Indoor Environment Quality
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• Residential buildings
• Non-residential
• Energy efficiency
buildings
• Green Mark Platinum • Water efficiency
• Existing buildings
GREEN • Green Mark Gold • Environmental protection
2005 SINGAPORE • Office interior
MARK Plus • Indoor environmental quality
• Landed houses
• Green Mark Gold • Other green features and
• New and existing parks
innovation
• Infrastructure
• District
• Indoor environment quality
• Platinum
• Sustainable site planning and
• Existing building • Gold
GBI 2009 MALAYSIA management
• New building • Silver
• Materials and resources
• Certified
• Water efficiency
• Innovation
• Residential Building
• Non- Residential • Platinum
• Environment protection
Building • Gold
GREENRE 2013 MALAYSIA • Indoor environment quality
• Existing Non- • Silver
• Other green features
Residential Building • Bronze
• Carbon emission of
• Township
development
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• Land saving and outdoor
environment
• Energy conservation and
energy saving
• One star • Water saving and water
THREE STAR • Residential building
2006 CHINA • Two Star resource utilization
SYSTEM • Public building
• Three star • Material saving and material
resource utilization
• Indoor environmental quality
• Operation production
management
• Site
• Platinum • Material
• Existing building • Gold • Energy use
HK-BEAM 2010 HONG KONG
• New building • Silver • Water
• Bronze • Indoor environmental quality
• Innovation and addition
• Appropriate site development

• Energy efficiency &
• New Building conservation
• Platinum
• Existing Building • Water conservation
• Gold
GREENSHIP 2010 INDONESIA • Interior Space • Materials & Cycle Resources
• Silver
• Homes • Indoor Air Health and
• Certified
• Neighbourhood Comfort
• Building & Environment
Management
103
• Energy
• Water
• Non-residential
• Material
• Multi-family residential
• Platinum • Ecology
• Small buildings
• Gold • Waste and pollution
LOTUS 2008 VIETNAM • Homes
• Silver • Health and comfort
• Building in operation
• Certified • Adaptation and mitigation
• Interior
• Community
• Small interior
• Management
• Innovation
• Site planning
• One star • Energy efficiency
• Residential building • Two Star • Water, wastewater and solid
GRIHA 2006 INDIA • Commercial building • Three star waste management
• Institutional building • Four star • Health and well-being
• Five Star • Sustainable construction
materials
104
• Sustainable architecture and
design
• Green homes
• Site selection and planning
• New buildings
• Selection of species for
rating system
landscape
• Green schools
• Transportation planning
• Green existing • Super Platinum
• Water conservation
buildings • Platinum
IGBC 2001 INDIA • Green factory • Gold
• Building material and
buildings • Silver
resources
• Green townships • Certified
• Indoor environment quality
• Green mass rapid
• Health and wellbeing
transit system
• Health and hygiene
• Green landscape
• Operation and maintenance
• Green SEZ
• Green education
• Innovation and development
• Energy conservation
• Platinum • Location and landscape
• Renovation project • Gold • Materials and resources
TREES 2012 THAILAND
• New project • Silver • Building management
• Certified • Water conservation
• Innovation
• Environmental protection.
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• Management
• Land Use and Ecology
• Water
• New Construction • One star • Energy
• Retrofits and • Two Star • Transportation
BERDE 2009 PHILIPHINE Renovations • Three star • Indoor Environment Quality
• Operations • Four star • Materials
• Existing Buildings • Five Star • Emissions
• Waste
• Heritage Conservation
• Innovation
• Diamond
• Residential Building • Ecology
• Gold
• Eco-community • Energy saving
EEWH 1999 TAIWAN • Silver
• Factory • Waste reduction
• Bronze
• Renovations • Health
• Qualified
• Management
• Sustainable Sites
• Energy and Atmosphere
• Platinum
• Materials and Resources
• New building • Gold
GREENSL 2012 SRI LANKA • Indoor Environmental Quality
• Existing building • Silver
• Innovation and Design
• Certified
Process
• Social and Cultural
Awareness
106
• Commercial • Urban Connectivity
• Core and Shell • One star Management & Operations
• Schools • Two Star • Cultural & Economic Value
• Residential • Three star • Indoor Environment
QSAS 2009 QATAR
• Mosques • Four star • Materials
• Hotels • Five star • Water
• Light Industry • Six star • Energy
• Sports • Site
• Integrated Development
Process
• Building • Platinum • Natural Systems
PEARL 2010 ABU DHABI • Villa • Gold • Liveable Communities
• Community • Silver • Precious Water
• Resourceful Energy
• Innovating Practice:
• New Construction
• Existing Buildings
• Site selection
• Commercial Interiors,
Core & Shell • Platinum
• Energy and atmosphere
• School • Gold
LEED 2000 UNITED STATE • Material and resources
• Retail • Silver
• Healthcare • Certified
• Regional priority
• Homes
• Innovation in design
• Neighbourhood
development
107
• Air
• New and existing • Water
Buildings • Silver • Nourishment,
WELL 2014 UNITED STATE • New and existing • Gold • Light,
Interiors • Platinum • Fitness,
• Core and Shell • Comfort,
• Mind.
• Quality of design
• 0 Hojas
• Aspect economic and social
• 1 Hojas
• Quality of indoor environment
• Office building • 2 Hojas
VERDE SPAIN • Energy and atmosphere
• Residential Building • 3 Hojas
• Plot and site
• 4 Hojas
• Natural resources
• 5 Hojas
• Innovation
• Location and facilities

• Office building • Economy and technical
• Commercial building quality
TQB 2009 AUSTRIA N/A
• Residential building • Energy and supply
• Health and comfort
• Resource efficiency
• Minergie
• Minergie-P • Energy
• New building • Minergie-A • Comfort
MINERGIE 1998 SWITZERLAND
• Renovated Building • ECO (by combination • Health
either one of the • Ecology
Minergie)
108
•A
• Environmental risk
•B
• Health of user
• New building •C
PROMISE 2010 FINLAND • Consumption of natural
• Existing building •D
resources
•E
• Environmental building
•F
• Certivéa (non-
• Pass (1 star)
residential sector) • Energy
• Good (2 stars)
• Cerqual (collective • Comfort
HQE 2005 FRANCE • Very Good (3 stars)
housing) • Environment
• Excellent (4 stars)
• Cequami (individual • Health
• Exceptional (5 stars)
housing)
• New building • Environmental

• Existing Building • Platinum • Economics
• Urban District • Gold • Sociocultural and functional
DBNG 2007 GERMANY • New tenant fit-out • Silver aspect
(Including both • Bronze (for existing • Technology
residential and non- building only) • Processes
residential building) • Site
• A++, A+, A
•Site and Integration
• Residential building •B
• Resources
• Non-residential •C
• Environmental Loadings
LIDER A 2005 PORTUGAL building •D
• Environmental Comfort
• Building and intervened •E
• Socioeconomic Experience
space •F
• Sustainable Use
•G
109
• Project management
• Site
• New construction • One Green Globe • Water
GREEN • Existing Building • Two Green Globe • Energy
2000 CANADA
GLOBE • Commercial Interior - • Three Green Globe • Resources
Office fit-ups • Four Green Globe •Emission Effluent & Other
Impact
• Indoor Environment
 Communities (Master
Planning) • Management
• Health and well-being
 Infrastructure (Civil
• Pass (1 star) • Water
Engineering And
• Good (2 stars) • Energy
Public Realm)
BREEAM 1990 UK • Very Good (3 stars) • Transport
 New Construction
• Excellent (4 stars) • Land use
(Building)
• Outstanding (5 stars) • Materials
 In-use (Building) • Ecology
 Refurbishment and • Pollution
fit-out (Building)
110
• Water
• Energy
• Waste
• Site
• Materials and component
• Local economic
• Efficiency of use
• Adaptability and flexibility
SOUTH
SBAT 1998 N/A N/A • Capital cost
AFRICA
• Efficiency of use
• On-going cost
• Occupant comfort
• Inclusive environment
• Access To Facilities
• Participation & Control
• Education, Health & Safety
Local Contractor
• Management
• One star • Indoor environmental quality
• Two Star • Energy
 New building
• Three star • Transport
GREEN STAR 2003 AUSTRALIA  Existing building
• Four star green star • Water
 Interior-fit out • Five star green star • Materials
• Six star green star • Land use and ecology
• Emission and innovation
111
*Does not have any
certification level • Energy
• Commercial office
• NABERS Energy • Water
• Shopping centre
NABERS 1998 AUSTRALIA • NABERS Water • Waste
• Hotel
• NABERS Waste • Indoor environment and site
• Domestic building
• NABERS Indoor impacts.
Environment
112
4 DISCUSSION ON ASSESSMENT TOOLS IN GREEN BUILDING
From the comparative assessment tools in green building table, we categorized each
of the criteria into the three aspects in the principle sustainabablity development, the aspects
are economic, social and environmetal. Majority of the tool covers the environment aspect
followed by social aspect and economic aspects.
In environmental aspect, there are many criteria that has be cover by the tools; air
quality, energy, resources and materials, outdoor environment, off-site environment,
preservation and creation of biotope, townscape and landscape, land use, site, transportation,
water, pollution, indoor environment quality, sustainable site planning and management,
ecology, innovation, environment protection, other green feature, emisson, waste, asdaption
and mitigation, health, hygiene and well-being, sustainable architecture and design and urban
connectivity. Majority of tools are covers on energy, resources and materials, water and
indoor environment quality with the frequency of 25 for energy and water while 21 for
resources and materials and 20 for indoor environment quality. From the frequency of tool
covers in the energy, water, resources and materials and indoor environmental quality
criteria, we can conclude that these four criteria is important to covers the environmental
aspect in sustainability construction.
In social aspect, we can see that not all tools are cover in this aspect. Only certain
tools such as CASBEE, WEEL, SBAT, LIDER A and Minergie are cover most of the social
aspect. Noise and acoustic, comfort, thermal comfort, community and lighting and
illumination it the most common criteria cover in social aspect. Noise and acoustic and
comfort criteria has frequency of 4 followed by thermal comfort, community and lighting
and illumination with frequency of 3. Green community, social and cultural awareness,
amenities and social interaction, sociocultural and functional aspect has frequency of 2 and
lastly heritage conservation, fitness , mind, nourishment, access to facilities, participation
control, education, health & safety local contrcator only has frequancy of 1.
113
The most rarely elements found in assessment tools listed is element covered under
economic aspect. Only VERDE, TBQ, Lider A, SBAT, LEED, QSAS and CASBEE are
cover economic aspect in their tool. Flexibility and adaptability criteria has the highest
frequency which is 3 followed by life cycle cost, ecconomic value and economic diversity
criteria with frequency of 2 while regional priority and local econnomic criteria with
frequency of 1. As to conclude, the balancing amongst these three element are still
developing stage. Every assessment tools have covered environment aspect but not social and
economic aspect.
Recommendations can be made from this assignment, the researches and further studies
on economic aspects need to be improved in order to promote the balancing of fundamental
element in sustainability not solely focusing on environment aspect. The barriers in order to
achieve these three element also need to be identified to give some idea on the startergies can
be implemented in creating the best solution to achieve the balance between environment,
social and economic. By comparing and summarizing all elements available in every
assessment tool may generate and lead to futher and wider studies in green building
assessment tools in future.
114
5 CONCLUSION
From the study that we have done, we can see that not all the green building tools are
covers the three main aspect of the sustainable construction. They are only cover most in the
environmental aspect. We can conclude that they had a mind on greenish think when they
consider the sustainble concept in the building while the concept of sustainable is more than
what are their thinking.
Besides, in order to get the certification of the green tools, the client need to consider
what type of criteria that they want to achieve before they decide to send an application. They
also need to pass through all the procedure and process including work together with the third
parties assessor. The client will undergo the assessment from the beginning of the
construction which is during the planning and design stage, construction stage and operation
and maintainance stage. Some of the tool will awarded two times to ensure the building
design is meet the criteria and ensure the building constructed with the design that have been
approved in preventing the mistake that will affect the building performance.
Each of green building tools also is not special for the new building, but it also can be
use for the existing building, renovation, interior-fit up which is special for interior furniture
in the building and development of district. The tools also not limited for the residential
building, but also for the non-residential building such as hotel, office, healthcare, shopping
complex and retail building.
Most all the green building tool has their own certifiaction level such platinum, gold,
silver and bronze, one star, two stars, three stars, four stars, and five stars, or A, B, C, D, E.
These certification is helping the client what are the level achivement they want to target
based on the criteria that have been set. It also help the consultant of the client to design and
adopted the suitable technology in the building.
In overall, the green building tools in help in marketing the sustainability concept in
the construction. Each of the tool has their own procedure, rating scheme, certification levels
and criteria in achieving the sustainable. Futher study for development and improvement of
green building tools need to be considered especially for the economic aspect in order to have
better sustainability concept in the construction.
115
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119
ASSESSMENT TOOLS
ASIA COUNTRIES AMERICA
ASPECT CRITERIA GREE
THREE PEARL
GREEN BEAM GREENS NSL®
CASBEE G-SEED GBI GreenRE STAR LOTUS GRIHA IGBC TREES BERDE EEWH RATING QSAS LEED WELL
MARK Plus HIP RATIN
SYSTEM SYSTEM
G
•LCC
•FLEXIBILITY AND ADAPTABILITY √
•ECONOMIC VALUE √
ECONOMIC
•REGIONAL PRIORITY √
•ECONOMIC DIVERSITY
•LOCAL ECONOMY
•NOISE AND ACOUSTIC √

•COMFORT √
•THERMAL COMFORT √
•COMMUNITY √ √ √
•GREEN EDUCATION √
•HERITAGE CONSERVATION √
•LIGHTING AND ILLUMINATION √
•SOCIAL AND CULTURAL AWARENESS √ √
•FITNESS √
SOCIAL
•MIND √
•NOURISHMENT √
•AMENITIES AND SOCIAL INTERACTION
•SOCIOCULTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL
ASPECT
•ACCESS TO FACILITIES
•PARTICIPATION CONTROL
•EDUCATION, HEALTH & SAFETY LOCAL
CONTRCATOR
•AIR QUALITY √ √
•ENERGY √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
•RESOUCES AND MATERIALS √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
•OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENT √ √
•OFF-SITE ENVIRONMENT
•PRESERVATION AND CREATION OF
BIOTOPE √
•TOWNSCAPE AND LANDSCAPE √ √ √
•LAND USE √ √ √
•SITE √ √ √ √ √ √
•TRANSPORTATION √ √ √
•WATER √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
•POLLUTION √ √
•INDOOR ENVIRONMENT QUALITY √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
ENVIRONMENT
•SUSTAINABLE SITE PLANNING AND
MANAGEMENT √ √ √
•MANAGEMENT √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
•ECOLOGY √ √ √ √ √
•INNOVATION √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
•ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION √ √ √
•OTHER GREEN FEATURE √ √
•EMISSION √ √
•WASTE √ √ √ √
•ADAPTION AND MITIGATION √
•HEALTH, HYGIENE AND WELL BEING √ √ √
•SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE AND
DESIGN √ √
•URBAN CONNECTIVITY √
ASSESSMENT TOOLS
AUSTRALIA AFRICA EUROPE
ASPECT CRITERIA FREQUENCY
Green Green
NABERS SBAT HQE LIDER A BREEAM DGNB TBQ Minergie VERDE PromisE
Star Globe
•LCC √ √ 2
•FLEXIBILITY AND ADAPTABILITY √ √ 3
•ECONOMIC VALUE √ 2
ECONOMIC
•REGIONAL PRIORITY 1
•ECONOMIC DIVERSITY √ √ 2
•LOCAL ECONOMY √ 1
•NOISE AND ACOUSTIC √ √ √ 4

•COMFORT √ √ √ 4
•THERMAL COMFORT √ √ 3
•COMMUNITY 3
•GREEN EDUCATION 1
•HERITAGE CONSERVATION √ 2
•LIGHTING AND ILLUMINATION √ √ 3
•SOCIAL AND CULTURAL AWARENESS 2
•FITNESS 1
SOCIAL
•MIND 1
•NOURISHMENT 1
•AMENITIES AND SOCIAL INTERACTION √ √ 2
•SOCIOCULTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL
2
ASPECT √ √
•ACCESS TO FACILITIES √ 1
•PARTICIPATION CONTROL √ 1
•EDUCATION, HEALTH & SAFETY LOCAL
1
CONTRCATOR √
•AIR QUALITY √ √ √ √ 6
•ENERGY √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 25
•RESOUCES AND MATERIALS √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 21
•OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENT 2
•OFF-SITE ENVIRONMENT
•PRESERVATION AND CREATION OF
1
BIOTOPE
•TOWNSCAPE AND LANDSCAPE √ 4
•LAND USE √ √ √ √ 7
•SITE √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 13
•TRANSPORTATION √ √ 5
•WATER √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 25
•POLLUTION √ √ 4
•INDOOR ENVIRONMENT QUALITY √ √ √ √ √ √ 20
ENVIRONMENT
•SUSTAINABLE SITE PLANNING AND
4
MANAGEMENT √
•MANAGEMENT √ √ √ √ √ 14
•ECOLOGY √ √ √ √ 9
•INNOVATION √ √ √ √ 15
•ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION √ 4
•OTHER GREEN FEATURE 2
•EMISSION √ √ √ 5
•WASTE √ √ √ √ √ 9
•ADAPTION AND MITIGATION √ 2
•HEALTH, HYGIENE AND WELL BEING √ √ 5
•SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE AND
3
DESIGN √
•URBAN CONNECTIVITY 1

GRP 3 - Emperical Studies in Comparative Assessment Tools in Green Buildings

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ASSIGNMENT:

SBEQ 4312: SUSTAINABLE

PN. TANTISH BINTI KAMARUDDIN

AMEERA SHUHADA BINTI SHAHRIL A14BE0024

LIM SHIOU WEY A14BE0047

NOR IDAYU BINTI NOOR AZRI A14BE0098

SIA HUI RU A14BE0140

NAME WORK DISTRIBUTION

Ameera Shuhada Binti Shahril Literature

Case Study - Africa, Australia

Lim Shiou Wey Introduction

Case Study - America

Nor Idayu Binti Noor Azri Case Study - Europe

Sia Hui Ru Case Study - Asia

1.1 OVERVIEW OF GREEN BUILDING ASSESSMENT TOOLS 1

1.2 EMPIRICAL STUDIES IN COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT TOOLS 3

2 LITERATURE REVIEW ON GREEN BUILDING ASSESSMENT TOOLS 4

2.1 IMPACT ON GLOBAL WARMING 4

2.2 DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY IN CONSTRUCTION

2.3 SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLE 5

2.4 GREEN BUILDING AND ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDING

2.5 ASSESSMENT TOOLS DEVELOPMENT 9

3.1.1 CASBEE, JAPAN 10

3.1.2 G - SEED, SOUTH KOREA 12

3.1.3 BCA GREEN MARK SCHEME, SINGAPORE 13

3.1.4 GBI, MALAYSIA 16

3.1.5 GreenRE, MALAYSIA 19

3.1.6 THREE STAR SYSTEM, CHINA 22

3.1.7 HK-BEAM PLUS, HONG KONG 24

3.1.8 GREENSHIP, INDONESIA 26

3.1.9 LOTUS, VIETNAM 29

3.1.10 GRIHA, INDIA 34

3.1.11 IGBC, INDIA 37

3.1.12 TREES, THAILAND 40

3.1.13 BERDE, PHILIPPINE 41

3.1.15 GREENSL® RATING SYSTEM, SRI LANKA 47

3.1.16 QSAS, QATAR 49

3.1.17 PEARL RATING SYSTEM, ABU DHABI 52

3.2.3 ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 60

3.4.1 HQE, FRANCE 62

3.4.2 LIDER A, PORTUGAL 65

3.4.3 BREEAM, UNITED KINGDOM 69

3.4.4 GREEN GLOBES, CANADA 73

3.4.5 DGNB, GERMANY 78

3.4.6 TQB, AUSTRIA 81

3.4.7 MINERGIE, SWITZERLAND 85

3.4.8 VERDE, SPAIN 89

3.4.9 PROMISE, FINLAND 91

3.5.1 GREEN STAR 94

3.6.1 SBAT, SOUTH AFRICA. 99

3.7 SUMMARY OF ASSESSMENT TOOLS IN GREEN BUILDING 101

4 DISCUSSION ON ASSESSMENT TOOLS IN GREEN BUILDING 113

Figure 1 : List of green building assessment tools 3

Table 1 : Carbon emission resulting from manufacturer of common building materials

1.1 OVERVIEW OF GREEN BUILDING ASSESSMENT TOOLS

Construction-caused environmental pollution has increasingly become a major

ASIA AMERICA EUROPE AFRICA AUSTRALIA

Figure 1 : List of green building assessment tools

2.1 IMPACT ON GLOBAL WARMING

2.2 DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY IN CONSTRUCTION

To delegate global objectives in requiring a reduction in global emissions from

In the urge of sustainable construction development, environment, social and

Common building Carbon released Carbon Nett