www.steeljrv.

com

How to get high quality pipe reducer?

2018-01-14

 Industry News
 News

What is a pipe reducer?

A pipe reducer is the component in a pipeline that reduces the pipe size from a larger to
a smaller bore (inner diameter).
The length of the reduction is usually equal to the average of the larger and smaller pipe
diameters. There are two main types of pipe reducer: concentric and eccentric pipe
reducers.

A pipe reducer can be used either as nozzle or as diffuser depending on the mach number
of the flow.
A pipe reducer allows for a change in pipe size to meet hydraulic flow requirements of the
system, or to adapt to existing piping of a different size. pipe reducers are usually
concentric but eccentric pipe reducers are used when required to maintain the same
top-or bottom-of-pipe level.
These fittings are manufactured in inch and metric size.

Types of pipe reducers

Concentric Reducer
Concentric Reducers are used to join pipe or tube sections on the same axis. They
provide an in-line conical transition between pressurized pipes of differing diameters. A
pipe reducer can be a single diameter change or a multiple diameter change. The pipes
cannot recognize what the outside configuration of the pipe reducer looks like. The pipe
flow is affected by the inside diameter conical transition configuration which can be axially
moved and externally reconfigured to provide for more economical reducer fittings. Thus,
concentric reducers connect pipes of unequal size but have a common centerline. In other

www.steeljrv.com
 www.steeljrv.com

words, it is a type of pipe fitting with different size ends to join pipes of different diameter
that joins pipe sections on the same axis.

Seamless concentric reducer Butt-welded concentric reducer

High pressure concentric reducer Low pressure concentric reducer

As shown in Fig. 1. In this type of reducers area reduction is concentric and center line of
the pipe on bigger end and smaller end remains same. These styles are normally used
for vertical lines.

Fig.1: Concentric Reducers

www.steeljrv.com
 www.steeljrv.com

Concentric reducers are designed with the small and large diameters on opposite ends
and joined by a cone shaped transition section. They are available in both seamless and
welded construction.
How to take measurements of concentric reducers?
Get the measurements of outer diameter (OD) and inner diameter (ID) , height (H), and
the total dimension (T1, T2).
Uses of concentric reducers:
Some uses of concentric reducers are as follows:
Concentric reducers will transition gracefully between the piping and the pump.
The concentric reducers help in transporting slurries or abrasive liquids.
They are useful in services where cavitation is present.
When transporting between flanges or pipes of different ratings and wear protection is
necessary, concentric reducers are ideal.
Concentric reducers are used in discharge of the pump.
Eccentric Reducer
An eccentric pipe reducer fitting is manufactured with the smaller outlet off center to the
larger end, which allows it to align with only one side of the inlet. The reducer must be
installed with straight side up so that it can prevent trapping air at the pump suction. The
eccentric pipe reducers allow simple connection of different sized pipes.

Large size eccentric reducer Butt-welded Eccentrice reducer

www.steeljrv.com
 www.steeljrv.com

Seamless Eccentric reducer Welded Eccentric reducer

As shown in Fig. 2 , in this style of reducer there is an offset in between the center lines of
bigger end and center line of smaller end. This offset or eccentricity will maintain a flat
side either on top or on bottom side.

Fig.2: Eccentric Reducer

This offset or eccentricity can easily be found out by the following equation:

Eccentricity=(Bigger end ID-Smaller end ID)/2

While using this type of reducer the user has the option of orienting the flat side.
Usually for horizontal lines, eccentric reducers are oriented with either the flat side up or
down and the same with deviation is mentioned in isometric.

Normally eccentric reducers with flat side down are preferred for following cases on
horizontal lines:

www.steeljrv.com
 www.steeljrv.com

• On Sleepers and Piperacks

• On lines requiring gravity flow
• On pump suction line which handle slurry.

Eccentric reducers with flat side up are used for all pump suction lines (excluding pumps
handling slurry) on horizontal lines. This way one can avoid air getting trapped inside the
pipeline during initial venting through pump casing and will help in avoiding Cavitation.

Uses of eccentric reducers:

Keeping big pipes and small pipes together.
Reducing noise and vibration at the same time.
Requires less installation space.
Absorbs pipe wall and fluid borne noise.
Less turbulence or material entrapment.
Eccentric reducer are used with flat side up in pump suction to avoid cavitation.

Depending on end connections of this fitting with straight pipe, reducers are grouped as
follows:

Butt Welding reducers: The applicable pressure rating, dimensional and material
standards for butt welding reducers are same as those applicable to butt welding elbows.

Socket welding reducers: As shown in Fig.3. such reducers are available in concentric
type only & in the form of a coupling with one end socket to fit larger diameter pipe and
other end socket to fit smaller diameter pipe. Standards are same as those applicable to
socket welding elbows.

www.steeljrv.com
 www.steeljrv.com

Fig.3: Socket Welded Reducers

Screwed reducers: Available only in concentric type and are in the form of
coupling having one end to fit bigger pipe and other end to fit smaller pipe. ASME B16.11
is applicable dimensional standard. Material standards including pressure ratings are
same as of screwed elbows.

Flanged reducers: Their pressure rating, use, material and dimensional standards are
same as those applicable
to flanged elbows. Regardless of reduction their face to face dimensions are governed by
the larger pipe size.

Dimensions Butt Weld Reducers Con & Ecc ASME B16.9

O.D. O.D. Len

NPS
D D1 H
3/4*1/2 26.7 21.3 38
1*1/2 33.4 21.3 51
1*3/4 33.4 26.7 51
1¼*1/2 42.2 21.3 51
1¼*3/4 42.2 26.7 51
1¼*1 42.2 33.4 51
1½*1/2 48.3 21.3 64
1½*3/4 48.3 26.7 64
1½*1 48.3 33.4 64
1½*1¼ 48.3 42.2 64
2*3/4 60.3 26.7 76
2*1 60.3 33.4 76
2*1¼ 60.3 42.2 76
2*1½ 60.3 48.3 76

www.steeljrv.com
 www.steeljrv.com

O.D. O.D. Len

NPS
D D1 H
2½*1 73 33.4 89
2½*1¼ 73 42.2 89
2½*1½ 73 48.3 89
2½*2 73 60.3 89
3*1¼ 88.9 42.2 89
3*1½ 88.9 48.3 89
3*2 88.9 60.3 89
3*2½ 88.9 73 89
3½*1¼ 101.6 42.2 102
3½*1½ 101.6 48.3 102
3½*2 101.6 60.3 102
3½*2½ 101.6 73 102
3½*3 101.6 88.9 102
O.D. O.D. Len
NPS
D D1 H
4*1½ 114.3 48.3 102
4*2 114.3 60.3 102
4*2½ 114.3 73 102
4*3 114.3 88.9 102
4*3½ 114.3 101.6 102
5*2 141.3 60.3 127
5*2½ 141.3 73 127
5*3 141.3 88.9 127
5*3½ 141.3 101.6 127
5*4 141.3 114.3 127
6*2½ 168.3 73 140
6*3 168.3 88.9 140
6*3½ 168.3 101.6 140
6*4 168.3 114.3 140
www.steeljrv.com
 www.steeljrv.com

6*5 168.3 141.3 140

O.D. O.D. Len

NPS
D D1 H
8*3½ 219.1 101.6 152
8*4 219.1 114.3 152
8*5 219.1 141.3 152
8*6 219.1 168.3 152
10*4 273 114.3 178
10*5 273 141.3 178
10*6 273 168.3 178
10*8 273 219.1 178
12*5 323.9 141.3 203
12*6 323.9 168.3 203
12*8 323.9 219.1 203
12*10 323.9 273 203
14*6 355.6 168.3 330
14*8 355.6 219.1 330
14*10 355.6 273 330
14*12 355.6 323.9 330
O.D. O.D. Len
NPS
D D1 H
16*8 406.4 219 356
16*10 406.4 273 356
16*12 406.4 323.9 356
16*14 406.4 355.6 356
18*10 457 273 381
18*12 457 323.9 381
18*14 457 355.6 381
18*16 457 406.4 381
20*12 508 323.9 508
20*14 508 355.6 508
www.steeljrv.com
 www.steeljrv.com

20*16 508 406.4 508

20*18 508 457 508
22*14 559 355.6 508
22*16 559 406.4 508
22*18 559 457 508
22*20 559 508 508

O.D. O.D. Len

NPS
D D1 H
24*16 610 406.4 508
24*18 610 457 508
24*20 610 508 508
24*22 610 559 508
26*18 660 457 610
26*20 660 508 610
26*22 660 559 610
26*24 660 610 610
28*18 711 457 610
28*20 711 508 610
28*24 711 610 610
28*26 711 660 610
30*20 762 508 610
30*24 762 610 610
30*26 762 660 610
30*28 762 711 610
32*24 813 610 610
32*26 813 660 610
32*28 813 711 610
32*30 813 762 610
O.D. O.D. Len
NPS
D D1 H
34*24 864 610 610
www.steeljrv.com
 www.steeljrv.com

34*26 864 660 610

34*30 864 762 610
34*32 864 813 610
36*24 914 610 610
36*26 914 660 610
36*30 914 762 610
36*32 914 813 610
36*34 914 864 610
38*26 965 660 610
38*28 965 711 610
38*30 965 762 610
38*32 965 813 610
38*34 965 864 610
38*36 965 914 610
40*30 1016 762 610
40*32 1016 813 610
40*34 1016 864 610
40*36 1016 914 610
40*38 1016 965 610
Dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated. Wall thickness (t) must be
specified by customer.

DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES OF CONCENTRIC AND ECCENTRIC REDUCERS

ASME B16.9

Nominal Pipe Size 1/2 to 2½ 3 to 3½ 4 5 to 8

Outside Diameter + 1.6 1.6 1.6 + 2.4
at Bevel (D) – 0.8 – 1.6
Inside Diameter at End 0.8 1.6 1.6 1.6
Overall Length (H) 2 2 2 2
Nominal Pipe Size 10 to 18 20 to 24 26 to 30 32 to 48
Outside Diameter +4 + 6.4 + 6.4 + 6.4
at Bevel (D) – 3.2 – 4.8 – 4.8 – 4.8
Inside Diameter at End 3.2 4.8 + 6.4 + 6.4
– 4.8 – 4.8
Overall Length (H) 2 2 5 5
Wall Thickness (t) Not less than 87.5% of Nominal Wall Thickness
Dimensional tolerances are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated and are equal ±
except as noted.

www.steeljrv.com
 www.steeljrv.com

Note:
MSS SP-43 only covers stainless steel buttweld fittings made for use with Schedule 5S
and 10S pipe and Stub Ends suitable for use with Schedule 40S pipe, as defined in ASME
B36.19. The dimensions and dimensional tolerances defined in MSS SP-43 are
substantially the same as those in ASME B16.9 specifications from NPS 1/2 – NPS 24.
Except with regard to the outside diameter at the bevel.

STAINLESS STEEL REDUCER

Stainless steel reducer is a kind of fitting that be used for reducing piping size. Concentric
reducer is most commonly used and often eccentric reducer used in piping in about pump
and pipe rack area.

Stainless steel reducer manufactured using superior grade raw materials. Stainless steel
reducers are used for connecting pipes of different diameters and find wide applications in
various chemicals, construction industries, paper, cement & ship builders.

Stainless steel reducer Stainless steel reducer

www.steeljrv.com
 www.steeljrv.com

0Cr18N19 ASME B16.9 E(R)3inch Eccentric reducer

Applications of Pipe Reducer:

 Pipe Reducer
 Hydraulic system
 Pneumatic system
 Pharmaceutical fittings
 Air brake fittings
 Gas fittings
 Refrigerant fittings

Uses of pipe reducer:

A pipe reducer serves the two basic purposes:

 Changing the piping diameter

 Handling the expansion, misalignment or vibration problem

Manufacture of seamless reducer

Stainless steel reducer is used for pipe diameter changes in a pipe. Usually adopted for
reducing the forming process of pressing, expanding to suppress or reducing and
expanding, to certain specifications of the reducer and stamping can be applied.
A. reducing forming/hole enlargement
Reducer reducing forming technology is will be equal and reducer big end diameter of
tube rounds into the forming mould, through along the axial direction of tube billet, shrink
along the cavity movement and metal forming. According to the size of the reducer
reducer, divided into the one of pressing or more press forming.
Forming hole diameter is less than reducer big end diameter of the tube billet, used in die

www.steeljrv.com
 www.steeljrv.com

forming along the tube billet diameter hole enlargement. Hole enlargement technology
mainly to solve the reducer in the variable diameter is larger not easily by reducing
forming, sometimes according to the requirements of the materials and products forming,
expanding and reducing method of combination.
In the process of reducing or expanding deformation, according to different materials and
variable diameter, determination by cold pressing and hot pressing. Under normal
circumstances, as far as possible by cold pressing, but the multiple variable diameter and
cause serious work hardening of the thick or alloy steel, wall thickness of materials
appropriate USES hot pressing.
B. stamping
In addition to the use of steel tube as raw material to produce reducer, the part of the
specifications of the reducer can also be used steel plate stamping forming technology is
adopted to improve the production. Drawing die shapes used by reference to reducing
tube surface size design, use after blanking punching die, stamping steel stretch forming.
The stress distribution and deformation characteristics:
(1) the inner pressure function similarly hereinafter heart reducer an area about the size of
the pressure difference between the bending moment caused by big end is relatively open,
small end relative shrinkage phenomenon;

(2) the internal pressure under the action of eccentric reducer in central eccentric side
inside the big end surface and eccentric side to the outer ring stress is the largest.

Production process of reducer: Pressing Stereotype

Reducers be applied, to change from pipe diameter in one direction. Standard there are 2
possibilities, the concentric reducer, is usually used in vertical pipe lines, and the eccentric
reducer that is used in horizontal pipe lines.

Production process of reducer: Pressure Molding

The large sizes steel pipe reducers are commonly made from the steel plates, the
production method is nearly same with the large sizes steel elbows production . Pressing
and forming the steel plates to the shape of a reducer then welding the seam . The heat
treatment and RT inspection is also necessary for the quality assurance.

www.steeljrv.com
 www.steeljrv.com

Source: China Pipe Reducer Manufacturer – Yaang pipe fitting Industry Co., Limited
(www.steeljrv.com)

(Yaang Pipe Industry is a leading manufacturer and supplier of nickel alloy and stainless
steel products, including Super Duplex Stainless Steel Flanges, Stainless Steel Flanges,
Stainless Steel Pipe Fittings, Stainless Steel Pipe. Yaang products are widely used in
Shipbuilding, Nuclear power, Marine engineering, Petroleum, Chemical, Mining, Sewage
treatment, Natural gas and Pressure vessels and other industries.)

If you want to have more information about the article or you want to share your opinion
with us, contact us at sales@steeljrv.com

Please notice that you might be interested in the other technical articles we’ve published:

• Tips for selecting expansion joints

• What is the difference between a steel pipe and a steel tube?

• Engineering Specification for Pressure Test of Piping System

• How to choose a valve and valve end connection type

• How to test pipe fitting?

• HOW TO GET HIGH QUALITY STAINLESS STEEL PIPES

• Development trend of high pressure pipe fittings

• How to get high quality flanges

• How to get high quality pipe fittings

• How to get high quality bellow expansion joints

• How to get high quality alloy steel pipes

• HOW TO GET HIGH QUALITY STEEL PIPES

• HOW TO GET HIGH QUALITY PIPE ELBOW

• WHAT ARE OUTLET PIPE FITTINGS

www.steeljrv.com
 www.steeljrv.com

• What are pipe caps

• WHEN TO USE A SPECTACLE BLIND FLANGE

• HOW TO GET HIGH QUALITY BOILER TUBES

• HOW TO GET HIGH QUALITY PIPE CAP

• HOW TO GET HIGH QUALITY PIPE BEND

• The difference between pipe nipple and pipe coupling

• What is a Pipe Nipple

• What is a pipe reducer

• HOW TO GET HIGH QUALITY PIPE OLETS

References:

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reducer
 http://www.whatispiping.com/reducers
 http://www.wermac.org/fittings/dim_reducers.html
 https://www.yaang.com

Related News
 ASME B16.9 ASTM A403 WP304 SMLS Concentric Reducer DN200 – DN50
SCH40S
 ASME B16.9 ASTM A403 WP304L SMLS Concentric Reducer DN40 – DN25
SCH40
 ASME B16.9 ASTM A403 WP304 SMLS Concentric Reducer DN25 – DN15
SCH40
 ASTM A106 Gr.B Concentric Reducer DN80 X DN50 Sch40
 ANSI B16.9 A234 WPB Butt Weld Concentric Reducer 8 X 6 Inch Sch40
 ASME B16.9 ASTM A403 WP304L Concentric Reducer DN300 X DN200 SCH40S
 ANSI B16.9 A234 WPB Butt Weld Concentric Reducer DN150 X DN50 SCH40
 ASTM A815 UNS32750 GR2507 Seamless Concentric Reducer 12 Inch-6 Inch
SCH40S
 ASTM A815 GR2507 Seamless Concentric Reducer 1 1/2″ – 3/4″ SCH10S
www.steeljrv.com