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Along the
centerline of the nozzle, the water speed increases from uentrance to uexit as sketched.
Measurements reveal that the centerline water speed increases parabolically through the
nozzle. Write an equation for centerline speed u(x), based on the parameters given here,
from x = 0 to x = L.
Parabolic speed:
Solution For a given velocity field we are to find out if there is a stagnation point. If so,
we are to calculate its location.
Assumptions.1 The flow is steady. 2 The flow is two-dimensional in the x-y plane.
At a stagnation point, both u and v must equal zero. At any point (x,y) in the flow field, the
velocity components u and v are obtained from above equation,
If the flow were three-dimensional, we would have to set w = 0 as well to determine the
location of the stagnation point. In some flow fields there is more than one stagnation
point.
Solution We are to calculate the material acceleration for a given velocity field.
Assumptions 1 The flow is steady. 2 The flow is incompressible. 3 The flow is two-
dimensional in the x-y plane.
Analysis The velocity field is
For positive x and b, fluid particles accelerate in the positive x direction. Even though this
flow is steady, there is still a non-zero acceleration field.
Calculate the acceleration field (find expressions for acceleration components ax and ay)
and calculate the acceleration at the point (x, y) = (1, 2).
Solution For a given velocity field we are to generate an equation for the streamlines.
Assumptions 1 The flow is steady. 2 The flow is two-dimensional in the x-y plane.
6) A general equation for a steady, two-dimensional velocity field that is linear in both
spatial directions (x and y) is
where U and V and the coefficients are constants. Their dimensions are assumed to be
appropriately defined. Calculate the x- and y-components of the acceleration field.
where ⃗𝑽
⃗ r is the velocity of the fluid relative to the control surface. Let Bsys be the mass m
of a system of fluid particles. We know that for a system, dm/dt = 0 since no mass can
enter or leave the system by definition. Use the given equation to derive the equation of
conservation of mass for a control volume.
10) Consider the general form of the Reynolds transport theorem (RTT). Let Bsys be the
⃗ of a system of fluid particles. We know thatfor a system, Newton’s
linear momentum m𝑽
second law is
Use the RTT Equation and this equation to derive the equation of conservation of linear
momentum for a control volume.
11)