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CEFEROXIME
CLASSIFICATION: ANTI-INFECTIVE DRUG
ACTION:
INDICATION:
• Ceferoxime sodium: Serious infections of the lower respiratory and urinary tracts, skin
and skin structure infections, bone and joints infections, septicaemia, meningitis,
gonorrhoea, and perioperative prophylaxis.
• Ceferoxime axetil: Otitis media, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, infections of the urinary and
lower respiratory tracts, and skin and skin-structure infections caused by Streptococcus
pneumoniae, and S. Pyogenes, Haemophilus influezae, Staphylococcus aureaus,
Escherichia coli, Moraxella catarrhalis Neisseria gonorrhoea, and Klebsiella and
Enterobacteria species.
• Otitis media
• Perioperative prophylaxis.
• Uncomplicated gonorrhoea
• Acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumonia or Haemophilus
influenza.
CONTRAINDICATION:
ADVERSE REACTION:
Skin: maculopapular and erythematous rashes, urticaria, pain, induration, sterile abscesses,
temperature elevation, tissue sloughing at I.M injection site.
PATIENT TEACHING:
• Tell patient to take all of the drugs as prescribed, even after he feels better.
• Do not take any new medication during therapy unless approved by prescriber.
• Instruct patient to take oral form with food. If patient has difficulty swallowing tablets,
show him how to dissolve or crush tablets but warn him that the bitter taste is hard to
mask, even with food. If suspension is being used, tell patient to shake container well
before measuring dose.
• Advise patient receiving drug I.V to report discomfort at I.V insertion site.
METRONIDAZOLE
ACTION:
Indications:
• Intestinal Amebiasis
• Trichomoniasis
• Refractory trichomoniasis
CONTRAINDICATION:
ADVERSE EFFECT:
• GU: darkened urine, polyuria, dysuria, cystitis, dyspareunia, dryness of vagina and vulva,
vaginal candidiasis, vaginitis, genital pruritis.
• Skin: rash
PATIENT TEACHING:
• Instruct patient to take oral form with food to minimize GI upset, although extended-
release tablets should be taken at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.
• Inform patient that sexual partners should be treated simultaneously to avoid reinfection.
• Tell patient that metallic taste and dark and red-brown urine may occur.
• Tell patient to avoid alcohol or alcohol containing drugs during therapy and for at least 3
days after therapy is completed.
• Urge the patient to complete full course of therapy even if he feels better.
ACTION:
CONTRAINDICATION:
INDICATIONS:
• Osteoarthritis.
ADVERSE EFFECT:
Metabolic: hypoglycaemia
Skin: rash, urticaria
PATIENTS TEACHING:
• Tell patient not to use drug for fever that’s higher than 103.1 F (39.5 C), lasts longer than
3 days, or recurs.
• Tell patient that drug is for short-term use. Explain the need to contact the prescriber if a
child takes the drug for longer than 5 days or an adult takes it for longer than 10 days.
• Warm patient that high doses or unsupervised long-term use can cause liver damage.
Excessive alcohol use may increase risk of hepatotoxicity.
• Tell patient to keep tract of daily acetaminophen intake, including OTC and prescription
medications.
• Tell breast feeding woman that drug appears in breast milk in levels less than 1% of dose.
VITAMIN A
CLASSIFICATION: Vitamin
ACTION:
Chemical effect: Stimulates retinal function, bone growth, reproduction, and integrity of
epithelial and mucosal tissues.
INDICATIONS:
RDA
CONTRAINDICATION:
Metabolic: cortica; thickening over radius and tibia, decalcification of bone, hypercalcemia,
migratory arthralgia, periostitis, premature closure of epiphysis, slow growth.
Skin: alopecia; dry,cracked, scaly skin; erythema; increased pigmentation; inflamed tounge, lips,
and gums; lip fissures; massive desquamation; night sweats, pruritus.
Patient teaching:
• Warn patient against taking megadoses of vitamins without specific indications. Also
stress that he not shares prescribed vitamins with others.
• Explain importance of avoiding prolonged use of mineral oil while taking this drug
because it reduces vitamin A absorption.
• Review the signs and symptoms of Vitamin A toxicity, and tell patent to report them
immediately.
• Advise patient to consume adequate protein, vitamin E, and zinc, which, along with bile,
are needed for vitamin A absorption.
CLASSIFICATION: Minerals
FUNCTION OF ZINC:
• Required for the normal development and maintenance of the immune system; helps
regulate the activity of cells involved in immune function.
ADVERSE EFFECTS: