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PROJECT WORK
“TO STUDY THE SETTING OF MIXTURE OF CEMENT WITH LIME, SAND, FLY ASH WITH RESPECT TO
SUBMITTED BY:
ROLL NO:
CERTIFICATE
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT ON
“TO STUDY THE SETTING OF MIXTURE OF CEMENT WITH LIME, SAND, FLY ASH WITH RESPECT TO
SUBMITTED BY:
For AISSE 2018 practical examination and successfully completed the Project work during the
given period of time.
Her performance is found satisfactory as she has demonstrated all experiment coming on the section correctly
with appropriate observation and result.
DATE:
I owe a great thanks to many people who helped and supported me during the preparation of this
project .I would like to convey my sincere gratitude to our chemistry mentor Sir Mr.Banjit Kalita for
his vital effort, gratitude, encouragement and inspiration from time to time, without which the
I would also like to express my heartiest gratefulness to principal sir for lending his support. Finally I
would like to thank my institution and faculty members without whom this project would not have
success.
BIO-DATA
ROLL NO.:
TOPIC: TO STUDY THE SETTING OF MIXTURE OF CEMENT WITH LIME, SAND, FLY ASH WITH RESPECT TO TIME AND
STRENGTH.
I hereby declare that the project work entitled ,“TO STUDY THE SETTING OF MIXTURE OF CEMENT
submitted to the Kendriya vidyalaya HPCL jagiroad is a record of an original work done by me under
the guidance of, Mr. Banjit kalita (PGT Chemistry) and Mr. P.Deka (Lab assistant) and this project work
has not performed the basis for the award of any Degree or Diploma/associate ship/fellowship and
Roll no.
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
AIM
MATERIALS REQUIRED
THEORY
PROCEDURE
OBSERVATION
RESULT
EXPERIMENTAL SET UP
PRECAUTION
REFERENCE
INTRODUCTION
Cement is essentially a finely ground mixture of calcium silicates (3Cao.SiO2) and aluminates
(3Cao.ALO3) which sets to a hard mass treated with water. This property makes cement capable of
joining rigid masses like bricks, stones, tiles etc. into coherent structures. The cements have of setting
and hardening under water due to certain physicochemical process and are, therefore, called
hydraulic cements. During setting of cement, physical changes taking place are gel formation and
The process of solidification of cement paste involves: (i) setting, and (ii) hardening.
Setting is stiffening of the original plastic mass into initial gel formation. After setting, hardening starts
due to gradual start of crystallization in the interior of the mass. The strength developed by cement at
any time depends upon the amount of gel formed and the extent of crystallization. A mixture of
cement, sand small pieces of stone (gravel) and water is known as concrete and sets to an extremely
hard structure.
When cement is used for construction purposes, it is always mixed with sand and little water to make
a pasty material called mortar. Here cement or lime forms the binding material and function of sand is
to prevent shrinking and cracking and to increase the bulk, thereby reducing the cost of the mortar.
When cement is used as the binding material it is called cement mortar and when lime is used as the
binder it is called lime mortar. Sand in addition to its other functions also increases the adhesive
Sand obtained from different sources has different qualities .For example, sea sand obtained from sea
contains some unwanted salts and retards the setting of cement and is unsuitable for making mortar.
On the other hand, pits sand obtained from pits in the soil and river sand obtained from river bed are
Time has an important role on the strength developed by cement mortar. When a cement sand paste
in the ratio 1:3 in water is allowed to dry, the strength of the solid mass keeps on increasing with
VII) CEMENT
Procedure
2) Take each the mixtures in different beakers and prepare their pastes by adding minimum quantity
of water.
3) Take 9 empty match box inner cases and mark them from 1 to 9.
a) Spray water from time to time over the pastes so that they remain moist all the time.
b) After three days take out one slab of each composition and test for their strength by taking
minimum weight which can break the slab and throw that weight on the slab from a height of 40 to
50 cm above.
c) Similarly, take out a set of three slabs after 7 days and then after 30days and test their strength
Observation table:
1:03
2. Cement: River sand: Fly ash gm. gm gm
2:09:01
1:03:01
The strength of the slab increases with the increase in setting time allowed.
With the increase in time , the strength of the slab increases and become more
strong.
PRECAUTIONS
The match box container should be strong enough to hold that paste.
1. PRACTICAL MANUAL
2. WIKIPIDEA.COM
3. WWW.ICBSE.COM