Introduction to WCDMA

REMOTEK Corporation
Taipei / Shanghai / Kuala Lumper

Jan. 15, 2008

Company Confidential © 2007
Agenda

1. Special Features of WCDMA System

2. Planning of WCDMA Repeater System
3. Selection of Donor Signal

2 Company Confidential © 2007

Agenda

1. Special Features of WCDMA System

2. Planning of WCDMA Repeater System
3. Selection of Donor Signal

3 Company Confidential © 2007

Special Features of WCDMA System

(A). Cell Breathing

¾ In the beginning of site plan, coverage of each cell is overlapped with nearby cells.
¾ Because WCDMA is using some frequency for every subscribers, growing traffic
will lead to the increase of UL interference as well.
¾ Since UL interference increases, the original UL coverage will start to shrink. That
is so-called “Cell Breathing”.
¾ For WCDMA repeater system, No Traffic No Traffic
it’s quite important to limit
the impact of UL interference High Traffic High Traffic
properly; otherwise, it may
make the UL coverage of
NodeB become smaller.
High Traffic High Traffic

No Traffic No Traffic

UL Coverage of WCDMA Network

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Special Features of WCDMA System

(B). DL Power Allocation

Below shows the power allocation for reserved headroom of 10 dB.
100% Donor 100% WCDMA
90% BTS 90% Repeater
80% 80%

Power Percentage (%)

Power Percentage (%)

70% 70%
60%
Concept 60%
Traffic CH. is Traffic CH.
50% (82%) 50% (82%)
40% the same 40%
Control CH. Control CH.
30% (8%) 30% (8%)
20% 20%
10% Pilot CH. 10% Pilot CH.
(10%) (10%)
0% 0%
5MHz 5MHz

¾ Headroom of 10dB is proposed for the design of WCDMA repeater system.

( Operator may use a headroom ranged from 6 to 16dB for NodeB.)
¾ Regarding to a 2W-repeater, 23dBm of maximal DL Output Power (CPICH) shall be designed.
Suppose that total power of this repeater (33dBm) was occupied by CPICH, coverage of
repeater will shrink easily once traffic increases.
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Special Features of WCDMA System

(C). UL MCL (Minimum Coupling Loss)

MCL is the minimum path loss from NodeB to UE in downlink path.
Regarding to UL noise issue, UL MCL must be considered.

Min. MCL Requirements

™ Macro-BTS： MCL ≧ 70dB Macro-BTS

™ Micro-BTS： MCL ≧ 53dB

path Loss:
™ Pico-BTS： MCL ≧ 45dB 70 dB at least

NodeB

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Special Features of WCDMA System

(C). UL MCL (Minimum Coupling Loss)

UL Noise Raised for some Macro-BTS Possible Impact for
MCL Value 40dB 45dB 50dB 55dB 65dB
insufficient MCL
Noise Raised 13dB 9dB 5dB 2dB 0.1dB
¾ Uplink Jam
¾ UL Coverage Decrease
¾ Mass Interference

5dB

1dB
0dB
(dB)

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Special Features of WCDMA System

(C). UL MCL (Minimum Coupling Loss)

MCL of R18 ( For balance DL/UL gain, UL MCL is the same with DL MCL.)
Formula.1. MCL ＝ L1 + L2 + L3 ≧ 70dB

Formula.2. L2 ≧ 70dB – L1 – L3

R18

PCPICH, NodeB
B L2
C
L3
= 33dBm L1
A PCPICH, Repeater 1m
= 5dBm D
Macro-BTS Service Antenna Input

Since L1 = PCPICH, NodeB – PCPICH, Repeater = 33dBm - 5dBm = 28dB

L3 = 40dB ……free space propagation loss at 1 meter for WCDMA
Thus L2 ≧ 70dB - L1 - L3 = 70 – 28 – 40 = 2dB
Calculation
( L2 must be equal or larger than 2dB.)

Service Ant. Input Power ≦ 5dBm – ( 2dB + 3dBi ) = 0 dBm

PCPICH, Repeater – ( L2 + GService Ant )
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Special Features of WCDMA System

(C). UL MCL (Minimum Coupling Loss)

MCL of R23 ( For balance DL/UL gain, UL MCL is the same with DL MCL.)
Formula.1. MCL ＝ L1 + L2 + L3 ≧ 70dB

Formula.2. L2 ≧ 70dB – L1 – L3
R23 To DAS

PCPICH, NodeB
B L2
C
L3
= 33dBm L1
A PCPICH, Repeater 1m
= 23dBm D
Macro-BTS Service Antenna Input

Since L1 = PCPICH, NodeB – PCPICH, Repeater = 33dBm - 23dBm = 10dB

L3 = 40dB ……free space propagation loss at 1 meter for WCDMA
Thus L2 ≧ 70dB - L1 - L3 = 70 – 10 – 40 = 20dB
Calculation
( L2 must be equal or larger than 20dB.)

Service Ant. Input Power ≦ 23dBm – ( 20dB + 3dBi ) = 0 dBm

PCPICH, Repeater – ( L2 + GService Ant )
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Special Features of WCDMA System

(C). UL MCL (Minimum Coupling Loss)

Significant Points for System Design
1. The headroom of 10dB must be reserved.

• Input power of service antenna must be equal or lower than 0dBm for any kinds
of repeater.

• Coupling loss of L2 (or DAS) must not too low. That means installing few
antennas (simple DAS) for a high power repeater is improper.

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Special Features of WCDMA System

(C). UL MCL (Minimum Coupling Loss)

How to satisfy MCL?
Way.1. Change BTS of different MCL requirement.
(a). Macro-BTS: ≧70dB, (b). Micro-BTS: ≧53dB, (c). Pico-BTS: ≧45dB

Increase L1 Way.2. Decrease output power (CPICH) of repeater by

(1). decreasing UL gain, (2). add external attenuation, (3). relocate donor ant.

Increase L2 Way.3. Decrease service ant. input power with more passive components or cable routing.

Increase L3 Way.4. Enlarge air separation between service ant. and UE.

R23 To DAS

PCPICH, NodeB
B L2
C
L3
= 33dBm L1
A PCPICH, Repeater 1m
= 23dBm D
Macro-BTS Service Antenna Input

11 Company Confidential © 2007

Agenda

1. Special Features of WCDMA System

2. Planning of WCDMA Repeater System
3. Selection of Donor Signal

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Planning of WCDMA Repeater System

DL Output Power (CPICH)

DL output power (CPICH) of a repeater must be equal or lower than max. output power of
this repeater by 6 dB, because major power must reserved for traffic and control channels.

DL Output Power (CPICH) ≦ ( Max. Output Power of Repeater ) – 10 dB

DL Gain = ( Max. Output Power of Repeater ) – ( Input RSCP of CPICH ) - 10 dB

WCDMA Repeater System

DL Output Power (CPICH) can only

Donor R23 ocupiy 10% of Max. Output Power of
NodeB Repeater.
Take R23 (2W, 33dBm) for example,
DL Output Power (CPICH) ≦ 23dBm
must be satisfied.
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Planning of WCDMA Repeater System

DL Output Power (CPICH)

Link Budget of R23-WCDMA
Calculation of DL Power Budget

RSCPANT., Donor RSCPDL, RPT RSCPANT., Service

-64 dBm 23 dBm 27 dBm
X X X
RSCPN6680 RSCPCable, Donor RSCPCable, Service RSCPat 1m
-74 dBm -67 dBm 13 dBm -13 dBm
X X X X

Max. O/P PWR

= 33 dBm

Donor R23
NodeB

PCPICH, NodeB GANT., NodeB Air Interface GANT., Donor LCable, Donor GDL, RPT LCable, Service GANT., Service L at 1m
33 dBm 18 dBi 10 dBi -3 dB 90 dB -10 dB 14 dBi -40 dB

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Planning of WCDMA Repeater System

DL Output Power (CPICH)

Link Budget of R18-WCDMA
Calculation of DL Power Budget

RSCPANT., Donor RSCPDL, RPT RSCPANT., Service

-63 dBm 5 dBm 2 dBm
X X X
RSCPN6680 RSCPCable, Donor RSCPCable, Service RSCPat 1m
-73 dBm -65 dBm -1 dBm -38 dBm
X X X X

Max. O/P PWR

= 15 dBm

Donor
NodeB R18

PCPICH, NodeB GANT., NodeB Air Interface GANT., Donor LCable, Donor GDL, RPT LCable, Service GANT., Service L at 1m
33 dBm 18 dBi 10 dBi -2 dB 70 dB -6 dB 3 dBi -40 dB

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Planning of WCDMA Repeater System

UL Noise Floor
GSM Repeater
(a). The figure is the UL noise floor
measured from output port (BTS
port) or a GSM repeater, R27-GSM.
(b). The UL noise floor is similar to
WCDMA repeaters.

WCDMA Repeater
To alleviate increment of noise at NodeB, UL Gain shall be at least
– 20 dB lower than Link Loss for low-power repeater.
– 10 dB lower than Link Loss for high-power repeater.

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Planning of WCDMA Repeater System

UL Noise Floor
UL Noise Calculation of R23 ( Link Loss is insufficient )
Noise Raised = (-102.88) – (-107) = 4.12 dB
Total Noise ＝ (-107 dBm) + (-105 dBm) ＝ (1.99526 x 10-14 W) + (3.16227 x 10-14 W) ＝ 5.15754 x 10-14 W ≣ -102.88 dBm

-12
-105 Noise from Repeater dBm
-107 Noise from Room Temperature -107
dBm

5MHz 5MHz 5MHz

-105dBm -12dBm -107dBm

10dBi -3dB UL Gain: 90dB

Noise Figure: 5dB

Loss = 100 dB
33 dBm -67dBm R23
Donor Loss = 93 dB
X
NodeB
Output of R23
Link Loss = 93 dB = 30dBm

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Planning of WCDMA Repeater System

UL Noise Floor
UL Noise Calculation of R23 ( “Idea design” )
Noise Raised = (-105.80) – (-107) = 1.2 dB
Total Noise ＝ (-107 dBm) + (-112 dBm) ＝ (1.99526 x 10-14 W) + (0.63096 x 10-14 W) ＝ 2.62622 x 10-14 W ≣ -105.80 dBm

-12
dBm
-107 Noise from Room Temperature -107
-112 Noise from Repeater dBm

5MHz 5MHz 5MHz

-112dBm -12dBm -107dBm

10dBi -3dB UL Gain: 90dB

Noise Figure: 5dB

Loss = 107 dB
33 dBm -74dBm R23
Donor Loss = 100 dB
X
NodeB
Output of R23
Link Loss = 100 dB = 23dBm

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Planning of WCDMA Repeater System

UL Noise Floor
UL Noise Calculation of R23 ( “Idea design” plus “UL Att. = 5dB” )
Noise Raised = (-106.59) – (-107) = 0.41 dB
Total Noise ＝ (-107 dBm) + (-117 dBm) ＝ (1.99526 x 10-14 W) + (0.19953 x 10-14 W) ＝ 2.19479 x 10-14 W ≣ -106.59 dBm

-17
dBm
-107 Noise from Room Temperature -107
dBm
-117 Noise from Repeater
5MHz 5MHz 5MHz

-117dBm -17dBm -107dBm

UL ATT: 5dB
10dBi -3dB UL Gain: 90dB
Noise Figure: 5dB

Loss = 107 dB
33 dBm -74dBm R23
Donor Loss = 100 dB
X
NodeB
Output of R23
Link Loss = 100 dB = 23dBm

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Planning of WCDMA Repeater System

UL Noise Floor
UL Noise Calculation of R18 ( Link Loss is insufficient )
Noise Raised = (-102.88) – (-107) = 4.12 dB
Total Noise ＝ (-107 dBm) + (-105 dBm) ＝ (1.99526 x 10-14 W) + (3.16227 x 10-14 W) ＝ 5.15754 x 10-14 W ≣ -102.88 dBm

-105 Noise from Repeater -31

-107 Noise from Room Temperature dBm -107
dBm

5MHz 5MHz 5MHz

-105dBm -31dBm -107dBm

10dBi -2dB
UL Gain: 70dB
Noise Figure: 6dB
Loss = 82 dB
33 dBm -49dBm X
Donor Loss = 74 dB R18 Output of R18
NodeB = 15dBm (29dBm)

Link Loss = 74 dB

20 Company Confidential © 2007

Planning of WCDMA Repeater System

UL Noise Floor
UL Noise Calculation of R18 ( “Idea design” )
Noise Raised = (-105.24) – (-107) = 1.76 dB
Total Noise ＝ (-107 dBm) + (-129 dBm) ＝ (1.99526 x 10-14 W) + (1 x 10-14 W) ＝ 2.99526 x 10-14 W ≣ -105.24 dBm

-31
-107 Noise from Room Temperature dBm -107
-110 Noise from Repeater dBm

5MHz 5MHz 5MHz

-110dBm -31dBm -107dBm

10dBi -2dB
UL Gain: 70dB
Noise Figure: 6dB
Loss = 87 dB
33 dBm -54dBm X
Donor Loss = 79 dB R18 Output of R18
NodeB = 15dBm (24dBm)

Link Loss = 79 dB

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Planning of WCDMA Repeater System

UL Noise Floor
UL Noise Calculation of R18 ( “Idea design” )
Noise Raised = (-106.97) – (-107) = 0.03 dB
Total Noise ＝ (-107 dBm) + (-129 dBm) ＝ (1.99526 x 10-14 W) + (0.01259 x 10-14 W) ＝ 2.00785 x 10-14 W ≣ -106.97 dBm

-31
-107 Noise from Room Temperature dBm -107
-129 dBm
Noise from Repeater
5MHz 5MHz 5MHz

-129dBm -31dBm -107dBm

10dBi -2dB
UL Gain: 70dB
Noise Figure: 6dB
Loss = 106 dB
33 dBm -73dBm X
Donor Loss = 98 dB R18 Output of R18
NodeB = 5dBm

Link Loss = 98 dB

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Agenda

1. Special Features of WCDMA System

2. Planning of WCDMA Repeater System
3. Selection of Donor Signal

23 Company Confidential © 2007

Tools & Software

GSM Procedure：
• Connect Nokia-6150 with a donor antenna.
Tools • Search donor signal & decide the direction of antenna.
• Make 5 calls and last 1 minute. (check quality of donor)

Nokia-6150
( NetMonitor ) AYI-G10 / AYI-D10
or
AYO-W09

Donor BTS
Adaptor Cable

Connector Software

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Tools & Software

WCDMA
Since most of mobile phones nowadays haven’t connecting port of external antenna,
directly measured by a engineering-mode mobile phone is also acceptable.
Tools Software
Nokia-6680 Nokia-6630 Field Test Display

Cell Track (Cell ID)

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Criteria of Selection

WCDMA – Three Criteria as below descriptions & formulas

1. Signal Strength — RSCP of donor signal is better ranged from -60 to -70 dBm. (Depends)
2. Signal Quality — Ec/No of donor signal must be equal or larger than -7 dB.
3. Signal Stability — RSCP of donor signal must be equal or larger than neighbor signals by 6 dB.

EC
(RSCP) AS_CPICH = (RSSI) Total_Power + ( ) AS_CPICH = - 60 ~ - 70 dB
N0

EC
( ) AS_CPICH ≥ - 7 dB
N0
Remark
AS_CPICH: Pilot Channel in Active Set (i.e., Serving Cell)
EC EC
( ) AS_CPICH - ( ) MS_CPICH ≥ 6 dB MS_CPICH: Pilot Channel in Monitor Set (i.e., Neighbor Cell)
Total_Power: Total power including CPICH, Control &
N0 N0 Traffic Channels for some frequency.

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 Thank You！
Question？

27 Company Confidential © 2007