PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Age Sex Cardiovasc Hypertensi Genetics Smoking Sedentary Diet Diabetes

ular Dse on Lifestyle Mellitus

Increase in Male is Cardiovasul Increase in Family Cigarettes Sedentary Foods rich DM causes
age will more at car blood history of are potent lifestyle in sugar, sluggish
make an risk for diseases pressure stroke, vasodilator increases salt, and blood flow
individual stroke decreases deprives hypertensi s which an cholesterol thereby
more at because of the ability body on, and contribute individual contributes decreasing
risk for their of the heart organs of diabetes to risk for to diabetes oxygen to
diseases lifestyle to pump oxygen mellitus hypertensi obesity, and the brain.
especially which can blood to because of can on. This diabetes, hypertensi This also
cardiac cause different poor contribute also and no leading helps in
problems complicatio organs of circulation to stroke increases cardiovascu to developing
ns of the the body attacks. risk for lar atheroscelr atheroscler
heart causing blood clot complicatio osis osis.
oxygen formations. ns.
deprivation

ATHEROSCLEROSIS
 Accumulation of plaques along Increase in blood flow pressure
the lumen of blood vessel

Decrease in blood vessel

Blood vessel ruptures.
diameter

Clotting factors occlude in

Blood forms hematoma
plaques

Segment of occluded platelets

Destroys and compresses brain
detaches
tissue

Travels to smaller vessels

Blood clot blocks of blood flow

OXYGEN DEPRIVATION Headache

Cerebellum Frontal lobe & Broca’s area Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe &
wernicke’s area

Loss of movement, Slurred speech, loss of Numbness, Loss of Loss of vision and vision Inability to interpret sound
balance, and coordination control of skeletal muscles, sensation interpretation and smell, inability to
apathy, weakness comprehend sentences
 Diagnostic exams:

1) Hematology
2) Radiology
3) CT scan
4) EEG
5) MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
6) Neurological exam

STROKE

TRAN SCIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK CEREBROVASCULAR ATTACK

is a change in the blood supply to a particular area of the brain, resulting
in brief neurologic dysfunction that persists, by definition, for less than
24 hours.
is the rapidly developing loss of brain function(s) due to disturbance in
the blood supply to the brain. This can be due to ischemia (lack of blood
flow) caused by blockage (thrombosis or arterial embolism) or due to
a hemorrhage (leakage of blood). As a result, the affected area of the
brain is unable to function, leading to inability to move one or more
limbs on one side of the body, inability to
understand or formulate speech, or inability to see one side of the visual
field.

If Managed If Not Managed

 Brain is continuously deprived with oxygen
Medical management: Nursing Management:

1) Anticoagulants 1) Bed rest

2) Antiplatelets 2) Lifestyle modification
3) Thrombolytic Agents 3) Compliance to meds
4) Antihypertensives 4) Diet modification May affect other parts of the brain
5) Neuroprotective agents 5) Report early signs of
stroke

Progressive brain death

Surgical Management:

1) Carotid endarterectomy - in this procedure, a surgeon removes plaques

blocking the carotid arteries that run up both sides of your neck to your
brain Permanent Paralysis
2) Angioplasty and stents - Angioplasty is another technique that can widen
the inside of a plaque-coated artery leading to your brain, usually the
carotid artery using a balloon tipped catheter

Coma

DEATH