In general, we say afraid to do (using the to-infinitive) to talk about the real action we are

afraid to do.
We say afraid of doing (using of+gerund) to talk about other possible actions that may
happen which would make us feel afraid.
En general, se dice afraid to do (usando el to-infinitive) para hablar de la acción real que
nos da miedo llevar a cabo.
Se dice afraid of doing (usando of+gerund) para hablar de otras acciones posibles que
podrían ocurrir y que nos darían miedo.

 afraid to do
She is afraid to speak in front of all those people.
(She doesn't want to speak in front of all those
people because she's afraid.)

 afraid of doing
She is afraid of saying something wrong.
(She is afraid because she might say something wrong.)

We say go shopping to talk about shopping as a leisure activity, something done in our
spare time. We say do the shopping to talk about shopping as housework or an activity
that is part of the routine.
Usamos go shopping para hablar de las compras como una actividad de ocio, algo que
realizamos en nuestro tiempo libre. Usamos do the shopping para hablar de las compras
como una tarea hogareña o una actividad que es parte de la rutina.

 go shopping
She loves going shopping and buying new clothes.
(She does it in her spare time.)

 do the shopping
She usually does the shopping every Saturday.
(She buys the necessary things for the home,
it's part of the housework.)

Key
We use as
- to talk about the role of somebody/something. Example: He works as a computer
programmer. (He is one.)
- to mean 'in the same way'. It's followed by a subject and a verb. Examples:
You think as your father did.
Our store will open on 25 December, as we usually do.

We use like
- to talk about similarity. Example: He uses the computer like a computer programmer
(but he's not one).
- to mean 'in the same way'. It's followed by an object, or by a subject and a verb.
Examples:
You think like your father.
Our store will open on 25 December, like we usually do.
Usamos as
- para hablar sobre el rol de alguien/algo. Ejemplo: He works as a computer programmer.
(He is one.)
- para decir 'de la misma manera'. Va seguido de un sujeto y verbo. Ejemplos:
You think as your father did.
Our store will open on 25 December, as we usually do.

Usamos like
- para hablar sobre una similitud. Ejemplo: He uses the computer like a computer
programmer (but he's not one).
- para decir 'de la misma manera'. Va seguido de un objeto, o de un sujeto y un verbo.
Ejemplos:
You think like your father.
Our store will open on 25 December, like we usually do.

 as
She works as a tourist guide. (She is one.)
You look as you brother did when he was your age.

 like
She knows the place like a tourist guide (but she's not one.)
You look like your brother.

Historic means 'making history or important in history'.

Historical means 'related to the study of history'.
Historic significa 'que hace historia o es importante en la historia'.
Historical significa 'relacionado con el estudio de la historia'.

 historic
The landing on the moon was a historic moment.
This is a historic monument.

 historical
You have done a lot of historical research.
There is no historical evidence for it.

Economic means 'connected with the economy'.

Economical means 'not expensive to use'.
Economic significa 'relacionado con la economía'.
Economical significa 'que no es caro usarlo'.

 economic
This has been an economic miracle.
The country is under an economic crisis.

 economical
This is an economical car, you can drive 100km
with just one litre!

Key
Drive is used with vehicles of four or more wheels.
You drive a car, a taxi, a bus, a lorry, a train.
Ride is used with vehicles of two wheels, or with anything that we straddle.
You ride a bike, a bicycle, a motorbike, a pony, a horse, a camel.
It is also used with vehicles that you are not driving.
Drive se usa con vehículos de cuatro o más ruedas.
You drive a car, a taxi, a bus, a lorry, a train.
Ride se usa con vehículos de dos ruedas, o con lo que se monta.
You ride a bike, a bicycle, a motorbike, a pony, a horse, a camel.
También se usa con vehículos que no estás conduciendo tú.

 drive (drove, driven)

He lives in New York, where he drives a taxi.
Can you drive a lorry?
You need a special license to drive a bus.
  ride (rode, ridden)
I have never learned how to ride a bike.
When I was in Africa, I rode a camel.
It's very easy to ride a horse.

 Notice the difference:

If you drive a train, you are the driver.
If you ride a train, you are a passenger.

If you drive a bus, you are the driver.

If you ride a bus, you are a passenger.

The basic meaning is the same: 'in the direction of.'

Toward is used mostly in American English.
Towards is used mostly in British English.
El significado básico es el mismo: 'en dirección a.'
Toward se usa mayormente en inglés americano.
Towards se usa mayormente en inglés británico.

 toward/s
As soon as she saw me, she came running toward/s me.
She turned her back toward/s the sun.
They kept walking toward/s the river.
The couple stayed there, looking out toward/s the sea.

House is used to talk about a type of building.

Home is used to talk about the place where someone lives and feels that he belongs to.
House se usa para hablar de un tipo de construcción.
Home se usa para hablar del lugar donde alguien vive y al que siente que pertenece.

 house
You have a beautiful house, Mary!
This house was built in the sixteenth century.
I'd like to move here, so I'm looking for a new house in this neighbourhood.

 home
Oh, home, sweet home!
She lives a long way from home.
He left home at eighteen.

 Related words
houseproud: giving great attention to the care and appearence of one's home
housework: work done in a house
homework: work given to students to be done at home
homesick: sad because one is away from home
homeless: without a home

They mean the same: Paying money to be allowed to use something for a certain amount
of time. Both are used in some situations:
You rent or hire a car, a bike, a TV, a camera.

Rent is preferred when talking about a flat, a house, a caravan.

Hire is also used when talking about people and tools.

When used as a noun we say 'flats to rent', but 'bikes for hire'.
Ambos significan lo mismo: Pagar dinero para obtener permiso para usar algo por un
cierto período de tiempo. En algunas situaciones se usan ambos:
You rent or hire a car, a bike, a TV, a camera.
Rent es preferible al hablar de un departamento, una casa, una casa rodante.
Hire también se usa al hablar de personas y herramientas.

Cuando se usan como sustantivo decimos 'flats to rent', pero 'bikes for hire'.

 rent (rented, rented)

How long are you renting this car?
She's renting a flat in the middle of the city.

 hire (hired, hired)

I hired this bicycle for two hours.
My company is hiring new people.

Remember means to 'have the memory of something', 'not forget something'.

Remind means 'make somebody remember something'.
Remember significa tener el recuerdo de algo, no olvidar algo.
Remind significa hacerle acordar a alguien de algo.

 remember
I don't remember you address.
Remember that you have an appointment with the doctor today.
I remember reading that book in school.

 remind
This place reminds me of home.
Remind me that I have an appointment with the doctor today.
That reminds me, I have to go to the bank.

 Related words and expressions

remembrance (n): object that makes you remember something, souvenir
reminder (n): note or object that prevents you from forgetting something

Hear refers to the action of receiving sounds in our ears unintentionally.

Listen refers to the action of paying attention to the sounds in our ears.
Hear se refiere a la acción de recibir sonidos en nuestras orejas involuntariamente.
Listen se refiere a la acción de prestar atención a los sonidos en nuestras orejas.

 hear (heard, heard)

I heard a crash when I opened the window.
Grandpa can't hear very well.

 listen (listened, listened)

Have you listened to his latest song?
Listen! Somebody is coming!

Ensure means to make certain or make sure of something. For example, ensure (=make
sure) that you are paid for the extra work.
Insure is used when you pay money to an insurance company to be protected. For
example, to insure yourself, a property, a car.
Ensure significa asegurarse de algo. Por ejemplo, ensure (=make sure) that you are paid
for the extra work.
Insure se usa cuando pagas dinero a una compañía de seguros para estar protegido. Por
ejemplo, to insure yourself, a property, a car.

 ensure
Please ensure that you lock all doors.
We ensure that the president will be safe during the parade.
  insure
This company will insure my car for only $40 per month.
Ensure you remember to insure your mobile phone against theft before travelling
abroad.

Although they are translated the same way in Spanish, these verbs have different
meanings:

Wait means that you do something until something else happens.

Expect means that you think that something will happen.
Hope means that you want something to happen.
Aunque se traducen igual en español, estos verbos tienen diferentes significados:

Wait significa que haces algo hasta que otra cosa suceda.
Expect significa que piensas que algo ocurrirá.
Hope significa que deseas que algo ocurra.

 wait
I'm waiting for the bus.
Wait for me!
I will wait until she comes back.

 expect
I expect to arrive in a week (you think you will).
We didn't expect her to stay so long.
They expect to finish the work next month.

 hope
I hope to arrive in a week (you are not certain but you want to).
I hope everything goes well.
I hope you come.