Tongue =F mascolar DIGESTIIE SYSTEM stratified squares WK) ~ sphin 7 v ™“. = meant of bs ar = passes thrvagn diaphragm -» TID (esophageal ialvs) = Cicoum vallale > Ciwier = glands -> esophageal proper Cran (ebb = \ Novices - dislnded wscels sein pore ‘eee = GiERD (gashoesephagua refx dies ~ metaplasia Svormasa glands “Tania loose c+ Zpainancats> gerlar — STOMPCH (Single caturinar + mucavs cals + gastte pit , plexus iss) Barratt Ubsie layers ‘¢glareé) Nees bbuccinalor ruse? arch = 5+ muscle layers = muscolaris mucesa (2) tusclris cadar reseed trusalarisexeona (3) (08\->cse—» om) ex lengitdinal = Svomandibula = ; a peas asebaci) aD ee Toca in he gptrio pis Sensa/ — musotheliom Gir = duct empties labral -p 108 MUCDES = mus Aebriitia Glrpe sams) gel end cn neck - ras « pss. watt Sublingual @ Parietal ~ Hot + intrinsic faclor = nerve + blood soppy ~MaUeNS + Sees =D Chief —-pepsinogen + gastie lipase Visca! Rectal ce bern oat -aashin Nv. ons — Peptic veers caused by ict ar 4 mau lining lessor lesser she greaee Pen = GT ack perforations Sat + Omurtim are lds fom He ruscalaris yerSMALL INTESTINES ~ part of dvedenum = reiperitoneal ing else => iniaperioneal —baveais:: fat transport = Microvill: vil + plione civauavis, -U basic layers -Swrait nistines cells Alsorpive - O fuser bors rwhients 8 Grobler ~ mos © Enbsvendocrine -seurtin 4 Cok + GP @ aren -Iysroyre (pragoages) E)Slem ceils ~ regenerating Bronners: Glands iq sdomucasa Up bor acidity of gastric coments, ty OF ens ~tplicae cireularis “thong, branched plone civoois & Tabsorption =A cicular lds — Poss ches. ogre lyrphaid LARGE INTESTINE absorption : wale ions , vitamins = production : vitamin B+ k — Foumation + expulsion of fees = Weocecal valine ~~ Taplolet cells =o paren calls ~ hausha = ‘nia cl = epiploke appendages ~ appendix - Appendicitis ~Divertioulay disease Losac forms inthe wall of LL = Tapldet cetis = sitple cup shatied Squemas - A vssiiarized = Intanal sphinc. > Sirodth rwscle _ Giana! sphine.—> steletal muscle Colorectal Cancer —» Fleer in diet ~ Celine Disease ~allagons > airphied PC i evcivids —» bid els pats ~ Hepatvayles :~cobsidal with central nucle = qlyaogen storage ob Gall addy Beto Wiad 1. Bile duct ste 2. Hepatic a. sn Re HepatvogiesBIUARY TREE “PANCREAS: (reropertoren) Rivvpatic —L.hepatic = 9 of andar epitalivm is duce dick awngedin clit + acs YC ‘epavcteatic co ae Wpalic doc is awanegd im clusters called a Caroma ‘bile duct feregate HEPerD Panckermic Duct av at part of duaderum -Saundice (GIALETBLABDER (ange casrn = Volume: 30-50 ml = Store + concentate bile ~ Smotin muscle eanttacts +o release bile ¥ cou fluenceDEVELOPMENT OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Starts in U week Endadeern Mesodesm Cepia ineg + gords) Gamat scl bed ses + C1) ae oT 2 Splanchnic : ilegt—“Hndgs ~ Stardom ec) v 4 ee ot cy SE a li, Large Wesine —— faons tape in owe ema ices fares prays Ghee a) + aus duodenum ~Drpharyrpal menbrare :Fsed ecodem + endoderm hat sepaenes Saget from Soren ~Clocal mame’ sed ecatinn + endoderm stat ‘Sparates Firdget fom prectodeomTESTIS (npn) ~ Cruptovchidism - failure of testis to descent MALE REPRD. seis aes sex S glands EPIDIDYMIS (4-69 = shores spar 4 secrees + into ~ can be fand in + abdorninal ~ Festis > 250 loboles -» |-4 semirifernas tobutes —Seminiferous tuboles i, plop += lined with shalified epi serge cin, ‘SCROTUM ~mainain Jempeature (36°) ee dlasipnles heat Lpevaporation of sweat from suptal skin 4 dartos muscle age ducks ding, ejaculation praduce Uppromale speim maturation, DUCTUS DEFERENS | ~ epics -speem—> eycuidn, = forms ampulla at derminal end ~prnduce Frese rich fhid => nurture = union of orp of ducts celeron + duct of servinal uesicles = opens ints prostatic uretiva, ~seeretes uid -> odor of serren ~ Secrehions |= PSA Grostoic =prstagiandins = citric aia lipids ~ acid phosphatase = prokeaiytic eraymes ~ 5 ldbes © 2 lakeal 1 median -> BPH \ amserior \pastror > prosaic O pre-prstatic Oprostatic @ menioranaus. @ perile pane) PENIS. = 2 corpora, cavernosa, ~ | Conpussspongiesuen,EXTRA NOTES OT Saale ~Bruibouelnval Glands + sec aaine Puid daring sexual ania in Chae poke HAL passing spezm by ravbalizing = Speermaingpacssis :-~ 68-TSclays (300 mitian (dey) age in +e wethea that can be left over ~sprmatngon a > I spemabegs ii) wine / she <2 spots Seman 28 Se eet 0-150 millin Speen mat See phe 72-17 = Spention + Ylease of mabtd sperm cats Bom Serta = Duds in tots : ee emg) mates up te. erent etucts aole epiidayriS of picts ~ Serena :-lang branching emiorovil in He columnar cots oF the epiidagnis increase surface ayes for cedwiphion of dageeraicd spesm ~ Ducts deferens = paendostaifed columrat = lamina papria.) rrasclvis) ong ~Varicocele : Swelling of seohm doe tp varicosities“STRUCTURES IN PELVIS” ~Vesicovlerine pouch - uesws + bladder —Redo-virine pouch = viens + reokm (puich of Davglas) Le coieced Flvid can be ste by _coldacentesis. ~ Broad Ligaen ~ 2 layers oF perioreum Femate REPRO ~ie ovarian fossa = dogpresis + syrihsis + Seereion of ‘servid hormones = Ovi codes : ovarian flies cewelopmn ~ Innur madulla : blood vessels + nerves = surface + Single cobsidal > eaminalrepilion * = Wering tubes , vessels , round {i vai iy vlsoaginl rare “Tica bogie PIOUS ,fympraties ©Mesouaivm ant ovany-> post broad lig eel —Poogeian—> freee > soo OMesosaipin - suspend vlering tubes Geope-son.me) | mabe = of ulus vila ian @ Mesartivn ~ mente, pant es “Round Ligortortt ~ Keeps ules in anlevertd + anieRevet = contin. in inguinal cana as nt ~ Ovan > pei wal —tarsport owen se a ote ST Ova = o1any > - ion (anpata) on Ligaen = mses en ee os) ifn ~ Transverse cervial Liganent —cenvix 4+ ogina —> lateral omnpalia ‘pevie wal 3 i) isthmys cosa intrarnral ~ mucosa) musular’s )Seresa, SHE Oty Nek Cie. anion para Tong —sik of implantation ~prokct + nuuish fs = Sure of runstval Flow pg esac SR rronese cel i = pocei i Teno MYO | | excolHNo | PERI | — Blood Seppiy: Verio areries—> arevae —> radial (ends) eri op PY Shaight Spical G-basais) (Encinas) —Fibrtid (lieornyoma) benign famor oF smanth rn pe oF ES ~Pevicinflarmaty Disease (Pt) inconHed v 5 Primordial BH LH ‘lee ae Md Nae 12, tong toagk “ht Jy \v Penge v Seay" slags ream) (pou) Todays Belay = bulb of he vestioole “WAGINA (stratified squamais Ne) —Foiices : - anterior = posterior =3 laeral - 0 glords has dendritic ceils thot ane antigen - prsering cas cept) rina P.) muscdes) advert re Lo atolac C1 =brg, §——Loanchars wenn ~ modified sweat glands 2 15- lobes react om oxi, pilhny placenta = 751 lymphatic drsinage -> astany nhes = 2S. lynphate drainage -» porasteal odessted in S™ yee DEVELOPMENT OF — inlemebine mised —> Gonaddbvigs = AIC /FEMALE REPRO, ~ mial fs wesoraohns string sce OHS) —> nt fone =the musape dues —> wands —> mle» ——{ o> es up a Pre SOME Laytig ts “> tsbskrone—s dep arcesong ongprs = mesonepric dich -> seminierns ‘bales = endadtral geste of urchen > pestle qand oo sobre! Ne pacamesnaptv ducts —> eli dvds —> fale cep 'Y __> ovaties, views vagina , Uline bes eros Co eed ie pcctusonepie ovr. chs ucts es aeraRequistion OF :- bled ionic: corrpositicn bled pa = blood glucose, = blood Ssetalarity ~erayrc seagate na of of lad pressor eat of waste paduets KIDNEYS (een —TA-L3 (Covered by UNIO cbs le» dense ivreg condinvevs with UrCkS (ovlee cont) corex ——> VG medulla TW Faspepiiag aes \ Jorrinar eles malic calyces (3) URINARY SYSTEM Renal ¥ Seysental ¥ Ineo v Arevade 4 Inierlobolar Perent acecites 4 Grlomalar capilaies Effeent aclsiols > vasa recta Toit capitorics Anteridiolar gosh = pass 4hinugh yenal plens renal pelvis lcavity) ttre Grlorerdas ea SeLcetirent Pet ReT—>cr ft Rr cog BL AL fi: oat cpl i in coke cores ard hawt shore eps 45) Sorority rena psc sy coer rt are Lae ps sep va is-207)—Rero bale + ceching dt RET simple oabidal with ‘chterdée ion Des inh? Simple Sqyaraus = Thek AUS Simple cubsidal -> low coer teste DET: sme oda ra \ -indescalaled Yew oY Yee tou =— = Grloeveislow Fitttation = ¥ ‘ eg moc “Tilor 901 of Fine moves hans ipa cbr) act inf bled Usaquese air cis, ins Tia Secretion seceion of waste, dans, iain ui fom bed OFeneshenion of gonaiay endian @ Bosal lamina of qomerios @ sit wamovare bebween pices (URETERS Wernpertonal) - Laypss _gfendoalepihom USO ming prpria (arela) aa Sines. Souter ene! —}> scheitia laa) Geese: + res J BR fee long Dene mace wa exe. {OSA —> danse vn nea eae Bud > np een mide Que res interior Noni hypogpsttic sympathetic plows $2453 (pelvie splanchnic nese) ~ Female layers: sranciin> Sngle nec ian (oeolar » elastic + ‘ine \ —pPmesolaris > ciratae ~ Male aygss ae Si pra | lastcwremes) sing’ | —tpemslais serie oO~Stards in 3 week ~ poste —>inesmediate pesttoc westdemn —> amelie Karas f Aocaled in urogenital G a (Seek) Le forens cattecting duck, Calyees, ‘eral pelvis, eter —Netavphve: usadurn foes, repens DEVELOPMENT OF URINARY SYSTEM —wniladra renal agentsis : only one Kidney devel (right) — Pala tides: hina Faces wrong dition ~~ Codie Widrey : dorermal poston OF Kidneys Poy —Heesedrae Kidnay ' 2 Kideeys fase inferiorly Close evporded rina post of hind gut = common tet 4 —Urogprifal siews:—uinag + genital ducts emphy ams ina bladder thonEMBRYONIC DIVISIONS, NERVOUS SYSTEM ~ BRAIN STEM > Cerebral Corer [> Telencephaion———> Cerebval whi mater —OMiabain - process visual + audtony inorenation, 0 Prosencephalon Basal gangion = eblesiee somatic reobo espeneet Thalamus = conlers fy mainlenance of peed “f -@ Pons + Cerebellum - contet cerebellum 40 beain s¥erm ‘Subthalamys: = uclei with somatic + visceral enter Epvhdarus “ ~Q)Medulla Coonggla ~ relay sensory information * Aral, @Mesencepraton ——> Mesencephalon —> Hidbeain = centers fr autonomic Finctions, (RB? digestion) Cerebellum Pans GRAY MATTER | WHITE MATTER @ Rhowloencrghalon — Migplencestalen —» Meda Oolongaia —Sunands warides + | tacts sored ruc! ‘Passogenas ~ reas Begin ena, merge, CEREBRUM = forms nice’ beach avon /4haugh rclei _DIENCEFHALON, = in carom + cxebelum it extra corexCodes prt) -> ge, rar ao ni is creed by ura: eit oes latch Ancins, 4 _e a de ieee) oe ee ~@ Thalaros - se ae! ages of Bra — each herrgpher recieves sensory tole ~GHypolvlonus - visceral contd center ond sends mob commands > opp. Lic coast play god Sides Gpemnaion + horreres.= Couies Fed with CSF lined with “eperaynal cells ~ 4: O4@-> in enc erent huizphere @ >in diencephalon @—roehween pars + cereetmy ~ CSF ciation: thnegh venice « conta canal ino ssbovadwuld Space Fmagh foramina, Fae petite —Fahx ceri - between &cerebri ~p-+ Ink. Sagi sses —Tertoiurn cerebell between cerebelm 4 cerebrum, ~arswesse sinus ~Faly. cerebelli—velween cereal = octiptay sinus ~ Diaghvagina, Seliae ~ lara 40 pitivtay anchors dom mater ~Separted fe ends ‘aharp anieining sre, +a —Aacharcid Mair - betuten dura + pia Lysuborachnvid space - uolite meshund OF alge + ease Fe (wa —> pid) Pia Hale - dace dicate nf oF bein ~ anchored +0 Drain by ~~ Puascolavised —cagilanyerdo hal ats conneckd by ts anspor acs is seecive + dlechonal ony lipid-sobble Oa tae ret pss ace Aaeert 4 of geet ered mast ~ Intact except: OPorts oF huprnaigs-> permit. diffsion ‘of hypothalmic hoemavs Poon gore @crend pron ie otse padicon > to0F of 344 um wriices crate SN ote >a lenin 1 err cation cepillotes cr permeable ot = Peart cotaet betwen near isnt + bees ~ Suqper brain —Varsport nobrients, missengs, waste = dasived fom bleed placer = in contact with CHS inirsttial Hid 4 racid-pans(epenetyea! cls) & vascular einer ona erhicks tt “pod Se Ly capities axe Grustoted + Teme odie nt eae 1s emove waste pcs fom OSE glee empestion Ly ~abel prauced fay, #54 ened hos, lay —ntwaione 3s uct eave Spent patente <— ov. tala seman “rial pack : mia part cousCeReBRUM BRAIN LIMBIC S\STEM= Yelay info peripruns—> carer) ower = B rwwoms in each pathway, ~ Posterion column- medial lemnisws S Raoprcception - pasion s body mation |S Wiy sensing. Actating fuchsin ~Spinolhalaie. pathnays Loowt. /Iat. Ly iengtses Sr pan ttle, Heh + renal ‘sensations Sfecor ofeoot oy ~Sepals cowerge on Inver mab nevins mene stielake misces ditely = inp Fm: fates local intsncurons > reflex aa scone = Upper motor nwans > curicospinal tacts eteiot werent ~ Basal gAhafia—> muscie tone = centbellum—> etordinetin simon — Potro wee — =ap= one Asociaion artos, pacts of limbic Septem diencephalon Stil marry» centedina ¢ basal pain(0 ea dor te on ~ Let is dominant DOMINANT | NONDomINANT ~~ Nonwesbal enor= Thalamas = rey for sereory ingot “Seal abn fom Ota + basal rucki—> cerebrum ~Hypothalarts = hameastsis = conta of ANS vepitin — pity harnane pedacon = emoonal «behav patos = eating 4 drinking = circadian thypln + tonscinsress -Pineal Gland :-Secrete enlatoniny ~ Soperior cilicli hacking visual final = Inferior calcul ~ anda inp + tore velex —NHike onrar oF grey + white mater = Retiosos Aetibatic eri aking Sym i) sce —priets to cerebral coves > nevintain conscidisness = deachialed whan slepin, Connect LR certbetum ~ nuclei hots (oscending + dtsconding) | mvtor relays fom cerebom —» cere ,espivation, envy, Ma crue ile maler exer HW pina cord + ier oF brain id ps = nwckei : -covdiovasodlar cender = vhugthmithy avea= “Weeide while maior + ruc = altoched to ban stm by cerebelarpedimces eee aa wi roby - cordinales comples activity oaatyton ~ poste + balance ~ skilled motor acdivihyBL00D SUPPEN-BRAN | Sintncatog ~ inka oka aries + Yo bs nbvies = dl sites nse joer ein ae 1-Vertebral artery Poss Posterior inferior cerebelar io sping 2—AICA (anterior infor cevebeta ofa) 3~Basilar artery 4~ Superior cerebellar artery 5 — Posterior cerebral artery 6 Posterior communicating artery ‘7= Middle cerebral artery B-ICA 9-Opthalmic artery 10—Anterior cerebral artery 11 — Anterior communicating artery 12—Hypothalamic artery 13 — Anterior choroidal artery