ANALISA PEMILIHAN BAHAN

DAN PROSES KOMPONEN

CYLINDER HEAD VESPA

KELOMPOK 3
LAIZSA 2613131029
HERDA FAUJI G 2613131059
AMRANSYAH 2613131101
FAZRI NUROKHMAN 2613141016

JURUSAN TEKNIK METALURGI, FAKULTAS TEKNIK, UNIVERSITAS JENDERAL ACHMAD YANI – BANDUNG 2017
 OUTLINE
LATAR BELAKANG
METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
PEMILIHAN BAHAN
PEMILIHAN PROSES
DATA KOMPARASI
KESIMPULAN
LATAR BELAKANG
ENGINE TWO STROKES (MOTOR BAKAR 2 LANGKAH)
Motor bakar dua langkah adalah Mesin pembakaran dalam yang dalam satu siklus pembakaran
akan mengalami dua langkah piston, meskipun keempat proses intake, kompresi, tenaga dan
pembuangan juga terjadi.
 CYLINDER HEAD
Cylinder Head adalah salah satu komponen utama
dalam mesin two stroke. Cylinder Head merupakan
komponen teratas mesin setelah silinder blok,
crankcase, dan carter. Kepala silinder memiliki dua
fungsi yakni sebagai penutup rongga silinder dan
sebagai tempat terjadinya pembakaran. Secara
teori, pembakaran mesin memang terjadi pada
ruang bakar, tapi posisi ruang bakar ini ada di kepala
silinder. Sehingga bisa dikatakan bahwa kepala
silinder merupakan komponen terjadinya
pembakaran mesin.

Source : https://www.lambretta-teile.de/Cylinder-head-PIAGGIO-Vespa-PX-150-
Sprint-150
PRINSIP KERJA MESIN 2 TAK
TECHNICAL DRAWING
Produk : Cylinder Head 2 Stroke
Tipe : Vespa PS 150cc
Kode Produk : 150-SU 990126 1A
Produksi : Piaggio (Italia)
Harga : 39,00 €
(https://www.lambretta-teile.de/)
Temperatur Operasi : 2000C - 3000C

Source : Richard Trevino https://id.pinterest.com/pin/417216352950521989/

METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
Pemilihan Komponen

Studi Pendahuluan

Pengumpulan Data

Pengujian Kekerasan
Pengujian Spektrometri Pengujian Metalografi
Brinell

Pengolahan Data

Analisa

Kesimpulan
KRITERIA PEMILIHAN
Pemilihan Bahan Pemilihan Proses

1. Thermal Resistance 1. Dimensional Tolerance

2. Thermal Conductivity 2. Surface Finish

3. Cast Ability 3. Complexity of Design

4. Fatigue Strength 4. Casting Rate

5. Corrosion Resistance 5. Tool Cost

6. Thermal Shock Resistance

7. Lightweight
PEMILIHAN BAHAN Tabel Go-No-Go

Relative Rating Number - R

Material Go-No-Go
(=rating number x weighting factor)
SR Sr SR/r

Thermal Corrosion
Cast Ability Lightweight
Thermal Conductivity Resistance
Resistance
(5) (4) (4) (4) 17

Baja S 2x5 3x4 2x4 2x4 37 17 2,23

Aluminium S 5x5 4x4 5x4 5x4 81 17 4,76
Besi Cor S 3x5 3x4 3x4 2x4 44 17 2,75

Excellent : 5 Thermal Conductivity :5

Go-No-Go Property : Very good : 4 Cast Ability :4
[Thermal Resistance] Good : 3 Lightweight :4
S : Satisfactory Fair : 2
Corrosion Resistance :4
U: Unsatisfactory Poor : 1
 Seri 5xx
(Al-Mg)
Seri 7xx
Seri 4xx
(Al-Zn-
(Al-Si)
Mg)

Aluminium
The Aluminum Association (AA) Casting
Association
Seri 3xx Alloy
Seri 8xx Casting Designation System
(Al-Si-
(Al-Sn)
Cu/Mg)

Seri 1xx Seri 2xx

(Al-Pure) (Al-Cu)

Source : ASM Metal Handbook Vol. 2, Non

Ferrous Alloy
 Tabel Go-No-Go
Relative Rating Number - R
Material Go-No-Go
(=rating number x weighting factor)
SR Sr SR/r
Thermal Fatigue Corrosion
Thermal Cast Ability
(AA) Conductivity Strength Resistance
Resistance
(5) (4) (4) (3) 16
Al seri 1xx S 4x5 2x4 1x4 5x3 47 16 2,93
Al seri 2xx S 4x5 2x4 5x4 2x3 54 16 3,37
Al seri 3xx S 4x5 4x4 5x4 2x3 62 16 3,87
Al seri 4xx S 4x5 5x4 3x4 3x3 61 16 3,81
Al seri 5xx S 4x5 3x4 3x4 4x3 56 16 3,5
Al seri 7xx S 4x5 1x4 3x4 4x3 48 16 3,00
Al seri 8xx S 4x5 3x4 2x4 3x3 49 16 3,06

Go-No-Go Property : Excellent : 5 Thermal Conductivity : 5

Very good : 4 Cast Ability : 4
[Thermal Resistance]
Good : 3 Fatigue Strength : 4
S : Satisfactory Fair : 2
U: Unsatisfactory Corrosion Ressistance : 3
Poor : 1
 Aluminum alloys for die casting according to the U.S. Standards(AA),
EN AC- German Standards (DIN-EN) dan Japan Standards (JIS).
42000
Aluminum Europe Standards (DIN) JIS STANDARD
(A356) Association
(AA)
EN AC- EN AC- 308 EN AC-45000 (AlSi6Cu4)
48000 44400 336 EN AC-48000 (AlSi12CuNiMg)
(336) (359)
Seri 3xx A356 EN AC-42000 (AlSi7Mg)
(Al-Si-Cu/Mg) 359 EN AC-44400 (AlSi9Mg)
383 EN AC-46000 (AlSi9Cu3(Fe)) ADC12

*Remark: These alloys are similar due to their chemical

EN AC- EN AC- composition. From this you cannot conclude that they are
46000 45000 comparable regarding rigidity, yield stress,
(308) fracture toughness or corrosion resistance. This has to be
(383) checked separately for each alloy

Source : G.W.P. Manufacturing Services AG www.gwp-ag.com/m_804

 Tabel Go-No-Go
Relative Rating Number - R
Material Go-No-Go
(=rating number x weighting factor)
SR Sr SR/r
Thermal
Thermal Fatigue
Cast Ability Shock
Thermal Conductivity Strength
DIN EN 1706 Resistance
Resistance
(5) (4) (4) (3) 16

EN AC-42000 S 5x5 3x4 3x4 3x3 53 16 3,31

EN AC-44400 S 4x5 4x4 4x4 4x3 64 16 4,00
EN AC-45000 S 3x5 3x4 3x4 3x3 48 16 3,00
EN AC-46000 S 3x5 4x4 5x4 5x3 66 16 4,12
EN AC-48000 (T5) S 4x5 3x4 4x4 5x3 63 16 3,93

Temper designation: Go-No-Go Property : Excellent : 5 Thermal Conductivity : 5

[Thermal Resistance] Very good : 4 Cast Ability : 4
F (as cast) Good : 3
S : Satisfactory Fatigue Strength : 4
Fair : 2
U: Unsatisfactory Thermal Shock Resistance : 4
Poor : 1
PEMILIHAN PROSES Tabel Go-No-Go
Relative Rating Number - R
Process Go-No-Go SR Sr SR/r
(=rating number x weighting factor)

Compactibility
Complexity Surface Dimensional Casting
Casting For Tool Cost
Of Design Finish Tolerance Rate
Aluminium

(5) (4) (4) (4) (4) 21

Sand Casting S 2x5 2x4 2x4 2x4 5x4 49 21 2,57
Investment
S 5x5 4x4 4x4 3x4 3x4 81 21 3,85
Casting
Die Casting S 4x5 5x4 5x4 5x4 2x4 86 21 4,19

Go-No-Go Property : Excellent : 5 Complexity Of Design :5

[Compactibility Casting For Aluminium] Very good : 4 Surface Finish :4
S : Satisfactory Good : 3 Dimensional Tolerance :4
Fair : 2 Casting Rate :4
U: Unsatisfactory
Poor : 1 Tool Cost :4
PROSES MANUFAKTUR
Melting and
Product Design Pouring
Die Cast Process
Machining

Raw Material

Finish Product Quality Control

DATA KOMPARASI
PENGUJIAN SPEKTOMETRI
PENGUJIAN KEKERASAN
STRUKTUR MIKRO (METALOGRAFI)
KOMPOSISI KIMIA (UJI SPEKTROMETRI)
Data Hasil Pengujian Spektrometri Komposisi Kimia Menurut DIN EN 1706
Elements Mass (%) EN AC- EN AC- EN AC- EN AC- EN AC- *ADC12
42000 44400 45000 46000 48000
Elements
Si 11,223 Mass (%) Mass (%) Mass (%) Mass (%) Mass (%) Mass (%)

Si 6,5 – 7,5 8,00– 11,0 5,0 – 7,0 8,0 – 11,0 10,5 – 13,5 9,6 - 12,0
Fe 1,239
Fe 0,55 0,65 1,0 1,3 0,7 0,9
Cu 2,356
Cu 0,20 0,10 3,0 – 5,0 2,0 – 4,0 0,8 – 1,5 1,5 – 3,5
Mn 0,211
Mn 0,35 0,50 0,65 0,55 0,35 0,5
Mg 0,288
Mg 0,20–0,65 0,10 0,55 0,05–0,55 0,8 – 1,5 0,3
Ni 0,086
Ni 0,15 0,05 0,15 0,55 0,7 – 1,3 0,5

Zn 1,282 Zn 0,15 0,15 2,0 1,2 0,35 1,0

Al Balance Al Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance

Source : DIN - EN – 1706, Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys-Castings

PENGUJIAN KEKERASAN
Pengujian Ke Hardness Brinell Number Rata-rata
1 90 Pengujian : Brinell
Metode : Indentasi
2 91 Jenis Indentor : Bola Baja
Dia Indentor : 5 mm
3 94 92,2 HBN Beban : 250 Kg
Waktu Penekanan : 10 detik
4 91 Standar : ASTM E10

5 95

Material Brinell Hardness (min) Brinell Hardness

EN AC-42000 (AlSi7Mg) 55 59
EN AC-44400 (AlSi9Mg) 55 61
EN AC-45000 (AlSi6Cu4) 75 77
EN AC-46000 (AlSi9Cu3(Fe)) 80 91
EN AC-48000 (AlSi12CuNiMg) 90 100
Source: https://www.makeitfrom.com/material-group/Euronorm-
Source : DIN - EN – 1706, Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys-Castings. EN-Cast-Aluminum
STRUKTUR MIKRO (METALOGRAFI)

HASIL REFERENSI

Eutectic Silicon

Sludge

Source : ASM Metal Handbook vol Source : Evolution of the semi-solid

7 8th edition Hal: 262 no: 2159 microstructure of ADC12 alloy in a
modified SIMA process.
Aluminium Matrix
CuAl2
Hydrofluoric Acid Reagent 0,5% 500x
Al 380 (AlSi8Cu3) Al 308 (AlSi6Cu4) Al 359 (AlSi9Mg)

Al A356 (AlSi7Mg) Hasil Metalografi Al 336 (AlSi12CuNiMg)

PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
MATERIAL
EN AC-42000 EN AC-44400 EN AC-45000 EN AC-46000 EN AC-48000
PROPERTIES
ULTIMATE STRESS STRENGTH (MPA) 170 220 170 240 200
TENSILE YIELD STRENGTH (MPA) 90 120 100 140 185

HARDNESS (HB) 55 55 75 80 90

FATIGUE STRENGTH (MPA) 67 79 75 110 86

DENSITY (gr/cm3°) 2,6 2,6 3,0 2,8 2,7

CASTING METHODE SC, PM DC SC, PM DC PM

MELTING POINT (LIQUIDUS) (°C) 610 600 640 620 600

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (W/m-K) 150-170 130-150 110-120 110-120 130-160

THERMAL EXPANSION (µm/m-K) 22 21 22 21 21

SPESIFIC HEAT ( J/kg-K) 900 900 870 880 890

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY (%IACS) 38 33 27 26 33

THERMAL SHOCK RESISTANCE 7,9 9,8 8,0 12 10

STRENGTH AT ELEVATED TO
C C A B A
TEMPERATURE 200°C
Sc: Sand Casting, PM: Permanent Mold, DC: Die Casting

Source :
1. DIN - EN – 1706, Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys-Castings.
2. https://www.makeitfrom.com/material-group/Euronorm-EN-Cast-Aluminum
KESIMPULAN
Cylinder Head merupakan komponen utama mesin two stroke yang fungsinya sebagai tempat pembakaran
1 dan penutup rongga silinder.

Berdasarkan kriteria bahan yang dibutuhkan, maka pemilihan bahan yang tepat untuk komponen Cylinder
2
Head adalah material Aluminium seri 3xx (383/EN AC-46000/ADC12)

3 Pemilihan proses manufaktur yang sesuai dengan kriteria adalah proses Die Casting

4 Pengujian yang dilakukan adalah pengujian spektrometri, kekerasan Brinell dan struktur mikro (metalografi).
TERIMA KASIH