MIG Metal Inert Gas 2D Two Dimensional 3D Three Dimensional HAZ Heat Affected Zone SS Stainless Steel PWHT Post Welding Heat Treatment RSM Response Surface Methodology m Membrane stress b Bending Stress ANOVA Analysis of Variance DOF Degree of Freedom SEM Scanning Electron Microscope CMM Coordinate Measuring Machine OA Orthogonal Array AC Alternative Current DC Direct Current GTAW Gas Tungsten Arc Welding SMAW Submerged Metal Arc Welding DCEP Direct Current Electrode Positive DCEN Direct Current Electrode Negative CAV Constant Arc Voltage RAV Rising Arc Voltage HR Rockwell Hardness S/N Signal to Noise SST Total sum of square deviation SSF Sum of square deviation of factor FEM Finite Element Method