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A View from Tondo, Manila
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It’s been getting hot….
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Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) is a major evaluation of the human impact
on the environment, called for by the United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan in
2000
SCIENCE –
OUR WEAPON AGAINST
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
SCIENCE
• Agham, Siyensiya
• Pure Science
• Basic Science
• Applied Science
• Technology (Science Applied)
• Engineering
• Hard Science, Soft Science
• Natural Science, Social Science
SCIENCE OR BEYOND?
• Mathematics? Yes . . .
• Philosophy? Beyond . . .
• Non-Science
• Pseudo-Science
SCIENCE AND TRUTH
???
NATURE/UNIVERSE WORLD VIEW MODEL
Observations
Patterns
Questions
Hypothesis
SCIENCE PROCESS THEORY MODEL
Consistent
Experimentation
SCIENCE NON-SCIENCE
• Searches for truth & aims to • Searches for truth & aims to
understand the natural world understand the natural world
& beyond
• Does not deal with the • Explains & accepts
supernatural phenomena supernatural phenomena
• Can not provide complete • Has answers to all questions
answers to all questions
• Provides explanations about • Provides explanations about
the natural world without the natural world by invoking
invoking supernatural supernatural beings &/or
causes relying on divine intervention
• Demands concrete evidence • Contented with evidence
that can be seen or seen or experienced by a
experienced by others “gifted” or selected few
SCIENCE NON-SCIENCE
• Uses our senses & devices • Uses our senses but also
that extends the capabilities extrasensory capabilities of
of these senses in its “gifted” individuals
investigations
• Hypotheses are falsifiable • Hypotheses are not
falsifiable
• Claims are verifiable by • Claims are difficult to verify
others
• Nothing is absolute; theories • Absolute & dogmatic; the
may be modified or replaced word can not be changed or
questioned
• Encourages skepticism and • Distances from criticism;
critical thought prefers obedience and
submission to authority
SCIENCE VS. NON-SCIENCE
• Open to new ideas & willing • New ideas are frowned upon
to replace long-held theories especially when they do not
with new ones that better fit the founding document,
explains facts about the law or belief system
natural world
• Physics • Metaphysics
• Astronomy • Astrology
• Psychology • Parapsychology
• Palmology • Palmistry
• Geology • Geomancy
• Chiropterology • Chiromancy
• Cosmology • Cosmetology
SCIENCE VS. NON-SCIENCE:
DON’T GET CONFUSED . . .
astronomy astrology
SCIENCE VS. NON-SCIENCE:
DON’T GET CONFUSED . . .
geomancy geology
SCIENCE VS. NON-SCIENCE:
DON’T GET CONFUSED . . .
palmistry palmology
SCIENCE VS. NON-SCIENCE:
DON’T GET CONFUSED . . .
cosmology cosmetology
26 JANUARY 2017
CONSISTENT NATURAL
OBSERVABLE TENTATIVE
PREDICTABLE TESTABLE
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experiment.jpeg
SIX CRITERIA OF SCIENCE…CONPTT
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experiment.jpeg
CONSISTENCY :THE RESULTS OF
OBSERVATIONS AND/OR EXPERIMENTS ARE
REASONABLY THE SAME WHEN PERFORMED
AND REPEATED.
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TENTATIVENESS : SCIENTIFIC THEORIES ARE
SUBJECT TO REVISION AND CORRECTION,
EVEN TO THE POINT OF THE THEORY BEING
PROVEN WRONG. SCIENTIFIC THEORIES HAVE
BEEN MODIFIED AND WILL CONTINUE TO BE
MODIFIED
1. The number of human chromosomes was once "known" to be 48, but is now
considered to be 46.
2. We know that the world began about 6000 years ago, and nothing will change that.
TESTABILITY :THE EVENT MUST BE
TESTABLE THROUGH THE PROCESSES OF
SCIENCE, AND CONTROLLED
EXPERIMENTATION.
1. The Bermuda Triangle causes ships and planes to sink and disappear.
2. Dogs are more social than cats.
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
• What is it?
• An objective and logical process by which we ask
questions and find answers
Format: “If……then…..because…..”
• Example: IF we increase the
temperature of the water THEN the
breathing rate of the fish will increase
BECAUSE breathing rate is dependent
upon temperature
Steps 2-5: Create experiment to
test hypothesis