See

discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266459283

Isolation and identification of polysaccharide

from six types of seaweed by using Fourier
Transform Infra Red (FTIR) Spectrometer

Article

CITATIONS READS

0 55

1 author:

Mira Andam Dewi

Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani
3 PUBLICATIONS 1 CITATION

SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Mira Andam Dewi on 15 March 2015.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 M. A. Dewi Proceeding of The International Seminar on Chemistry 2008 (pp. 507-509)
ISBN 978-979-18962-0-7 Jatinangor, 30-31 October 2008

Isolation and identification of polysaccharide from six types of seaweed by

using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) Spectrometer

Mira Andam Dewi

Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Science,
University of Jenderal Achmad Yani
e-mail: miranoezar@yahoo.com

Abstract

The six type of seaweed what spread over in territorial water of Karang Papak Beach, Garut had been
identified. They’re is Agardhiella tenera (J.Agardh) Schmitz and Gracilaria coronopifolia J.Agardh
from class of Rhodophyceae (red algae), Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh and Turbinaria conoides
(J.Agardh) Kuetzing from class of Phaeophyceae (brown algae), Ulva japonica (Holmes) Papenfus
and Chaetomorpha crassa (Ag.) Kuetzing from class of Chlorophyceae (green algae). The result of an
extractions indicate that content of polysaccharide of the Agardhiella tenera (J.Agardh) Schmitz,
Gracilaria coronopifolia (J.Agardh), Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh, Turbinaria conoides
(J.Agardh) Kuetzing successively is 0.42%, 0.41%, 0.65%, 0.53%, 1.40%. The result of identification
by using the fourier transform infra red (FTIR) spectrometer was obtained function groups, that were
ester sulphate, galactose, and 3,6-anhydrogalactose.

Keywords: Seaweed, fourier transform infra red spectrometer, polysaccharide, identification

Introduction tenera (J.Agardh) Schmitz and Gracilaria

Indonesian seaweeds are need to known as exporting
commodity. Types of seaweeds that exported from
Indonesia is producer raw material polisaccharide
algal. This types is exploited by importing country.
Most of types were exported, that is Eucheuma sp.,
Gracilaria sp., Gelidium sp., and Sargassum sp.
Existence of seaweeds in Indonesia besides grow in
nature also cultivated in some area of country, for
example Eucheuma sp have cultivated in Bali, South
Sulawesi and South East Sulawesi. Gracilaria sp have
cultivated in South Sulawesi.
Seaweeds constitute the main raw materials used
for the production of agar, alginate, and, at present,
most of the carrageenan production is from farmed
species of Eucheuma and Kappaphycus (Stanley,
1987; Armisen & Galatas, 1987). The alginate, agar
and carrageenan, are three of the major hydrocolloids
used as texturing agents for food and non-food
applications. The peculiar gelling and thickening
properties of these polysaccharides are related to their
chemistry and, in the last decade or so, developments
in chemical, physico-chemical and physical methods
and techniques have appeared and permit improved
fine structural characterization of these polymers.
The basic chemistry of agarcolloids and
carrageenans from different seaweeds has been the
subject of several recent reviews (Craigie, 1990;
Lahaye & Rochas, 1991; Murano, 1995; Usov, 1998;
Cosson et al., 1995). There is only a little article that
gave chemical information of Indonesian seaweeds.
Therefore, in this study we have identified six
Indonesian seaweeds polysaccharyde from Karang
Papak Beach, Garut, Indonesia, that are Agardhiella
coronopifolia J.Agardh from class of Rhodophyceae
(red algae), Sargassum polycystum C., Agardhiella
tenera and Turbinaria conoides (J.Agardh) Kuetzing
from class of Phaeophyceae (brown algae), Ulva
japonica (Holmes) Papenfus and Chaetomorpha
crassa (Ag.) Kuetzing from class of Chlorophyceae
(green algae) by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR)
spectrometry method.
Materials and Methods
Material
Agardhiella tenera (J.Agardh) Schmitz and
Gracilaria coronopifolia J.Agardh from class of
Rhodophyceae (red algae), Sargassum polycystum C.
Agardh and Turbinaria conoides (J.Agardh) Kuetzing
from class of Phaeophyceae (brown algae), Ulva
japonica (Holmes) Papenfus and Chaetomorpha
crassa (Ag.) Kuetzing from class of Chlorophyceae
(green algae) was obtained from Karang Kapak
Beach, Garut, Indonesia, isopropyl alcohol, potassium
bromide, and water
Apparatus and software
Fourier Transform Infra Red spectrometer (Shimadzu
FTIR-8400), oven (Memmert), furnace (Naberthem-
Germany), and laboratory glasses ware.
Method

507
 M. A. Dewi Proceeding of The International Seminar on Chemistry 2008 (pp. 507-509)
Jatinangor, 30-31 October 2008

Isolation of polysaccharides from seaweeds Identification results by FTIR found ester-

These polysaccharides are extracted from 50 g dried
algae by 500-800 ml water that heated at 90ºC for
13.5 hours. After filtration, filtrate was precipitated by
isopropyl alcohol 10%. Precipitated was dried and
ground for some identifications.
Determination of polysaccharide content
Dried polysaccharide that obtained from extraction
was weighted and calculated to seaweeds raw material
that used.
sulphate group(848.6 cm-1), galaktose (929,6 cm-1)
and 3,6 – anhydrogalaktose (1238,2 – 1253,6 cm-1).
Where anticipation that can be taken away from the
three of groups were constituent of polysaccharide
from type of carragenan, that is iota carragenan. IR-
spectrums of polysaccharide from seaweeds were
presented in Figure 1.

Identification of polysaccharide seaweeds by FTIR

spectrometer
One mg of dried polysaccarides were weighted and
mixed with ± 10 – 100 mg potassium bromide (KBr).
The mixture was made pellet and identifyed with
FTIR spectrometer.

Results and Discussion

The six seaweeds that extracted have shown various
of polysccharide content. Highest Content as high as
1,404 % b/b existed on Chaetomorpha crassa have
the higehest polysaccharide content, that is 1.40% and
Sargassum polycystum have the lowest
polysaccharide content, that is 0.41%. These
polysaccaride contentl can be improved by modified
extraction method. Seaweeds that extracted have
potency as sources of polysacchride. All results of
polysaccharide content in six seaweeds were
presented in Table 1.

Table 1 Polysaccharide content of six seaweeds

No. Type of Seaweeds Polysaccharide

content
(% b/b)
1. Green seaweeds:
a. Chaetomorpha crassa 1.40 %
(Ag.) Kuetzing 0.53 %
b. Ulva japonica
2. (Holmes) Papenfus
0.41 %
Brown seaweeds:
a. Sargassum 0.65 %
polycystum C.
3. Agardh
b. Turbinaria conoides 1.0 %
(J.Agardh) Kuetzing 0.41 %

Red seaweeds: Figure 1 IR spectrums of polysaccharides from

a. Gracilaria Chaetomorpha crassa (A), Ulva japonica
coronopifolia (B), Agardhiella tenera (C), Gracilaria
J.Agardh coronopifolia (D), Sargassum polycystum
b. Agardhiella tenera (E), and Turbinaria conoide (F)
(J.Agardh) Schmits

508
 M. A. Dewi
Conclusions
The result of an extractions indicate that content of
polysaccharide of the Agardhiella tenera (J.Agardh)
Schmitz, Gracilaria coronopifolia (J.Agardh),
Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh, Turbinaria
conoides (J.Agardh) Kuetzing successively were
0.42%, 0.41%, 0.65%, 0.53%, 1.40%. Identification
polysaccharide of six Indonesian seaweeds by using
Spectrophotometer of Fourier Transformation Infra-
Red (FTIR) showed existence of function groups, that
were: sulphate ester, galactose, and 3,6-
anhydrogalactose.
References
Armisen R, Galatas F. 1987. Production and uses of
agar. In McHugh DJ (ed.), Production and
Utilization of Products from Commercial
Seaweeds. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 288: 1–57.
509
View publication stats
Proceeding of The International Seminar on Chemistry 2008 (pp. 507-509)
Jatinangor, 30-31 October 2008
Cosson J, Deslandes E, Zinoun M, Mouradi-
Givernaud A. 1995. Carrageenans and agars, red
algal polysaccharides. Progr. Phycol. Res. 11:
269–324.
Craigie J.S. 1990. Cell walls. In Cole KM, Sheath RG
(eds), Biology of the Red Algae. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 221–257
Lahaye M, Rochas C. 1991. Chemical structure and
physicochemical properties of agar.
Hydrobiologia, 221: 137–148.
Murano E. 1995. Chemical structure and quality of
agars from Gracilaria. J. appl. Phycol. 7: 245–
254.
Stanley, N.F. 1987. Production, properties and uses
of carrageenan. In McHugh DJ (ed.), Production
and Utilization of Products from Commercial
Seaweeds. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 288: 116–146.
Usov AI. 1998. Structural analysis of red seaweed
galactans of agar and carrageenan groups. Food
Hydrocol. 12: 301–308.