Situation & Effects Of Global Warming In India

And
List Of Measures To Reduce It
PROJECT REPORT
Submitted for the course: Environmental studies

By
Bharath Paladugula 15BBA0005
Sahithi Kantheti 15BBA0012
Tharuna sree Jelli 15BBA0014
Srinija Kummara 15BBA0018
Umar Farooq 15BBA0020
Sravyanjani 15BBA0021
Karthic V 15BBA0024
Syed Hussain 15BBA0025
Dimple S 15BBA0028
Asjad Nihal 15BBA0029

Slot: G1

Name of faculty: K.Thenmozhi

(VIT Business School)

November, 2016
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled “Situation & Effects Of Global Warming In India
And List Of Measures To Reduce It” is being submitted by “Sahithi kantheti (15BBA0012) , Bharath
Paladugula(15BBA005) , Taruna sree jalli(15BBA0014) , Srinija Kummara (15BBA0018) ,
UmarFarooq(15BBA0020) , Sravyanjani (15BBA0021) , Karthic V(15BBA0024) , SyedHussain
(15BBA0025), Asjad Nihal(15BBA0029) , Dimple S(15BBA0028)” for Environmental studies is a
record of bonafide work done under my supervision. The contents of this Project work, in full or in
parts, have neither been taken from any other source nor have been submitted for any other CAL
course.

Place : Vellore

Date : 8 - 11 - 2016

Signature of Students:

Bharath Paladugula(15BBA005) ,

Sahithi kantheti (15BBA0012) ,

Taruna sree jalli(15BBA0014) ,

Srinija Kummara (15BBA0018) ,

UmarFarooq(15BBA0020) ,

Sravyanjani (15BBA0021) ,

Karthic V(15BBA0024) ,

SyedHussain (15BBA0025),

Asjad Nihal(15BBA0029) ,

Dimple S(15BBA0028)

Signature of Faculty: K.Thenmohi

 ABSTRACT

Global warming is defined as the increase of the average temperature on earth. As the earth is
getting hotter disasters like hurricanes, droughts and floods are getting more frequent. Over the last
100 years, the average air temperature near the earth's surface has risen by little less than 1 degree
Celsius. Deforestation increases the severity of global warming. The ocean is a huge carbon sink,
holding about 50 times as much carbon as the atmosphere. The oceans are no longer able to store
carbon as they have in the past. Burning fossil fuels such as natural gas, coal, oil and gasoline raises
the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and carbon dioxide is a major contributor to the
greenhouse effect and global warming. The climate change would increase the number of people
suffering from death, disease and injury from heat waves, floods, storms and droughts. Floods are
low-probability, high-impact events that can overwhelm physical infrastructure and human
communities. Major storm and flood disasters have occurred in the last two decades. One can help
to reduce the demand for fossil fuels, which in turn reduces global warming, by using energy more
wisely.
1. Introduction:
From The Stone Age to the modern era man has come a long way. In his pursuit of comforts of life he
ignored the threat of pollution and environmental degradation caused by industrialization.

Global warming is not new as this process occurs naturally and keeps the Earth’s temperature about 50
degrees. Fahrenheit warmer than it would be otherwise. Without this natural cover, Earth’s surface would be
colder than it is today,, making the planet freezing and devoid off life.

Objectives and goals of the project

 To get Awareness about what is Global Warming
 To know how it effects India
 To know the Role of Humans in Global warming
 To list out the Measure to prevent and Reduce it.

What is GREENHOUSE EFFECT ?

 Gas in the atmosphere, such a water, carbon dioxide, methane, CFCs and nitrous oxide, absorb infrared
light and would otherwise escape to space, radiating it back towards the planet’s surface.

 These gases are called ‘ greenhouse gases’ and they have a critical role in determining the temperature
of the Earth’s surface and the living conditions on the planet.

 This natural process is called the “greenhouse effect”.

Effects of Global Warming

1. Serve Changes in Weather

 Earth’s surface to a new high of 14.57 degree centigrade.

 Rise in temperature was marked by unusually severe weather in many parts of the world.

 The irony of this global warming is that while it could reduce climatic changes by drying up rains.

 It could also raise sea levels with disastrous consequences for islands and low- level coastal areas.

2. Impact on Arctic Ecosystem

 The ecosystem which sustains the livelihood of Arctic residents is melting the ice as temperature
rise.

 The layer of permafrost is melting, causing an inland lake to drain into the ocean and killing fresh
water fish.
3. Kyoto Protocol

 A un- brokered treaty was signed by in 1997 in Kyoto Japan. It was called the Kyoto Protocol.

 It commits the rich countries to binding cut in their emission of greenhouse gases, such as carbon
dioxide.

 The developed countries agreed to cut their emissions by a collective average of 5 percent below
their levels in 1990 by 2008-2012.

 Representative Climate Conference (COPC) in Nov 2000, and discussed about the implementation
of the Kyoto Protocol.

4. Erratic Rain

 People around the world will experience climate changes and the erratic rainfall China to Africa
will jeopardize the lives of many people.

 IT is now nearly a decade since the IPCC accepted that human activates were changing the world’s
climate.

 The most severe warming is seen in the Arctic were the ice pack is shrinking, and thinning,
according to the US experts.

5. More storms, foods, droughts, submergence of islands

 Scientists have warned that a warmer world will mean more storms, floods, droughts, and
snowfalls.

 The countries that have to suffer most if the Hague talks fail are the small countries.

 Islands in danger of being submerged, from the Pacific to the Caribbean are panicky.

 The lives of million people will be affected by these negotiations.

6. Ozone Getting Depleted

 Pollution from transport is the fastest growing source of carbon dioxide emissions since the
industrial revolutions

 Carbon emission levels responsible for 70 percent of global warming vary widely among nations.

 Due to these emissions the ozone layer that provides a protective shield over the Earth from the
harmful ultravoilent radiation is getting depleted.

 Another greenhouse gas, methane, has more than doubled.

2.Explanation
Major Climate Change

 If we do not act to reduce the emission of these heat- trapping gases, it is predicted that global
temperature could rise 2 degree to 6degree Fahrenheit in the next 100 yrs. Just a few degree difference
in the global average temperature can mean a major climate change.

 The amt o greenhouse gases that are released could be controlled through prudent planning and
implementation of environmental priorities. Man has to act now to insure against the risk of destructive
future warming by reducing the greenhouse gas emissions.

Reason why we selected this topic

Since everyone are experiencing global warming which is becoming a big problem of climatic
conditions and matter of innocent lives , we should have some awareness about what is it and what is
happening around us due to it, how to reduce it and how to prevent it.

Global warming from 1880 to 2015

 Earth’s 2015 temperatures were the warmest since modern record keeping began in 1880, according to
independent analyses by NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

 Globally-averaged temperatures in 2015 shattered the previous mark set in 2014 by 0.23 degrees
Fahrenheit (0.13 Celsius). Only once before, in 1998, has the new record been greater than the old
record by this much.

Climate change: How do we know?

This graph, based on the comparison of atmospheric samples contained in ice cores and more recent direct
measurements, provides evidence that atmospheric CO2 has increased since the Industrial Revolution(1840’s)
Scientific evidence for warming of the climate system
1) Sea level rise

 Global sea level rose about 17 centimetres (6.7 inches) in the last century. The rate in the last decade,
however, is nearly double that of the last century.

 Sea level rise is caused primarily by two factors related to global warming: the added water from
melting land ice and the expansion of sea water as it warms. The first chart tracks the change in sea level
since 1993 as observed by satellites.

 The second chart, derived from coastal tide gauge data, shows how much sea level changed from about
1870 to 2000.

Earth’s vital signs: Sea Level

LATEST MEASUREMENT:

July 2016

84.8 mm

RATE OF CHANGE

3.4 Mill meters per year

2) Global surface temperature rise

All three major global surface temperature reconstructions show that Earth has warmed since
1880. Most of this warming has occurred since the 1970s, with the 20 warmest years having occurred
since 1981 and with all 10 of the warmest years occurring in the past 12 years. Even though the 2000s
witnessed a solar output decline resulting in an unusually deep solar minimum in 2007-2009, surface
temperatures continue to increase.

Change in global surface temperature 1951-1980 average temperatures

 This graph illustrates the change in global surface temperature relative to 1951-1980 average
temperatures. The 10 warmest years in the 134-year record all have occurred since 2000, with the
exception of 1998. The year 2015 ranks as the warmest on record.

TIME SERIES: 1884 TO 2015

The time series below shows the five-year average variation of global surface temperatures from 1884 to
2015. Dark blue indicates areas cooler than average. Dark red indicates areas warmer than average.

3) Shrinking Ice Sheets

 The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have decreased in mass. Data from NASA's Gravity Recovery
and Climate Experiment show Greenland lost 150 to 250 cubic kilometres (36 to 60 cubic miles) of ice
per year between 2002 and 2006, while Antarctica lost about 152 cubic kilometres (36 cubic miles) of
ice between 2002 and 2005.

 Massive decrease of Ice sheets in In 4 places

 Glaciers  Arctic

 Green land  Antarctic

Glaciers

 Glaciers :- Ice that took centuries to develop can vanish in just a few years. A glacier doesn't melt slowly
and steadily like an ice cube on a table.

 Widespread loss of glaciers would likely alter climate patterns in complex ways.

 Glaciers have white surfaces that reflect the sun's rays. This helps keep our current climate mild. When
glaciers melt, darker surfaces are exposed, which absorb heat.

Green land’s Ice sheets

• Greenland's ice sheet has an area of 1.7 million square Km, an average thickness of 2.3 Km(1.4 miles),
and holds 7 percent of the world's freshwater.

• Glaciers on Greenland's coast move ice from the interior of the island to the North Atlantic, where they
break off as icebergs and eventually melt into the ocean.
 • Since 2000, Greenland has lost some 739 billion tons of ice If Greenland completely, global sea level
would increase by up to 7 mt (23 feet).

Arctic Ice sheets

• Sea ice forms from frozen seawater. During the winter, the area of the Arctic Ocean that is covered by
sea ice increases and during the summer the area covered decreases.

• Over at least the past 30 years, the area covered by Arctic sea ice has declined dramatically, with the
most extreme decline seen in the summer melt season.

• Arctic sea ice is important because it reflects sunlight, keeping the polar regions cool and thereby
moderating global climate.

Antarctic Ice Shelves

• 44%of Antarctica's coastline is made up of thick slabs of ice attached to the shore, and extending out
over the ocean.

• Ice shelves range in thickness from about 200-2,500 mt (656-8,202 feet), and can persist for thousands
of years.

• At their seaward edge, ice shelves periodically calve Icebergs.

 • Because they are exposed to both warming air above and warming ocean below, ice shelves respond
more quickly than ice sheets or glaciers to rising temperatures.

• According to several studies, ice shelves are thinning at a faster rate because of warmer ocean water.

4) Decreased snow cover

 Satellite observations reveal that the amount of spring snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere has
decreased over the past five decades and that the snow is melting earlier.

Climate of India

 India exhibits a wide diversity of temperatures.

 The Himalayas participate in warming by preventing the cold winds from blowing in, and the Thar
desert attracts the summer monsoon winds, which are responsible for making the majority of the
monsoon season of India.

 However, the majority of the regions can be considered climatically tropical.

 The climate of India is dominated by the monsoon season, which is the most important season of India,
providing 80% of the annual rainfall.

 The season extends from June to September with an average annual rainfall between 750–1,500 mm
across the region. The monsoon of India is regarded as the most productive wet season on the earth.

Impacts of global warming on climate of India

 According to surveys, in the year 2007-2008, India ranked the third highest in the world regarding the
number of significant disasters, with 18 such events in one year, resulting in the death of 1103 people
due to these catastrophes.

 According to the The Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, if the process of global warming
continues to increase, resulting climatic disasters would cause a decrease in India’s GDP to decline by
about 9%, with a decrease by 40% of the production of the major crops. A temperature increase of 2° C
in India is projected to displace seven million people, with a submersion of the major cities of India like
Mumbai and Chennai.
Recent climatic disasters in India due to global warming

Floods in India

 1987 Bihar Flood : The flood of 1987 in Bihar was so destructive that it left a total of 1400 people and
more than 5000 animal dead. A total of 67,881+680.86 lac INR was the damage to the state; affecting
more than 29 million people. After this flood, the River Koshi has been named as ‘‘Sorrow of Bihar”
(Bihar kashok).

 2008 Bihar floods: The 2008 Bihar floods are considered as one of the most disastrous floods in the
state’s history. The flood affected more than 2 million people. The flooded and affected areas were
Supaul, Araria, Madhepura, Saharsa, Champaran and Purnea.

 2005: Maharashtra flood: In 2005, a major climatic catastrophe occurred in the state of Maharashtra in
the form of massive floorings, leading to a death toll of 5000 people. The areas of Mumbai, Chiplun,
Khed, Kalyan, Ratnagiri and Raigad were completely flooded, hence naming the date 26 July 2005 as
the BLACK DAY in the history of Mumbai.

 2005: Gujarat Floods: The wave of floods in Maharashtra reached the state of Gujarat as well,
accounting for one of the worst floods in the Indian History as it caused a financial loss of more than
Rs.800 million. This disaster took place in a row of days from 30th June to July 11, killing more than
123 people and a total of 250k people were evacuated. Infrastructure of the state also suffered badly as
train services, Road Operations and communications were destroyed.

Droughts

 Droughts Of the total agricultural land in India, about 68% is prone to drought of which 33% is
chronically drought prone, receiving rainfall of less than 750mm per year.

 This is particularly the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and
Orissa. The World Record for Drought was in 2000 in Rajasthan, India.

 According to researches, unabated global warming will lead to exacerbation of the droughts, cutting
down the water availability in the plains of Pradesh and Bihar.

 India’s initial National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention (UNFCCC)
on Climate Change projects that Luni; the west flowing rivers of Kutchh and Saurashtra are likely to
experience acute physical water scarcity.

 The river basins of Mahi, Pennar, Sabarmati and Tapi are also likely to experience constant water
scarcities and shortages.

 The Indian economy is considered as one of the fastest growing major economies.

 However, the country is plagued by climatic disasters that continue to wreak havoc on its economy.

 As a result, majority of the people of India continue to live in poverty, with malnutrition and diseases
corroding the society.

 In this light, a comprehensive mitigation and adaptation plan needs to be drafted and implemented for
better preparation and response to such climate disasters that are generated as a result of global warming
3. Discussion
Measures that should to be taken by each Individual To Reduce and Prevent
Global Warming
1. Replace Regular Incandescent Light bulb
2. Drive Less or Carpool
3. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
4. Go Solar
5. Buy Energy-Efficient Appliances
6. Reduce Waste
7. Use Less Hot Water
8. Avoid Products With Lot of Packaging
9. Install a Programmable Thermostat
10. Turn Off the Lights
11. Turn off Electronic Devices
12. Plant a Tree
13. Use Clean Fuel
14. Look for Renewable Fuel Options
15. Save Energy
16. Replace Filters on Air Conditioner and
Furnace
17. Go Green
18. Tune Your Car Regularly
19. Download Earth Saving Apps
20. Conserve Water
21. Stop Idling Your Car
22. Eat Less Hamburger
23. Use Clothesline to Dry Your Clothes
24. Eat Naturally
25. Ride Your Bike
26. Use a Kitchen Cloth Instead of Paper
Towels
27. Reuse Towels
28. Check Your Tires
29. Take Lunch in a Tupperware
30. Wrap your water heater in insulation
31. Get Home Energy Audit Done
32. Become Part of the Global Warming
Community
33. Actually celebrate Arbor Day and Earth day
34. Become Aware of Your Contribution
35. Spread the Awareness
36. Power your home with renewable energy.
37. Weatherize, weatherize, weatherize.
38. Invest in energy-efficient appliances.
39. Actually eat the food you buy—and make
less of it meat.
40. Drive a fuel-efficient vehicle.
41. Rethink planes, trains, and automobiles.
42. Shrink your carbon profile.
Measures that should to be taken by Government To Reduce and Prevent Global
Warming

1. Individual Awareness in India About Global Warming:

 Each and every Indian should be informed about the disastrous consequences of the growing global
warming so that they realize the need of the hour.
 General awareness advertisements should be given on televisions and transmitters about how we can
reduce the rising global warming in India as well as in the world.
 The idea is that the information should reach the masses because global warming is not a concept that
can be done away with money or any super power; instead it requires each and every individual's
awareness.

2. Implementation of Tall and Filtered Chimneys of Factories in India to Reduce Global Warming:

 India has thousands of factories adding bulk of smoke in the air every day. Though the govt. has set
some standards to these factories but we hardly see factories abiding these rules.
 Indian govt. needs to be stricter as far as factories are concerned.
 Tall and filtered chimneys should be used by the factories for the smoke outlet.

3. Lessen Deforestation and Increase Afforestation in India to Reduce Global Warming:

 Trees can be regarded as the medicine to reduce the growing global warming.
 Indian govt. should completely ban the setting up of buildings and other infrastructures in the regions
which require mass axing of trees.
 It is the trees which absorb all the harmful content of the air and make it pure.
 Moreover, each and every Indian family should initiate growing plants and trees in the premises of their
house.
 Growing of more trees in India will surely help curbing with this global warming.

4. Replace Plastic by Jute Bags in India to Reduce Global Warming:

 Plastic as we all know is such a material that takes millions of years to get decomposed completely.
 Though cheap but harmful and a major contributor in global warming.
 Plastic bags should be completely banned in India; instead jute bags should be circulated in the
market.
 Himachal Pradesh govt. has taken this initiative to use jute bags and say no to plastic bags. To
fight against global warming in India, it requires such small initiatives in large scale.
If India becomes responsible enough towards its role in curbing global warming, it will matter a lot to the
world. Likewise, if every other nation takes appropriate measures to reduce global warming, our planet earth
will start recuperating.

Recent plans implemented by Government

(1) Prime ministers national act on plan on climate change it contains 8 sub plans including a national
solar mission to increase the share of solar energy in our energy consumption.
(2) India has pledged to voluntarily reduce 20-25% of their carbon emissions below the 2005 levels by
2020
(3) BEE ratings have been introduced for electrical appliances like tube lights, so that people know how
much their electricity bill is going to increase and buy less energy consuming appliances
(4) Bharat IV emission norms for all 4 wheelers will be introduced in the country from 2010
(5) India is the 4th largest producer of electricity by wind energy in the world and the government
offers concessions to companies who establish wind farms
(6) India as set up the ministry of new and renewable energy, which provides funds for developing new
sources of energy in India .Eg: Asia's largest solar pond has been set up at Bhuj in rajasthan. Also an
experimental Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) plant is being set up in Kerala
( 7) India has announced a National Biofuel policy, by which, biofuels will be grown on non-
agricultural land, using the plant jatropha, so that the agricultural production is not harmed in any way.

4.CONCLUSION

There is a need to seriously follow all the prevention methods of the global warming to prevent
further increase in the global warming.

We should take the issue of global warming very seriously and try our best to reduce the effects of it
on the environment. We should follow all the rules and regulations planned and implemented by the
government to reach to the aim and continue the possibility of healthy life on the earth. We should
try to live very simple life in order to keep the atmospheric temperature up to normal so that all the
natural cycles may go as usual without any negative effects. We should try to take bath with warm
or cold water, wash clothes with cold water instead of hot water and lessens our need of personal
vehicles to reduce the carbon dioxide gas emissions.

We should not involve in the deforestation and inform the authority immediately after seeing
another one involved. We should promote the habit of re-plantation in the surrounding area in order
to get fresh air as well as reduces the amount of carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere.