Contents

7 Forensic Psychiatry .......................................................................................................121 – 126

1 Medical Jurisprudence ........................................................................................................1 –18
Chapter 1 Legal Procedures ....................................................................... ................................................................................ 3 – 6
Chapter 2 Medical Ethics & Law ..............................................................................................................................................7 – 12
Chapter 3 ACTS ....................................................................... ................................................................................................. 13 – 18
2 Identification .....................................................................................................................19 –36
Chapter 4 Identification ....................................................................... ................................................................................ 19 – 36
Chapter 15 Insanity ....................................................................... ....................................................................................... 123 – 126
8 Clinical and Forensic Toxicology.....................................................................................127 –160
Chapter 16 Toxicology ....................................................................... .................................................................................. 129 – 130
Chapter 17 Corrosive Acid / Sulphurc Acid .....................................................................................................................131 – 131
Chapter 18 Organophosphorus Compounds .................................................................................................................132 – 133
Chapter 19 Carbolic Acid (Phenol) ....................................................................................................................................134 – 134

3 Thanatology .......................................................................................................................37 –52
Chapter 5 Thanatology....................................................................... ...................................................................................39 – 48
Chapter 6 Autopsy................................................................................................................................................................... 49 – 52
4 Medicolegal Aspects of Injuries..........................................................................................53 –89
Chapter 7 Injury and Medicolegal Aspects.........................................................................................................................55 – 60
Chapter 8 Mechanical and Regional Injuries .....................................................................................................................61 – 72
Chapter 9 Firearms Injuries ................................................................................................................................................... 73 – 83
Chapter 10 Thermal Injuries ....................................................................... .............................................................................84 – 89
5 Mehanical Asphyxia .........................................................................................................91 –102
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Chapter 20 Arsenic ....................................................................... ........................................................................................ 135 – 136
Chapter 21 Mercury ....................................................................... ...................................................................................... 137 – 137
Chapter 22 Lead ....................................................................... ............................................................................................. 138 – 139
Chapter 23 Vegetable and Irritant Poisons ......................................................................................................................140 – 141
Chapter 24 Snakes ................................................................................................................................................................ 142 – 142
Chapter 25 Somniferous Poisons .......................................................................................................................................143 – 143
Chapter 26 Inebriant Poisons ..............................................................................................................................................144 – 146
Chapter 27 Deliriant Poisons ..............................................................................................................................................147 – 148
Chapter 28 Spinal Poisons ....................................................................... ........................................................................... 149 – 149
Chapter 29 Cardiac poisons ....................................................................... ........................................................................ 150 – 151
Chapter 30 Hydrocyanic Acid (Prussic Acid / HCN) ......................................................................................................152 – 152

Chapter 11 Asphyxia .............................................................................................................................................................. 93 – 102 Miscellaneous Questions ................................................................................................................................................... 153 – 160

9 War Gases .......................................................................................................................161 –163

6 Virginity, Sexual Offences & Infanticide....................................................................103 –120
Chapter 31 War Gases ....................................................................... .................................................................................. 163 – 163
Chapter 12 Virginity ....................................................................... ...................................................................................... 105 – 108
Chapter 13 Sexual Offences ............................................................................................................................................... 109 – 116
Chapter 14 Infanticide ....................................................................... .................................................................................. 117 – 120
 Legal Procedures
1
Forensic Medicine is application of medical knowledge to aid in the administration of law.

Section 1 Medical Jurisprudence is application of legal knowledge for the purpose of medicine.
Medical Ethics deals with moral principle which guide doctors in their dealings with each other, patients and the State.
Medical etiquette deals with conventional laws of courtesy among members of medical profession.

INQUEST

Medical Jurisprudence It is enquiry or investigation to cause of death.

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Magistrate Inquest [Sec 176 CrPC] – Best Inquest
This is done by Executive Magistrate [District Magistrate, Collector, Sub Divisional Magistrate, Tehsildar] in following:
1. Legal Procedures • Death in police lock up/police firing/police custody
• Death in psychiatric hospital
2. Medical Ethics and Law • Exhumation
• Dowry death
3. ACTS • Death having public interest or law and order problem.

Police Inquest [Sec 174 CrPC]

This is done by police officer not below the rank of ASI of police. On the information of unnatural suspicious death, he
informs the respective magistrate and proceeds to crime scene; carries out enquiry with 2 witnesses/PANCHAS of the area.
Inquest report/PANCHNAMA are then signed by police officer and witness. If the cause of death is not known or foul play
is suspected, then the dead body is sent for postmortem to nearest mortuary.

PERJURY [S ec191 IPC]

It is giving willfully false evidence or had fabricated false evidence while legally bound by oath.
Sec 193 IPC: Punishment for perjury is imprisonment for 3 months or fine of Rs 500/or both.

SUMMONS OR SUBPOENA
It is written document in duplicate issued by presiding officer of the Court with seal and signature; served to witness for
giving evidence on a particular date and time. Types of summon:
• SUBPOENA AD TESTIFICANDUM: witness is summoned to give evidence.
• SUBPOENA DUCIS TECUM: witness is told to bring documents.
Higher Courts are given priority over the lower and Criminal Courts over the civil.
 Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 1 1 NEW SARP SERIES FOR NEET/NBE/AI

• Judicial Magistrate of I Class: Imprisonment up to 3 years and fine of ` 5,000. 11. IPC is 15. 20 year old woman is allegedly raped in police cus-
a. Indian prosecution code tody.WhowillconducttheInquest:
• Judicial Magistrate of II Class: Imprisonment up to 1 years and fine of ` 1,000.
b. Indian punishment code
a. Police
Sec 39 Cr PC: Any person aware of commission of offence punishable under IPC shall inform the nearest magistrate or c. Indian penal code
b. Coroner
police office of such act. d. Indian Police Court
c. Medical examiner
(Ref: Reddy’s 29/E page 5) [IPC defines offences and punishments.] d. Magistrate

Section 1 - Medical Jurisprudence

REVIEWQUESTIONSOFMOSTRECENTEXAMS2015-16 12.Medicaletiquettedealsin: (Ref: Reddy’s 29/E page 5)
a. Legal responsibilities of a doctor
1. Assistant Sessions Judge can give punishment to up 6. The procedure of investigation and trial of offences 16. “Questions medicolegalis” was written by:
b. Medical aspects of law
a. Hippocrates

Legal Procedures
to: within the limitation of a territory in india is done c. Laws of courtesy observed between the member of
a. 3 years imprisonment under: b. King of Babylon
medical profession
c. Imhotep
b. 5 years imprisonment a. Criminal procedure code b. Civil procedure code d. Moral principles related to the medical profession
d. Paulus Zacchias
c. 10 years imprisonment c. Indian penal code d. Indian evidence act
(Ref: Reddy’s 29/E page 1)
d. Life imprisonment (Ref: Reddy’s 29/E page 4)
(Ref: Reddy’s 29/E page 5)
13.Leadingquestionsareaskedin:
(Ref: Reddy’s 29/E page 6) [It provides procedure in trial, arrest and mechanism for 17. A doctor who performed the autopsy of a women
a. Cross examination
punishment of offences.] found the cause of death to be aluminum phos-
2. Judicial power of First Class Judicial Magistrate: b. Examination in chief
7. Death sentence can be given by: phide poisoning. In the court of law where he will-
a. 1 year imprisonment + fine of ` 1,000 c. Direct examination
a. First Class Judicial Magistrate ingly hide this information. This is punishable under
b. 3 year imprisonment + fine of ` 5,000 d. Re-examination
b. Second Class Judicial Magistrate which section?
c. 3 year imprisonment + fine of ` 10,000
(Ref: Reddy’s 29/E page 12) a. IPC 193
d. 7 year imprisonment + fine of ` 10,000 c. Chief Judicial Magistrate
d. Sessions Court Magistrate 14. Cognizable offence is: b. CrPC 175
(Ref: Reddy’s 29/E page 6)

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a. Offence need not be proved for punishment c. CrPC 69
(Ref: Reddy’s 29/E page 6)
3. Cross examination is carried on: b. Offence when a person can be arrested without d. IPC 189
a. Confusing the witness 8. The PresidingOfficerofacourtcanaskquestions warrant (Ref. Reddy’s 29/E, p12)
b. To make witness understand better during: c. Unbailable warrant can be issued
c. protectionof the accused a. Direct examination d. None of the above
d. To check the accuracy witness evidence b. Cross examination
(Ref: Reddy’s 29/E page 6)
c. Re-direct examination
(Ref: Reddy’s 29/E page 12)
d. Any stage of examination of witness [Example – rape, murder, ragging, death due to rash negligent act,
4. Father of legal medicine:
(Ref: Reddy’s 29/E page 14) dowry death Sec 2(C) CrPC]
a. Bartolomeo de varignama
b. Paulus zacchias 9. Inquestincustodialdeathsiscarriedoutby:
c. Fortunato fedele a. Magistrate b. Doctor
d. Orfila c. Police d. Coroner
(Ref: Reddy’s 29/E page 4) (Ref: Reddy’s 29/E page 5)
5. Witnesbsasedonruleof first-handknowledge: 10.Deathcertificatedoesnotshow:
a. Common witness a. Cause of death
b. Expert witness b. Mode of death
c. Witness of fact c. Manner of death
d. Occurrence witness d. Time of death
(Ref: Reddy’s 29/E page 10) (Ref: Reddy’s 29/E page 593)

ANSWERS ANSWERS
11. (c) 12. (c) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (d) 16. (d) 17. (a)
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (a)
6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (b) 5 6
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Negligence is considered in presence of following 4 D :

Medical Ethics and Law

2 •
•
•
•
DUTY : Duty of care and attention exits.
DERELICTION : Failure to maintain care and skill.
DIRECT CAUSATION : Damage has occurred due to failure of care and skill.
DAMAGE : Damage is reasonably present.

Section 1 - Medical Jurisprudence

Res Judicata /Iudicata
If negligence suit is decided by the court then no party can be permitted to reopen it in same or any other court.

Civil Negligence
PRIVILEGED COMMUNICATIONS It is when
• Patient files the civil suit for compensation against the damage to him due to lack of reasonable care and skill or willful
It is valid unbiased statement of doctor regarding the matter of public interest to the authorities due to his duty to protect negligence by doctor during the professional duty with patient.
the interest of community or state.
• Doctor files the civil suit for recovery of his fees from the patient who has refused due to negligence in treatment.
• Employers and employees: Doctor shall inform the railway authorities regarding the color blind engine driver. Complainant has to prove the negligence. Trial is by Civil Court and liable to pay damages or compensation as per court
• Disclosure of disease (melancholia, suicidal affinity ) for patient self interest. orders.
• Venereal diseases: Syphilitic patients are restricted from swimming pool till cured by informing the authority if he
refuses. Criminal Negligence
• Infectious diseases: Infectious disease (small pox, typhoid, measles, etc) patients are restricted from work of cook

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or waiter till cured by informing the authority, if he refuses. It occurs when there is gross carelessness or wilful negligence or
HIGH YIELD FACTS
• Notificationofbirth,death,infectiousdiseasestopublichealthauthorities . intense lack of care and skill during treatment causing death of
patient or carries out illegal acts [criminal abortion, false certificates Defence to Negligence
• Notificationofcrimetopolice. • No duty owed to plaintiff.
etc]. Trial is by Criminal Court with liability of imprisonment for 2
• Courts of law • Duty discharged as per prevailing standard.
years and fine (Sec 304 A) e.g. operation on wrong patient or wrong
• Disclosure in doctor self interest: in civil/criminal suits against him. • Therapeutic misadventure.
limb, leaving swabs or instruments in abdomen during surgery.
• Error of judgment.
• Contributory negligence on the part of
PROFESSIONAL MISCONDUCT Ethical Malpraxis [Infamous Conduct] patient or attendant.
• Res judicata.
Is conduct which is reasonably disgraceful or dishonorable by the professional persons of good reputation and competency. It is violation of code of medical ethics. Trial is by State Medical • Negligence suit cannot be filed after 2 years
Council with punishment of Penal Erasure or Warning Notice. of negligence.

m IF6A
DOCTRINEOFRESIPSALOQUITOR:[FACTSSPEAKFORTHEMSELVES]
• Issuing false medical certificates.
• Fee splitting [dichotomy] • The wrong complained cannot occur without the negligence of defendant.
• Adultery • Defendant had full control over the instrument or t/t causing injury.
• Abortion [Criminal abortion] 6A • Plaintiff was not guilty of contributory negligence.
• Association with unqualified persons or quacks Example: Overdose of medicines, nonremoval of swabs from operative site after surgery, burns from careless X ray therapy,
• Advertising
• Association with manufacturing firms wrong blood transfusion, etc
• Alcohol • CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE: Negligent act by the patient or his attendant which combined with that of
doctor lead to the injury or damage. Contributory negligence by patient is giving inaccurate or incomplete medical
history, does not takes t/t or instructions by doctor, leaving the hospital against doctor’s advice.
MALPRAXIS/PROFESSIONAL NEGLIGENCE • RISK VIOLENTI NONFIT INJURIA: If patient asks for dangerous treatment against the doctor’s advice then the
doctor is not responsible provided the patient is not insane.
It is lack of reasonable care and skill or willful negligence by doctor during the professional duty with patient leading to • VICAROUS LIABILITY: Employer is not only responsible for his own acts but also for his employees if the act
bodily injury, disease or death. occurs within the course and scope of their employment.
Negligence is considered when act of doctor to the patient is compared with the doctor of same status.
8 • RESPONDENT SUPERIOR [let the master answer]: The master is responsible for his own acts but also for the
negligent act of his employee in employment.
 Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 2 2 NEW SARP SERIES FOR NEET/NBE/AI

• Physically/mentally unfit of duties 9. FalseaboutJuvenileJusticeboard 13. Professional death sentence is given by

• Unsound mind a. Magistrates are generally women a. Supreme court
• Financial or other interest in medical institution b. Judicial Magistrates of second class b. High court
• Offence of moral turpitude c. At least one social worker c. State medical council
d. Newspapers cannot publish the details of the juve - d. Indian medical council
• Persistent defaulter/proved misbehavior
nile in conflict with law

Section 1 - Medical Jurisprudence

• Abuse of position (Ref: Reddy’s 29/E page 22)
(Ref: Gazette of Indian Government Ministry of Law) 14. The doctor can tell the professional secrets without
The Indian Medical Council is bound by directions on policy as given by the Central Government. Every rule made by the

Medical Ethics and Law

Council is laid before both the houses of Parliament for a total period of 30 days. 10. Penal erasure is given for consentofpatientinfollowingconditionsexcept
a. Criminal offence a. Patients interest
b. Rape b. Court of law
REVIEWQUESTIONSOFMOSTRECENTEXAMS2015-16 c. Serious professional misconduct c. Newspaper
d. Theft d. Suspected crime
1. Under the PNDT Act, punishment on disclosing sex of 5. The type of consent given by a person when he holds (Ref: Reddy’s 29/E page 22) (Ref.: Reddys 29/E page 29)
thebabybytheDoctorforthefirsttimeis outhisarmforinjection:
a. Rs. 10000 fine and warning a. Implied consent 11. Dichotomy Is 15. Time limit for the civil suit against a doctor is
b. 1 years imprisonment b. Expressed consent a. Fee splitting a. 18 months b. 16 months
c. 3 years imprisonment c. Informed consent b. 2 persons involved in an offence c. 1 year d. 2 years
d. 5 years imprisonment d. Therapeutic privilege c. Adultery (Ref. Reddy 29/E, p 37)
d. Addiction
(Ref: Gazette of Indian Government Ministry of Law) (Ref: Reddy’s 29/E page 43)
(Ref: Reddy’s 29/E page 23)
2. Minimum age to consent for organ dona - 6. Registeredmedicalpractitionerassistingunqualified
12. Serious professional misconduct is

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tion: personinmedicalpracticeiscalled:
a. Infamous professional Act
a. 12 a. Covering b. Fee splitting
b. Disgraceful conduct
b. 16 c. Association d. Adultery
c. Abuse of professional position
c. 18 (Ref: Reddy’s 29/E page 23) d. All the above
d. 21
7. Apatientisbroughttothecasualtywithheadinjury (Ref: Reddy’s 29/E page 22, answer – d)
(Ref: Gazette of Indian Government Ministry of Law)
withnorelativesandneedsurgentoperation.The
3. Not the element of negligence is: doctor should:
a. Duty a. Operate without formal consent
b. Dereliction b. Take police consent
c. Direct causation c. Wait for relatives for consent
d. Misadventure d. Take hospital staff consent
(Ref: Reddy’s 29/E page 31) (Ref: Reddy’s 29/E page 44)
4. Apatientforcataractsurgerywasoperatedinthe 8. Transplantationofthefollowing isnot coveredin the
wrong eye. This is an example of: transplantationofhumanorgansact1994:
a. Novus actus interveniens a. Bone marrow
b. Medical maloccurence b. Cornea
c. Res Ipsa loquitur c. Eardrum
d. Therpeutic misadventure d. Heart
(Ref: Reddy’s 29/E page 33) (Ref: Reddy’s 29/E page 50, answer -- a)

ANSWERS ANSWERS

1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (a) 9. (b) 10. (c) 11. (a) 12. (d) 13. (c)

6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (a) 12 14. (c) 15. (d)

11
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New SARP Series for NEET/NBE/AI/FMGE, Revise Forensic Medicine & Toxicology in a Week (PG Medical Entrance Test)
YOP: 2016 | Pages: 170 | By Munish Wadhawan | Color: | ISBN: 9789385915833

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