TITLE

Titration of monoprotic acid and polyprotic acid.

ABSTRACT

White tile is needed during titration to observe the pale pink.

Titration is one of the famous techniques that one should master as it is the basic of

neutralization. It is also a technique where a solution of a known concentration is used to

determine the concentration of another solution. Usually base will be added into the burette

while the acid was added into the Erlenmeyer flask. Then you can start titrating your solution.

Phenolphthalein is one of the main indicators used to indicate the colour changes during titration.

When colour of analyte turn into pale pink, it means that the solution achieved the neutralization

or we called it end point. Frequently an acid or a base is quantitatively determined by titration

using pH meter to detect the equivalence point rather than using a visual indicator. This has the

advantage that one actually monitors the change in pH at the equivalence point rather than just

observing the change in color of a visual indicator. This eliminates any indicator blank error.

Calibrating the solution using pH meter

At this equivalence point the Ph is neutral when the moles of acid and base are

equivalence. There are few types of titration, that is acid base titration, complexation titration,

precipitation titration, redox titration, titration of a weak acid and strong base and sort of it. Yet,

it consumes the same basic techniques of titration. In our experiment, we will titrate a strong

base with strong acid and weak acid to determine the concentration of acid, the pKA and KA

values.
OBJECTIVES

1. To find the concentration of analyte

2. To find the value of Pka

3. To find the value of ka

4.

APPARATUS AND MATERIALS

 Phenolphthalein indicator

 Burette

 Pipette

 250ml beaker

 Ph meter

 White tile
PROCEDURES

1. The buret was filled with 0.1M NaOH. 25.00 mL of 0.1 M CH3COOH were pipette into

a 250 mL beaker and 3–4 drops of phenolphthalein indicator were added. The beaker was

placed on a white paper towel to best observe color changes.

2. The solution was titrated by adding the NaOH titrant in 1–2 mL increments. we swirled

the beaker carefully with each addition.

3. The colored form of the phenolphthalein will begin to stay for a while and then disappear.

At this point add the NaOH was added dropwise until the acetic acid is a very light color.

This is the endpoint for phenolphthalein.

4. The pH of the solution in the beaker at this end point was measured and recorded. Then

the pH probe rinsed with distilled water and replace the probe tip into its vial.

5. Any color changed were observed during the titration. The pH and added NaOH volume

at that indicator’s endpoint should be used to estimate the target point when conducting

the following procedure.

6. The graph of Ph versus volume is plotted in the EXCEL.

RESULT AND CALCULATION

Monoprotic acid (acetic acid)

Final volume Initial Volume Volume used pH

2 0 2 3.18

4 2 2 3.67

6 4 2 3.90

8 6 2 4.09

10 8 2 4.37

12 10 2 4.53

14 12 2 4.73

16 14 2 4.90

18 16 2 5.08

20 18 2 5.38

22 20 2 6.06

24 22 2 6.58

26 24 2 6.89

28 26 2 11.27

30 28 2 11.70

32 30 2 11.90
34 32 2 12.04
CALCULATION FOR ACETIC ACID

NAOH + CH3COOH → H20 + CH3COOH- NA+

We need to find the concentration of acid for this experiment.

From the graph shown we know that 27 ml is the volume of equivalence point

Convert ml to l

24 ml
= 0.027𝑙 (volume of equivalence point)
1000

Formula to find moles

Volume of equivalence point × concentration of titrant

0.027𝑙 × 0.1 𝑚𝑜𝑙⁄𝑙

= 2.7 × 10−3 moles of titrant to reach equivalence point

Formula to find concentration of acid

moles of analyte
⁄original volume of analyte (l)

2.7 × 10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠

0.025𝑙
= 0.11𝑀

From the graph,

Pka = 4.5

KA = -log 1.995 × 10−6

= 3.2 × 10 -5
Polyprotic acid (phosphoric acid)

Final volume Initial Volume Volume used pH

2 0 2 1.46

4 2 2 1.52

6 4 2 1.58

8 6 2 1.64

10 8 2 1.78

12 10 2 1.81

14 12 2 1.91

16 14 2 2.00

18 16 2 2.02

20 18 2 2.12

22 20 2 2.19

24 22 2 2.27

26 24 2 2.37

28 26 2 2.46

30 28 2 2.59

32 30 2 2.73

34 32 2 2.94

36 34 2 3.22
38 36 2 3.92

40 38 2 5.52

42 40 2 5.80

44 42 2 6.04

46 44 2 6.21

48 46 2 6.38

50 48 2 6.53

52 50 2 6.68

54 52 2 6.73

56 54 2 6.86

58 56 2 6.96

60 58 2 7.07

62 60 2 7.28

64 62 2 7.40

66 64 2 7.56

68 66 2 7.70

70 68 2 7.95

72 70 2 8.37

74 72 2 8.78

76 74 2 10.07
78 76 2 10.65
TITRATION CURVE FOR PHOSPHORIC ACID
CALCULATION FOR PHOSPHORIC ACID

NAOH + H3PO4 → H20 + NAH2PO4

We need to find the concentration of acid . In this case the ratio is still 1:1 .

From the graph shown we know that 76 ml is the volume to reach second equivalence point

Convert ml to l

76 ml
= 0.076𝑙 (volume of equivalence point)
1000

Formula to find moles

Volume of second equivalence point × concentration of titrant

0.076𝑙 × 0.1 𝑚𝑜𝑙⁄𝑙

= 7.6 × 10−3 moles of titrant to reach equivalence point

Formula to find concentration of acid

moles of analyte
⁄original volume of analyte (l)

7.6 × 10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠

0.025𝑙
= 0.0304𝑚

From the graph,

Since phosphoric acid need two stage to dissociates it hydrogen ion, there is two pka value.

Pka 1 = 2.1
Ka = 7.5 x 10 -3

Pka 2 = 7.2

Ka = 6.3 x 10-8
DISCUSSION

On the first section, we titrated strong base with weak acid. The volume consumed and

the ph obtained were recorded in the table. Based on the data, I plotted the ph versus volume and

direct determine the pka value and how much volume of base needed to neutralize the acid. The

S shape curved graph is obtained.

The left flask showing that it is not achieving it equilibrium point while the right flask doe
achieve.

In an acid-base titration, the important information to obtain is the equivalence point.

The molarity of the acid can then be calculated since the number of moles of base added is the

same as the number of moles of acid in the flask, and the volume of the base added is also known

from the graph. Often the pH of the solution will change dramatically at the equivalence point.

An acid-base indicator works by changing color over a given pH range. If an indicator which

changes color near the equivalence point is chosen, there is also a dramatic change in the color of

the indicator at the equivalence point because the pH changes so rapidly.

 We manage to find the moles for sodium hydroxide and from the moles get we

can find the concentration of acetic acid. The concentration is 0.11M. Volume of base needed to

neutralize the acid can be predicted based on the graph plotted. Volume at equivalence point is

the volume of sodium hydroxide needed to dissociates the H ion in the acid. Based on this

experiment I can conclude that the more strong base (NaoH) were consumed, the Ph will

increased. Monoprotic acid and polyprotic acid have the different concentration of ion hydrogen

which will affected the volume of base needed to neutralize the solution. However both of them

will shows pale pink when achieved the equivalence moles of acid and base. The ka value is 3.2

× 10-5.

Polyprotic acid were used to differentiate it titration curve, and the crurve obtain is

double the double S shaped graph. This graph shows that polyprotic acid needs few stage to

dissociates it hydrogen ion. Polyprotic acid used is phosphoric acid, and it is an acid with 3H

hydrogen which means, need for about 3 stage to completely dissociates it hydrogen ion. But we

manage to plot only 2 stage of acid dissociation. The pka value is 2.1 and 7.2.

REFERENCES

1.Titration of an HCL-Phosphoric

http://ion.chem.usu.edu/~sbialkow/Classes/361/mixed/titration

2. Titration using pH meter

http://dwb5.unl.edu/chem/DoChem/DoChem-103.html
LEARNING REFLECTION

Most of us familiar with the titration, but in this case it is quite different as we using pH

meter. I learned about how to use pH meter and how sensitive it is to handle. Before using the

pH meter, we need to calibrated it first in the buffer solution with the pH of 4,7 and 10. After

that we can proceed to dip the pH bulb in solution to determine it pH . Besides my lecturer do

remind me about handling the apparatus carefully especially during the process of filling the

sodium hydroxide in the burette.