7 Philosophies of Proponents Purpose of the
Curriculum and Approaches
Education
Essentialism William Bagley The purpose of this
philosophy is to help the
learners acquire basic skill
set, intelligence and morals
for them to become model
citizens.
Progressivism John Dewey This aims to develop the
learners to become
enlightened and intelligent
citizens of a democratic
society. They encourage the
learners to live fully NOW
instead of preparing for adult
life.
Perennialism Robert Hutchins and Mortimer This aims to develop the
Adler learners’ rational and moral
powers and to let them use
their reasoning skills and
higher faculties according to
their passions and appetites.
Subjects to be Taught
 Reading & Writing
 Math
 Natural Sciences
 History
 Foreign Languages
 Literature
 Skills in Gathering and
Evaluating Information
 Problem Solving Skills
 Natural and Social
Sciences
 Humanities
 General Education
 Principles of Natural
Science
 Philosophy
 Language
 History
 Conceptual Thinking
Teaching Strategies
Teachers on this school
focuses on the mastery of
subject matter and basic
skills through the use of
prescribed textbooks, drill
method and the lecture
method.
Teachers use experimental
methods in teaching that
encourage the learners to
gain knowledge from actual
experience. Teachers in this
school of educational
philosophy also use the
“hands-on-minds-on-hearts-
on” teaching methodology to
let the students interact with
nature and society.
The teaching is centered on
the teacher. They utilise the
Socratic method of teaching
and mutual inquiry sessions.
 The 7 Philosophies of Education
7 Philosophies of Proponents Purpose of the
Curriculum
Education
Essentialism William Bagley The main purpose of this
philosophy is to help the
learners acquire basic skill set,
intelligence and morals for
them to become model citizens.
Progressivism John Dewey This philosophical school of
education aims to develop the
learners to become enlightened
and intelligent citizens of a
democratic society. They
encourage the learners to live
fully NOW instead of preparing
for adult life.
Perennialism Robert Hutchins and Mortimer The curriculum for this
Adler philosophical school of
education aims to develop the
learners’ rational and moral
powers and to let them use their
reasoning skills and higher
faculties according to their
passions and appetites.
Subjects to be Taught
 Reading & Writing
 Math
 Natural Sciences
 History
 Foreign Languages
 Literature
 Skills in Gathering and
Evaluating Information
 Problem Solving Skills
 Natural and Social
Sciences
 Humanities
 General Education
 Principles of Natural
Science
 Philosophy
 Language
 History
 Conceptual Thinking

Teaching Strategies and
Approaches
Teachers who follow the
essentialist way of teaching
focuses mainly on the mastery
of subject matter and basic
skills through the use of
prescribed textbooks, drill
method and the lecture method.
Teachers following this
philosophy of teaching use
experimental methods in
teaching that encourage the
learners to gain knowledge
from actual experience.
Teachers in this school of
educational philosophy also use
the “hands-on-minds-on-hearts-
on” teaching methodology to let
the students interact with nature
and society.
The perennialist way of
teaching is centered on the
teacher. They utilise the
Socratic method of teaching and
mutual inquiry sessions.
 Existentialism Jean Paul Sartre
Behaviourism Ivan Pavlov, Edward Thorndike, The main purpose of the
John Watson and Burrhus
Frederic Skinner
Linguistic Philosophy Jurgen Habermas and Hans Georg Linguistic educational
Gadamer
Constructivism Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky
Prepared By: Lea Jane I. Razona
This school of philosophy deals
with the development of the
learner as a whole person and
not just the development of the
mind. They do this by helping
the students understand and
appreciate themselves as unique
individuals who accept
complete responsibility for their
thoughts, feelings and actions
behaviourist curriculum is to
develop a favourable learning
environment for the learners to
develop desirable behaviour in
the society.
philosophy works toward the
development of the learners’
communication skills from
them to be able to express
themselves and their ideas.
This philosophy of education
aims to develop learners to
become independent and
inherently motivated so that
they can construct new ideas
with the help of proper learning
skills.
3rd year BSEd
 Humanities The teaching-learning process
 Vocational Education in an existentialist classroom is
 History self-paced and self-directed. It
 Fine Arts encourages an open and honest
 Drama individual relationship between
 Creative Expression the learner and the teacher. The
 Literature teachers use the values
 Philosophy clarification strategy.
 Psychology of Human Teachers under this school of
Behaviour philosophy use behaviourist
 Stimuli-Response method of teaching in which the
Relationship teacher control physical
variables to get the desired
responses from the learners.
 Verbal Communication The experimental method is the
 Nonverbal most popular teaching strategy
Communication used by the teachers under this
 Paraverbal philosophy since it is the most
Communication effective way of teaching
 Foreign Language language and communication.
 Knowledge Evaluation A constructivist teacher
and Synthesis provides the learners adequate
 Learning Process and data and information and
Skills encourage them to interact with
 Research and this data to form their own
Experimentation hypothesis, predict the outcome,
investigate, and invent new
ideas and to research for further
information.