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Short notes and Formulas for Mensuration (2D gures)

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In this article, we have discussed formulas of important 2D gures which are

frequently asked. We have compiled important information which are mostly asked
in SSC Exams at one place.
# Rectangle

Let d 1 and d 2 are diagonals of the given rectangle ABCD.

then, both diagonals are equal but not perpendicular to each other.
 Area of rectangle = length x breadth and perimeter = 2(length+breadth)
 
# Path outside the rectangle
Suppose there is a park having length l and breadth b. There is a road of width x
outside of it.

Then, Area of path = 2x (l + b + 2x)

 
# Path inside the rectangle
Suppose there is a park having length l and breadth b. There is a road of width x
inside of it.

Then, Area of path = 2x (l + b – 2x)

 
#When there is a road along both the length and breadth of the
park.

Then, Remaining area of Rectangle (shaded region) = (l–x) (b-x)

Area of the path = lx + bx – x 2
 
# Circle: Given a circle of radius ‘r’

We recommend you learn this table as it will save your time in calculating these all.
If radius is ‘r’, then perimeter = 2πr and Area = πr 2

Radius Perimeter (2πr) Area (πr 2 )

7 44 154
14 88 616
21 132 1386
28 176 2464
35 220 3850
42 264 5544 
 
# Length of Rope
Let ‘d’ is the diameter of pulley and ‘r’ is the radius, then d = 2r. All pulleys are
similar.

Length of rope = 2d + 2pr

 

Length of rope = 3d + 2pr

 Length of rope = 4d + 2pr
Note: Trick to remember these formulas: number of pulleys x diameter + Perimeter
of one pulley
 
# Sector
In this circle, ‘r’ is the radius, θ is the angle made by the arc of length ‘l’

Length of arc 

Area of sector 

Area of sector when ‘l’ is given 

 
# Segment

Area of minor segment 

Area of major segment 

 
# Area of shaded portion
  
# Inradius and Circumradius of Square:
There is a square of side ‘a’; ‘r’ is the inradius and ‘R’ is the circumradius.

 
# Triangle:
Let ABC is a triangle and M 1 , M 2 and M 3 are medians of the given triangle.

Then, 
 
# Inradius of triangle:
Given, ABC is a triangle and a, b and c are the sides of given triangle. Let ‘r’ is the
inradius of triangle.

 
# Circumradius of triangle:
Given, ABC is a triangle and a, b and c are the sides of given triangle. Let ‘R’ is the
circumradius of triangle.

 
# Right angle triangle
Given ‘a’ is the base, ‘b’ is the perpendicular and ‘c’ is the hypotenuse of triangle
ABC.
 
# Equilateral triangle:

 
Where, h is the height of triangle, 

Hence, we can say that height of equilateral triangle is equal to the sum of side
perpendicular of the triangle.
 
# Isosceles triangle

 
# Regular Polygon
Let, n = no. of sides of regular polygon and a = length of side of regular polygon
# Internal angle of regular polygon = 

# Sum of internal angle of regular polygon 

 
# Angle made by centre = 

#Area of Regular polygon 

 or 
 
# External angle of regular polygon 

# sum of all external angle = 360º

# For Regular Hexagon

Circumradius R = a
Inradius 

 
# Cyclic Quadrilateral

 
# Parallelogram
Let a and b are the sides, h is the height and d 1 and d 2 are the diagonals of
parallelogram
 then, 

Area of parallelogram = (i) Base × height

(ii) 

(iii) 

Imp. Relation 

Imp. Note: In rectangle, parallelogram, square and Rhombus diagonals bisect other.
 
# Rhombus

In Rhombus, diagonals are not equal to each other but they bisect each other at 90
degree. 
Area = Base × height = a x h
Or Area 

 
# Trapezium
Case 1: If AD = BC, then DM = CN
 
# Quadrilateral

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