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Section 6D
Section 6D
Running vocabulary for 6D(i)
adiungé 3 adifinxi | join,
add
cael-um 7 2n, heaven, sky
cerns 3 I discern, perceive,
see
délibr-um i 2n. temple,
shrine
diu-us 7 2m. god
facid 3/4 1 suppose,
imagine (1. 5)
Sax facnis 3£. torch
‘flamm-a ae 1f. flame
‘flecté 3 1 steer, guide,
control
Sremit-us iis 4m. roar
‘fulmen fulmin-is 3n.
lighting, thunderbole
gemit-us iis 4m. groan
«-amantium (amantum)>
dat. +amintibus>
abl, -aménte (amanti)> +-amintibus>
Present infinitive active ‘to —’
Key: -ARE -ERE -ERE -IRE -ERE
1 2 3 4 3/4
‘to love’ ‘to have’ ‘to say’ to hear’ ‘to capture’
amare habére dicere audire —_cApere
451Reference grammar
Gerund (a noun, cf. present participles) ‘(the act of) —ing’
Key: -ND-
1 2 3
“(the act of) loving’ “(ihe act of) having’ “(the act of) saying’
amire, amind-um i 2n. habére, habénd-um 7 2n. dicere, dicénd-um i 2a,
4 3/4
“(the act of) hearing’ “(the act of) capturing’
audire, audiénd-um i 2h. cApere, capiénd-um i 2n.
Notes
1 The only gerund forms which verbs have are as above, based on the
present stem.
2 The infinitive form often acts as a nominative noun, e.g. erie
hiimanum est ‘to err (i.e. the act of erring) is human’. The gerund itself
has no nominative.
Present imperative active ‘—!’
Key: AE E/ITE/I
1 2 3
“love!” ‘demand!?
2nd s. ma pésce!
2nd pl. amite péscite
4 3/4
‘hear! ‘capture!?
2nd s. aédi cape
2nd pl. audite cApite
* We use posed here because di¢é has an irregular s. imperative.
Present subjunctive active ‘I —’, ‘I may —’, ‘I would —
Key: EA
1 2 3 4 3/4
ists. 4mem habeam = dicam_—atidiam ~—c4piam
2nd s. més habeas dicas atidias cApias
3rds. amet —hdbeat = dicat_~—atidiat~—cpiat
452Al-2 Active verbs
1st pl. us habeimus di
2nd pl. amétis habedtis dicatis_audiatis. capitis
3rd pl. 4ment habcant —dicant-—atidiant-—cpiant
A2 Future active
Future indicative active ‘I shall/will —’, ‘I shall/will be —ing’
Key: ABI EBI E JE IE
1 2 3 4 34
‘I shall love’ ‘I shall have’ ‘I shall say’ ‘I shall hear’ ‘I shall capture’
1st s. amabd habébd cépiam
2nd 5. habé cipiés
3rd 5. habs cépiet
1 pl. amabimus _habébimus capiémus
2nd pl. amabitis habébitis capiétis
3rd pl. amabunt habébunt —_dicent \ capient
Future participle active ‘about to —’ ‘on the point of —ing’,
‘with a view to —ing’
Key: perfect participle stem + UR-US A UM+ESSE
1 2 3
‘about to love’ ‘about to have’ ‘about to say’
amitiir-us aum habitiir-us a um dictéir-us a um
4 3/4
‘about to hear’ ‘about to capture’
auditiir-us aum captiir-us a um
NB. -iir-us a um declines like Iéngus, J1(a).
Future infinitive active ‘to be about to —’
Key: perfect participle stem -+ UR-US A UM+ESSE
1 2 3
‘to be about to love’ ‘to be about to have’ ‘to be about to say’
amatiir-us a um ésse_habitiir-us a um ésse_ dictiir-us a um ésse
453Reference grammar
4 3/4
‘to be about to hear’ ‘to be about to capture’
auditér-us a um ésse captiir-us a um ésse
NB.
ir-us aum declines like léngus, J1(a).
Notes
1 The future (or ‘second’) i imperative is formed by adding -t6 (s.), tote
(pl.) to the present stem (e.g. amaté, habéto, péscit, audit6, cépitd). It
expresses an order which is not to be obeyed immediately. E.g. laédere
hanc cauété ‘Take care (in future) not to rub her up the wrong way’
(Catullus).
2. ‘Future’ subjunctive active is formed by future participle + sim ss sit,
€.g. amatiir-us sim etc. or future participle + éssem éssés ésset (sometimes
forem fores foret), c.g. amatiirus essem (amatiirus forem). Sequence (see A=
G Intro.(a)) determines whether sim or éssem/forem is used.
A3 Imperfect active
Imperfect indicative active ‘I was —ing’, ‘I used to —’, ‘I
began —ing’
Key: ABA EBA
1 2 3
‘Twas loving’ ‘I was having’ ‘I was saying’
1st s. amabam habébam
2nd s. amabas habébas
3rd s. amabat habébat dicebat
1st pl. amabamus habébimus _dic@bimus
2nd pl. amabitis habsbitis dicebitis
3rd pl. amabant habébant dicébant
4 3/4
‘Iwas hearing’ ‘I was capturing’
1st s. audiébam* capiébam
2nd s. audi capiébis
3rd s. audiébat capiébat
* Sometimes audibam audibas etc,
454Al-+4
1st pl.
2nd pl.
3rd pl.
Active verbs
audi¢bamus
audiébatis
audiébant capiébant
Imperfect subjunctive active ‘I was —ing’, ‘I might —’, ‘I
would —
Key: infinitive + endings
Ist s.
2nd s.
3rd s.
1st pl.
2nd pl.
3rd pl.
1 2 3 4 34
habérem — dicerem —audirem —_ciperem
habérés dicerés ir cAperés
habéret diceret cAperet
habérémus_—dicerémus caperémus
habérétis — dicerétis. audirétis —_caperétis
habérent —dicerent —audirent —_cperent
NB. No imperfect participles, imperatives or infinitives exist.
A4 Perfect active
Perfect indicative active ‘I —ed’, ‘I have —ed’
Key: perf. stem +1 ISTI etc.
Ist s.
2nd 5.
3rd s,
1st pl.
2nd pl.
rd pl.
1 2 3
“1 loved’, ‘I have loved’ ‘Thad’, I have had? ‘I said’, ‘I have
said?
did
dixisti (dixti)
dixit
amiuimus diximus
amiuistis (ami: dixistis
amauérunt (amauérc/amarunt) —_habuérunt (habuére) dixérunt (dixére)
4 34
“I heard’, ‘I have heard’ “I captured’, ‘I have captured”
audiui épi
audiuisti (audiisti/audisti)
audiuit
audiuimus
audiuistis (audistis) . cépistis ‘
audiuérunt (audiuére/audiérunt/audiére) cepérunt (cépére)
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