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In this sample MEP specification section, Air Conditioning And Ventilation Installations have been
described in detail under construction contract work.
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Construction of AHU
Each AHU assembly shall be of compact construction and shall consist of a rigid metal framework, with
insulated double skin sheet metal panels. The metal shall be 1.2mm minimum thickness strengthened as
necessary to prevent distortion and drumming. The insulation shall be 25mm thick and comply with the
relevant clauses in the section covering insulation.
The panels shall be easily removable using quick release fasteners to obtain access for inspection and
maintenance. All items shall be assembled by means of bolts, anti-vibration lockwashers and nuts or
accepted quick release fastenings. All units shall be mounted on accepted type anti-vibration mountings.
Unless otherwise indicated in the Particular Specification, a flat panel pre-filter and bag type main filter
shall be provided, each in accordance with Clause 12 of this Specification.
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Fans shall be of either forward or backward bladed centrifugal type; unless otherwise indicated fan motors
shall be mounted internally in the unit and there shall be means of adjusting the motor position. The fan and
motor assembly shall be provided with anti-vibration mountings to isolate vibration from the casing.
Fans fitted to all air handling units shall be provided with external lubricators arranged to terminate adjacent
to the access door to the fan section of the air handling unit.
Additional insulation shall be provided as required to prevent any risk of condensation on the external
surfaces.
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The make and design of fans shall be accepted by the Engineer and evidence supporting claimed noise
levels and fan efficiencies shall be submitted for acceptance prior to placing the order. Where fans are
supplied with noise attenuators full details of the attenuators shall be given.
Belt driven fans shall be fitted with pulleys suitable for V-belts; pulleys of the taper lock type may be used
for drives up to 30 kW output. Alternatively, and in any case above 30 kW output, pulleys shall be secured
to the fan and the motor shafts by keys fitted into machined key-ways. Pulleys shall be keyed to the fan shaft
in the overhung position. Keys shall be easily accessible so that they can be withdrawn or tightened and they
shall be accurately fitted so that the gib head does not protrude beyond the end of the shaft.
Machined bolts, nuts and washers only shall be used for the assembly of fans; all bearing surfaces for the
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heads of bolts or washers shall be counter-faced. Holding-down bolts for fans and motors shall be square
section under the head or be fitted with lugs to prevent them turning in the fan baseplate when the nuts are
tightened. Any fan which is too large or too heavy for safe manhandling shall be provided with eye-bolts or
other lifting facilities to enable mechanical lifting equipment to be used.
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A drain and plug shall be fitted to the fan casing at its lowest point. For all kitchen extract ventilation fans an
access door, for inspection and cleaning, shall be fitted to the scroll casing in an accessible position; it shall
be the full width of the impeller.
Impellers shall be of mild steel (or aluminium where indicated) of riveted or welded construction, with
spiders or hubs of robust design, and shall be capable of running continuously at ten per cent in excess of
normal speed. Impellers shall be keyed to a substantial mild steel shaft and the impeller with shaft shall be
statically and dynamically balanced and tested for over-speed before leaving the maker's works.
Shaft bearings of belt driven single inlet fans shall be truly aligned and rigidly mounted on a pedestal
common to both bearings.
Double inlet, double width fans shall have a pedestal mounted bearing at each side of the fan.
Fan bearings shall be ring oiled sleeve bearings, or ball or roller type. Where silence is important the bearing
pedestal shall not be attached to the fan casing, and ring oiled sleeve bearings shall be applied.
Unless otherwise indicated centrifugal fans shall be driven by electric motors through V-belt drives.
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ducts shall terminate in flanged rings for easy removal. The length of the duct casing shall be greater than
the length of the fan(s) and motor(s) in order that the complete section may be removed without disturbing
adjacent ductwork. Electrical connections to the motor(s) shall be through an external terminal box secured
to the casing.
Impellers shall be of steel or aluminium; the blades shall be secured to the hub or the blades and the hub
shall be formed in one piece.
The hub shall be keyed to a substantial mild steel shaft and the whole statically balanced. Blades shall be of
aerofoil section. Shafts shall be carried in two bearings which may be ball, roller or sleeve type. Lubricators
shall be extended to the outside of the casing.
Where axial flow fans are driven by a motor external to the fan casing the requirements for pulleys and V-
belt drives and guards as specified elsewhere shall be met. Unless otherwise indicated a guard is not
required for any part of a drive which is inside the fan casing. An access door of adequate size shall be
provided.
Where axial flow fans of the bifurcated type are indicated the motors shall be out of the airstream. Motors
may be placed between the two halves of the casing in the external air or may be placed within the fan
casing provided that effective ventilation is given to the motor. Where hot gases or vapours are being
handled the motor and the bearings shall be suitable for operation at the temperature they may experience.
Fans which do not connect to a suction duct shall be supplied with a bellmouth inlet.
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The casing shall be of steel, shall have flanged ends and shall incorporate an inspection door. A terminal box
shall be mounted externally on the casing. The tip speed of fans shall not exceed 20 m/s.
Propeller fans shall not be installed to work against a resistance of more than 50 Pa.
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No fan shall be installed if the protective coating has been damaged in any way. Flame-proof enclosures
shall comply with the requirements of BS 229 for the appropriate gas group.
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Adequate access to motor terminals and lubricating points shall be provided by means of hinged cowls or
otherwise as appropriate. Backdraught dampers and/or fire release dampers shall be provided where
indicated.
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The secondary extended cooling surfaces shall be bonded to the primary cooling tubes. Headers for copper
tube batteries shall be of copper or bronze. The bottom of a casing shall be made in the form of a watertight
drip tray complete with drain connection.
The drain shall be fitted with a water seal to prevent the ingress and discharge of air to and from the system;
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A separate drain trough shall be provided for at least each 1.2 m height of coil. Water shall not be carried
over from a cooler into the airstream; an eliminator section shall be fitted where necessary to prevent carry-
over.
The resistance to air flow shall not exceed 125 Pa and the face velocity shall not exceed 2.5 m/s. Before
leaving the maker's works coolers shall be tested to 1½ times the working pressure or to 7 bar whichever is
the greater.
Eliminator plates shall be fitted if the face velocity exceeds 2.25 m/s.
Cooling Coils shall be supported so that their weight is not transmitted to ductwork and so that they can be
removed without disturbing adjacent ductwork. Inspection doors shall be provided on both the upstream and
downstream sides of the cooler. On any system where the air static pressure at the cooler exceeds 750 Pa
airtight cover boxes shall be provided over the headers and bends; provisions shall be made for draining the
cover boxes.
Coils with fins which have been badly damaged during transport or erection or which have become fouled
or coated with builders materials will not be accepted.
Connections up to and including 65mm bore shall be screwed or flanged; connections 80mm diameter and
above shall be flanged. Isolating valves shall be provided on inlet and outlet connections, arranged so as to
facilitate removal of the cooler.
The thermostatic expansion valve which shall incorporate an external equaliser line shall maintain the
design degree of superheat at the evaporator outlet; the remote sensing bulb shall be securely fixed to the
evaporator outlet piping in a position where the degree of superheat can be correctly sensed.
All refrigerant spaces shall be tested at the maker's works to 1400 kPa for use with refrigerant 12 and to
2100 kPa for use with refrigerant 22.
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The casing shall be airtight to meet the air pressure requirements of the system with appropriate
arrangements to accommodate expansion where applicable.
Electric Type
Electric air heaters shall consist of a number of heating elements of the enclosed non corrodable type
mounted in a steel casing. The elements shall be so installed that they can be removed for cleaning or
renewal without dismantling ductwork. The surface temperature of the elements shall not exceed 150oC. A
high temperature limit device with hand reset button shall be incorporated.
Each element shall be complete with a second set of terminals to operate a failure warning light.
The control of electric air heaters shall be interlocked with an air flow control of the vane or pressure type
which shall isolate the heating elements from the electricity supply in the event of failure of air flow.
The heater shall be arranged with elements of the same number, or a multiple of the number, of steps as the
control required. All heaters and heater sections of more than 3 kW loading shall be balanced over three
phases and the complete heater bank shall be arranged for balanced operation on a 3- phase 4-wire system
and be stepped by he controller in 3kW stages, unless otherwise indicated in the Schedules.
Below 3 kW the stepped loadings shall be in 1 kW increments. The connections from each element shall be
taken to a readily accessible terminal box arranged for conduit entry. Each heater section shall be separately
fused and the neutral point of all 3-phase star-connection sections shall be brought out to a link in the
terminal box. Near any hot areas the wiring insulation shall be of appropriate quality.
The total resistance of the heater to air flow shall not exceed 25 Pa and the velocity through the free area
shall not exceed 6 m/s.
The installation of electric heater batteries shall comply in all respects with the requirements of the local
Fire Authority.
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Filters shall be arranged so that there is easy access for cleaning and/or removal. A differential pressure
gauge of the dial or inclined manometer type shall be provided for each filter bank and shall be fixed in such
a position outside the duct system that it is accessible and easily read. The gauge shall be marked to show
maximum pressure differential indicating a filter change requirement. Air velocity through filters shall be
such that the clean resistance (or operating resistance of automatic filters) as indicated is not exceeded and
that filter fabric or oil is not carried over into the system.
Filter assemblies shall be of a standard type and dimensions and shall be such that replacement filter
medium is readily available from a number of manufacturers.
Fire Precautions
Where a flameproof filter medium is specified the material shall comply with the following requirements
when tested in accordance with the relevant standard.
1. Duration of flaming: No test specimen shall continue to flame for more than 8 seconds after the igniting
flame has been removed.
2. Extent of after-glow: After-glow shall not spread beyond the area of material damaged by flaming.
3. Length of material which chars or melts: The average length of material which chars or melts on the
six specimens shall not exceed 85mm and the maximum length of the charred or melted material in any
one specimen shall not exceed 115mm.
Where washable type flameproof filters are offered or specified the filter medium shall comply with the
requirements of clause (2) above both before and after the washing treatment prescribed in BS 3120
Appendix A.
Where the filter medium is required to be flameproof the casing shall be not less than 1.6mm thick for at
least 1.8 m upstream and 1.8 m downstream of the filter; the immediate frames or cases of the filter
elements shall be of material complying with BS 746 Part 1, Clause 7, Class 1.
Sufficient spares cells shall be provided to replace all of the filter bank.
Regenerative Filters
The filter medium shall be processed washable open cell foamed plastic or plastic bonded synthetic fibre
and shall have a minimum thickness of 15mm. The element shall be supported on plastic coated steel wire
formers with a metal frame. The face velocity shall not exceed 2.25 m/s. Filters of this type shall have an
efficiency of not less than 90% based on the tests specified in BS 2831 with test dust No. 2.
Bag Filters
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The filter shall comprise one or more 600 x 600 filter bag modules fitted into a purpose made galvanised
steel side or front withdrawal frame.
Each module shall comprise a minimum of four separate bags banded or clipped into a galvanised steel
header.
The bags shall have a minimum length of 600mm. and shall be of the fine medium to give an efficiency of
not less than 99.6% based on the tests specified in BS 2831 with test dust No. 2. The medium shall be of
multi-layer type with high mechanical strength. The maximum initial resistance shall be 100 Pa.
Unless otherwise indicated the resistance of the filter shall not exceed 125 Pa under normal operating
conditions; the air velocity through the filter medium shall not exceed 2.5 m/s. Filters of this type shall have
an efficiency of 95% based on the tests specified in BS 2831 with test dust No. 2.
Where the motor and/or gearbox is mounted in the air stream the electrical insulation and/or lubricants shall
be suitable for the temperature range experienced.
A spare roll of filter medium shall be provided for every installed roll.
Grease Eliminators
Grease eliminators shall be of the impingement type comprising fluoropolymer coated adjustable vertical
baffles contained within a stainless steel casing. The bottom of the casing shall comprise a grease collecting
trough, from which a drain shall be provided into a removable stainless steel grease collector.
The baffles shall be supplied in modules with a maximum size of 500mm x 500mm, each readily removable
for cleaning. The use of mesh type grease eliminators will not be permitted.
The efficiency of the filter shall be equal to or better than that indicated and in any case shall be not more
than 0.5% penetration based on the tests specified in BS 2831 with methylene blue or the sodium flame test
specified in BS 3928.
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Where fire protection is required or the air temperature may exceed 200oC the filtering medium shall be
glass fibre paper, and the casing, spacers and seals shall all be of fire-resistant material.
The air velocity at the face of the filter shall not exceed 1.25 m/s. Filter changing arrangements must be such
that dust is not released into the room during the changing operation. Two, or 10% whichever is the greater
spares shall be provided.
The carbon shall be of uniform bed thickness in the panels and shall be sufficiently densely packed to ensure
that no settling down or gaps occur in use. For each rated 0.5m3/s capacity, 20 kg of carbon shall be
provided. The resistance to air flow shall not exceed 125 N/m2.
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1. Fans shall be of the forward curved centrifugal type and may be of aluminium, reinforced glass fibre or
rigid plastic material.
2. Air Filters may be of washable synthetic fibre or cellular plastic material with a minimum thickness of
15mm and shall have a minimum efficiency of 90% when tested in accordance with BS 2831 using test dust
No. 2.
3. Motors shall be quiet running and shall have sleeve bearings factory lubricated for life. Motor windings
and electrical components shall be impregnated or protected to avoid trouble from condensation.
Casings of FCU
Casings shall be of sheet steel not thinner than 1.2mm and shall be protected against corrosion and finished
inside and outside with stoved primer.
Casings of exposed units shall provide sufficient internal space to accommodate valves, controls etc. and
shall incorporate return air grille and directional supply grille. The front panel shall be readily removable for
access.
Concealed units shall be complete with supply air duct spigot and return air plenum. Valves and controls
shall be external to the casing.
Components
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Cooling and heating coils shall be at least two-row and shall include an air cock. All units shall include an
easily removable and replaceable air filter capable of treating the total air volume. Drain pans shall be either
of sheet steel protected against corrosion or of plastic or reinforced glass fibre material and shall be
arranged, and insulated where necessary, so as to ensure that no condensation is formed on the underside.
Drain pans shall be large enough to collect all condensate from the coil, return bends and pipework
connections; they shall be removable and shall have a slight fall to the drain connection.
Arrangement of Units
The arrangement of units, i.e. whether they be wall, floor or ceiling mounted, the position of inlet and outlet
grilles if any, the need for sheet metal casing etc., shall be as indicated elsewhere.
Where units are concealed, the Contractor shall ensure that adequate access is provided for the removal of a
complete unit.
Noise Levels
Casings shall be lined with material to act as both thermal and acoustic insulation (Sections 10 and 11). Fan
and motor assemblies shall be complete with anti-vibration mountings. Noise data shall be provided and
shall be based on tests in accordance with the HVRA Test Code, or similar tests; full details of the testing
technique and procedure shall be given. The data given shall include an octave band analysis of the sound
power level of the unit.
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Casing
This shall consist of a heavy gauge steel chassis with sheet metal casing, minimum thickness 1.2mm and the
whole shall be protected against corrosion and finished inside and outside with stoved primer. Casings shall
include removable panels to provide ready access to all component parts.
Casings shall be lined with material to act as both thermal and acoustic insulation. Fan and motor assembles
shall be complete with anti-vibration mountings. Noise data shall be provided and shall be based on tests in
accordance with the HVRA Test Code, or similar tests; full details of the testing technique and procedure
shall be given. The data shall include an octave band analysis of the sound power level of the unit.
Fans
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Evaporator fans shall be of the belt driven forward curved centrifugal type and be of aluminium or
galvanised steel construction. Split pulleys shall be provided to allow the fan speed to be adjusted.
Condenser fans shall be of the direct driven propeller type, with weatherproof motors.
Air Filters
Air filters shall be 50mm thick synthetic fibre or glass fibre material and shall have a minimum efficiency of
92% when tested in accordance with BS 2831 using test Dust No. 2.
Motors
Motors shall be quiet running and shall have sleeve bearings factory lubricated for life. Motor windings and
electrical components shall be impregnated or protected to avoid trouble from condensation.
Compressors
Compressors shall be hermetic or semi-hermetic type complete with resilient mountings.
Coils
Unless otherwise indicated condenser/evaporator coils shall be formed of copper primary surface tubes with
aluminium secondary surfaces.
Drain trays and condensate disposal shall be as described in the relevant sections of this Specification.
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