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R. N. J a n a , A . S. G u p t a , a n d N. D a t t a
In this note we examine the following unsteady problem In eq. (4), Ux and Uy denote the velocity components
in an elastico-viscous liquid. Consider an infinite plate co- along the x and y axes and v = ~I/P. It should be noted that
inciding with the plane z = 0 and rotating in unision with an due to the nature of the present problem, eq. (2) and (3) do
elastico-viscous liquid occupying the region z > 0 with a not involve any nonlinear terms as are usually introduced by
uniform angular velocity f2 about the z-axis for time t ~< 0. the convected derivative O/6t as well as by the convective
At time t > 0, the plate starts moving with a uniform terms of the substantial derivative D / D t . Thus the problem
velocity U0 along the x-axis relative to the rotating frame of essentially becomes equivalent to one of linear viscoelastic-
reference. The horizontal homogeneity of the problem ity. The initial and boundary conditions are
demands that conditions depend on z and t only. The
equation of continuity together with the no-slip condition at UI=U2=0 for t'~<0, (5)
the plate then shows that the z-component of the velocity
vanishes everywhere. UI=I, U2=0 at z'=0 for t'>0, (6)
For the constitutive equation we adopt Walters' liquid B'
[1] with short memory, given by U1--,0, U2~0 as z'-~c~ for t'>0. (7)
p,~ = 2rle O)ik In what follows we shall omit primes in the foregoing equa-
2 k 0 ~ - e tl)ik , (1)
tions. Eq. (2) and (3) can be combined as
-
where p'ik is the deviatoric stress tensor and cS/Ot denotes the
upper convected differentiation of a tensor. Further r / a n d
k 0 stand for the limiting viscosity at small rates of shear and
Oq ( 1- + 2i.Qq = O, (8)
0U1 (1- k 0 ~ 02/.]1 _ 212'Uz= 0 (2) Using Laplace transform and the conditions
Ot' _ Ot' i/ Oz '2 ' 1
;~(O,p) = ~-, ~(oo,p) = 0 (lo)
where
Eq. (12) gives on using the table of the inverse Laplace trans- ]1/2,
(1 + 4k2Q2) 1/2 + 1
form due to Campbell and Foster [2], t21 =
q(z,t) = ~ [e~berfc(~t -1/2 + at v2) f 2
• exp - +
+ f 7rt J :I 1 + 2ikO
(21)
1 "
1 + 4k2~'22
As t -~ 00, the above equation gives the steady-state skin
+ e-Z t21/2COS(Z~,~I/2) , (16) friction as (1 + i)~1/2, which agrees with the classical result
for Ekman spiral near a plate in a rotating frame (see
Batchelor [4]). It is of interest to have an estimate of the
time which elapses from the start of the plate in the rotating
U2(z, t) = - Q(z, t). I 2 ( n t)-1/2 (A 2 + B 2)-1 frame till the steady state is reached. This can be found as
follows• It is clear from eq. (21) that the steady state is
reached after a time to where
erf 2iOt° = 1.
• exp - + 1+4k2122
1 + 2ikO
_ e-Za v2 sin(zOl/2) ,
(17) Since eft(x) = ] when Ix I = 2, it follows that
where to = 2(1 + 4kZf2z)l/z/I2. (22)
P(z,t) = A 2cos I2 / .--7---+ This shows that for fixed 0 , the time to attain the steady
state increases with the elastic parameter k.
The distinctive feature of the above asymptotic solution is
that the first terms on the right side of eqs. (16) and (17)
confirm the existence of inertial oscillations which decay
+ B 2sin f2 t.--7- + (18) exponentially with time. Eqs. (18) and (19) show that for
1 + 4k2122
large time, the effect of rotation manifests itself through
References
Authors' address:
1. Waiters, K., J. Mecanique 1, 474 (1962).
2. Campbell, G. A., R. M. Foster, Fourier Integrals for Prof. A. S. Gupta et al.
Practical Applications, Van Nostrand (New York 1948). Department of Mathematics
3. Lebedev, N. N., Special Functions and their Applica- Indian Institute of Technology
tions, Prentice Hall (Englewood Cliffs, N. J. 1965). Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal (India)