Larra Marie Pagcaliwagan
STEM 3
PART I – CONTEMPORARY VISUAL ARTS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
LESSON 1: ART AND ITS VISUAL ELEMENTS
 Line
 prolongation of a point, or a mark on a
surface
Solid lines – define a form
Broken lines – suggest hidden forms
 Shape and Mass
 an area with boundaries identified or drawn
using lines
 two-dimensional
Organic shape - shape that is based on natural or
living forms
Geometric shape – based on measured forms
Mass – solid portions of a three-dimensional
object
 Color
 Visual perception that allows a person to
differentiate objects due to the way various
wavelengths of light are reflected.
o Three properties of color:
1. Hue
- refers to the basic or pure color, and is
represented in the color wheel
2. Value
- refers to the lightness or darkness of color
- light color or tint is the result of adding
white to a hue
- dark color or shade results from adding
black to hue
3. Saturation
- Refers to the darkness and dullness of
color
- Purity of a color
- Bright color can be produced by adding
more pigment to the same hue
- Dull color can be produced by adding gray
or the color’s complement to the pigment
Color wheel
 Arrangement of primary, secondary, and
tertiary colors
 Important tool to identify which colors can
work well if used in a certain artwork.
Those sets of colors are referred to as color
schemes or color relationships
Color Schemes
1. Monochromatic
- Uses the same hue but with different
gradients of value
2. Analogous
- The use of three or four adjacent colors in
the color wheel
3. Complementary
- Involves the use of a color and its
complement, meaning the color located
opposite of the first color
4. Triadic
- This color scheme uses three colors that
are of equal distance with each other
5. Tetradic
- Double complementary color scheme
- Uses 2 pairs of complementary colors
 Value
 Refers to lightness or darkness of an area
 Evident in creating shadows for a 2D object
to give an illusion of depth
 Texture
 Feel or appearance of a surface
 Smooth or rough
 Actual texture can be felt tangibly based
on the material that is used for the artwork
 Implied texture can be exhibited, for
instance, in a painting of fur of an animal
 Space
- Area that is occupied by an object or a
subject, as well as the area surrounding
that object or subject
2 types of perspective:
1. Atmospheric perspective – utilizes the
properties of light and air in depicting the
illusion of distance
2. Linear perspective – involves the use of
vanishing points and receding hidden lines
 Time and Motion
 Illusion of movement – more common in
tw0-dimensional artworks
  Actual motion – easily seen in kinetic
sculpture, a type of sculpture that moves
with the wind or are vibrating with the
surrounding air
LESSON 2: PAINTING
Painting
 Process of applying color on a flat surface.
 Two-dimensional, it only has height and
width
 FORMS OF PAINTING
 Easel Painting
 Most common form of painting
 Involves applying color to a board or
canvass that is fixed on an upright support
called an easel
 Meant to be framed and hanged on a wall
after creating them
 Murals
 Described as a huge wall—sized painting
 Portable mural was developed in order to
prevent the mural from being erased from
the wall.
 Portable mural was created by using bold
strokes in applying bright colors on pieces
of cheesecloth or canvas
 Telon painting
 Telon
- backdrop or background for the stage
- used for komedya, sarswela, and sinakulo
 Jeepney and Calesa Painting
 Calesa
- Typically painted using one color
- Its borders are decorated with geometric
patterns, repetitive patterns, and/or thin
lines
 Jeepney painting
- evolved from calesa painting
- its typical subject matter ranges from
landscapes to scenes from comic books
 Collage
 Refers to a form of painting that involves
combine images in a single artwork
 Entails cutting and pasting materials onto a
board or canvass
 THEMES OF PAINTING
 Genre Painting
 Portrays people in daily activities
 Folk genre - mainly focuses on the
everyday activities of the folk
 Folk-naïve – uses of a lot of color and
spontaneity. This was inspired by
children’s art
 Historical Painting
- Depicts a scene from the past
- Often has a lesson concerning national
values
 Interiors
 Painting of the space inside of a part of a
house or a building
 Usually reveals the social class and the
traits of the people living in it
 Landscapes
 Portray natural scenery or urban scenes
 Portraits
 A painting portraying one or more specific
individuals
 Usually portrays the physical
characteristics of the subject and seeks to
show an understanding of that person’s
character
 Nudes
 Portray the unclothed human figure
 Religious painting
 Its common subjects include a lone
religious image, lives of the saints, scenes
based from the Scriptures like the Nativity
scene, and the Stations of the Cross
 Still life
 Painting that depicts natural or man-made
objects that form a composition in a
natural setting
 Artists: Ang Kiukok, Federico Aguilar
Alcuaz, and Manuel Baldemor