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A SUMMARY OF EVIDENCE
:>l
A JL9CTURB DELlVKRftD IN MONTREAL, MARCH, 1 883
>
BY
ROBERT c. Adams
NEW YORK
G . P. PUTNAM'S S
i7 * 99 WEST ajD STREET
EVOLUTION
A SUMMARY OF EVIDENCE
BY
ROBERT C. ADAMS
• » : .
NEW YORK
G. r. PUTNAM'S SONS
27 & 29 WEST 23D STREET
1883
«
Copyright by
ROBERT C. ADAMS
1883
B.Q.R.
* •
91
^3 •
« • • « • • • • •
\i
C p. Putnam's Sons
New York
EVOLUTION.
51133
;
2 EVOLUTION.
Natural Selection,
Sexual Selection,
the rat and the ant-eater, the odd-toed and the even-
toed animals, the whale and the seal, the swine and
the ruminants. An eminent naturalist was asked,
" Do you find the missing links ? " Yes, thousands
**
Unity of Substance.
Embryology.
shape.
. Haeckel in *'
The Evolution of Man," gives a plate
illustrating the development of the fish, salamander,
tortoise, chick, hog, calf, rabbit, and man, which
shows some period there is a correspondence
that at
of form between the embryos of each which demon-
strates their relationship, and can only be explained
by admitting the unity of the nature of all verte-
brates.
What is meaning of these remarkable facts ?
the
Is it probable that the Creator, after making all things
at once in a perfect form, decided that all future
structures should pass through all the gradations of
lower forms before assuming their designed condi-
tions, or do the facts suggest that each hidividtial
declares to us the history of its race ? If in twenty-one
days the chick passes through the forms common to
sponges, and reptiles, does it not sug-
shell-fish, fish,
1 EVOLUTION.
Metamorphosis,
Morphology,
1 EVOLUTION.
Rudimentary Organs,
Strong evidence in favor of the descent of present
species from other forms is furnished by what are
called rudimentary orgajis — imperfectly developed
and useless members. Crabs have eyes at the ends
of stalks, but in the Mammoth Cave are crabs hav-
ing stalks without eyes. Disuse has caused the
eyes to disappear, probably growing smaller in each
generation, but the stalks remain as rudiments and
prove the former possession of eyes by the remote
ancestors of the existing crabs. The right-whale has
teeth before birth, which are gradually absorbed and
disappear. The unborn calf has front teeth in the
upper jaw beneath the gum, but the adults have none.
The natural inference is that the ancestors of whales
and calves had such teeth fully developed. Many
birds, such as the ostrich and penguin, have abortive
wings their conditions of life not requiring the
;
muscles '
so as to expose them ready for action, like
a dog prepared to fight."
Wilson also notes instances of rudiments in the
plant kingdom.
Resemblance,
Mimicry.
forms.
This mimicry of animals is one of the hardest
things to explain upon the special-creation theory.
The Creator supposed to have made all these
is
Distribution.
Geology.
tell no tale."
Threefold Evidence.
Mind,
Speech,
Morals,
Arts.
38 EVOLUTION.
Nebular Hypothesis.
The nebular hypothesis, suggested by Sweden
borg, Buffon, and and systematized by
Kant,
Herschel and La Place, assumes the former existence
of a vaporous matter, extending beyond the orbit of
the farthest planet, which by rotation gradually gained
solidity, throwing off rings which broke up into
highest development —
man, thus establishing the
unity and connection of all nature.
Spontaneous Generation,
life. He says :
'*
Thus, perhaps, all things may be
originated from ether."
40 EVOLUTION.
History of Evolution.
'
< V> ''
PUBLICATIONS OF G. P. PUTNAM'S SONSi
Northern Europe as from Mr. Vincent, who was as fortunate in the selection of the
countries which he visited as in the tact which distinguishes his ot>servations, and
who is to be congratulated both as a writer and as a traveller." K. H. .Stoddard, ,in —
theA^. Y.Eve. Mail.
„»» • * • Fullof interesting and instructive matter. * *' • The book is
entitled to praise."— A^. Y. Herald.
" He writes in an easy, natural style, with the evident aim of telling in a
straightforward way just what he saw and what be thought at the scenes and people
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^
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Graphic studies of life and character by an old rerident^ who han a Vc«n '
sense of humor abd an ezc^tianally picturesque style. ~-\ r
QUESTIONS OF THE DAY.
THE INDEPENDENT MOVEMENT IN NEW YORK> m
an Element in the next Elections and a Problem in Party Govern-
ment. By Junius. Octavo, cloth, fi.oo ;
paper .
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"A clear and forcible presentetion of truth* _„been
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which is verified by reference to theoAete! documenu, consUtutes one of the most
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