Swift Code Cookbook

J.
Shapiro
For
Swift 2.0
Swift
Code Cookbook
Over 120 simple and practical recipes
for Mac OS X and iOS development
Swift
Code Cookbook
John Shapiro
InSilico
Swift Code Cookbook
by John Shapiro 
 
Copyright © 2015 InSili.co. All rights reserved.
 
 
October 2015: First Edition
 
 
Swift is a trademark of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. 
 
While the publisher and the authors have used good faith efforts to ensure
that the information and instructions contained in this work are accurate, the
publisher and the authors disclaim all responsibility for errors or omissions,
including without limitation responsibility for damages resulting from the use
of or reliance on this work. Use of the information and instructions contained
in this work is at your own risk. If any code samples or other technology this
work contains or describes is subject to open source licenses or the intellec-
tual property rights of others, it is your responsibility to ensure that your use
thereof complies with such licenses and/or rights.
Preface
Long textbooks and huge references What this book is:

manuals are nice. But only for taking
up space in our bookcase. • A quick Swift reference
• A collection of useful hand-picked
What most programmers really want code snippets that solve everyday
is a handy pocket book that they can coding problems - all organized by
carry with them, use it for reference at categories
any time and cherry-pick the exact
piece of information they need at that What is included : 
specific moment - pretty much like a
chef which wants to quickly look up 1. Basics
some ingredient and make sure he got 2. Functions
the recipe right.  3. Classes
  4. Closure
And this is how Swift Code Cookbook 5. Strings
was born.  6. Arrays
  7. Dictionaries
What this book is not:  8. Numbers
9. Exceptions
• A real cookbook (if you expect to find 10.Files
your next curry recipe here, I’m sorry 11.Date/Time
but I’ll have to let you down...) 12.Shell
• A complete Swift Reference 13.Web 
• A collection of every possible solu-  
tion to every possible Swift-related
problem you can think of
0 “Start by doing what's necessary;
then do what's possible;
Introduction and suddenly you are doing

the impossible.”
– Francis of Assisi
v
0.1 How to Run Swift
Our first program
So, fire up your favorite editor (if you still haven’t made up your mind – self-promotion com-
ing lol – have a look at Peppermint) and let’s write this very… complicated one line of
code.
print("Hello Swift!");
Now we already have our code file, let’s save this as hello.swift. The next rather logical
question is: how do we actually run this thing?
Executing it
Well, you might be expecting something along the lines of “Open Xcode, etc, etc” – but
since I’m rather old-school and prefer having total control over what goes on, why/how it
is executed, what could be better than doing it straight from the command line? 
So, just open Terminal and let’s go to the location where your hello.swift resides. Now, all
there’s left – provided that you already have Xcode installed – is running our script:
swift hello.swift 
And this is what it looks like:
vi
That was easy, wasn’t it? Pretty much like with any scripting language (see: php, python,
ruby, perl, etc). But wait: is Swift a scripting language? Well, not quite… 
Compiling it
What if we actually want to compile this code of ours and have a binary, which we can
then use — without having to re-compile or having the Swift compiler around?
Let’s see…
xcrun swiftc hello.swift
Super-easy again. Just note the use of swiftc (the swift “compiler”) instead of swift. Now,
if you look again into your folder contents, you’ll notice a single hello binary, which you
can execute – as any normal binary
./hello
And that was it.
0.2 Scripting in Swift
So, can Swift be used for Scripting, pretty much like any regular interpreted language –
like PHP, Python, Ruby, Perl or… even Bash?
Well, here’s the catch: given its speed, it sure can – at least for smaller scripts. Plus, since
Apple has already announced its future release as open-source software (which impli-
es ports to Linux, Windows and the rest of the systems), this makes it a not so Mac-only
thing.
So, the answer is: why not?
vii
Our first “script”
Let’s get started then, with the same… ultra-complex “Hello World” we played with in the
previous section (0.1)
And now let’s add the magic shebang line:
#!/usr/bin/env xcrun swift

print("Hello Swift!")
We save it as hello_script.swift. And that was it.
Executing it
Once we make it “officially” executable by:
sudo chmod +x hello_script.swift
We can now execute it as we would execute any script:
./hello_script.swift
viii
ix
1
Basics “The secret of getting ahead is
getting started.” 
– Mark Twain
1.1 Create a Hello World app
Problem
I want to create a minimal Hello World program in Swift.
Solution 
// Just one line of code

print("Hello World!")
1.2 Declare a constant
Problem
I want to declare a new constant and assign it a value.
Solution 
// This is an Integer constant

let a : Int = 2
// This is a String constant

let b : String = "My string"
// This is an Integer constant - no need to declare a type,

// since it's inferred from the right-hand side value
var c = 5 
 
 
11
1.3 Declare a variable
Problem
I want to declare a new variable (Integer, String, Array, Dictionary) and/or assign it an initial
value.
Solution 
// This is an Integer variable

var a : Int
// This is a String variable, initialized

var b : String = "My string"
// This is an Integer variable - no need to declare a type,

// since it's inferred from the right-hand side value
var c = 2
// An Array variable
var d = [1,2,3]
// Another array - also declaring the type

var e : [String] = ["one","two","three"]
// A Dictionary
var f = ["name": "John", "surname": "Doe"]
// An empty Dictionary
var g : [String:String] = [:]
12
1.4 Write a For loop
Problem
I want to create a For loop.
Solution 
// Creating our loop - C-style
for var x=0; x<10; x++ {

print(x)
}
// Our loop - pure Swift-style
for var y in 0..<10 {

print(y)
}
1.5 Write a While loop
Problem
I want to create a While loop.
Solution 
// Creating our loop
var x = 0
// Count from 0 to 9
while x<10 {
print(x)
x++
}
13
1.6 Write an If-Else statement
Problem
I want to write an if-else conditional statement.
Solution 
// Set a boolean variable

let swiftIsCool = true
if swiftIsCool {
print("Of course it is!")
}
else {
print("Ooops")
}
1.7 Write a Switch-Case statement
Problem
I have a list of different conditions and want to write a Switch-Case statement.
Solution 
let name = "John"
switch name {
// List the different cases
// - no "break" needed
case "John" : print("Hello John!")

case "Jane" : print("Hello Jane!")
default : print("Hello!")
}
14
 
15
2 “When it is obvious that the goals
Functions cannot be reached, don't adjust
the goals, adjust the action steps.”
 
– Confucius
2.1 Declare a function
Problem
I want to declare a new function and call it.
Solution 
// Declare our new function

func myFunc() {
print("Hello from myFunc!")
}
// Call it
myFunc()
2.2 Declare a function with arguments
Problem
I want to declare a new function, which takes some arguments, and then call it.
Solution 

func sayHelloTo(name:String) {
print("Hello \(name)!")
}
// Call it
sayHelloTo("John")
17
2.3 Declare a function with return type
Problem
I want to declare a new function which takes some arguments and returns a result.
Solution 

func multiply(a:Int, with:Int)->Int {
return a*with
}
// Call it
let product = multiply(2, with:5)
print(product)
2.4 Declare a function with default values
Problem
I want to declare a function which takes one or more parameters, with default values.
Solution 
// Declare a function with one parameter

// which has a default value set
func sayHello(whom : String = "World") {
print ("Hello \(whom)!")
}
// Call it without any parameter

// and the 'default' one will be used
sayHello()
// Let's call it again

// with some parameter
sayHello("John")
18
2.5 Declare a function with inout parameters
Problem
I want to declare a function with parameters which it can alter, and call it with a reference.
Solution 
// Declare a function with 'inout' parameters

func append(inout str:String, withString:String) {
str += withString
}
// Declare string variable

var myString = "Hello"
// Call the function with a reference - &

// to our 'myString' variable
append(&myString, withString:" World!")
// The string variable will have now changed

print(myString)
19
2.6 Declare a function with variadic arguments
Problem
I want to declare and call a function which takes a variable number of arguments.
Solution 
// Declare our function which takes

// a variable number of Integer arguments
func sum(numbers: Int...) -> Int {
var result = 0
for number in numbers {
result += number
}
return result
}
// Call it with just 2 parameters

let sum1 = sum(1,2)
print(sum1)
// Call it with even more parameters

let sum2 = sum(1,2,3,4,5,6)
print(sum2)
20
21
3
“Any program is only as good
Classes as it is useful.” 
– Linus Torvalds
3.1 Declare a class
Problem
I want to create a new class and create a new instance of it.
Solution 
// Declare our new class
class myClass {
init() {
// Called when a new object is created
print("A new instance was created!")
}
// Create a new object of myClass

let c = myClass()
23
3.2 Declare a class with functions
Problem
Declare a new class with its own functions/methods, create a new instance and call its
methods from the outside.
Solution 
class mathClass {
func add(a:Int, with:Int)->Int {

return a+with;
}
func multiply(a:Int, with:Int)->Int {

return a*with;
}
}
// Create a new instance of the mathClass

let math = mathClass();
print(math.add(1, with:1));
print(math.multiply(2, with:5));
24
3.3 Declare a class with inheritance
Problem
I have a parent class and want to create another one which "inherits" it.
Solution 
// Create 'parent' class

class Animal {
func sayHello() {
print("Hello")
}
}
// Create a child class

// which 'inherits' our parent class
class Dog : Animal {
// Create a new Dog instance

let myDog = Dog()
// We can also access its parent's methods

myDog.sayHello()
25
3.4 Declare a class with properties
Problem
I want to declare a new class with its own properties, create a new instance and also be
able to access its properties.
Solution 
class myClass {
var myProperty : String
init(prop: String) {
// Called when a new object is created
myProperty = prop
}
// Create a new object of myClass

let c = myClass(prop:"my property")
print(c.myProperty)
26
3.5 Extend an existing class
Problem
I want to extend an existing class and add my own methods/functions to it.
Solution 
// Extend the Int class

extension Int {
// Add a method called 'multiply'

func multiply(x:Int)->Int {
return self*x
}
}
// Now, all our Int's have the extra method

let y = 2.multiply(5)
print(y)
27
3.6 Implement a singleton class
Problem
I want to create a Singleton class.
Solution 
// Creating our Singleton
class SharedManager {
// Declare our 'sharedInstance' property
static let sharedInstance = SomeManager()
// Set an initializer -
// it will only be called once
init() {
print("SomeManager initialized")
}
// Add a test function

func doSth() {
print("I'm doing something")
}
}
// The 'init' function will

// only be called the first time
SharedManager.sharedInstance.doSth()
SharedManager.sharedInstance.doSth()
28
29
4 “Innovation distinguishes  
Closures between a leader and  
a follower.” 
– Steve Jobs
4.1 Declare a closure
Problem
I want to declare and use a simple closure.
Solution 
// Declare our closure

let myClosure = {
print("Hello from myClosure!")
}
// Call it
myClosure()
4.1 Declare a closure with arguments
Problem
I want to declare a closure that takes one or more parameters and/or returns some result.
Solution 
// Declare a closure with 2 integer arguments

// returning an Integer
let multiply = {(x:Int,y:Int)->Int in
return x*y
}
// Call it
let result = multiply(2,5)
print(result)
31
4.1 Use closure as a parameter
Problem
I want to declare a function that takes a closure as a parameter and then call it.
Solution 
// Declare a function
// that takes a closure (with 2 integer parameters)
// as an argument
func doSth(action:(Int,Int)->()) {
// Run the passed 'action'
// with the parameters: 2, 5
action(2,5);
}
// Call it
doSth({(x:Int, y:Int)->() in
print("x * y = \( x * y )")
});
32
33
5 “There is geometry in the humming
Strings of the strings, there is music in the
spacing of the spheres.” 
– Pythagoras
5.1 Declare a string variable
Problem
I want to create a string variable and set its value.
Solution
 
// String literal
var a = "Hello World"
5.2 Append string to string
Problem
I want to append a String to another String.
Solution
 
// String literal
var a = "Hello "
// Append something
a += "World!"
print(a)
35
5.3 Concatenate strings
Problem
I want to concatenate 2 or more strings.
Solution
 
// String literals
let a = "Hello "
// Concatenate them
var c = a + "World!"
print(c)
5.4 Check if 2 strings are equal
Problem
I have two strings and want to check if they are equal (if it's the same string).
Solution
 
// String literals
let s1 = "Hello World"
let s2 = "Hello Guys"
// Check they are the same
if s1==s2 {
print("S1 is the same as S2")
}
else {
print("S1 is not the same as S2")
}
36
5.5 Check if object is a string
Problem
I have an object and want to check if it's a String object.
Solution
 
// String literal
let s = "Hello World"
// Check if 's' is a String
if s is String {
print("Yes, it's a String")
}
5.6 Get the length of a string
Problem
I have a String and want to calculate its length.
Solution
 
// String literal
let s = "Hello world"
// Get the length of the string
let length = s.characters.count

print(length)
37
5.7 Check if string contains string
Problem
I want to check if a string contains another string.
Solution
 
// String literal
// Check if it contains 'Hello'
if s.rangeOfString("Hello") != nil {
print("Yes it contains 'Hello'")
}
5.8 Check if string contains regex
Problem
I want to check if a string contains a specific regular expression.
Solution
 
// String literal
// Check if it contains one or more 'l's
if s.rangeOfString("l+", options: .RegularExpressionSearch) != nil {

print("Yes it does")
}
38
5.9 Check if string has prefix
Problem
Check if string has a given prefix.
Solution
 
// String literal
var a = "Hello World!"
// Check if there is a specific Prefix
if a.hasPrefix("Hell") {
print("Yes, there is")
}
5.10 Check if string has suffix
Problem
Check if string has a given suffix.
Solution
 
// String literal
// Check if there is a specific Suffix
if a.hasSuffix("World!") {
print("Yes, there is")
}
39
5.11 Check if string is empty
Problem
I want to check if a string is empty.
Solution
 
// String literal
// Check if it is empty
if a.isEmpty {
print("Ooops, it's empty")
}
5.12 Use string interpolation
Problem
I have a string and I want to embed variable values within this string.
Solution
 
// String literal
var username = "John"
// Let's print this string

// along with a 'hello' message
print("Hello \(username)");
40
5.13 Convert a string to Lowercase
Problem
I want to convert a string to lowercase.
Solution
 
// String literal
// Lowercase the string

a = a.lowercaseString
print(a)
5.14 Convert a string to Uppercase
Problem
I want to convert a string to uppercase.
Solution
 
// String literal
// uppercase the string

a = a.uppercaseString
print(a)
41
5.15 Capitalize all words in a string
Problem
I have a string and want to capitalize all the "words" in it.
Solution
 
// String literal
let s = "hello horld"
// Replace "World" with "Guys"

let b = s.capitalizedString
print(b)
42
5.16 Compare 2 strings
Problem
I have two strings and want to compare them lexicographically (what comes first in a "dic-
tionary").
Solution
 
// String literals
let s1 = "Hello World"
let s2 = "Hello Guys"
// Compare the 2 strings, lexicographically
if s1<s2 {
print("S1 comes before S2")
}
else {
print("S1 comes after S2")
}
43
5.17 Loop through characters in string
Problem
I have a String and want to iterate through its characters.
Solution
 
// Initialize the Array
var str = "Hello World"
// Loop through its individual characters
str.characters.forEach {
print($0)
}
5.18 Get substring from range
Problem
I have a string and want to retrieve a substring found within a specific range.
Solution
 
// String literal
// Get the substring from position 6

// to the end: 'World'
let sub = s[s.startIndex.advancedBy(6)..<s.endIndex]

print(s)

44
5.19 Replace string in string
Problem
I have a string and want to replace all occurrences of a substring with another string.
Solution
 
// String literal
// Replace "World" with "Guys"
let b = s.stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString("World", withString:"Guys")

print(b)
5.20 Reverse a string
Problem
I have a string and want to reverse it (with all of its characters in the reverse order).
Solution
 
// String literal
// Reverse its characters
let reversed = String(s.characters.reverse())

print(reversed)
45
5.21 Repeat a string
Problem
I want to repeat a string several times.
Solution
 
// String literal
var s : String
// Set 's' to 5 x "Hello"
for var i in 0..<5 {

s += "Hello"
}
print(s)
5.22 Split a string by another string
Problem
I have a String and I want to split it, by using another string, into an array of sub-strings.
Solution
 
// String literals
// Split it by "o"
var a = s.componentsSeparatedByString("o")
print(a)
46
5.23 Trim whitespace from a string
Problem
I want to remove all leading and trailing whitespace from a string.
Solution
 
// String literal
var s = " Hello World! "
// Trim all whitespace
s = s.stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet(NSCharacterSet.whitespaceCharacterSet())
print(s)
5.24 Generate a unique identifier
Problem
I want to create a random UUID (unique identifier string).
Solution
 
// Create the Unique Identifier
let uuid = NSUUID().UUIDString

print(s)
47
48
6
“Great things are done by a series
Arrays of small things brought together.” 
– Vincent Van Gogh

6.1 Create an empty array
Problem
I want to create/initialize an empty Array.
Solution
 
// Initialize the Array - Solution A
let a1 = [Int]()
// Initialize the Array - Solution B

let a2 : [Int] = []
6.2 Create an array with values
Problem
I want to create a new Array and set some values.
Solution
 
let a = [“one”,”two”,”three”];
print(a)
50
6.3 Append item to array
Problem
I want to append an item to an existing Array.
Solution
 
var a = [1,2,3]
// Append another item - solution A

a += [4]
// Append another item - solution B

a.append(5)
print(a)
6.4 Append array to array
Problem
I want to append an Array to another Array.
Solution
 
var a = [1,2,3]
// Append another array

a += [4,5,6]
print(a)

51
6.5 Set array element at index
Problem
I have an array and want to set a new value to one of its elements, by index.
Solution
 
var arr = ["one", "two", "three"]
// Set element at index: 1

arr[1] = "TWO"
print(arr)
6.6 Get array element at index
Problem
I have an array and want to a get a specific element, by index.
Solution
 
// Get element at index: 1

print(arr[1])
52
6.7 Get first element from array
Problem
I want to get the first element of an Array.
Solution
 
let arr = ["one", "two", "three"]
// Get the first element

let firstElement = arr.first
print(firstElement)
6.8 Get last element from array
Problem
I want to get the last element of an Array.
Solution
 
let arr = ["one", "two", "three"]
// Get the last element

let lastElement = arr.last
print(lastElement)
53
6.9 Check if object is an array
Problem
I have an object and want to check if it's an Array object.
Solution
 
// Initialize the array
let arr = [1,2,3]
// Check if 'arr' is an Array
if arr is Array {
print("Yes, it's an Array")
}
6.10 Remove all items from array
Problem
I want to remove all elements from an existing array.
Solution
 
var a = [1,2,3]
// Remove all elements
a.removeAll()
print(a)
54
6.11 Remove item at array index
Problem
I have an Array and want to delete an item at a specifix index position.
Solution
 
var a = [1,2,3]
// Remove item at index: 2

a.removeAtIndex(2)
print(a)
6.12 Remove item from array by value
Problem
I have an array and want to remove one (or more) element based on a specific value.
Solution
 
var a = ["one", "two", "three"]
// Remove/filter item with value 'two'
a = a.filter { $0 != "two" }
print(a)
55
6.13 Remove duplicates from array
Problem
I have an array and want to remove all duplicate elements.
Solution
 
var a = [1,2,3,4,5,2,4,1,4,3,6,5]
// Remove duplicates:
// first by converting to a Set
// and then back to Array
a = Array(Set(a))
print(a)
6.14 Reduce array to a single value
Problem
I have an array and want to recursively perform a specific action on all elements and get
one single value/result.
Solution
 
var a = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
// Recursively perform the defined action ($0 + $1)

// to all elements and get result
var sum = a.reduce(0) { $0 + $1 }

print(sum)
56
6.15 Loop through array
Problem
I have an array and want to iterate through all of its elements.
Solution
 
// Iterate through the array
for element in arr {

print(element)
}
6.16 Loop through array with index
Problem
I have an array and want to iterate through all of its elements, by knowing the index of
each element.
Solution
 
// Iterate through the array

// keeping track of the elements' index
for (index,element) in arr.enumerate() {

print("\(index) = \(element)")
}
57
6.17 Get the size of an array
Problem
I have an Array and want to calculate its size/capacity (how many elements it contains).
Solution
 
var a = [1,2,3]
// Get the size of the array
let size = a.count

print(size)
6.18 Find element index in array by value
Problem
I have an Array and want to get the index of the first occurrence (if any) of a specific ele-
ment.
Solution
 
let arr = ["one", "two", "three", "four"]
// Find first occurence of "two" (if any)

var location = arr.indexOf("two")
print(location!)
58
6.19 Get minimum element from array
Problem
I have an array and want to get the minimum element (lowest value).
Solution
 
var a = [1,2,3,4,5]
// Get minimum element
var min = a.minElement()
print(min!)
6.20 Get maximum element from array
Problem
I have an array and want to get the maximum element (highest value).
Solution
 
var a = [1,2,3,4,5]
// Get maximum element
var min = a.maxElement()
print(min!)
59
6.21 Check if array is empty
Problem
I want to check if an Array is empty.
Solution
 
var a = [1,2,3]
// Check if it is empty
if a.isEmpty {
print("Ooops, it's empty")
}
else {
print("No, it's not empty")
}
6.22 Check if array contains element
Problem
I want to check if an array contains a specific value/element.
Solution
 
var a = [1,2,3,4,5]
// Check if it contains the number '6'

if a.contains(6) {
print("Yes, it does contain number 6")
}
else {
print("No, it doesn't")
}
60
6.23 Check if 2 arrays are equal
Problem
I have two arrays and want to check if they are equal (if it's the same array, with all ele-
ments in the same order).
Solution
 
// Initialize the Arrays
let a1 = [1, 2, 3]
let a2 = [2, 3, 1]
// Check if they are the same
if a1==a2 {
print("S1 is the same as S2")
}
else {
print("S1 is not the same as S2")
}
6.24 Concatenate arrays
Problem
I want to concatenate 2 or more arrays.
Solution
 
// Initialize the first Array
let a = [1,2,3]
// Concatenate them
var b = a + [4,5,6]
print(b)
61
6.25 Insert item at array index
Problem
I have an Array and want to insert a new item at a specifix index position.
Solution
 
var a = [1,2,3]
// Insert value '6' at index '2'

a.insert(6, atIndex:2)
print(a)
6.26 Swap 2 elements in array
Problem
I have an array and want to swap two of its elements, by index.
Solution
 
var arr = ["one", "two", "three", "four", "five"]
// Swap elements at index: 2 and 3
swap(&arr[2], &arr[3])
print(arr)
62
6.27 Filter an array based on condition
Problem
I have an array and want to filter its elements based on a defined condition.
Solution
 
var a = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
// Get only even numbers: X % 2 = 0
a = a.filter { $0 % 2 == 0 }
print(a)
6.28 Join array elements using separator
Problem
I have an array and want to join its elements in a string, using a specific separator.
Solution
 
var a = ["one", "two", "three"]
// Join array elements

// using ':' as separator
var str = a.joinWithSeparator(":")

print(str)
63
6.29 Map an array to another array
Problem
I have an array and want to map it to a different array, based on a given transformation.
Solution
 
var a = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
// Map values to their doubles: 1->2, 2->4, etc.
var b = a.map { $0 * 2 }
print(b)
6.30 Pop last item from array
Problem
I have an Array and want to pop (delete and return) its last element.
Solution
 
var a = [1,2,3]
// Remove last item

let lastItem = a.removeLast()
print(lastItem)
print(a)
64
6.31 Sort array in ascending order
Problem
I have an Array and want to sort it (numeric or lexicographically) in ascending order.
Solution
 
var a = [6,3,2,1,5,4]
// Sort (ascending) its elements
a = a.sort { $0 < $1 }
print(a)
6.32 Sort array in descending order
Problem
I have an Array and want to sort it (numeric or lexicographically) in descending order.
Solution
 
var a = [6,3,2,1,5,4]
// Sort (descending) its elements
a = a.sort { $0 > $1 }
print(a)
65
6.33 Reverse an array
Problem
I have an Array and want to reverse it (reverse the order of its contents).
Solution
 
var a = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
// Reverse its contents
a = a.reverse()
print(a)
66
67
7
“Impossible is a word to be found
Dictionaries only in the dictionary of fools.”
– Napoleon Bonaparte
7.1 Create an empty dictionary
Problem
I want to create/initialize an empty Dictionary.
Solution
 
// Initialize the Dictionary - Solution A
let d1 = [String:String]()
// Initialize the Dictionary - Solution B

let d2 : [String:String] = [:]
7.2 Create a dictionary with values
Problem
I want to create a new Dictionary and set some keys-values.
Solution
 
// Initialize the Dictionary
let d = [”username”:”drkameleon”, “email”:”drkameleon@gmail.com”]
print(d)
69
7.3 Add item to dictionary
Problem
I have a Dictionary and want to add a new key-value pair.
Solution
 
var dict = ["name": "John", "surname": "Doe"]
// Add a new key with a value
dict["email"] = "john.doe@email.com"
print(dict)
7.4 Set dictionary element for key
Problem
I have a Dictionary and want to set a new value to one of its elements, by key.
Solution
 
// Set the element with key: 'name' to 'Jane'
dict["name"] = "Jane"
print(dict)
70
7.5 Get dictionary value for key
Problem
I have a Dictionary and want to get a specific value, by key.
Solution
 
// Get element for key "name"
print(dict["name"])
7.6 Check if object is a dictionary
Problem
I have an object and want to check if it's a Dictionary object.
Solution
 
// Initialize the dictionary
let dict = ["name":"John", "surname":"Doe"]
// Check if 'dict' is a Dictionary
if dict is Dictionary {
print("Yes, it's a Dictionary")
}
71
7.7 Get array of keys in dictionary
Problem
I have a dictionary and want to get an array of all its keys.
Solution
 
let dict = ["name": "John", "surname": "Doe"]
// Get array of keys
var keys = Array(dict.keys)

print(keys)
7.8 Get array of values in dictionary
Problem
I have a dictionary and want to get an array of all its values.
Solution
 
// Get array of values
var keys = Array(dict.values)

print(keys)
72
7.9 Remove all items from dictionary
Problem
I want to remove all elements from an existing dictionary.
Solution
 
// Remove all elements
dict.removeAll()
print(dict)
7.10 Remove item from dictionary with key
Problem
I have a Dictionary and want to delete an item with a specific key.
Solution
 
// Remove item with key 'name'
dict.removeValueForKey("name")
print(dict)
73
7.11 Loop through dictionary
Problem
I have a Dictionary and want to iterate through all of its elements.
Solution
 
// Iterate through the dictionary
for (key,value) in dict {

print("\(key) = \(value)")
}
7.12 Get the size of a dictionary
Problem
I have a Dictionary and want to calculate its size/capacity (how many key-value pairs it
contains).
Solution
 
// Get the size of the dictionary
let size = dict.count

print(size)
74
7.13 Check if 2 dictionaries are equal
Problem
I have two dictionaries and want to check if they are equal (if it's the same dictionary, with
the exact same key-value pairs).
Solution
 
// Initialize the Dictionaries
let d1 = ["name": "John", "surname": "Doe"]
let d2 = ["name": "Jane", "surname": "Doe"]
// Check if they are the same
if d1==d2 {
print("D1 is the same as D2")
}
else {
print("D1 is not the same as D2")
}
75
76
8 “A computer would deserve to be
called intelligent if it could deceive
Numbers a human into believing that it was

human.” 
– Alan Turing
8.1 Calculate power of a number
Problem
I want to calculate the power of a number: X^Y.
Solution 
// Set the number

let n = 4.0
// Get the power n^2

let pwr = pow(n,2)
print(pwr)
8.2 Calculate square root of a number
Problem
I want to calculate the square root of a given number.
Solution 
// Set the number

let n = 4.0
// Get the square root

let sq = sqrt(n)
print(sq)
78
8.3 Convert integer to string
Problem
I have an integer and want to convert it to its string equivalent.
Solution 
// Integer value
let n = 1986
// Get String value from integer

var s = String(n)
print(s)
8.4 Convert string to integer
Problem
I have a string and want to parse its integer value (if any).
Solution 
 
// String literal
let s = "1986"
// Get Integer value from string

var n = Int(s)
// It's an Optional Int -

// in case the conversion goes wrong
print(n!)// Integer value
let n = 1986
// Get String value from integer

var s = String(n)
print(s)
79
8.5 Convert radians to degrees
Problem
I want to convert radians to degrees.
Solution
 
// Declare radiansToDegrees function
func radiansToDegrees (radians: Double)->Double {
return radians * 180 / M_PI
}
// Get degrees for radians

var degrees = radiansToDegrees(1)
print(degrees)
8.6 Generate a random number
Problem
I want to generate a random number, between 0 and N-1.
Solution
 
// Generate a random number
// between 0 and 9 (10-1)
let rand = Int(arc4random_uniform(10))
print(rand)
80
81
9
“Simplicity is prerequisite
Exceptions for reliability.” 
– Edsger W. Dijkstra
9.1 Handle exceptions
Problem
I want to handle possible exceptions/errors, using a Do-Catch statement.
Solution
 
// Let's try reading from a file
do {
let contents = try NSString(contentsOfFile: "myfile.txt",
encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
print(contents)
}
catch let error as NSError {
// Catch a possible error
print("Ooops! Something went wrong: \(error)")

}
83
9.2 Throw and catch exceptions
Problem
I want to create a functions that throws an error and then be able to "catch" it, using a Do-
Catch statement.
Solution
 
// Declare our error type
enum MyError: ErrorType {
case NumberIsLower
case NumberIsGreater
}
// Declare a function
// that throws an exception
func testFunc(a: Int) throws {
if a<10 {
throw MyError.NumberIsLower
}
else if a>10 {
throw MyError.NumberIsGreater
}
else {
print("Great!")
}
}
// Try calling it
// and catch all possible exceptions
do {
try testFunc(5)
}
catch MyError.NumberIsLower {
print("Ooops! Number was lower than 10")
}
catch MyError.NumberIsGreater {
print("Ooops! Number was greater than 10")
}
84
85
10 “The first principle is that you must
Files not fool yourself and you are the
easiest person to fool.” 
– Richard P. Feynman
10.1 Check if file exists
Problem
I want to check if a file/folder exists at a specific location.
Solution
 
// Create a FileManager instance
let fileManager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
// Check if file exists, given its path
if fileManager.fileExistsAtPath("hello.swift") {
print("File exists")
} else {
print("File not found")
}

10.2 Check if file is executable
Problem
I want to check if file, at a specific location, is executable.
Solution
 
if fileManager.isExecutableFileAtPath("hello.swift") {
print("File is executable")
} else {
print("File is not executable")
}
87
10.3 Check if file is writable
Problem
I want to check if file, at a specific location, is writable.
Solution
 
if fileManager.isWritableFileAtPath("hello.swift") {
print("File is writable")
} else {
print("File is read-only")
}
10.4 Copy file to location
Problem
I have a file a want to copy to some specific location.
Solution
 
// Copy 'hello.swift' to 'subfolder/hello.swift'
do {
try fileManager.copyItemAtPath("hello.swift", toPath: "subfolder/hello.swift")
}
}
88
10.5 Create a folder
Problem
I want to create a new directory at a specific location.
Solution
 
// Create 'subfolder' directory
do {
try fileManager.createDirectoryAtPath("subfolder",
withIntermediateDirectories: true,
attributes: nil)
}
}
89
10.6 Delete a file/folder
Problem
I want to delete/remove a file or folder at a given location.
Solution
 
// Delete 'hello.swift' file
do {
try fileManager.removeItemAtPath("hello.swift")
}
}
10.7 Get current directory path
Problem
I want to get the current directory path.
Solution
 
// Get current directory path
let path = fileManager.currentDirectoryPath

print(path)
90
10.8 Get temporary directory path
Problem
I want to get the path the temporary directory, where I can store my temp files.
Solution
 
// Get temporary directory path
let path = NSTemporaryDirectory() as String

print(path)
10.9 Get attributes of file
Problem
I want to get the attributes of a files, at given location: creation date, file type, owner, etc.
Solution
 
// Get attributes of 'myfile.txt' file
do {
let attributes = try fileManager.attributesOfItemAtPath("myfile.txt")
print(attributes)
}
}
91
10.10 Get directory contents
Problem
I want to get directory contents, at a specific path.
Solution
 
// Get contents in directory: '.' (current one)
do {
let files = try fileManager.contentsOfDirectoryAtPath(".")
print(files)
}
}
92
10.11 Move file to different location
Problem
I want to move a file, from its original location, to a different one.
Solution
 
// Move 'hello.swift' to 'subfolder/hello.swift'
do {
try fileManager.moveItemAtPath("hello.swift",
toPath: "subfolder/hello.swift")
}
}
93
10.12 Rename a file
Problem
I have a file and want to rename it.
Solution
 
// Rename 'hello.swift' as 'goodbye.swift'
do {
try fileManager.moveItemAtPath("hello.swift",
toPath: "goodbye.swift")
}
}
94
10.13 Read string from file
Problem
I have a text file and want to read its contents into a String.
Solution
 
// Set the file path
let path = "myfile.txt"
do {
// Get the contents
let contents = try NSString(contentsOfFile: path,
print(contents)
}
}
95
10.14 Write string to file
Problem
I have a text file and want to read its contents into a String.
Solution
 
// Set the file path
let path = "myfile.txt"
// Set the contents

let contents = "Here are my file's contents"
do {
// Write contents to file
try contents.writeToFile(path,
atomically: false,
}
}
96
10.15 Read data from file
Problem
I have a file and want to read its data.
Solution
 
// Create a FileHandle instance
let file: NSFileHandle? = NSFileHandle(forReadingAtPath: "hello.swift")
if file != nil {
// Read all the data
let data = file?.readDataToEndOfFile()
// Close the file

file?.closeFile()
// Convert our data to string

let str = NSString(data: data!, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
print(str!)
}
else {
print("Ooops! Something went wrong!")
}
97
10.16 Write data to file
Problem
I have some data and want to write it to a file.
Solution
 
// Create a FileHandle instance
let file: NSFileHandle? = NSFileHandle(forWritingAtPath: "output.txt")
if file != nil {
// Set the data we want to write
let data = ("Silentium est aureum" as NSString).
dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding)
// Write it to the file

file?.writeData(data!)
// Close the file

file?.closeFile()
}
else {
print("Ooops! Something went wrong!")
}
98
99
11 “Do not dwell in the past, do not
Date/Time dream of the future, concentrate
the mind on the present moment.”
 
– Buddha
11.1 Get NSDate for current date
Problem
I want to get the NSDate object for current date/time.
Solution
 
// Get NSDate for current date
let date = NSDate()
print(date)
11.2 Create NSDate from day/month/year
Problem
I want to create an NSDate object using the values for day, month and year.
Solution
 
// Initialize Date components
var c = NSDateComponents()
c.year = 2015
c.month = 8
c.day = 31
// Get NSDate given the above date components

var date = NSCalendar(identifier: NSCalendarIdentifierGregorian)?.dateFromComponents(c)
print(date!)
101
11.3 Get Unix timestap for current date
Problem
I want to get the Unix timestamp for current date/time.
Solution
 
// Get the Unix timestamp
let timestamp = NSDate().timeIntervalSince1970
print(timestamp)
11.4 Get NSDate from string using format
Problem
I have a Date string and want to convert it to an NSDate object, using a specific date for-
mat.
Solution
 
// Initialize Date string
var dateStr = "2015-08-25"
// Set date format

var dateFmt = NSDateFormatter()
dateFmt.timeZone = NSTimeZone.defaultTimeZone()
dateFmt.dateFormat = "yyyy-MM-dd"
// Get NSDate for the given string

var date = dateFmt.dateFromString(dateStr)
print(date!)
102
11.5 Compare 2 dates
Problem
I have two NSDate objects and want to compare them: see if they are equal, or which one
is earlier/later.
Solution
 
// Get current date
let dateA = NSDate()
// Get a later date (after a couple of milliseconds)

let dateB = NSDate()
// Compare them
switch dateA.compare(dateB) {
case .OrderedAscending : print("Date A is earlier than date B")
case .OrderedDescending : print("Date A is later than date B")
case .OrderedSame : print("The two dates are the same")
}
103
104
12 “Your pain is the breaking of
Shell the shell that encloses
your understanding.” 
– Khalil Gibran
12.1 Get command line arguments
Problem
I want to get the arguments passed to the command line.
Solution
 
// Loop through the command line arguments
// Process.arguments[0] is the Swift script
for arg in Process.arguments {

print(arg)
}

106
12.2 Execute a shell command
Problem
I want to execute a shell command (as in the terminal) and get its output.
Solution
 
// Create a Task instance
let task = NSTask()
// Set the task parameters

task.launchPath = "/usr/bin/env"
task.arguments = ["pwd"]
// Create a Pipe and make the task

// put all the output there
let pipe = NSPipe()
task.standardOutput = pipe
// Launch the task

task.launch()
// Get the data

let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
let output = NSString(data: data, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
print(output!)

107
12.3 Execute a shell task asynchronously
Problem
I want to execute an asynchronous shell task and be able to process both the available
data (sent by the task) and the final output.
Solution
 
let task = NSTask()
// Set the task parameters

task.launchPath = "/usr/bin/env"
task.arguments = ["ls", "-la"]
// Create a Pipe and make the task

// put all the output there
let pipe = NSPipe()
task.standardOutput = pipe
let outputHandle = pipe.fileHandleForReading

outputHandle.waitForDataInBackgroundAndNotify()
// When new data is available

var dataAvailable : NSObjectProtocol!
dataAvailable =
NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().addObserverForName(NSFileHandleDataAvailableNotific
ation,
object: outputHandle, queue: nil) { notification -> Void in
let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.availableData
if data.length > 0 {
if let str = NSString(data: data, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding) {
print("Task sent some data: \(str)")
}
outputHandle.waitForDataInBackgroundAndNotify()
} else {
NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().removeObserver(dataAvailable)
}
}
// When task has finished

var dataReady : NSObjectProtocol!
108
dataReady =
NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().addObserverForName(NSTaskDidTerminateNotification,
object: pipe.fileHandleForReading, queue: nil) { notification -> Void in
print("Task terminated!")
NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter().removeObserver(dataReady)
}
// Launch the task

task.launch()

109
110
13 “The sea, once it casts its spell,
Web holds one in its net of wonder
forever.” 
– Jacques Yves Cousteau

13.1 Download a webpage
Problem
I want to download the source (HTML) of a specific web page, given its complete URL.
Solution
 
// Set the page URL we want to download
let URL = NSURL(string: "http://iswift.org")
// Try downloading it
do {
let htmlSource = try String(contentsOfURL: URL!,
print(htmlSource)
}
}
112
13.2 Make an HTTP request
Problem
I want to make a synchronous HTTP request, given a target URL.
Solution
 
// Set the URL where we're making the request
let request = NSURLRequest(URL: NSURL(string: "http://iswift.org")!)

do {
// Perform the request
var response : AutoreleasingUnsafeMutablePointer<NSURLResponse?> = nil
let data = try NSURLConnection.sendSynchronousRequest(request,
returningResponse: response)
// Get data as string

let str = NSString(data: data,
print(str)
}
}
113
13.3 Make an HTTP request asynchronously
Problem
I want to make an asynchronous HTTP request, given a target URL.
Solution
 
// Set the URL where we're making the request
let request = NSURLRequest(URL: NSURL(string: "http://iswift.org")!)
// Perform the request

NSURLConnection.sendAsynchronousRequest(request, queue: NSOperationQueue(),
completionHandler:{
(response: NSURLResponse?, data: NSData?, error: NSError?)-> Void in
// Get data as string

let str = NSString(data: data!, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
print(str)
}
);
114
115
X
“This is the end, 
Appendix my only friend, the end...”
– The Doors
cxvi
X.1 Standard Swift Library
• abs(x: T) -> T
• alignof(T.Type) -> Int
• alignofValue(T) -> Int
• anyGenerator(base: G) -> AnyGenerator<G.Element>
• anyGenerator(body: () -> Element?() -> Element?) -> AnyGenerator<Element>
• assert(condition: Bool) -> Void
• assert(condition: Bool, message: String) -> Void
• assertionFailure() -> Void
• assertionFailure(message: String) -> Void
• debugPrint(items: Any...) -> Void
• debugPrint(items: Any..., separator: String, terminator: String) -> Void
• debugPrint(items: Any..., separator: String, terminator: String, toStream: &Target) -> Void
• debugPrint(items: Any..., toStream: &Target) -> Void
• dump(x: T) -> T
• dump(x: T, &targetStream: TargetStream) -> T
• dump(x: T, &targetStream: TargetStream, name: String?, indent: Int, maxDepth: Int, max-
Items: Int) -> T
cxvii
• dump(x: T, name: String?, indent: Int, maxDepth: Int, maxItems: Int) -> T
• fatalError() -> Void
• fatalError(message: String) -> Void
• getVaList(args: [CVarArgType]) -> CVaListPointer
• isUniquelyReferenced(&object: T) -> Bool
• isUniquelyReferencedNonObjC(&object: T) -> Bool
• isUniquelyReferencedNonObjC(&object: T?) -> Bool
• max(x: T, y: T) -> T
• max(x: T, y: T, z: T, rest: T...) -> T
• min(x: T, y: T) -> T
• min(x: T, y: T, z: T, rest: T...) -> T
• numericCast(x: T) -> U
• precondition(condition: Bool) -> Void
• precondition(condition: Bool, message: String) -> Void
• preconditionFailure() -> Void
• preconditionFailure(message: String) -> Void
• print(items: Any...) -> Void
• print(items: Any..., separator: String, terminator: String) -> Void
• print(items: Any..., separator: String, terminator: String, toStream: &Target) -> Void
cxviii
• print(items: Any..., toStream: &Target) -> Void
• readLine() -> String?
• readLine(stripNewline: Bool) -> String?
• sizeof(T.Type) -> Int
• sizeofValue(T) -> Int
• strideof(T.Type) -> Int
• strideofValue(T) -> Int
• swap(&a: T, &b: T) -> Void
• transcode(inputEncoding: InputEncoding.Type, outputEncoding: OutputEncoding.Type,

input: Input, output: (OutputEncoding.CodeUnit) -> ()(OutputEncoding.CodeUnit) -> (),
stopOnError: Bool) -> Bool
• unsafeAddressOf(object: AnyObject) -> UnsafePointer<Void>
• unsafeBitCast(x: T, U.Type) -> U
• unsafeDowncast(x: AnyObject) -> T
• unsafeUnwrap(nonEmpty: T?) -> T
• withExtendedLifetime(x: T, f: () throws -> Result() throws -> Result) -> Result
• withExtendedLifetime(x: T, f: T throws -> ResultT throws -> Result) -> Result
• withUnsafeMutablePointer(&arg: T, body: UnsafeMutablePointer<T> throws -> Resul-

tUnsafeMutablePointer<T> throws -> Result) -> Result
• withUnsafeMutablePointers(&arg0: A0, &arg1: A1, &arg2: A2, body: (UnsafeMutable-

Pointer<A0>, UnsafeMutablePointer<A1>, UnsafeMutablePointer<A2>) throws -> Re-
cxix
sult(UnsafeMutablePointer<A0>, UnsafeMutablePointer<A1>, UnsafeMutable-
Pointer<A2>) throws -> Result) -> Result
• withUnsafeMutablePointers(&arg0: A0, &arg1: A1, body: (UnsafeMutablePointer<A0>,

UnsafeMutablePointer<A1>) throws -> Result(UnsafeMutablePointer<A0>, UnsafeMuta-
blePointer<A1>) throws -> Result) -> Result
• withUnsafePointer(&arg: T, body: UnsafePointer<T> throws -> ResultUnsafePointer<T>

throws -> Result) -> Result
• withUnsafePointers(&arg0: A0, &arg1: A1, &arg2: A2, body: (UnsafePointer<A0>, Un-

safePointer<A1>, UnsafePointer<A2>) throws -> Result(UnsafePointer<A0>, Unsafe-
Pointer<A1>, UnsafePointer<A2>) throws -> Result) -> Result
• withUnsafePointers(&arg0: A0, &arg1: A1, body: (UnsafePointer<A0>, Unsafe-

Pointer<A1>) throws -> Result(UnsafePointer<A0>, UnsafePointer<A1>) throws -> Re-
sult) -> Result
• withVaList(args: [CVarArgType], f: CVaListPointer -> RCVaListPointer -> R) -> R
• withVaList(builder: VaListBuilder, f: CVaListPointer -> RCVaListPointer -> R) -> R
• zip(sequence1: Sequence1, sequence2: Sequence2) -> Zip2Sequence<Sequence1, Se-

quence2>
cxx
X.2 Strings
• append(c: Character) -> Void
• append(x: UnicodeScalar) -> Void
• appendContentsOf(newElements: S) -> Void
• appendContentsOf(other: String) -> Void
• characters: String.CharacterView
• debugDescription: String
• endIndex: Index
• hashValue: Int
• hasPrefix(prefix: String) -> Bool
• hasSuffix(suffix: String) -> Bool
• insert(newElement: Character, atIndex: Index) -> Void
• insertContentsOf(newElements: S, at: Index) -> Void
• isEmpty: Bool
• lowercaseString: String
• nulTerminatedUTF8: ContiguousArray<CodeUnit>
• removeAll() -> Void
cxxi
• removeAll(keepCapacity: Bool) -> Void
• removeAtIndex(i: Index) -> Character
• removeRange(subRange: Range<Index>) -> Void
• replaceRange(subRange: Range<Index>, with: C) -> Void
• replaceRange(subRange: Range<Index>, with: String) -> Void
• reserveCapacity(n: Int) -> Void
• startIndex: Index
• unicodeScalars: String.UnicodeScalarView
• uppercaseString: String
• utf16: String.UTF16View
• utf8: String.UTF8View
• withCString(f: UnsafePointer<Int8> throws -> ResultUnsafePointer<Int8> throws -> Re-

sult) -> Result
• withMutableCharacters(body: (inout String.CharacterView) -> R(inout

String.CharacterView) -> R) -> R
• write(other: String) -> Void
• writeTo(&target: Target) -> Void
cxxii
X.3 Arrays
• append(newElement: Int) -> Void
• appendContentsOf(newElements: C) -> Void
• appendContentsOf(newElements: S) -> Void
• capacity: Int
• contains(element: Self.Generator.Element) -> Bool
• contains(predicate: (Self.Generator.Element) throws -> Bool(Self.Generator.Element)

throws -> Bool) -> Bool
• count: Int
• description: String
• dropFirst() -> Self.SubSequence
• dropFirst(n: Int) -> Self.SubSequence
• dropFirst(n: Int) -> AnySequence<Self.Generator.Element>
• dropLast() -> Self.SubSequence
• dropLast(n: Int) -> AnySequence<Self.Generator.Element>
• dropLast(n: Int) -> Self.SubSequence
• elementsEqual(other: OtherSequence) -> Bool
cxxiii
• elementsEqual(other: OtherSequence, isEquivalent: (Self.Generator.Element,
Self.Generator.Element) throws -> Bool(Self.Generator.Element, Self.Generator.Element)
• endIndex: Int
• enumerate() -> EnumerateSequence<Self>
• filter(includeElement: (Self.Generator.Element) throws -> Bool(Self.Generator.Element)

throws -> Bool) -> [Self.Generator.Element]
• first: Self.Generator.Element?
• flatMap(transform: (Self.Generator.Element) throws -> S(Self.Generator.Element) throws

-> S) -> [S.Generator.Element]
• flatMap(transform: (Self.Generator.Element) throws -> T?(Self.Generator.Element) throws

-> T?) -> [T]
• forEach(body: (Self.Generator.Element) throws -> ()(Self.Generator.Element) throws -> ())

-> Void
• generate() -> IndexingGenerator<Self>
• indexOf(element: Self.Generator.Element) -> Self.Index?
• indexOf(predicate: (Self.Generator.Element) throws -> Bool(Self.Generator.Element)

throws -> Bool) -> Self.Index?
• indices: Range<Self.Index>
• insert(newElement: Int, atIndex: Int) -> Void
• insertContentsOf(newElements: C, at: Self.Index) -> Void
• isEmpty: Bool
cxxiv
• last: Self.Generator.Element?
• lazy: LazyCollection<Self>
• lexicographicalCompare(other: OtherSequence) -> Bool
• lexicographicalCompare(other: OtherSequence, isOrderedBefore:

(Self.Generator.Element, Self.Generator.Element) throws -> Bool(Self.Generator.Element,
Self.Generator.Element) throws -> Bool) -> Bool
• map(transform: (Self.Generator.Element) throws -> T(Self.Generator.Element) throws ->

T) -> [T]
• maxElement() -> Self.Generator.Element?
• maxElement(isOrderedBefore: (Self.Generator.Element, Self.Generator.Element) throws

-> Bool(Self.Generator.Element, Self.Generator.Element) throws -> Bool) ->
Self.Generator.Element?
• minElement() -> Self.Generator.Element?
• minElement(isOrderedBefore: (Self.Generator.Element, Self.Generator.Element) throws

• partition(range: Range<Self.Index>) -> Self.Index
• partition(range: Range<Self.Index>, isOrderedBefore: (Self.Generator.Element,

Self.Generator.Element) -> Bool(Self.Generator.Element, Self.Generator.Element) -> Bool)
-> Self.Index
• popLast() -> Int?
• prefix(maxLength: Int) -> AnySequence<Self.Generator.Element>
• prefix(maxLength: Int) -> Self.SubSequence
cxxv
• prefixThrough(position: Self.Index) -> Self.SubSequence
• prefixUpTo(end: Self.Index) -> Self.SubSequence
• reduce(initial: T, combine: (T, Self.Generator.Element) throws -> T(T,

Self.Generator.Element) throws -> T) -> T
• removeAtIndex(index: Int) -> Int
• removeFirst() -> Self.Generator.Element
• removeFirst(n: Int) -> Void
• removeLast() -> Int
• removeRange(subRange: Range<Self.Index>) -> Void
• replaceRange(subRange: Range<Int>, with: C) -> Void
• reserveCapacity(minimumCapacity: Int) -> Void
• reverse() -> ReverseCollection<Self>
• reverse() -> [Self.Generator.Element]
• reverse() -> ReverseRandomAccessCollection<Self>
• sort() -> [Self.Generator.Element]
• sort(isOrderedBefore: (Self.Generator.Element, Self.Generator.Element) ->

Bool(Self.Generator.Element, Self.Generator.Element) -> Bool) ->
[Self.Generator.Element]
cxxvi
• sortInPlace() -> Void
• sortInPlace(isOrderedBefore: (Self.Generator.Element, Self.Generator.Element) ->

Bool(Self.Generator.Element, Self.Generator.Element) -> Bool) -> Void
• split(isSeparator: (Self.Generator.Element) throws -> Bool(Self.Generator.Element) throws

-> Bool) -> [Self.SubSequence]

-> Bool) -> [AnySequence<Self.Generator.Element>]
• split(maxSplit: Int, allowEmptySlices: Bool, isSeparator: (Self.Generator.Element) throws

-> Bool(Self.Generator.Element) throws -> Bool) ->
[AnySequence<Self.Generator.Element>]

-> Bool(Self.Generator.Element) throws -> Bool) -> [Self.SubSequence]
• split(separator: Self.Generator.Element) -> [Self.SubSequence]
• split(separator: Self.Generator.Element) -> [AnySequence<Self.Generator.Element>]
• split(separator: Self.Generator.Element, maxSplit: Int, allowEmptySlices: Bool) ->

[Self.SubSequence]
• split(separator: Self.Generator.Element, maxSplit: Int, allowEmptySlices: Bool) ->

• startIndex: Int
• startsWith(other: OtherSequence) -> Bool
• startsWith(other: OtherSequence, isEquivalent: (Self.Generator.Element,

cxxvii
• suffix(maxLength: Int) -> Self.SubSequence
• suffix(maxLength: Int) -> AnySequence<Self.Generator.Element>
• suffixFrom(start: Self.Index) -> Self.SubSequence
• underestimateCount() -> Int
• withUnsafeBufferPointer(body: (UnsafeBufferPointer<Int>) throws -> R(UnsafeBuffer-

Pointer<Int>) throws -> R) -> R
• withUnsafeMutableBufferPointer(body: (inout UnsafeMutableBufferPointer<Int>)

throws -> R(inout UnsafeMutableBufferPointer<Int>) throws -> R) -> R
cxxviii
X.4 Dictionaries
• contains(predicate: (Self.Generator.Element) throws -> Bool(Self.Generator.Element)

• count: Int
• dropFirst() -> Self.SubSequence
• dropFirst(n: Int) -> AnySequence<Self.Generator.Element>
• dropFirst(n: Int) -> Self.SubSequence
• dropLast() -> Self.SubSequence
• dropLast(n: Int) -> Self.SubSequence
• dropLast(n: Int) -> AnySequence<Self.Generator.Element>
• elementsEqual(other: OtherSequence, isEquivalent: (Self.Generator.Element,

• endIndex: DictionaryIndex<String, String>
• enumerate() -> EnumerateSequence<Self>
• filter(includeElement: (Self.Generator.Element) throws -> Bool(Self.Generator.Element)

throws -> Bool) -> [Self.Generator.Element]
cxxix
• first: Self.Generator.Element?
• flatMap(transform: (Self.Generator.Element) throws -> S(Self.Generator.Element) throws

-> S) -> [S.Generator.Element]
• flatMap(transform: (Self.Generator.Element) throws -> T?(Self.Generator.Element) throws

-> T?) -> [T]
• forEach(body: (Self.Generator.Element) throws -> ()(Self.Generator.Element) throws -> ())

-> Void
• generate() -> DictionaryGenerator<String, String>
• indexForKey(key: String) -> DictionaryIndex<String, String>?
• indexOf(predicate: (Self.Generator.Element) throws -> Bool(Self.Generator.Element)

throws -> Bool) -> Self.Index?
• indices: Range<Self.Index>
• isEmpty: Bool
• keys: LazyMapCollection<Dictionary<String, String>, String>
• lazy: LazyCollection<Self>
• lexicographicalCompare(other: OtherSequence, isOrderedBefore:

(Self.Generator.Element, Self.Generator.Element) throws -> Bool(Self.Generator.Element,
Self.Generator.Element) throws -> Bool) -> Bool
• map(transform: (Self.Generator.Element) throws -> T(Self.Generator.Element) throws ->

T) -> [T]
• maxElement(isOrderedBefore: (Self.Generator.Element, Self.Generator.Element) throws

cxxx
• minElement(isOrderedBefore: (Self.Generator.Element, Self.Generator.Element) throws
• popFirst() -> (String, String)?
• prefix(maxLength: Int) -> Self.SubSequence
• prefix(maxLength: Int) -> AnySequence<Self.Generator.Element>
• prefixThrough(position: Self.Index) -> Self.SubSequence
• prefixUpTo(end: Self.Index) -> Self.SubSequence
• reduce(initial: T, combine: (T, Self.Generator.Element) throws -> T(T,

Self.Generator.Element) throws -> T) -> T
• removeAtIndex(index: DictionaryIndex<String, String>) -> (String, String)
• removeValueForKey(key: String) -> String?
• reverse() -> [Self.Generator.Element]
• sort(isOrderedBefore: (Self.Generator.Element, Self.Generator.Element) ->

Bool(Self.Generator.Element, Self.Generator.Element) -> Bool) ->
[Self.Generator.Element]

-> Bool) -> [Self.SubSequence]

-> Bool) -> [AnySequence<Self.Generator.Element>]
cxxxi
-> Bool(Self.Generator.Element) throws -> Bool) ->

-> Bool(Self.Generator.Element) throws -> Bool) -> [Self.SubSequence]
• startIndex: DictionaryIndex<String, String>
• startsWith(other: OtherSequence, isEquivalent: (Self.Generator.Element,

• suffix(maxLength: Int) -> AnySequence<Self.Generator.Element>
• suffix(maxLength: Int) -> Self.SubSequence
• suffixFrom(start: Self.Index) -> Self.SubSequence
• underestimateCount() -> Int
• updateValue(value: String, forKey: String) -> String?
• values: LazyMapCollection<Dictionary<String, String>, String>
cxxxii
X.5 Numbers: Int
• advancedBy(n: Distance) -> Int
• advancedBy(n: Self.Distance, limit: Self) -> Self
• bigEndian: Int
• byteSwapped: Int
• distanceTo(other: Int) -> Distance
• hashValue: Int
• littleEndian: Int
• predecessor() -> Int
• stride(through: Self, by: Self.Stride) -> StrideThrough<Self>
• stride(to: Self, by: Self.Stride) -> StrideTo<Self>
• successor() -> Int
• toIntMax() -> IntMax
• value: Int64
cxxxiii
X.5 Numbers: Double
• advancedBy(amount: Double) -> Double
• distanceTo(other: Double) -> Double
• floatingPointClass: FloatingPointClassification
• hashValue: Int
• isFinite: Bool
• isInfinite: Bool
• isNaN: Bool
• isNormal: Bool
• isSignaling: Bool
• isSignMinus: Bool
• isSubnormal: Bool
• isZero: Bool
• stride(through: Self, by: Self.Stride) -> StrideThrough<Self>
• stride(to: Self, by: Self.Stride) -> StrideTo<Self>
• value: FPIEEE64
cxxxiv
X.6 Booleans
• boolValue: Bool
• hashValue: Int
cxxxv
cxxxvi

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Swift Code Cookbook

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J.

Long textbooks and huge references What this book is:

Introduction and suddenly you are doing

Our first program

And this is what it looks like:

xcrun swiftc hello.swift

And that was it.

0.2 Scripting in Swift

So, the answer is: why not?

And now let’s add the magic shebang line:

#!/usr/bin/env xcrun swift

We save it as hello_script.swift. And that was it.

Once we make it “oﬃcially” executable by:

sudo chmod +x hello_script.swift

We can now execute it as we would execute any script:

// Just one line of code

1.2 Declare a constant

// This is an Integer constant

// This is a String constant

// This is an Integer constant - no need to declare a type,

// This is an Integer variable

// This is a String variable, initialized

// This is an Integer variable - no need to declare a type,

// Another array - also declaring the type

// Creating our loop - C-style

for var x=0; x<10; x++ {

// Our loop - pure Swift-style

for var y in 0..<10 {

1.5 Write a While loop

// Creating our loop

// Set a boolean variable

1.7 Write a Switch-Case statement

let name = "John"

case "John" : print("Hello John!")

// Declare our new function

2.2 Declare a function with arguments

// Declare our new function

// Declare our new function

2.4 Declare a function with default values

// Declare a function with one parameter

// Call it without any parameter

// Let's call it again

// Declare a function with 'inout' parameters

// Declare string variable

// Call the function with a reference - &

// The string variable will have now changed

// Declare our function which takes

// Call it with just 2 parameters

// Call it with even more parameters

// Declare our new class

// Create a new object of myClass

// Declare our new class

func add(a:Int, with:Int)->Int {

func multiply(a:Int, with:Int)->Int {

// Create a new instance of the mathClass

// Create 'parent' class

// Create a child class

// Create a new Dog instance

// We can also access its parent's methods

// Declare our new class

var myProperty : String

// Create a new object of myClass

// Extend the Int class

// Add a method called 'multiply'