Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Freud
- Id – innate, pleasure principle. Basic drives.
- Superego – demands of society/internalized values and norms
- Ego – Conscious effort to balance
Jean Piaget – Human development involves both biological maturation and gaining social experience.
(4) Stages of Cognitive Development:
1. Sensorimotor – Knowing the world through the senses.
2. Pre-Operational – Starting to use language and symbols.
3. Concrete Operational – Understand causal connections.
4. Formal Operational – Abstract and critical thought.
Agents of Socialization
- Family (first setting of socialization)
o *Greatest impact on attitudes and behavior
o Social class & race affect personality
o Gender ideas first learned
- Schools (first experience of bureaucracy and impersonal evaluation)
o Teach knowledge/skills
o Exposure to diversity
o Reinforce gender ideas
- Peer Group (HELPS shape attitudes and behavior)
o Free from adult supervision
- Mass Media (Huge impact in high income countries)
o N.A kids (Equal time spent with parents as watching tv)
o Reinforces stereotypes about gender/race
o Exposure to violence
Peer Group – Social group with members that share interests, social position, and age.
Anticipatory Socialization – Learning that helps a person achieve a desired position
Mass Media – Means for delivering impersonal communication to a vast audience
Total Institutions (prisons, psyche hospitals, monasteries) – A setting where people are isolated from
the rest of society and controlled by an administrative staff.
o Staff supervises all aspects of life
o Life is standardizes with rules and routines
- Re-Socialization (2 parts) – Radically changing an inmates personality by carefully controlling the
environment.
o Breakdown inmates existing identity
o Build new ‘self’ through a reward/punishment system