Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Table of Contents
Item Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
ANNEXURES 8
Subsurface Profile
Laboratory Test Results
References/Calculations
GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT
PROPOSED COMMUNICATION TOWER
AT BANDRA TERMINUS (WESTERN RAILWAY), MUMBAI
FOR CONSORT DIGITAL PVT. LTD.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Consort Digital Pvt. Ltd. plans construction of a 60m high ground base communication
tower at Bandra Terminus, Mumbai. The work of geotechnical investigation was awarded to
Pacific Engineering. The field work and laboratory tests for the geotechnical investigation
were completed by Pacific Engineering in November 2017. This report prepared by Geocon
International Pvt. Ltd. presents results of the geotechnical investigation along with
One Borehole (BH-) was completed for the project as illustrated on the Borehole Location
LAYER I: FILL
Fill, consisting mostly of clay with boulders was encountered at ground surface in the
borehole. The lower boundary of this layer was encountered at a depth of 4.0m below
ground surface.
Completely weathered rock was encountered below fill layer in the borehole. This layer is
formed by the complete in-place disintegration of parent bedrock material, but still partially
retains the original rock mass structure. SPT tests conducted in this layer encountered
refusals. Core recoveries were less than 35%. The lower boundary of this layer was
Greyish to brownish hard basalt bedrock was encountered at a depth of 6.0m below
ground surface. The bedrock was moderately weathered to sound, generally improving
2
with depth. Core Recoveries varied from 43% to 97%, while Rock Quality Designation
(RQD) ranged from Nil to 92%. The borehole was terminated in this layer at a depth of
drilling activities. Groundwater was observed in borehole at a depth of 2.0m below ground
level. Seasonal and annual fluctuations in ground water levels can be expected.
3
3.0 FOUNDATION RECOMMENDATIONS
Completely weathered bedrock was encountered at a depth of 4.0 below ground surface.
weathered bedrock, can be designed for a maximum net allowable bearing capacity of 40
t/m2.
Maximum settlement of foundations will be less than 12mm. A modulus of subgrade reaction
of 3300 t/m3 can be utilized for design of foundations. Excavation sides should be sloped at
a maximum slope of 1:1 (horizontal: vertical) or flatter. Excavated soils can be used for
backfilling.
Horizontal forces and overturning moments may govern minimum depth of foundations.
If adequate space is not available for side sloping, then bored piles as described in next
4
3.1 Bored Piles:
TABLE A
Safe Vertical Downward & Lateral Capacity of Piles
Maximum total settlement of piles installed as described above will be less than 12mm.
Depth of fixity for lateral loads will be 6.2D below pile cap.
5
Groundwater samples were collected for chemical analysis from the site. Results of
Chemical analysis are enclosed in the Annexure. Based on chemical results, the site falls
under Class I for sulphates and chlorides (As per IS456-2000 and as per CIRIA Special
Publication No. 31). A ‘moderate’ exposure condition was assigned to this site. Hence,
6
The sub-surface investigation was completed generally as per IS: 1892-1979. The field
investigation was carried out using a rotary machine. Casing was used to support sides of
borehole until sufficiently stiff strata was encountered. Standard Penetration Tests (i.e.
SPT) were carried out in soil in accordance with IS 2131-1981. Using this procedure, a 2”
outside diameter split-barrel sampler is driven into the soil by 63.5 kg weight falling through
75 cm height. After an initial set of 15cm, the number of blows required to drive the sampler
When SPT refusal was obtained in hard strata, rock coring was done using diamond bit and
double tube core barrel to obtain rock samples. Percent Rock Core Recovery and Rock
Quality Designation (%RQD) were determined. % RQD = 100 x Sum of length of rock
pieces in cms, each having lengths greater than 10cms/Total length of core run.
Sincerely,
__________________________________
Jaydeep Wagh
B.E., M.S., P.E. (Geotechnical)
7
REFERENCES
1) Foundation Analysis and Design, J.E. Bowles, McGraw Hill Publication, 5th Edition,
1996.
3) Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice, 2nd Edition, Terzaghi K. and Peck R. B., John
Willey and Sons, 1967.
________________________________________________ GL +0.0m
Layer I, Fill
________________________________________________ -4.0m
Layer II, Completely Weathered Rock
_________________________________________________ -6.0m
Layer III, Hard Basalt Bedrock
Net Ultimate Bearing Capacity = qu = cNc sc + q (Nq – 1) sq + 0.5 B N s (Refn. 5, Table
4-1)
Where,
q = Overburden Pressure (i.e. submerged unit weight x depth of
foundation)
c = Cohesion
B = Minimum Width of foundation = 1m
’ = submerged unit weight of soil = 0.80
Nc, Nq, N = Terzaghi’s Bearing capacity factors
Sc, sq, s = Shape factors = Conservatively assumed as 1, 1, and 0.6
D = Depth of Footing = 4.0m
9
From Reference No. 1:
1 2
Settlement = S q0 B' mI s I f
Es
Where,
q0 = Footing Pressure = 40 t/m2
B’ = B/2 (Where B is the width of pressure distribution
μ = Poisson’s ratio = 0.3
E = Modulus of Elasticity
Is = Influence Factor (Obtained from Table 5-2, Reference No. 1)
If = Depth Factor (Obtained from Figure 5-7, Reference No. 1)
m = 4 for center of footing
1 0 .3 2
Settlement of Layer = S1 = 40 x1.5 x x 4 x 0.43 x1 = 0.012m = 12mm
9250
As per Cole and Stroud Method (Reference No. 4) for soft rock, the zero strength bedrock
is assumed to be a hard cohesive soil.
10
Using a minimum SPT N value of 75 in the bedrock.
Where,
c = cohesion = N/1.5 = 75/1.5 = 50 t/m2
a = adhesion factor
F.S. = Factor of Safety
(a/FS) = 0.3
Therefore, Allowable Skin Friction Capacity = 0.3 x50 = 15 t/m2
Allowable End Bearing Capacity of 600mm dia piles = πDL (15) = 3.142 x 0.6 x
1.8m x 15 t/m2 = 51 tons
Where,
c = cohesion = N/1.5 = 150/1.5 = 100 t/m2
Nc = Bearing Capacity Factor = 9 for deep foundations
F.S. = Factor of Safety = 3
11
As per Table 2 of Reference mentioned above,
Corresponding Constant k1 = 72 x 103 KN/m3 = 72 MN/m3
Now,
k 0.3 72 0.3
K 1 24MN / m 3
1.5 D 1.5 0.6
(Value of K in kg/cm3 for calculation of R : 1MN/m3 = 0.1 kg/cm3)
For long and flexible pile, depth of fixity,
EI
R4
KD
Where,
E = Modulus of Elasticity of pile material = 2.7 x 10 5 kg/cm2 for concrete
I = Moment of Inertia = π D4/64 cm2 (D is pile diameter in cm)
Therefore,
2.70 x10 5 x D 4
R 4
64 x 2.4 x 60
R = 3.1D (D is pile diameter in cm)
Unsupported length of pile, L 1 = 0.0cm
Therefore, L1/R = 0.0
12 2.7 10 5 D 4 0.5
Qa = = 64 0 6.2 D
3
12