R ATE OF −CONTINUITY OF ATTRACTORS FOR A PARABOLIC

P
PROBLEM DISCRETIZED VIA FINITE ELEMENT
∗
Rodiak Nicolai Figueroa López
∗∗
German Lozada-Cruz

1 Introduction Lemma 2.2. Then, there are Sh∗ : Wh+ → Wh− such that

kPhv − vkX s ≤ Ch2−2s|v|H 2(Ω), ∀v ∈ X and s = 0, 1/2. (2.7)

We will study the following problem |||Sh∗|||X s := sup kSh∗(v)kX s ≤ D, kSh∗(v)−Sh∗(ṽ)kX s ≤ ∆kv − ṽkW +
h

The discretization of (1.3) can be written v∈Wh+
ut + Lu = f (u), t > 0, x ∈ Ω



 

for s = 0, 1/2 and, the unstable manifold of u∗h is given as the graph of the
 u̇h + Ahuh = Fh(uh)

u(t, x) = 0, t > 0, x ∈ ∂Ω (1.1) (2.8)
u (0) = u0 ∈ X 1/2, map Sh∗, for Whu(u∗h) = {(vh, zh) ∈ X 1/2 : zh = Sh∗(vh), vh ∈ Wh+}.

 


u(0, x) = u0(x).
 h h h
Moreover, there are ρ1 > 0 and M ≥ 1 independent of h such that
where Fh = PhF . Denoted by u(t, uh0 ) the solution of (2.8) and by
Here Ω ⊂ Rn is a bounded domain (∂Ω smooth), n ≥ 2, u0 ∈ H01(Ω),
Th(t, uh0 ) the nonlinear semigroup associated to (2.8) given by
L is the uniformly strongly elliptic operator of order second given by Z t kzh(t)−Sh∗(vh(t))kX s ≤ M e−ρ1(t−t0)kzh(t0)−Sh∗(vh(t0))kX s ,
n
X ∂  ∂u  X
n
∂u Th(t, uh0 ) = e−Ahtuh0 + e−Ah(t−s)Fh(Th(s, uh0 ))ds, ∀t ≥ 0. (2.9)
Lu = − aij (x) + bj (x) + (c(x) + λ)u, (1.2) 0
∂xi ∂xj ∂xj for all t ≥ t0 and s = 0, 1/2, during the period of the orbit (vh(t), zh(t))
i,j=1 j=1 The following result was shown in [3].
where aij , bj , c : Ω → R are smooth functions, λ ∈ R and f : R → R 1/2 remains the neighborhood of u∗h. Consequently, there is C0 > 0 such that
Theorem 2.3. The problem (2.8) has a global attractor Ah in the Xh .
is a nonlinear function of class C 2(R) with
|||Sh∗Ph − PhS0∗|||X s ≤ C0h4θ(1−s),
|f 0(s)| ≤ C(1 + |s|γ−1), (C) 3 Estimates of the resolvent and the rate of
n+2 for all h ∈ (0, h0].
for all s ∈ where 1 ≤ γ < if n ≥ 3 and γ ≥ 1 if n = 2, e convergence of semigroups
n−2
f (u) The following theorem is the main result of the work
1/2 1/2
lim sup ≤ 0. (D) Lemma 3.1. The family of operators A−1
h : Xh → Xh with h ∈ (0, 1]
|u|→∞ u
Theorem 3.9. Let {Th(t) : t ≥ 0} be the gradient nonlinear semigroup as-
compactly converges for the operator A−1 : X → X with
Let X = L2(Ω) be, we define A : D(A) ⊂ X → X operator given by sociated with the problem (2.8) with global attractor Ah. Suppose there
D(A) = H 2(Ω) ∩ H01(Ω) and Au = −Lu for all u ∈ D(A). The A op- kA−1
h hP v − P h A −1vk s ≤ Ch2(1−s)kvk , ∀v ∈ X e s = 0, 1/2. (3.1)
X X are constants θ ∈ (0, 1/2), h0 > 0, L > 0 and c > 0 such that (3.4)
erator is sectorial, generated a analytic semigroup {e−tA : t > 0}. 1/2
Corollary 3.2. The operator Ah ∈ L (Xh ) satisfies the condition hold and the equilibria points of problem (1.3) exists in finite number
We choose λ such that Re σ(A) > 0. Thus, we have X 1 = D(A), CC E = {u∗1 , . . . , u∗r } and that all are hyperbolic. Then, for every h ∈ (0, h0],
Ah close,compact resolvent, 0 ∈ ρ(Ah), and Ah −→ A−1
−1
0 . (Hh)
X 0 = L2(Ω) and X 1/2 = H01(Ω). Therefore, the problem (1.1) may we have
be written in the abstract form for all h ∈ [0, 1].
 • The semigroup {Th(t) : t ≥ 0} has a finite number of points equili-
Proposition 3.3. If (A + V0) : D(A) ⊂ X → X has bounded inverse for Sr
∗ ∗
bria Eh = {u1,h, . . . , ur,h} and Ah = i=1 W u(u∗i,h);
u̇ + Au = F (u)

(1.3) some bounded operator V0, then there is a h0 > 0 such that
u(0) = u0 ∈ X 1/2,

• There is ρ > 0 such that given B ⊂ X bounded, exists C = C(B) >
k(Ah + PhV0)−1Ph − Ph(A + V0)−1kL (X,X s) ≤ Ch2−2s, s = 0, 1/2,
where F : X 1/2 → X is the Nemytskii operator given by F (u(t))x = 0 such that
f (u(x, t)) and the nonlinear semigroup associated to (1.3) is given for all h ∈ (0, h0] and where a constant C > 0 does not depended of h. s
dH (Th(t)B, Ah) ≤ Ce−ρt, ∀t ≥ 1;
X
by Proof.
Z t
T (t, u0) = e−tAu0 + e−(t−s)AF (T (s, u0))ds, ∀t ≥ 0. (1.4) (Ah + PhV0)−1Ph − Ph(A + V0)−1 • There is k > 0 such that
0
= [I −(Ah +PhV0)−1PhV0](A−1
h hP −P h A −1)[I −V (A + V )−1].
0 0
The existence of global attractor for the semigroup associated to X s
X s 4θ(1−s)ρ
dH (Ah, PhA) + dH (PhA, Ah) ≤ kh ρ+L ,
the problem (1.1) in the X 1/2 and the uniform bound in the L∞(Ω) Proposition 3.4. If u∗h P−converges for u∗, then
was proved in [1].
ku∗h − Phu∗kX s ≤ Ch2−2s, s = 0, 1/2, (3.2) X s
where dH (A, B) := supa∈A inf b∈B ka − bkX s with A, B ⊂ X is the
Our interest in this work is to study the continuity of the family of
for all h ∈ (0, h0] and where C > 0 does not depended of h. Hausdorff semidistance.
attractors when the step size goes to zero. For this we use the
1/2
concept of P−convergence given in [3]. We define the operators Vh = −PhF 0(u∗h) ∈ L (Xh ) and V0 = Proof. Details of proof in [4].
−F 0(u∗) ∈ L (X 1/2, X). Acknowledgment. We would like to thank prof. Alexandre
Corollary 3.5. In the conditions of the Proposition 3.4, follows N. Carvalho (ICMC-USP, Brazil) for suggesting us the problem.
2 Discretization of problem (1.1) via finite ele-
kVh − PhV0kX s ≤ Ch2−2s, s = 0, 1/2. (3.3)
ment method CC
Remark 3.6. From (3.1) and (3.3), follows A−1
h hV −→ A −1V . Since
0
We known that A can be associated with the sesquilinear form wh(u∗h, v) = A−1 F
h h h(u∗ + v) − A−1F (u∗ ) − A−1F 0 (u∗ )v. It has,
h h h h h h
References
σ : X 1/2 × X 1/2 → C, such that
kwh(u∗h, v)kX s ≤ Ckvk2X 1/2 , s = 0, 1/2.
[1] Arrieta, José M.; Carvalho, Alexandre N.; Rodrı́guez-Bernal,
|σ(u, v)| 6 c1kukX 1/2 kvkX 1/2 , u, v ∈ X 1/2 (2.1)
Theorem 3.7. Let T (t, u0) and Th(t, u0h) be the solutions of the integral Anı́bal. Attractors of parabolic problems with nonlinear
Re σ(u, u) > c2kuk2X 1/2 , u ∈ X 1/2 (2.2) equations (1.4) and (2.9), respectively. Moreover, given R > 0, θ ∈ boundary conditions. Uniform bounds. Comm. Partial Dif-
σ(u, v) = hAu, viX , u ∈ D(A), v ∈ X 1/2. (2.3) (0, 1/2) and 0 < t0 < τ := min{τ (u0), τ (u0h)} with kT (t, u0)kX 1/2 ≤ R ferential Equations. 25 (2000), n. 1-2, p. 1–37.
and kTh(t, u0h)kX 1/2 ≤ R, for all t ∈ [0, t0]. Then, there are constants
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C > 0 and L > 0 such that
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element discretization in finite space is given by kTh(t, u0h) − PhT (t, u0)kX s ≤ CeLtt−2θ(1−s)−s(ku0h − Phu0kX + h4θ(1−s)),
[3] Carvalho, A.N., Piskarev, S., A general approximations
1/2 (3.4)
Xh = {I υ : υ ∈ C (Ω), υ ∂Ω = 0} ⊂ X 1/2 ∩ C(Ω).
h 0

(2.4) scheme for attractors of abstract parabolic problems, Nu-
t > 0 and s = 0, 1/2.
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1/2
→ Xh
1/2
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Theorem 3.8. Let u∗ be a hyperbolic equilibria of (1.3). Then, we

hAhφh, ψhiX = σ(φh, ψh),

1/2
φh, ψh ∈ Xh . (2.5) know that there exists a unique u∗h ∈h sufficiently close of Phu∗ for all [4] Figueroa-López, R. Continuidade de atratores para a
h ∈ [0, h0]. For D > 0, M > 0, ς > 0 and 0 < ϑ < 1 given, let ρ0 > 0 be discretização de problemas parabólicos usando o método
1/2
The ortogonal projection Ph : X → Xh with respect to the inner
such that for all 0 < ρ ≤ ρ0, de elementos finitos, Ph. D. Thesis, Universidade Estadual
1/2
product of X is given by hPhg, viX = hg, viX , for all v ∈ Xh .
β Paulista, 2013.
≤ β − ρM (1 + ς) ≤ β, ρM 2(1 + ς)β s−1Γ(1 − s) ≤ ς
Theorem 2.1. There exists a constant C > 0 and a acute angle θ1 such 2  
s−1 s−1 ρM (1 + ς) [5] Hale, J. K.; Raugel, G. Lower semicontinuity of attractors
that given f ∈ X and z ∈ S0,θ1 , we have ρM β Γ(1 − s) ≤ D, ρM Γ(1 − s)β 1+ ≤ϑ<1
β − ρM (1 + ς)
1 of gradient systems and applications. Annali di Matematica
s−1 2 2 −1 s−1
ρM β Γ(1−s)+ρ M (1+ς)β [2β −ρM (1+ς)] Γ(1−s) ≤ .
k(z − A)−1f − (z − Ah)−1Phf kX s ≤ Ch2(1−s)kf kX , s = 0, 1/2. (2.6) 2 Pura ed Applicata, Bologna, v. 154, n. 4, p. 281–326, 1989.

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Post-Ph.D., Student, Supported by FAPESP, process: 2013/21155-2. E-mail: rodiak@ibilce.unesp.br Supervisor, e-mail:german@ibilce.unesp.br