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This standard specifies the requirements for long products (such as sections and bars) and flat
products (such as plate, sheet and strip) of hot-rolled non-alloy general purpose (base) and quality
steels. These steels are intended for use in welded, bolted and riveted structures for service at
ambient temperature.
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Lesson 2: Steel grades and qualities, steel profile.
Steel structures – Laboratory
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Lesson 2: Steel grades and qualities, steel profile.
Steel structures – Laboratory
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Lesson 2: Steel grades and qualities, steel profile.
Steel structures – Laboratory
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Lesson 2: Steel grades and qualities, steel profile.
Steel structures – Laboratory
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Lesson 2: Steel grades and qualities, steel profile.
Steel structures – Laboratory
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Lesson 2: Steel grades and qualities, steel profile.
Steel structures – Laboratory
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1.3 COMPARISON BETWEEN STEEL GRADES
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Lesson 2: Steel grades and qualities, steel profile.
Steel structures – Laboratory
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The qualitative results of the impact test can be used to determine the ductility of a material. If
the material breaks on a flat plane, the fracture was brittle, and if the material breaks with jagged
edges or shear lips, then the fracture was ductile. Usually a material does not break in just one way
or the other, and thus comparing the jagged to flat surface areas of the fracture will give an estimate
of the percentage of ductile and brittle fracture.
The quantitative result of the impact tests the energy needed to fracture a material and can be
used to measure the toughness of the material. There is a connection to the yield strength but it
cannot be expressed by a standard formula. Also, the strain rate may be studied and analyzed for its
effect on fracture.
The ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) may be derived from the temperature where
the energy needed to fracture the material drastically changes. However, in practice there is no
sharp transition and it is difficult to obtain a precise transition temperature (it is really a transition
region). An exact DBTT may be empirically derived in many ways: a specific absorbed energy,
change in aspect of fracture (such as 50% of the area is cleavage).
The Charpy impact test, also known as the Charpy V-notch test, is a standardized high strain-
rate test which determines the amount of energy absorbed by a material during fracture. This
absorbed energy is a measure of a given material's notch toughness and acts as a tool to study
temperature-dependent ductile-brittle transition. It is widely applied in industry, since it is easy to
prepare and conduct and results can be obtained quickly and cheaply. A disadvantage is that some
results are only comparative
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Lesson 2: Steel grades and qualities, steel profile.
Steel structures – Laboratory
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Lesson 2: Steel grades and qualities, steel profile.
Steel structures – Laboratory
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2. STEEL PROFILES
According to production of steel profiles we have:
A) Hot Rolled Steel Profiles
Structural shape rolling uses profile rolling techniques where the workpiece is passed through a
series of flatteners. The most common method uses 3 rollers; the bending is controlled by
varying the distance between the rollers.
- In press brake forming, a work piece is positioned over the die block and the die block presses the
sheet to form a shape
C) Welded profiles
- Welded profiles are received by welding together single metal sheets or hot rolled profiles with
oneself
D) Cast profiles
- Steel castings are formed by pouring molten metal into a mould containing a cavity which has the
desired shape of the component.
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Lesson 2: Steel grades and qualities, steel profile.
Steel structures – Laboratory
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2.1 HOT ROLLED PROFILES
I sections Parallel
5 acc. to h=80600 415 IPE 200 flange
EN 10024:2004 h or
h
I200 PE
If h≤300:
H sections bf=h
6 HEB h=1001000 415 HEB200
acc. to h
EN 53-62
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Lesson 2: Steel grades and qualities, steel profile.
Steel structures – Laboratory
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H sections
7 HEA H=100 415 HEA 200 to HEA300
acc. to h 1000 h/bf 0.95
EN 53-62
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Lesson 2: Steel grades and qualities, steel profile.
Steel structures – Laboratory
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Crane rails:
Rail sections SD65,
17 acc to h=65180 515(30) Train rails:
S60
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Lesson 2: Steel grades and qualities, steel profile.
Steel structures – Laboratory
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Lesson 2: Steel grades and qualities, steel profile.
Steel structures – Laboratory
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St3SX
St3SY
column in axial
St3S
and unaxial
St3M
HKS compression
18G2A
h=600÷2000 18G2ACu
tw=8÷12
t=14÷30
St3SX
column in unaxial
St3SY
IPBS compression
St3S
St3M
18G2A
h=300÷700 18G2ACu
b=300
tw=7÷15
t=19÷32
Castellated
beams with
hexagonal
openings
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Lesson 2: Steel grades and qualities, steel profile.
Steel structures – Laboratory
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2.4 CAST PROFOLES
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Lesson 2: Steel grades and qualities, steel profile.