enuse Measurement

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Introduction Trigonometry I

a) Label the sides of each triangle, relative to the given angle.

i) ii)

θ
θ

b) Calculate the ratio of the opposite side to the adjacent side for each similar triangle.

θ 1 cm 2 cm 4 cm
θ
2 cm
4 cm θ

8 cm

c) Define the tangent ratio.

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d) Calculate the ratio of the opposite side to the hypotenuse for each similar triangle.

5 cm 10 cm 20 cm
θ 2 cm 4 cm 8 cm
θ

e) Define the sine ratio.

f) Calculate the ratio of the adjacent side to the hypotenuse for each similar triangle.

4 cm 8 cm 16 cm
θ

3 cm θ
6 cm θ

12 cm

g) Define the cosine ratio.

h) What is a useful memorization tool to remember the trigonometric ratios?

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Example 1 For each triangle, calculate each trigonometric ratio.

a) 4 cm b)
θ 29 cm

5 cm 20 cm
3 cm
θ
21 cm

sin θ cos θ tan θ sin θ cos θ tan θ

5 cm
c) d)
12 cm θ
63 cm
16 cm
θ

65 cm 13 cm

sin θ cos θ tan θ sin θ cos θ tan θ

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Example 2 Calculate the angle θ in each triangle.

a) b)
47 cm θ
26 cm

87 cm
θ

36 cm

c) d)
θ 50 cm
24 cm 73.74°
θ

68 cm

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Example 3 Calculate the missing side of each triangle using two methods.

a) Pythagorean Trigonometric
Theorem Ratio
?
24 cm 73.74°
θ
7 cm

b) 48.89° Pythagorean Trigonometric

Theorem Ratio
θ
73 cm
48 cm

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Example 4 Solve each triangle.

a)
m
70.3 cm
y
41°

8° 23.8 cm
b)
y
m
h

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c)

h
17.2 cm

16.4 cm

d)
m 22.3 cm

28.9 cm
x
n

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Example 5 Solve each of the following problems.

a) The sketch on the right was drawn by a surveyor who is

trying to determine the distance between two trees across
a river. Using the information in the sketch, calculate
the distance between the trees.
80 m

46°

b) A 16 ft. ladder is leaning against the roof of a house.

The angle between the ladder and the ground is 62°.
How high above the ground is the base of the roof?

16 ft.

62°

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