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18.10.12

Get como alternativa de otros verbos.

El verbo get se utiliza en varias construcciones y tiene significados diversas.

Para muchos hispanohablantes es un verbo complicado porque, como dijo
un alumno mío, “se usa para todo”. Bueno, la verdad es que no se usa para
todo pero si lo usamos mucho y en gran parte cuando estamos hablando.
Gramática inglesa: Get puede funcionar como alternativa de varios
otros verbos.
Abajo hay una lista de los verbos más usados en este contexto.
Get puede sustituir a los siguientes Los verbos correspondientes en
verbos español.

acquire adquirir
arrive to / at llegar
buy comprar
bring traer
charge cobrar
earn ganar
obtain obtener
receive recibir
take coger / coger
understand entender

Presente Pasado Participio

get got got (UK)

(la tercera persona singular acaba en s) gotten (USA)

Get puede sustituir acquire. (adquirir)

 She got / acquired a lot of paintings from her uncle. - Adquirió una
gran cantidad de cuadros de su tío.
Get to puede sustituir arrive at. (llegar a)
 We have to get to / arrive at the meeting point on time - Tenemos
que llegar al punto de encuentro a tiempo
 What time does the train get to / arrive at the station?- ¿A qué hora
llega el tren a la estación?

Get puede sustituir el verbo buy. (comprar)

 Can you get / buy some bread and milk at the shop? - ¿Puedes
comprar pan y leche en la tienda?
 Jane is getting / buying a new car next month week. - Jane va a
comprar un coche nuevo el mes que viene.

Get puede sustituir el verbo charge. (cobrar)

 How much do you think I could get / charge for my old van? -
¿Cuánto piensas que podría cobrar por mi furgoneta coche viejo?

Get puede sustituir el verbo earn. (ganar)

 I get / earn extra money when I work on sundays. - Gano pagos
extras cuando trabajo los domingos.

Get puede sustituir el verbo obtain. (obtener / conseguir)

 They got / obtained very good results in the exam. - Consiguieron
muy buenos resultados en el examen.
 They got / obtained the money for the trip from their grandparents.
- Ellos obtuvieron el dinero para el viaje de sus abuelos.

Get puede sustituir el verbo take cuando usamos take en el sentido

de coger / tomar.
 We’re going to get / take a taxi. - Vamos a coger / tomar un taxi.
 I normally get / take the bus to work. – Suelo cojo / tomo el autobús
al trabajo.

Get puede sustituir el verbo receive. (recibir)

 What did you get for your birthday? - ¿Qué recibiste para tu
cumpleaños?
 Did you get my letter? - ¿Recibiste mí carta?

Get puede sustituir el verbo understand. (entender)

 I didn't get / understand it. Can you repeat it all again, please.? - No
lo he entendido. ¿Puedes repetirlo de nuevo, por favor?
 I didn't get / understand the joke. - No entendi el chiste. / No he
entendido el chiste.

to ask for
1.1

to request
pedir
Can I ask you for a favor?
¿Puedo pedirte un favor?
Sintaxis: separable

1.2
to seek or provoke something negative
buscarse
If you date him, you're asking for trouble.
Si sales con él, te vas a buscar problemas.
Sintaxis: inseparable
Notas de uso: Se utiliza mucho en tiempos continuos.

to break down

1.1

to stop working; functioning

dejar de funcionar; estropearse; averiarse
Our car broke down while we were driving to the supermarket.
Nuestro coche se estropeó mientras íbamos al supermercado.
Sintaxis: intransitive
Derivados: breakdown [n.] (avería), broken-down [adj.] (estropeado,
averiado)

1.2
to end negotiations unsuccessfully
romperse; fracasar
After days of negotiations, the talks broke down.
Después de varios días de negociaciones, el diálogo se rompió.
Sintaxis: intransitive
Derivados: breakdown [n.] (interrupción, ruptura)

1.3
to remove or dismount
derribar; desmontar; dividir
The firemen had to break down the door to get into the house.
Los bomberos tuvieron que derribar la puerta para entrar en la casa.
Sintaxis: separable
Derivados: breakdown [n.] (descomposición)
1.4
to start crying
venirse abajo; romper a llorar
It was the most stressful week. By Friday I broke down and cried.
Fue la semana más estresante. El viernes me vine abajo y rompí a llorar.
Sintaxis: intransitive
Derivados: breakdown [n.] (ruptura, crisis nerviosa)

to bring up

1.1

to raise a child
criar y educar
I was brought up by my grandmother.
Fui criada por mi abuela.
Sintaxis: separable
Derivados: upbringing [n.] (crianza, educación)
Sinónimos: to raise
Notas de uso: Se utiliza mucho en pasiva.

1.2
to mention
sacar; mencionar
I hate him. Don't ever bring his name up again!
Le odio. ¡Nunca vuelvas a mencionar su nombre!
Sintaxis: separable
Sinónimos: to raise

to catch up

1.1

to bring or get up to date

ponerse al día; ponerse al tanto; ponerse al corriente
Call me, we need to catch up!
Llámame. ¡Tenemos que ponernos al día!
Sintaxis: separable
Sinónimos: to bring up to date

1.2
to reach someone or something ahead of you
alcanzar a; ponerse al mismo nivel que
You are walking so fast, I will never catch up with you.
Andas tan rápido, nunca te alcanzaré.
Sintaxis: separable

to come back

1.1

to return
regresar; volver
We are coming back from vacation next week.
Regresamos de vacaciones la semana que viene.
Sintaxis: inseparable
Derivados: comeback [n.] (vuelta, repuesta)
Sinónimos: to return

to find out

1.1

to discover; to learn
averiguar; enterrarse; descubrir
Did you find out what happened to Joe?
¿Has averiguado lo que le pasó a Joe?
Sintaxis: separable
Sinónimos: to discover

to get along \ on

1.1

to have a good relationship with someone

llevarse bien
I'm so lucky, my father and my husband get along/on really well.
Soy tan afortunada, mi padre y mi marido se llevan muy bien.
Sintaxis: inseparable
Notas de uso: get along (US); get on (UK)
1.2
to make progress; to deal or to handle
irse
How are you getting along at university?
¿Cómo te va en la universidad?
Sintaxis: intransitive

to get in

1.1

to arrive
llegar; volver
What time did you get in last night?
¿A qué hora llegaste a casa anoche?
Sintaxis: intransitive

to get in (into)

1.1

to enter
subirse
Get in the car and I will take you to school.
Súbete al coche y te llevaré a la escuela.
Sintaxis: inseparable
Antónimos: to get out
Notas de uso: Se utiliza "get in" con coches y lugares y "get on" con
buses, aviones, trenes, etc.

1.2
to enter
entrar
You can't get into the club without a ticket.
No puedes entrar en la discoteca sin una entrada.
Sintaxis: intransitive

1.3
to enter
ingresar; ser admitido
Beatrice applied to many schools, but she only got into one.
Beatrice hizo la solicitud en muchas escuelas, pero sólo fue admitida en
una.
Sintaxis: intransitive

to get off

1.1

to exit or leave
bajarse
We must get off the train at the next stop.
Tenemos que bajar del tren en la siguiente parada.
Sintaxis: inseparable
Antónimos: to get on
Notas de uso: Se utiliza "get off" con buses, aviones, trenes, etc. y "get
out of" con coches y lugares.

1.2
to finish or leave
terminar; salir; plegar
We usually get off early on Fridays in the summer.
Solemos plegar temprano los viernes en verano.
Sintaxis: intransitive

to get on (onto)

1.1

to enter or to board
subirse
He got on the bus for the airport.
Se subió en el autobus del aeropuerto.
Sintaxis: inseparable
Sinónimos: to board
Antónimos: to get off
Notas de uso: Se utiliza "get on" con buses, aviones, trenes, etc. y "get
in" con coches y lugares.

to get out (of)

1.1

to leave or exit
irse; salir; marcharse
It's too smoky, I have to get out of here.
Hay demasiado humo, tengo que salir de aquí.
Sintaxis: intransitive
Antónimos: to get in (into)

1.2
to leave or exit
bajarse
He got out of the car quickly.
Él salió del coche rápidamente.
Sintaxis: inseparable
Antónimos: to get in (into)
Notas de uso: Se utiliza "get out (of)" con coches y lugares y "get off"
con buses, aviones, trenes, etc.

1.3
to avoid doing something
escabullirse o librarse de hacer
How can I get out of going to work today?
¿Cómo puedo escabullirme de ir a trabajar hoy?
Sintaxis: inseparable

1.4
to remove
quitar(se)
I tried, but I can't get the stain out of my new dress.
Lo he intentado, pero no puedo quitar la mancha de mi vestido nuevo.
Sintaxis: separable

to go back

1.1

to return
volver
I'm so embarassed. I can never go back to that bar again.
Estoy tan avergonzada. Nunca más puedo volver a ese bar.
Sintaxis: intransitive

1.2
to date to an early time, to have a long history
remontarse a; retroceder
This story goes back to when I was young.
Esta historia se remonta a cuando yo era joven.
Sintaxis: intransitive

to go out

1.1

to leave
salir
Let's go out and play in the snow!
¡Salgamos a jugar a la nieve!
Sintaxis: intransitive
Antónimos: to go in

1.2
to be sent
mandar; enviar
Has the mail gone out yet?
¿Se ha enviado el correo ya?
Sintaxis: intransitive

1.3
to be transmitted
comunicarse; transmitirse; emitirse
The news went out last night.
Las noticias fueron transmitidas anoche.
Sintaxis: intransitive

1.4
to be extinguished; to stop working
apagarse
The lights went out during the storm.
Las luces se apagaron durante la tormenta.
Sintaxis: intransitive

1.5
to become unfashionable
pasarse de moda
Mini skirts went out of style last year.
Las minifaldas se pasaron de moda el año pasado.
Sintaxis: intransitive
to grow up

1.1

to mature, to become an adult

crecer; hacerse mayor; criarse
Alex grew up in France, but now he lives in Italy.
Alex creció en Francia pero ahora vive en Italia.
Sintaxis: intransitive
Derivados: grown-up [n.] (un adulto, persona mayor); grown-up [adj.]
(mayor, maduro)

to hurry up

1.1

to rush
darse prisa; correr
Hurry up or we will be late.
Date prisa o llegaremos tarde.
Sintaxis: separable
Notas de uso: Se usa mucho en el imperativo.

to look after

1.1

to care for; to attend

cuidar de/a; vigilar a; ocuparse de
My parents are looking after the children while we go to dinner.
Mis padres están cuidando a los niños mientras salimos a cenar.
Sintaxis: inseparable
Sinónimos: to take care of
Notas de uso: Se puede utilizar en la voz pasiva.

to look for
1.1

to try to find, to search

buscar a; esperar a
Paul is looking for the document you requested.
Paul está buscando el documento que solicitaste.
Sintaxis: inseparable
Derivados: unlooked-for [adj.] (inesperado, imprevisto)

to look forward to

1.1

to wait for or anticipate something pleasant

tener ganas de
We are really looking forward to your visit!
¡Tenemos muchas ganas de tu visita!
Sintaxis: inseparable
Notas de uso: Se puede utilizar en la voz pasiva.

to make up

1.1

to invent
inventar
That never happened! You're making it up!
¡Eso nunca pasó! ¡Lo has inventado!
Sintaxis: inseparable
Derivados: made-up [adj.] (inventado)

1.2
to reconcile
reconciliarse; hacer las paces
Our parents had an argument last night, but they made up this
morning.
Nuestros padres tuvieron una discusión ayer por la noche, pero se
reconciliaron esta mañana.
Sintaxis: intransitive

1.3
to consist of; to constitute
formar; constituir
The committee is made up of several people from the community.
El comité se compone de varias personas de la comunidad.
Sintaxis: inseparable
Derivados: make-up [n.] (estructura, composición)

to pick up

1.1

to improve
mejorar
Business is picking up at the shop this month.
El negocio está mejorando en la tienda este mes.
Sintaxis: intransitive
Derivados: pickup [n.] (mejora)

1.2
to flirt
ligar
That's the girl John picked up at the bar last night.
Esa es la chica que John se ligó en el bar anoche.
Sintaxis: separable
Derivados: pickup [n., adj.] (ligue)

1.3
to collect
recoger; coger
We will pick you up at your house at 6.
Te recogeremos en tu casa a las 6.
Sintaxis: separable
Derivados: pickup [n.] (recogida)

1.4
to learn
aprender
He picks up languages easily.
Él aprende idiomas fácilmente.
Sintaxis: separable

to put on
1.1

to dress; to start wearing something

ponerse
Why don't you put on your green dress, it really suits you.
¿Por qué no te pones tu vestido verde? Te queda muy bien.
Sintaxis: separable
Antónimos: to take off

to put up

1.1

to mount; to hang; to raise; to place

levantar; subir; colgar; montar
The kids want to put up a tent in the backyard this summer.
Los niños quieren poner una tienda de campaña en el jardín este
verano.
Sintaxis: separable
Antónimos: to take down

to run into

1.1

to meet by accident
encontrarse con alguien
Did I tell you? I ran into your brother the other day at the cinema.
¿Te dije? Me encontré con tu hermano el otro día en el cine.
Sintaxis: inseparable
Sinónimos: to bump into

1.2
to collide
chocar con/contra
Did you hear? Last night a car ran into the shop down the street.
¿Oíste? Anoche un coche chocó con la tienda en la calle.
Sintaxis: inseparable

to sell out
1.1

to have nothing left; to sell everything in stock

agotarse algo
The tickets were sold out by the time we arrived.
Las entradas estaban agotadas cuando llegamos.
Sintaxis: intransitive
Derivados: sell-out [n.] (lleno; éxito de taquilla)
Notas de uso: Se puede utilizar en la voz pasiva.

1.2
to lose integrity in exchange for financial gain
venderse barato
I never expected that they would sell themselves out like that.
Nunca esperaba que se venderían así, tan barato.
Sintaxis: intransitive
Derivados: sell-out [n.] (traición)

to show off

1.1

to behave in a way as to attract attention; to brag

fardar; lucirse
Stop showing off already! It's been over a month since you won
the championship.
¡Deja de fardar ya! Ha pasado más de un mes desde que ganaste el
campeonato.
Sintaxis: intransitive
Derivados: show-off [n.] (chulo)

to show up

1.1

to arrive or appear
presentarse; aparecer
What time did he finally show up?
¿A qué hora se presentó finalmente?
Sintaxis: intransitive
Sinónimos: to turn up

1.2
to embarrass someone
avergonzar a; dejar a alguien en ridículo
Stop trying to show up your sister. You both did very well this year
in school.
Deja de tratar de avergonzar a tu hermana. Los dos lo habéis hecho muy
bien este año en la escuela.
Sintaxis: separable

to shut up

1.1

to stop talking or making noise

callarse
Shut up already! You're giving me a headache.
Cállate ya! Me das dolor de cabeza.
Sintaxis: separable
Notas de uso: Se utiliza mucho en el imperativo.

to sign in

1.1

to open and start a computer program; to register

iniciar una sesión; registrarse
When you sign in you must give your password.
Cuando inicies la sesión debes darle tu contraseña.
Sintaxis: intransitive
Sinónimos: to log in
Antónimos: to sign out; to log out

to sign out

1.1
to close a computer program
cerrar la sesión
I forgot to sign out of my email.
Olvidé de cerrar la sesión de mi correo electrónico.
Sintaxis: intransitive
Sinónimos: to log out
Antónimos: to sign in; to log in

to sit down

1.1

to sit or take a seat

sentarse
Sit down and let's talk.
Siéntate y hablemos.
Sintaxis: inseparable
Derivados: sit-down [adj.] (servida en la mesa); sit-down [n.] (sentada;
descanso)
Notas de uso: Se utiliza mucho en el imperativo.

to split up

1.1

to divide or separate into groups

dividirse; separarse
The teacher split us up into groups for the project.
El profesor nos dividió en grupos para el proyecto.
Sintaxis: separable
Sinónimos: to divide up

1.2
to end a relationship
romper con alguien
Did you hear? Sally and Dave split up last week.
¿Oíste? Sally y Dave rompieron la semana pasada.
Sintaxis: intransitive
Sinónimos: to break up

to stand out
1.1

to be so extraordinary or different as to draw attention

destacar
With her blue hair, Mary really stands out in a crowd.
Con su pelo azul, María realmente destaca en la multitud.
Sintaxis: intransitive
Derivados: outstanding [adj.] (excelente; excepcional); outstandingly
[adv.] (excepcionalmente)

to switch off

1.1

to disconnect or terminate power to

apagar; desconectar; cortarse
Please switch off the lights when you leave.
Por favor apague las luces cuando salga.
Sintaxis: separable
Sinónimos: to shut off; to turn off
Antónimos: to switch on; to turn on

to switch on

1.1

to give power to
encender
Switch on the lights please, I can't see anything.
Encienda las luces por favor, no veo nada.
Sintaxis: separable
Sinónimos: to turn on
Antónimos: to switch off; to shut off; to turn off

to take off

1.1
to depart or when the plane leaves the ground
despegar
The plane will take off in 5 minutes.
El avión despegará en 5 minutos.
Sintaxis: intransitive
Derivados: take-off [n.] (despegue)

1.2
to remove
quitar(se)
Take off your jacket and stay awhile.
Quítate la chaqueta y quedate un rato.
Sintaxis: separable
Antónimos: to put on; to keep on

1.3
to make quick and good progress
tener éxito; despegar
The new campaign has really taken off.
La nueva campaña ha tenido mucho éxito.
Sintaxis: intransitive

to take out

1.1

to remove or extract
sacar
Can you please take out the trash when you leave?
¿Puedes por favor sacar la basura cuando te vayas?
Sintaxis: separable
Derivados: take-out [n.] (comida preparada para llevar)

to try on

1.1

to put on clothing to see how it looks and how it fits

probarse (ropa)
Would you like to try those on?
¿Quiere probarselos?
Sintaxis: separable

to turn off

1.1

to leave
salirse; desviarse
He was lost. His mistake was turning off the path.
Estaba perdido. Su error fue salirse del camino.
Sintaxis: inseparable
Derivados: turn-off [n.] (salida; desvío)

1.2
to cause dislike or displeasure
quitarle las ganas a; dejar frio a
He was always drunk. It really turned me off.
Siempre estaba borracho. Realmente me dejo fria.
Sintaxis: separable
Derivados: turn-off [n.] (algo o alguien que repugna/repele)
Sinónimos: to turn on

to turn on

1.1

to start; to connect
encender; abrir
Remind me to turn on the washing machine before we leave.
Recuérdame que encienda la lavadora antes de irnos.
Sintaxis: separable
Derivados: to switch on; to put on
Sinónimos: to turn off; to switch off; to shut off

1.2
to excite; to cause someone to feel pleasure; to become
interested
poner cachondo; excitar a
Just his voz turns me on.
Sólo su voz me excita.
Sintaxis: separable
Derivados: turn-on [n.] (algo o alguien que excita a alguien
sexualmente)
Antónimos: to turn off

Suggestions with Modals

of Advice and Necessity

By Tanya Trusler on October 3, 2013GRAMMAR

Whatever you call them (modals,

modal verbs, auxiliaries, auxiliary
verbs, etc.), modals are one of the most difficult
grammar points for students to grasp. We have many
categories of modals in English such as possibility,
ability, advice, and necessity, and within each category,
we have many modals to choose from. In our American
Presidents lesson on Woodrow Wilson, there is an
exercise about modals for expressing suggestions. We
decided it would be helpful to blog about the
modals should, ought to, had better, have got to, have
to, and must so that teachers could elaborate on the
notes in the lesson. Or you could use this tried-and-true
method of presenting modals as a lesson on its own,
along with another textbook, or as a review anytime!

PATTERN & CHART

Remind students that the pattern for modals in English

is:

A base verb is an infinitive verb without to. Point out that

base verbs never have any endings (no -s, -ed, -ing, etc.),
so students don’t have to worry about subject-verb
agreement. Make sure you stress to students that they
should never use to after a modal—unless it’s a part of
the modal expression. (I.e., You must take the exam is
correct; You must to take the exam is incorrect. Youhave
to take the exam is correct; You have take the exam is
incorrect.) I always tell my students that for a modal
expression that includes to (such as have to), think
of to as part of the modal expression and not as part of
an infinitive verb (i.e., have to + base verb, not have +
infinitive verb). It’s easier for students to remember
to never use an infinitive verb with a modal (but they’ll
have to remember that some modal expressions
include to).
 Next, write this “suggestion scale” chart on the board.
It’s always helpful when students can visualize where
the modals belong in relation to one

another.

SHOULD, OUGHT TO

SHOULD: Using the modal of advice should is the most

common way to suggest something to someone in
English. The pattern is should + base verb. The negative
form, should not, often gets contracted to shouldn’t.

Examples:

 You should tell your boss about the report.

 They should start getting ready to go because the
bus leaves at 4:00.
 She shouldn’t smoke outside because people are
eating on the patio nearby.

OUGHT TO: Ought to is a modal expression that sounds a

bit stuffy these days. I always tell my students that
 though they may occasionally see it in textbooks or in
writing, they should avoid using ought to + base
verbthemselves because it’s pretty old-fashioned. Some
people would argue that ought to is a bit stronger of a
suggestion than should, but I’d argue that the difference
isn’t important, especially since it’s not commonly used
nowadays. As a general overview (in case students come
across it), you may want to mention that in spoken
English, ought to is usually shortened to /aw-da/, and that
the negative expression ought not to is even less
common and best avoided altogether.

Example:

 You ought to show your report card to your parents.

HAD BETTER

Use had better + base verb to make a stronger

suggestion than should. This modal of advice is used
when someone thinks the other person really should
follow the suggestion, implying that there will be more
serious consequences if the advice isn’t taken. Had
better is a modal expression that is often contracted
to ‘d better. The negative form, had better not, is also
often contracted to ’d better not.

Examples:

 We had better let someone know about the problem.

 He’d better study for the test because he’s failing
the class.
 I’d better not eat another cookie because I’m on a
diet.

MUST, HAVE TO, HAVE GOT TO

 The modals of necessity/obligation must, have
to, and have got to have essentially the same meaning
and are all used to denote a strong suggestion.

MUST: Must + base verb is a little more formal and is

often used in written English (e.g., this modal would
appear on a sign listing out rules). The negative form
is must not. While the contraction mustn’t is possible, it
isn’t commonly used nowadays and has a stuffy feel to it.
I tell my students to avoid it. Don’t forget to remind
students that can’t/cannot is a modal with basically the
same meaning as must not—both are common.

Examples:

 You must remove your jacket and shoes when going

through airport security.
 We must register for the conference before we can
attend any sessions.
 You must not/can’t use a pen. All answers must be
written with a pencil.

HAVE TO: Have to + base verb is a little more informal

and is often used in spoken English and informal writing.
Note that this is one modal expression that does have
subject-verb agreement. Third person singular pronouns,
singular count nouns, and non-count nouns will all
use has to + base verb. Point out to students that the
contractions ‘ve to and ‘s to are never possible. The
negative forms, do not have to and does not have to, are
often contracted to don’t have to and doesn’t have to. I
always point out that in speaking, have to is often
reduced to hafta and has to is often pronounced hasta.

Examples:
 You have to call your friend tonight. It’s her birthday
and she’ll kill you if you forget.
 She has to bring her own skis because there isn’t
anywhere to rent them.
 I told my roommate that he doesn’t have to pay for
groceries this week because I owe him money.

HAVE GOT TO: Have got to + base verb is an very old

expression in English that is still commonly used
nowadays. It is even more informal than have toand is
commonly used in spoken English and informal writing.
Note that this is another modal expression that has
subject-verb agreement. Third person singular pronouns,
singular count nouns, and non-count nouns will all
use has got to + base verb. The negative forms have not
got to and has not got toare never used (do not have
to and does not have to can be used instead). The
contractions ‘ve got to and ‘s got to are common in
writing, and in speaking, the reduced forms ‘ve
gotta and ‘s gotta are very common.

Examples:

 You have got to remember to do your report tonight.

It’s due tomorrow morning.
 Our teacher has got to grade a lot of papers tonight.
We need them back to study for the test.
 She’s got to go to the doctor’s right after class.