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.
2. arcsin
SOLUTION: 4. sin – 1
Find a point on the unit circle on the interval
SOLUTION:
with a y-coordinate of . Find a point on the unit circle on the interval
with a y-coordinate of .
3. arcsin 5.
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Find a point on the unit circle on the interval Find a point on the unit circle on the interval
with a y-coordinate of . with a y-coordinate of .
5. 7. cos– 1
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Find a point on the unit circle on the interval Find a point on the unit circle on the interval
with a y-coordinate of . with an x-coordinate of .
–1 –1
When t = , sin t = . Therefore, sin When t = , cos t = . Therefore, cos =
= . .
9.
–1
7. cos
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: Find a point on the unit circle on the interval
Find a point on the unit circle on the interval with an x-coordinate of .
with an x-coordinate of .
11. arctan 1
9.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: Find a point on the unit circle on the interval
Find a point on the unit circle on the interval
such that =1.
with an x-coordinate of .
.
.
12. arctan (– )
10. cos– 1
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: Find a point on the unit circle on the interval
Find a point on the unit circle on the interval such that =– .
with an x-coordinate of .
–1
When t = , cos t = . Therefore, cos = . When t = , tan t = . Therefore,
11. arctan 1
arctan (– )= .
SOLUTION:
Find a point on the unit circle on the interval
13.
such that =1.
SOLUTION:
Find a point on the unit circle on the interval
such that = .
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 3
When t = , tan t = . Therefore,
4-6 arctan
Inverse –1
(– Trigonometric
)= . Functions When t = 0, tan t = . Therefore, tan 0 = 0.
15. ARCHITECTURE The support for a roof is
13.
shaped like two right triangles, as shown below. Find
θ.
SOLUTION:
Find a point on the unit circle on the interval
such that = .
SOLUTION:
Use inverse trigonometric functions and the unit
circle to solve.
Find a point on the unit circle on the interval
with a y-coordinate of .
–1
When t = , tan t = . Therefore, tan
= .
14. tan – 1 0
–1
SOLUTION: When t = , sin t = . Therefore, sin = .
Find a point on the unit circle on the interval
16. RESCUE A cruise ship sailed due west 24 miles
such that = 0.
before turning south. When the cruise ship became
disabled and the crew radioed for help, the rescue
boat found that the fastest route covered a distance
of 48 miles. Find the angle θ at which the rescue
boat should travel to aid the cruise ship.
–1
When t = 0, tan t = . Therefore, tan 0 = 0.
SOLUTION:
15. ARCHITECTURE The support for a roof is Use inverse trigonometric functions and the unit
shaped like two right triangles, as shown below. Find circle to solve.
θ.
Find a point on the unit circle on the interval
with an x-coordinate of .
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 4
–1
When t = , cos t = . Therefore, cos =
–1
4-6 When
Inverse
t = Trigonometric Functions
, sin t = . Therefore, sin = . .
Next, assign values to y on the interval to
make a table of values.
y x = sin y
–1
SOLUTION:
Use inverse trigonometric functions and the unit
circle to solve. 0 0
Find a point on the unit circle on the interval
with an x-coordinate of . 1
Plot the points and connect them with a smooth
curve.
18. y = sin – 1 2x
–1
When t = , cos t = . Therefore, cos =
SOLUTION:
–1
. First, rewrite y = sin 2x in the form sin y = x.
Next, assign values to y on the interval to
Next, assign values to y on the interval to
make a table of values.
make a table of values.
x = sin y
y y –3
–3.89
–3.85
0 0 0 –3
–2.15
–2.11
Plot the points and connect them with a smooth Plot the points and connect them with a smooth
curve. curve.
19. y = sin – 1 (x + 3)
SOLUTION:
–1 20. y = arcsin x – 3
First, rewrite y = sin (x + 3) in the form sin y = x.
SOLUTION:
First, rewrite y = arcsin x – 3 in the form sin y = x.
Next, assign values to y on the interval to
make a table of values. Next, assign values to y on the interval to
x = sin y make a table of values.
y - Powered
eSolutions Manual 3 Cognero
– by Page 6
x = sin(y +
–3.89
y 3)
4-6 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Next, assign values to y on the interval to
make a table of values.
Next, assign values to y on the interval to
make a table of values. y x = cos y
0 1
x = sin(y +
y 3)
0.99 0
0.80
0 0.14
-1
−0.60
−0.99 Plot the points and connect them with a smooth
curve.
Plot the points and connect them with a smooth
curve.
21. y = arccos x
22. y = cos– 1 3x
SOLUTION:
First, rewrite y = arccos x in the form cos y = x. SOLUTION:
–1
First, rewrite y = cos 3x in the form cos y = x.
Next, assign values to y on the interval to
make a table of values.
y x = cos y Next, assign values to y on the interval to
0 1
make a table of values.
y
0 0
y
–1
0 0
0
1
3.08
0
Plot the points and connect them with a smooth
curve.
Plot the points and connect them with a smooth
curve.
24. y = tan– 1 3x
SOLUTION:
–1
First, rewrite y = tan 3x in the form tan y = x.
23. y = arctan x
SOLUTION:
First, rewrite y = arctan x in the form tan y = x.
Next, assign values to y on the interval to
y x= tan y
–2
0 –1
0
0 0
Plot the points and connect them with a smooth
curve.
Further investigation reveals that as x approaches
Plot the points and connect them with a smooth
curve. negative infinity, y approaches , and as x
Further investigation reveals that as x approaches
approaches positive infinity, y approaches .
negative infinity, y approaches − , and as x
approaches positive infinity, y approaches .
25. y = tan– 1 (x + 1)
26. y = arctan x – 1
SOLUTION:
–1 SOLUTION:
First, rewrite y = tan (x + 1) in the form tan y = x.
First, rewrite y = arctan x – 1 in the form tan y = x.
28. SPORTS Steve and Ravi want to project a pro
soccer game on the side of their apartment building.
They have placed a projector on a table that stands 5
feet above the ground and have hung a 12-foot-tall
screen 10 feet above the ground.
27. DRAG RACE A television camera is filming a
drag race. The camera rotates as the vehicles move
past it. The camera is 30 meters away from the
track. Consider θ and x as shown in the figure.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 10
28. SPORTS Steve and Ravi want to project a pro
soccer game on the side of their apartment building.
4-6 They have Trigonometric
Inverse placed a projector onFunctions
a table that stands 5
feet above the ground and have hung a 12-foot-tall
screen 10 feet above the ground.
b. The goal is to maximize θ, so if we graph
, we can identify the maximum
value of θ. The d-value that corresponds with this
maximum is the distance.
SOLUTION:
We are asked to find θ in terms of d. However, we The inverse property applies, because lies on the
do not know the value of the angle α either. Using
right triangle trigonometry, we can determine that tan interval [–1, 1]. Therefore, = .
α= and tan (θ + α) = . Now we have two
equations, but still three variables. We need to find a
way to eliminate α. 30.
If we can get α and θ + α isolated in each equation,
we can eliminate α. SOLUTION:
31.
SOLUTION:
32. cos– 1 (cos π)
SOLUTION:
b. The goal is to maximize θ, so if we graph
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero The inverse property applies, because π lies onPage
the 11
, we can identify the maximum interval
–1
. Therefore, cos (cos π)= π.
value of θ. The d-value that corresponds with this
corresponds to . So, cos = .
The inverse property applies, because lies on the
4-6 interval
Inverse [–1,Trigonometric
1]. Therefore, Functions
= . cos (tan
–1
1) =
32. cos– 1 (cos π)
36.
SOLUTION:
The inverse property applies, because π lies on the SOLUTION:
–1
interval . Therefore, cos (cos π)= π.
First, find cos . On the unit circle, corresponds
34. 37.
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
–1
The inverse property applies, because lies on the First, find cos . To do this, find a point on the
unit circle on the interval [0, 2π] with an x-coordinate
interval . Therefore, = .
of . When t = , cos t = . Therefore,
35. cos (tan– 1 1) –1
cos = .
SOLUTION:
–1
First, find tan 1. The inverse property applies,
because 1 is on the interval . Therefore, Next, find or sin . On the unit circle,
–1
tan 1= . Next, find cos . On the unit circle,
corresponds to (0, 1). So, sin = 1, and
cos (tan
–1
1) = 38. sin (tan– 1 1 – sin– 1 1)
SOLUTION:
–1
36. First, find tan 1. To do this, find a point on the unit
circle on the interval [0, 2π] with an x-coordinate
SOLUTION: equal to the y-coordinate. When t = , cos t = sin t
First, find cos . On the unit circle, corresponds –1
= . Therefore, tan 1= .
to (0, 1). So, cos = 0.
–1
Next, find sin 1. To do this, find a point on the unit
–1 circle on the interval [0, 2π] with a y-coordinate of 1.
Next,
eSolutions find -sin
Manual 0. The
Powered inverse property applies,
by Cognero Page 12
–1 –1
because 0 is on the interval [–1, 1]. Therefore, sin When t = , sin t = 1 . Therefore, sin 1= .
to . So, = .
corresponds to (0, 1). So, sin = 1, and
= 1.
4-6 Inverse Trigonometric Functions sin (tan
–1
1 – sin
–1
1) =
–1 –1
= . Therefore, tan 1= . Therefore, tan 1= .
–1 –1
Next, find sin 1. To do this, find a point on the unit Find sin 1. Find a point on the unit circle on the
circle on the interval [0, 2π] with a y-coordinate of 1. interval [0, 2π] with an y-coordinate of 1. When t =
–1 –1
When t = , sin t = 1 . Therefore, sin 1= . , sin t = 1 . Therefore, sin 1= .
Find . On the unit circle, corresponds
Find . On the unit circle, corresponds
to . So, = .
to . So, = .
–1 –1
cos (tan 1 – sin 1) =
–1 –1
sin (tan 1 – sin 1) =
40.
39. cos (tan– 1 1 – sin– 1 1)
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
–1 –1
Find tan 1. Find a point on the unit circle on the Find cos 0. Find a point on the unit circle on the
interval [0, 2π] with an x-coordinate equal to the y- interval [0, 2π] with an x-coordinate equal 0. When t
FindManual - Powered
eSolutions . Onbythe unit circle,
Cognero corresponds Page 13
From the Pythagorean Theorem, the length of the
Find . On the unit circle, corresponds side opposite u is . Now, solve for tan u.
to . So, .
= .
So, tan (arccos x) = .
Write each trigonometric expression as an
algebraic expression of x.
41. tan (arccos x) 42. csc (cos– 1 x)
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
–1
Let u = arccos x, so cos u = x. Let u = cos x, so cos u = x.
Because the domain of the inverse cosine function is Because the domain of the inverse cosine function is
restricted to Quadrants I and II, u must lie in one of restricted to Quadrants I and IV, u must lie in one of
these quadrants. The solution is similar for each these quadrants. The solution is similar for each
quadrant, so we will solve for Quadrant I. quadrant, so we will solve for Quadrant I.
Draw a diagram of a right triangle with an acute Draw a diagram of a right triangle with an acute
angle u, an adjacent side length x and a hypotenuse angle u, an adjacent side length x and a hypotenuse
length 1. length 1.
4-6 So, tan (arccos
Inverse x) = . Functions
Trigonometric So, csc (cos
–1
x) = .
From the Pythagorean Theorem, the length of the From the Pythagorean Theorem, the length of the
side opposite to u is . Now, find csc u. side opposite u is . Now, solve for sin u.
–1
So, sin (cos x) = .
–1
So, csc (cos x) = .
44. cos (arcsin x)
43. sin (cos– 1 x) SOLUTION:
Let u = arcsin x, so sin u = x.
SOLUTION:
–1
Let u = cos x, so cos u = x. Because the domain of the inverse cosine function is
restricted to Quadrants I and II, u must lie in one of
Because the domain of the inverse cosine function is these quadrants. The solution is similar for each
restricted to Quadrants I and II, u must lie in one of quadrant, so we will solve for Quadrant I.
these quadrants. The solution is similar for each
quadrant, so we will solve for Quadrant I. Draw a diagram of a right triangle with an acute
angle u, an opposite side length x and a hypotenuse
Draw a diagram of a right triangle with an acute length 1.
angle u, an adjacent side length x and a hypotenuse
length 1.
From the Pythagorean Theorem, the length of the
From the Pythagorean Theorem, the length of the
side adjacent to u is . Now, solve for cos u.
side adjacent to u is . Now, solve for csc u.
So, cos (arcsin x) = . –1
So, csc(sin x) = .
45. csc (sin– 1 x)
46. sec (arcsin x)
SOLUTION:
–1 SOLUTION:
Let u = sin x, so sin u = x.
Let u = arcsin x, so sin u = x.
Because the domain of the inverse cosine function is
Because the domain of the inverse cosine function is
restricted to Quadrants I and II, u must lie in one of
restricted to Quadrants I and IV, u must lie in one of
these quadrants. The solution is similar for each
these quadrants. The solution is similar for each
quadrant, so we will solve for Quadrant I.
quadrant, so we will solve for Quadrant I.
Draw a diagram of a right triangle with an acute
Draw a diagram of a right triangle with an acute
angle u, an opposite side length x and a hypotenuse
angle u, an opposite side length x and a hypotenuse
length 1.
length 1.
From the Pythagorean Theorem, the length of the From the Pythagorean Theorem, the length of the
side adjacent to u is . Now, solve for sec u. side opposite u is . Now, solve for cot u.
So, sec(arcsin x) = . So, cot (arccos x) = .
arccosecant
The six main trigonometric ratios are all ratios of
The six main trigonometric ratios are all ratios of some combination of the three sides of a right
some combination of the three sides of a right triangle. From our diagram, all we know is the
triangle. From our diagram, all we know is the hypotenuse is equal to 1. Since we need to find a
hypotenuse is equal to 1. Since we need to find a trigonometric function of something that gives
trigonometric function of something that gives us
us , we can arbitrarily let one side of the
, we can arbitrarily let one side of the
triangle represent the numerator, x, and the other
triangle represent the numerator, x, and the other
side represent the denominator, .
side represent the denominator, .
f f −1
g −1 g
Function
y = tan x y = 3 tan x
72. Writing in Math Explain how the restrictions on the Vertical
sine, cosine, and tangent functions dictate the domain Asymptote
and range of their inverse functions. Intermediate
SOLUTION: Point
x-int
Sample answer: The restricted domains of the (0, 0) (0, 0)
cosine, sine, and tangent functions become the
ranges of the arccosine, arcsine, and arctangent Intermediate
functions respectively. Additionally, the ranges of the Point
cosine, sine, and tangent functions under these Vertical
restrictions become the domains of their inverses. Asymptote
−1 Sketch the curve through the indicated key points for
For example, when −1 ≤ x ≤ 1, sin (sin x) = x. In
this Manual
eSolutions case, the rangeby
- Powered ofCognero
sin x, [−1, 1], limits the domain the function. Then repeat the pattern. Page 26
−1
of sin x.
−1
For example, when −1 ≤ x ≤ 1, sin (sin x) = x. In
this case, the range of sin x, [−1, 1], limits the domain
4-6 Inverse
−1 Trigonometric Functions
of sin x.
75. y = 3 csc θ
SOLUTION:
74. y = cot 5θ The graph of y = 3 csc θ is the graph of y = csc x
SOLUTION: expanded vertically and expanded horizontally. The
The graph of is the graph of y = cot x period is or 4π. Find the location of two vertical
expanded vertically. The period is or π. Find the
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 27
location of two consecutive vertical asymptotes. asymptotes.
4-6 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
and
78.
76. WAVES A leaf floats on the water bobbing up and
down. The distance between its highest and lowest SOLUTION:
points is 4 centimeters. It moves from its highest An acute angle measure and the length of the
point down to its lowest point and back to its highest opposite leg are given, so the sine function can be
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 28
point every 10 seconds. Write a cosine function that used to find the length of the hypotenuse x.
models the movement of the leaf in relationship to
the equilibrium point.
4-6 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
79.
SOLUTION:
An acute angle measure and the length of a leg are
given, so the cosine function can be used to find the 81. f (x) = 6 − 5x; g(x) =
length of the hypotenuse x.
SOLUTION:
2
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero 82. f (x) = ; g(x) = x + 1 Page 29
SOLUTION:
4-6 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
10 questions
A 25
B 37
C 41
D 53
E 73
SOLUTION:
The side adjacent to θ is 24 − 8 − 8 or 8 feet. The
side opposite θ is 10 − 4 or 6 feet. We can use
tangent to find θ.
J
10 questions
SOLUTION:
84. SAT/ACT To the nearest degree, what is the angle
–1
of depression θ between the shallow end and the First, find tan . To do this, find a point on the
deep end of the swimming pool?
unit circle on the interval [0, 2π] to represent this
ratio.
A 25 −1
Therefore, sin θ = .
4-6 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
The correct choice is B. The correct choice is H.
85. Which of the following represents the exact value of 86. REVIEW The hypotenuse of a right triangle is 67
inches. If one of the angles has a measure of 47°,
? what is the length of the shortest leg of the triangle?
A 45.7 in.
F B 49.0 in.
C 62.5 in.
G D 71.8 in.
SOLUTION:
H The shortest leg of a right triangle is opposite the
smallest angle of the triangle. One angle is 90°,
another is 47°, and the last angle is 43°. We can use
J
sine and this angle to find the length of the shortest
side.
SOLUTION:
–1
First, find tan . To do this, find a point on the
unit circle on the interval [0, 2π] to represent this
ratio.
F 39
G 44
H 51
J 78
SOLUTION:
If truck A is traveling twice as fast, then it has
Therefore, sin θ = . traveled twice the distance as truck B. Therefore, in
the diagram, the length of CB is x and the length of
The correct choice is H. CA is 2x.We can use the Pythagorean theorem to
determine the length of CB.
86. REVIEW The hypotenuse of a right triangle is 67
inches. If one of the angles has a measure of 47°,
what is the length of the shortest leg of the triangle?
A 45.7 in.
B 49.0 in.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 31
C 62.5 in.
D 71.8 in.
4-6 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
The correct choice is A.
F 39
G 44
H 51
J 78
SOLUTION:
If truck A is traveling twice as fast, then it has
traveled twice the distance as truck B. Therefore, in
the diagram, the length of CB is x and the length of
CA is 2x.We can use the Pythagorean theorem to
determine the length of CB.
This is the distance that truck B has traveled in 4
hours.The approximate speed is about 39.1 miles per
hour. The correct choice is F.