AUDIO- VISUAL AIDS

Objectives

„ List three common faults with audio-

visual aids
„ List five audio-visual aids and one
advantage and disadvantage of each
„ Prepare at least two overhead
transparencies using the materials
provided during a workshop

Instructor Development Course

Objectives

„ Demonstrate the correct use of at least

three audio-visual aids. The use will be
demonstrated during the trainee’s
formal fifty minute presentation during
the final week of the course

Instructor Development Course

Audio-Visual Aids - Definition

„ Any device or piece of equipment that is

used to help present information on a
subject by stimulating a response
„ May be a sight or sound device
„ May be a combination of these

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Audio-Visual Aids -Purpose

„ Used to reinforce verbal communication

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Audio-Visual Aid Uses

„ Stimulate interest and emphasize

„ Promote efficiency

„ Clarify subject matter

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Common Faults With
Audio -Visual Aids
„ Do not replace the instructor
„ Illustrations are too crowded
„ Colors are misused
„ Letters and symbols are illegible

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Sense Perception
„ Sight is the most highly developed among the
five senses
„ The most effective verbal communication is
enhanced through oral and visual messages
„ 75% of our learning is through sight
„ 13% of our learning is through hearing
„ Students retain 50% of what they see and
hear

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Selection of Audio-Visual Aids

„ Considerations
– Instructor experience
– Subject matter of presentation
– Size of room
– Composition of students
– Length of presentation
– Resources available

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Determining Use of Visual Aids

„ Write out your message

„ Look for visuals
„ Sketch the graphics
„ Try the audio and visual combination

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Types of Visual Aids
Chalkboard, Dry Write tm Board

„ Simple „ Uses
„ Direct – symbols
„ Inexpensive – key phrases
– illustrations
„ Versatile
– development of
ideas

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Chalkboard, Dry Write tm Board

„ Advantages
– Easy to make changes
– Excellent two-way communication
– Inexpensive
– Good for step-by-step instruction

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Chalkboard, Dry Write tm Board

„ Disadvantages
– Not portable
– Not permanent
– Poor for showing details
– Time consuming
– Loss of eye contact with the class

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Flip Chart

„ Prepared on heavy duty paper or other

flexible material
„ Prepared prior to the presentation
„ Vary in size
– 11 x 17 inches to 30 x 40 inches

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Flip Chart

„ Advantages
– Inexpensive
– Easy to prepare and make changes
– Easy to transport
– Simple to set up
– No special lighting
– Reusable
– Step by step instruction

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Flip Chart

„ Disadvantages
– Charts get dirty and ragged with use
– Attached art work may not roll up easily
– Tape-ons can fall off as they lose adhesive
– Class size limited to those who can see the
chart clearly

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Poster

„ Prepared on heavy weight illustrative

boards
„ Allow for more sophistication
„ Photographs and 3D objects can be
attached

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Poster

„ Advantages
– Wide range of illustrative techniques can
be used
– Permanent record
– Reusable
– Easy to set up

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Poster

„ Disadvantages
– Bulky
– Repeated use can cause poster to break or
bend
– Less portable
– May warp
– Difficult to make changes

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Photographic Slides

„ Color slides
„ A combination of photographic and
illustrative techniques

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Photographic Slides

„ Advantages
– Subject matter is unlimited
– Can be easily rearranged
– Permanent and easy to handle and carry
– Projection equipment easily available
– Can be easily duplicated
– Presentation can be stopped for discussion

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Photographic Slides

„ Disadvantages
– Room needs to be dark
– Requires time and special equipment
– More expensive than flipcharts
– Requires set up time and testing
– Equipment may fail

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Overhead Projector

„ Produces an image indirectly by means

of a mirror and a condensing lens
„ Images are printed on transparencies
„ Transparencies can be 10” x 10” in size

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Overhead Projector
„ Advantages
– Instructor can face the class and present
information
– Easy to prepare and modify
– Can use step-by-step presentations
– Preparation is easy and inexpensive
– Handouts can be made directly from the
transparency
– Permanent and reusable
Instructor Development Course
Overhead Projector

„ Disadvantages
– May require a darkened room
– Projection equipment may not be available
– Projection may change if not set up
properly
– Difficult to manipulate

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Audio Recordings

„ Reel, cassette tape, compact discs

„ Actual events can be played back to the
class
„ Excellent for training that requires
repetition

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Audio Recordings

„ Advantages
– Easy to use and provide a permanent,
reusable record
– Can record real episodes
– Recorders are portable

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Audio Recordings

„ Disadvantages
– Only provide the oral portion of an episode
not the visual

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Videotape

„ Excellent to show reactions to behavior

of a group or individual
„ Instructor must be familiar with the
operation of the equipment and the
effective use of the videotape

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Videotape

„ Advantages
– Instant replay of subject material
– Permanent and reusable
– Versatile media
– Allows both the audio and visual to be
recorded

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Videotape

„ Disadvantages
– Requires practice
– May be bulky to handle all the equipment
– May distract students while they are being
vidoetaped

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Models

„ An actual replication of the object under

discussion
„ Usually made to scale
„ Have movable and removable parts
„ Excellent instructional aids

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Models

„ Advantages
– Having the real thing in the classroom
– Permanent and reusable
– Adds realism to training instruction

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Models

„ Disadvantages
– Expensive
– Can require skill to use in front of the
classroom

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Handouts

„ Any written material to be covered in

class or information that supports the
material covered during class
„ Can cover a lot of in depth material

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Handouts

„ Advantages
– Good for covering forms
– Can cover in depth material
– Inexpensive
– Easy to make changes to small handouts

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Handouts

„ Disadvantages
– Student will spend class time going over a
handout if it is not covered in class
– Difficult to make changes if the handout is
large
– Current forms need to be constantly
updated
– Spelling must be checked
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Demonstrations

„ Show the trainee how the task is to be

preformed
„ Shows realism
„ Excellent for learning skills
„ Requires practice

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Demonstrations

„ Advantages
– Good for skills training
– Student will walk out with in depth
knowledge of a task
– Allows interaction between instructor and
trainee

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Demonstrations

„ Disadvantages
– Time consuming
– Low student to instructor ratio
– Instructor must perform well so trainee will
perform well
– Needs extra equipment

Instructor Development Course

Computer Presentations

„ The use of a computer and a projector

to show information
„ Versions like PowerPoint tm and Corel
Presentations tm
„ Directly produces and image on the
screen
„ Good for showing graphics

Instructor Development Course

Computer Presentations

„ Advantages
– Instructor faces the class while presenting
information
– Handouts can be made directly from the
slides
– Permanent and reusable
– Animation and movement are possible
– Easy and inexpensive
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Computer Presentations

„ Disadvantages
– May require a darkened room
– Equipment may not be readily available
– Knowledge and skills are required to
produce and perform

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How to Use Computer
Presentations
„ Turn on computer and load
PowerPointtm
„ Building a basic presentation
– Click on new slide
– Choose a slide layout
– Fill in text
– Save

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How to Use Computer
Presentations
„ Adding a background
– Go to format and Apply design
– Pick a design already set up or create your
own background by choosing a colot
„ Animation
– Click on slide sorter view and pick the
effect or transition wanted
– Save
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How to Use Computer
Presentations
„ Inserting images
– Go to insert from toolbar
– Choose what file or clipart, this will
automatically go into the slide
– Save
„ Outline
– Choose outline from the toolbar
– Provides an outline format of the text for
easier use
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How to Use Computer
Presentations
„ Notes
– Go to View Notes Page on the toolbar
– This allows the user to make notes under
the slide
„ Printing
– Go to file and print
– Select handouts
– Print in color or black and white
– Slides can be used as handouts
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Audio - Visual Tips

„ Select the correct aid

„ Prepare prior to instruction
„ Be familiar with the equipment
„ Know how to use the aid
„ Make sure all students can see and
hear the aid
„ Check for effect on the class
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Audio - Visual Tips

„ Practice using different types of aids

„ Do not get in to a rut
„ Be flexible
„ Experiment
„ Select an audio visual aid that is
appropriate for reaching the training
objective
Instructor Development Course
Instructional Objective Review

„ List three common faults with audio-

visual aids
„ List five audio-visual aids and one
advantage and disadvantage of each
„ Prepare at least two overhead
transparencies using the materials
provided during a workshop

Instructor Development Course

Instructional Objective Review

„ Demonstrate the correct use of at least

three audio-visual aids. The use will be
demonstrated during the trainee’s
formal fifty minute presentation during
the final week of the course

Instructor Development Course