PN 2200

PN 2200 COURSE
ADVANCED PNEUMATICS
DEGEM® SYSTEMS
Copyright © 2003 by I.T.E. Innovative Technologies in Education. All
rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any
form without prior written permission from I.T.E. This publication is based
on the exclusive methodology of Degem Systems Ltd.
In the interest of product improvement, circuits, components or values of

components may be changed at any time without prior notification.
First edition printing: 1986

Second edition printing: 1987,1988,1991
Reproduced from Degem PN 2200 Courseware: 2003
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Lesson 1 – The Punch Machine 1-1
Lesson 2 - The Air Sliding Principle 2-1
Lesson 3 - The Air Motor 3-1
Lesson 4 - The Venturi Priniciple 4-1
Lesson 5 - The Pneumatic Manipulator 5-1
Lesson 6 - Logic "OR" Gate 6-1
Lesson 7 - Heat Sealing 7-1
Lesson 8 - Logic "AND" Gate 8-1
Lesson 9 - "Two Hands On" Safety Circuit 9-1
Lesson 10 - Logic "NOT " Gate 10-1
Lesson 11 - Logic "OR-NOT " Gate 11-1
Lesson 12 - Logic "AND-NOT " (NAND) Gate 12-1
Lesson 13 - Logic Memory 13-1
Lesson 14 - Trigger Flip-Flop 14-1
Lesson 15 - The Door Control 15-1
Lesson 16- Clamping/ Drill Control Unit 16-1
Lesson 17- Cascade Circuits 17-1
Lesson 18- Decimal to Binary Conversion 18-1
Lesson 19- Time Base Counting 19-1
Lesson 20- Double-Counting Pneumatic Control 20-1
Lesson 21- Sliding Table & Drilling System 21-1

PN-2200 1-1
LESSON No. 1: THE PUNCH MACHINE

LAB OBJECTIVES
This exercise will enable you to:
 Explain the function and use of a quick exhaust valve.
 Build a control circuit based on the principle of an increased
speed, pneumatic cylinder, according to a given diagram.
EQUIPMENT
1 Pneumatic workstation (PN-2001)
1 3/2-way, spring return manual valve V1 with push button (PN-2110 panel)
1 Double-acting cylinder CY3 (PN-2120 panel)

1 5/2-way valve, pilot spring return valve V4 (PN-2110 panel)
1 Flow control with check valve F1 (PN-2110 panel)
1 Quick exhaust valve QE (PN-2230 PANEL)
1 Set of pneumatic accessories (PN-2160)
DISCUSSION
1. QUICK EXHAUST VALVE

A quick exhaust valve accelerates piston movement on the return motion C-, by
allowing air to evacuate from the cylinder a very short distance.
Cylinder CY3 performs C+ (moves down) quickly and punches the plastic surface.
Mass M enables the accumulation of kinetic energy for the punching action.
PN-2200 1-2
2. DESCRIPTION
Figure 1.1 illustrates plastic punching system.
The control circuit is shown in figure 1.2.

PN-2200 1-3
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
1. SAFETY RULES
1.1 Make sure you close the valve in the air supply and there is no
pressure in the pipe, before disconnecting components.
1.2 Adjust the pressure regulator on the master board to 2 bars.
2. EXERCISE PROCEDURE
2.1 Study the quick discharge valve QE (see figure 1.3). The
valve has
three ports:
- Port "R", a vent without a connection
- Port "P", a pressure inlet
- Port "A", the air outlet
The quick exhaust valve enables the air vented from the cylinder,
to evacuate rapidly through port "R".
2.2 Build the control circuit, paying careful attention to the valves
connections (according to figure 1.2).
2.3 Operation of the control circuit:
2.3.1 Fully close needle valve F1.
2.3.2 Open needle valve F1 half a turn.
2.3.3 Activate valve V1 and observe the back and forth movement of
piston C.
2.3.4 Measure (approximately) the time required for the piston to move
toward C+ and return to C-.
2.3.5 Repeat step 2.3.3 and 2.3.4 after changing the pressure to 3 bars
and 4 bars.
2.3.6 Record the measurements in the table.
PN-2200 1-4
Pressure Time (sec)

C+ C-
2 bars
3 bars
4 bars
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Is the location of the quick exhaust valve important?
No. It doesn't matter.
Yes. It should be close to the cylinder.
Yes. It should be far away from the cylinder.
No. As long as it is located between V1 and V4.
2. The quick exhaust valve affects the cylinder speed by:

Increasing the air pressure.
Increasing the air speed.
Speeding up air release while the piston moves toward
C+.
Decreasing the time needed to activate V4.
3. In the control circuit, the quick exhaust valve increases the piston speed:
Toward C+.
Toward C-.
In both directions.
In neither direction.
PN-2200 2-1
LESSON No. 2: THE AIR SLIDING PRINCIPLE

LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the air sliding principle.
 Explain the air bearing principle.
 Implement these principles in building a control circuit for an
"air sliding system" according to the given diagram.
EQUIPMENT
1 3/2-way, manual valve V3 (PN-2130 panel)
1 1 kg (approx.) weight W1
1 2 kg (approx.) weight W2
1 Plexiglas or plane surface (dimensions: 20cm x 20cm)
1 Floating body (PN-2220 panel)
DISCUSSION
A control circuit for an air sliding system is illustrated in figure 2.1.
The floating body is laid on a smooth, level surface (plexiglas, formica, etc.) and
connected to the outlet port of valve V3.
Valve V3 is coupled to the air supply, allowing air to penetrate the internal space of the
floating body.
The weight and floating body are forced toward the surface with air cushion
support, allowing effortless movement under the influence of force F.
PN-2200 2-2
1. SAFETY RULES
1.2 Adjust the pressure regulator on the master board to 1 bar.
2.1 Build the control circuit according to the diagram in figure 2.1.
2.2 Operate the control circuit:
2.2.1 Activate valve V3 and observe the force F needed to move the floating
body.
2.2.2 Place the 1 kg weight on the floating body, reactivate V3 and observe the
force F needed to move the floating body.
2.2.3 Replace the 1 kg weight with the 2 kg weight, activate V3 and observe the
force F needed to move the floating body.
2.2.4 Add the 1 kg weight to the 2 kg weight already on the floating
body, activate V3 and observe the force F needed to move the floating
body.
2.2.5 Repeat tests 2.2.1 to 2.2.4 after changing the pressure to 2 bars.
2.2.6 Repeat tests 12.2.1 to 2.2.4 after changing the pressure to 3 bars.
2.3 Disassemble the control circuit:
Make sure you close the valve in the air supply and there is
no
pressure in the pipes before disconnecting components.
PN-2200 2-3
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Is there a connection between air pressure and force F?
No. There's no connection.
Yes. Increasing pressure will increase force F.
Yes. Increasing pressure will reduce friction
between the body and the surface.
Low pressure will reduce force F.
2. Can a state of F=0 be reached?

Yes. At maximum pressure.
Yes. At minimum pressure.
No. As air also creates friction.
No. Due to body weight.
PN-2200 3-1
LESSON No. 3: THE AIR MOTOR

LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the function and operating principle of an air motor.
 Use an air motor in a control circuit in order to activate a
machine.
 Build the control circuit according to the given diagram.
 Control and change the static torque of an air motor.
EQUIPMENT
1 Pressure gauge
1 Load and torque measuring device FR1 (PN-2220 panel)
1 Air motor, single-acting with fixed displacement M1 (PN-2220 panel)
DISCUSSION
1. PNEUMATIC SINGLE ACTING AIR MOTOR WITH FIXED
DISPLACEMENT
This simply constructed motor is light and reliable. Its torque
can be controlled by regulating pressure.
A test system to activate and check an air motor is illustrated in figure 3.1.
2. DESCRIPTION
PN-2200 3-2
1. SAFETY RULES
2.1 Check the air motor and locate the pressure inlet.
Note: Please note to connect the air motor and the
pneumatic
workstation you have to use the 5mm plastic pipe and
the pressure
outlet port is located behind the air pressure regulator.
2.2 Build the motor activation system according to figure 3.1.
2.3 Operation of the system:
2.3.1 Operate the motor using the air supply valve. Check the direction
of rotation.
2.3.2 Stop the motor and couple it to the pulley device in order to
measure the torque.
2.3.3 Couple the dynamometer (FR1) to the device to allow the forces to
be measured.
2.3.4 Activate the air supply valve and measure the force. Measure the
forces at pressures of 2, 3, 4, and 6 bars. Record the data.
2.3.5 The diameter of the pulley is 8mm and calculate the torque at
pressures of 2, 3, 4 and 5 bars. Record the data.
Pressure (bar) 2 3 4 5
Force (N)
Torque (Ncm)
2.4 Disassemble the circuit:

Make sure you close the valve in the air supply and there is no
PN-2200 3-3
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Increasing air pressure will cause:
The load on the motor to increase and the speed to
decrease.
The load on the motor to decrease.
The motor speed to increase.
The motor torque to decrease.
2. Increasing the air pressure will cause:

Increased motor torque.
Decreased motor torque.
Increased friction.
No change at all.
3. Plotting torque against pressure will produce:

A curved line.
A straight line.
A graduated line.
No connection between the parameters.
PN-2200 4-1
LESSON No. 4: THE VENTURI PRINCIPLE (OPTIONAL LESSON)

LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the Venturi principle and its applications.
 Explain and measure the differential pressure resulting from the
Venturi Principle.
EQUIPMENT
1 Differential manometer (PN-2230 panel)
1 Venturi tube (PN-2230 panel)
DISCUSSION
1. THE VENTURI TUBE
The vacuum suction nozzle is used in automatic systems for moving items from place
to place. The nozzle serves as a clip, clipping the item, lifting it and moving it to
another location before releasing it.
2. DESCRIPTION
Air pressure is supplied to a Venturi tube with 3 openings, via valve V3 (see figure
4.1).
PN-2200 4-2
1. SAFETY RULES
1.2 Adjust the pressure regulator on the master board to 1 bar.
2.1 Build the pneumatic circuit according to the figure 4.1.
2.2 Operate the circuit:
2.2.1 Activate valve V3 and measure pressure difference. DP = P3 - P2 .
2.2.2 Vary the air supply pressure to 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 bars. Measure DP
for each pressure.
2.2.3 Record DP as a function of pressure, in the table.
Pressure(bar) 1 2 3 4 5 6
∆P=P3-P2
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. The pressure at point 1 on the Venturi tube is:
The highest pressure.
The lowest pressure.
The mean pressure.
Non-existent.
2. The pressure at point 2 on the Venturi tube is:
Higher than the pressure at point 3.
Lower than the pressure at point 1 and point 3.
Lower than the pressure at point 3 but higher than the pressure at
point 1.
Higher than the pressure at point 1 and point 3.
PN-2200 4-3
3. The relationship between pressure and air speed in the Venturi tube is
such that:
Increasing air speed will increase pressure.
Increasing air speed will reduce pressure.
Reducing air speed will reduce pressure.
There is no link between pressure and air speed.
PN-2200 5-1
LESSON No. 5: THE PNEUMATIC MANIPULATOR

LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the function of the vacuum valve and its industrial applications.
 Build a pneumatic control circuit that uses a vacuum valve according to the given
diagram.
EQUIPMENT
1 3/2-way, double pilot valve (converted 5/2-way, double pilot valve)
V2 (PN-2130 panel)
1 3/2-way, manual valve, spring return with push button V1 (PN-2110
panel)
1 3/2-way, mushroom button valve V6 (PN-2130 panel)
1 Vacuum actuator/suction Vk (PN-2210 panel)
DISCUSSION
A vacuum valve can be incorporated in a pneumatic system as a
"manipulator" for lifting various objects and setting them down, as
shown in figure 5.1.
Cylinder C operates a vacuum port at its limit, being a part of the
separately controlled vacuum valve Vk.
PN-2200 5-2
The operation cycle for moving a part from point A to point B can be
as follows:
C+ V+ C- B+ C+ V- C- B-
The manipulator can also rotate the base.
The vacuum valve activation control is straightforward and

similar to that of a single-acting cylinder (see figure 5.2).
1. SAFETY RULES
2.1 Study the control circuit in figure 5.2.
2.2 Build the control circuit according to figure 5.2.
2.3.1 Activate the system by pressing valve V6 only once.
PN-2200 5-3
2.3.2 Check the vacuum valve Vk port by placing a piece of cardboard on

the port. Ensure that the cardboard adheres to the port.
2.3.3 Cut off the vacuum valve port by activating valve V1 only.
2.3.4 Check that the piece of cardboard detaches and falls away.
no
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Increasing the air pressure to the vacuum valve will cause:
The cardboard to detach.
Greater cardboard adhesion.
No change at all.
Increased valve activity.
2. Does valve V2 have a memory?

No. It does not have a memory.
Yes. For adhering and releasing the cardboard.
It depends on the pressure supplied to the valve.
It depends on which of valves V1 and V6, is activated.
3. Blocking the air outlet from Vk will cause:
A pressure drop in the vacuum actuator.

A pressure rise in the vacuum actuator.
A disturbance to V2 operation.
V6 only, able to activate the circuit.
PN-2200 6-1
LESSON No. 6: THE LOGIC “OR” GATE

LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the properties and operating modes of the logic " OR " gate.
 Build a control circuit with an integrated " OR " gate.
EQUIPMENT
1 3/2-way, manual valve, spring return with push button V1
(PN-2110 panel)
1 3/2-way, mushroom button valve V (PN-2130 panel)
1 OR element (logic " OR " gate) (PN-2230 panel)
2 Pressure gauges
1 5/2-way, valve, pilot spring return V4 (PN-2110 panel)
1 Reservoir R (PN-2120 panel)
1 Pneumatic signal indicator (PN-2230 panel)
1 Check valve CV (PN-2110 panel)
DISCUSSION
1. THE LOGIC " OR " GATE
This gate has two input ports P1 and P2 and one outlet port A.
Air entering via port P1 or P2, or via both simultaneously, passes
through outlet port A.
PN-2200 6-2
When there is air in the inlet to the pneumatic signal

indicator, the lamp is activated and lights up.
The lamp is represented by a colored roll, which is activated
by a single-acting mini cylinder. Under pressure, the roll rises
up to indicate pressure.
2. PNEUMATIC SIGNAL INDICATOR
2.1 A pneumatic control circuit for activating the "OR" gate is shown in
figure 6.1.
2.2 An application of an "OR" gate in pneumatic control circuit for activating
a semi-automatic system is shown in figure 6.2.
PN-2200 6-3
1. SCREEN SIMULATION PROCEDURE
The simulation screen displays a simulation of the pneumatic
circuit that should be built on the operation panel.
Activating the simulation, will demonstrate the circuit
operation. Observe it carefully!
2. SAFETY RULES
PN-2200 6-4
3.1 Build the pneumatic circuit according to figure 6.1.
3.2.1 Press valve V6 only. This valve supplies air to port P1 of the logic OR
gate. Check that gauge PR1 shows the pressure.
3.2.2 Press valve V1 only. This valve supplies air to port P2 of the logic OR
gate. Check that gauge PR1 shows the pressure.
3.2.3 Press both valves V1 and V6 and check the reading on gauge PR1.
3.2.4 Repeat steps 3.2.1-3.2.3 using a pneumatic signal indicator, which
can be placed instead of the pressure gauge PR1 on the outlet port
A of the OR gate. While there is a pressure on the outlet A of the OR
gate the small red cap of the pneumatic signal indicator will rise up.
3.2.5 Record your results in the following truth table.
(0 - shows no pressure, 1 - shows pressure)
V6 V1 L1
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1

circuit (see in figure 6.2) that should be built on the operation
panel.
5.1 Build the pneumatic circuit according to figure 6.1.
PN-2200 6-5
5.2.1 Pressing valve V6 moves air through the port P of the logic OR gate
to the control port of valve V4.
When V4 changes its status, air is transmitted through valve
V1 and
OR gate to the control port of valve V4; that is, air floweded
from
two directions simultaneously.
After valve V4 changes its status, air to control V4 originates from
the outlet port of valve V4 through valve V1.
5.2.2 Observe the movement of the cylinder.
5.2.3 Change the position of flow control valve F1 and observe the
movement of the cylinder.
5.2.4 Press valve V1 and observe the piston movement.
no
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Activating V1 and V6 simultaneously will cause:
The air flow through the "OR" gate to be blocked.
Air flow from V1 to V6.
The air to flow through outlet A.
Pressure to rise to 4 bars.
2. A logic " OR " gate implies:

Air flow in one direction only.
Air flow, part of the time from V1 and part of the time
from V6.
Air flow only when supplied from both valves.
Air flow through port A when V1 or V6 or both are
activated.
PN-2200 7-1
LESSON No. 7: HEAT SEALING

LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the use of a timer in a pneumatic control circuit.
 Explain the use of an " OR " gate in a pneumatic control circuit.
 Build a pneumatic control circuit using a timer and an " OR " gate, according to
the given diagram.
EQUIPMENT
panel)
1 5/2-way, double pilot valve V5 (PN-2130 panel)
1 OR element ("OR" gate) (PN-2230 panel)
1 Pneumatic time delay (Timer) (PN-2230 panel)
DISCUSSION
1. PNEUMATIC TIME DELAY
A system for heat sealing of plastic bags is activated from
two different locations as shown on figure 7.1.
The duration of heat application can be adjusted by a pneumatic timer.
PN-2200 7-2
The internal control circuit is shown in figure 7.2.
2. DESCRIPTION
The timer (see in figure 7) delays the air reaching the outlet
port. It contains an inlet port, an outlet port and screw, which
adjusts the capacity of the reservoir.
PN-2200 7-3
The simulation screen displays a simulation of the pneumatic circuit
that should be built (see in figure 7.3) on the operation panel.
Figure 7.3
2. SAFETY RULES
3.1 Familiarization with timer T1:
3.1.1 Connect one of the outlets of the air supply to the inlet port of valve V6.
PN-2200 7-4
3.1.2 Study the timer T1 and identify the inlet, outlet and the screw that
activate the needle valve.
3.1.3 Connect the outlet port of valve V6 to the pressure inlet of the timer
and activate valve V6.
3.1.4 Check the time for the air to reach the outlet of timer T1.
3.1.5 Turn the screw on the timer and activate valve V6 one more time.
Check the delay time and compare the current delay time with the
previous delay time.
The simulation screen displays a simulation of the pneumatic circuit
(see in figure 7.2) that should be built on the operation panel.
operation.
Observe it carefully!
5.1 Review the circuit in figure 7.2 and understand its operation.
5.2 Build the circuit as shown on figure 7.2. Carefully check
valves V1
and V6. It is recommended to recheck valves OR1 and V5.
5.3 Activate the circuit:
5.3.1 Press valve V6 continueously and observe the piston movement.
5.3.2 Press valve V6 momentarily and observe the piston movement.
5.3.3 Press valve V1 momentarily and observe the piston movement.
5.3.4 Change the delay time by turning the delay time adjuster
screw on
valve T1 and repeat steps 5.3.1-5.3.3.
no pressure in the pipes before disconnecting components.
PN-2200 7-5
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Continuous, simultaneous activation of V1 and V6 will cause:
Double control and piston lock at B-.
Double control and piston lock at B+.
Automatic operation.
Single cycle operation.
2. Continuous activation of V6 will cause:

Piston lock at B-.
Piston movement to the middle of its stroke.
Single cycle performance.
3. Continuous activation of V1 will cause:

Piston lock at B-.
Single cycle performance.
Piston movement to the middle of its stroke.
PN-2200 8-1
LESSON No. 8: THE “AND” GATE

LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the function and use of the " AND " gate in control circuits.
 Build a control circuit that uses an " AND " gate, according to the given diagram.
EQUIPMENT
panel)
1 AND element ("AND" gate) (PN-2230 panel)
1 Pneumatic signal indicator L1 (PN-2230 panel)
DISCUSSION
1. THE LOGIC " AND " GATE
This gate has two inlet ports P1 and P2. Entry of air at inlet
port P1 only, or at inlet port P2 only, will not allow air
flow through exit A. Only simultaneous entry of air into
inlet ports P1 and P2 will permit air to flow through outlet
port A.
PN-2200 8-2
2. DESCRIPTION
A pneumatic control circuit for activating the " AND " gate is illustrated in
figure 8.2.
Activating the simulation, will demonstrate the circuit operation.
2. SAFETY RULES
3.1 Build the pneumatic circuit as shown on figure 8.2.
3.2 Operate the pneumatic circuit:
3.2.1 Open the air supply valves to pressurize the circuit. Record the
starting status of the signal indicator in the truth table.
3.2.2 Press valve V1 only. This valve supplies air to inlet P2 in gate AND.
Check if the pneumatic signal indicator responds. Record the result in the
truth table.
PN-2200 8-3
3.2.3 Press valve V6 only. This valve supplies air to inlet P1 of gate AND.
Check if the pneumatic signal indicator responds. Record the result in the
truth table.
3.2.4 Press valves V1 and V6 simultaneously and check the status of the
pneumatic signal indicator. Record the result.
3.2.5 Press valve V1 followed by valve V6. Check the status of the pneumatic
signal indicator. Record the result.
signal indicator. Record the result.
V6 V1 L1
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
1 1
1 1
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. A logic " AND " gate:
Allows flow in one direction only.
Outlet is pressurized if all inlets are pressurized.
Blocks any flow.
Outlet is pressurized if one of the inlets is pressurized.
2. Activating V1 will cause:

The pneumatic signal to indicate pressure.
The air to vent through V6.
Pressure not to be indicated.
V1 cannot be exclusively activated.

Double control and incorrect operation.
Pneumatic lock in the system.
Air not to vent through the "AND" gate.
Activation of the indicator.
PN-2200 9-1
LESSON No. 9: “TWO HANDS ON” SAFETY

LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the "two hands on" safety feature for the operation of a press, based on a timing
principle.
 Explain the operation of the OR gate in a safety circuit.
 Explain the operation of the AND gate in a safety circuit.
EQUIPMENT
panel)
(using as a 3/2-way double piloted valve)
1 OR element (OR gate) (PN-2230 panel)
1 AND element (AND gate) (PN-2230 panel)
1 Timer T1 (PN-2230 panel)
3 T connectors
DISCUSSION
A "two hands on" circuit is shown in figure 9.1 for the safe activation of a press.
PN-2200 9-2
If valve V1 and valve V6 are activated with a greater than permissible time
difference (between activating the two valves) cylinder CY2, which operates the
press, will not be activated.
2. SAFETY RULES
3.2.1 Set the timer (using the screw) T1 to half of the threaded rod. Press
valve V1 and after a short time, press valve V6. Observe the piston
movement.
PN-2200 9-3
3.2.2 Press valve V1 and after a longer time than step 3.2.1 the
valve V6.
Observe the piston movement.
Note: When the time between pressing V1 and pressing V6 is longer
than the preset delay time, the piston doesn't move.
3.2.3 Set different delay time and repeat steps 3.2.1 and 3.2.2 and observe
the piston movement.
3.2.4 Modify the control circuit (see figure 9.2) and activate the circuit.
3.2.5 Press valve V6 followed by valve V1. Observe the piston movement.
3.2.6 Press valve V1 followed by valve V6. Observe the piston movement.
3.2.7 Adjust the flow control valve F1 to change the delay and repeat the
steps 3.2.5 and 3.2.6.
PN-2200 9-4
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. What is the function of OR gate?
To supply pressurized air to valve V2 control +.
To supply pressurized air to valve V2 control -.
To supply pressurized air to cylinder.
2. What is the function of AND gate?

To supply pressurized air to valves V2 and V4 control +.
To supply pressurized air to the cylinder.
PN-2200 10-1
LESSON No. 10: THE NOT GATE

LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the function and use of the " NOT " gate in control circuits.
 Build a control circuit incorporating an " NOT " gate, according to a given diagram.
EQUIPMENT
panel)
1 NOT element (NOT gate) (PN-2240 panel)
DISCUSSION
1. THE " NOT " GATE
This gate has two inlet ports P1 and X. In the case of a NOT gate, air
flows through outlet A (A = 1) only, when inlet port P1 is activated
and inlet port X is not activated.
The NOT gate is call an INVERTER.
PN-2200 10-2
2. DESCRIPTION
A pneumatic control circuit for activating the " NOT " gate is illustrated in
figure 10.2.
2. SAFETY RULES
1 = activated, 0 = not activated, 3 = undefined
PN-2200 10-3
3.2.2 Press valve V1 only. This valve supplies air to inlet X in gate NOT.
Check if the pneumatic signal indicator responds. Record the result
in the truth table.
3.2.3 Press valve V6 only. This valve supplies air to inlet P of gate NOT.
in the truth table.
3.2.5 Press valve V1 followed by valve V6. Check the status of the
3.2.6 Press valve V6 followed by valve V1. Check the status of
the
V6 V1 L1
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
1 1
1 1
fdfs
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Which action will energize the signal indicator?

Pressing valves V6 and V1 simultaneously.
Pressing valve V6 only.
Pressing valve V1 only.
2. What can the NOT gate be used for?

End of cylinder stroke sensor.
Inverter.
Both answers 1 and 2.
Neither answer 1 nor answer 2.
PN-2200 11-1
LESSON No. 11: THE NOR (OR-NOT) GATE

LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the function and use of the " NOR " gate in control circuits.
 Build a control circuit incorporating an " NOR " gate, according to the given diagram.
EQUIPMENT
panel)
1 OR element (OR gate) (PN-2240 panel)
DISCUSSION
1. THE " NOR " GATE
This gate shown in figure 11.1 contains an OR gate and a NOT gate. It has three
inlet ports P1 and P2 for the OR gate and P for the NOT gate.
The outlet port A of the OR gate is connected to port X of NOT gate.
The outlet port of the NOR gate is the outlet port A of the NOT gate.
The outlet port A of the NOR gate is pressurized only when the two inlet ports of
the OR gate are not activated.
PN-2200 11-2
2. DESCRIPTION
A pneumatic control circuit for activating the " NOR " gate is illustrated in
figure 11.2.
2. SAFETY RULES
PN-2200 11-3
3.2.2 Press valve V1 only. This valve supplies air to inlet P2 of the OR
gate. Check if the pneumatic signal indicator responds. Record the
result in the truth table.
3.2.3 Press valve V6 only. This valve supplies air to inlet P1 of the OR
gate. Check if the pneumatic signal indicator responds. Record the
result in the truth table.
3.2.6 Press valve V6 followed by valve V1. Check the status of
the pneumatic signal indicator. Record the result.
V6 V1 L1
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
1 1
1 1
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. When will the signal indicator energize?
Never.
When both valves V6 and V1 are not pressed.
When both valves V6 and V1 are pressed.
When valve V6 is pressed.
2. What would happen if you switched the inlet ports connections to NOT gate?
Nothing.
The signal indicator will never be activated.
The signal indicator will be activated immediately.
The level of NOR gate outlet will be undefined.
3. What would happen if you switched the inlet port connections to OR gate?
The same results will be obtained.
The signal indicator will never be activated.
The signal indicator will activated as valve V6 is pressed.
The level of NOR gate outlet will be undefined.
PN-2200 12-1
LESSON No. 12: THE LOGIC NAND (AND-NOT) GATE

LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the function and use of the logic " NAND " gate.
 Build a pneumatic control circuit with an integrated logic " NAND " gate, according to
a given diagram.
EQUIPMENT
panel)
1 AND element (AND gate) (PN-2240 panel)
DISCUSSION
1. THE AND GATE
This gate has two inlet ports P and X. Air entry at inlet port P
and
non-entry of air at input port X, enables air flow through outlet port A.
When air is regularly applied to port X, the gate becomes an inverter gate.
This gate has two inlet ports P1 and P2. Air flow into inlet port P1 only or
inlet port P2 only, will not allow air flow through outlet port A.
Only simultaneous entry of air into inlet ports P1 and P2 will permit air to
flow through outlet port A.
2. THE NOT GATE
A pneumatic control circuit with an integrated logic "NAND" gate,
is illustrated in figure 12.1.
PN-2200 12-2
3. THE NAND GATE

This is a combined gate consisting of an "AND gate" and a "NOT gate".
The outlet port A is in state 1 (pressurized) when all inlet ports P1 and P2
are in state 0 (both of them are not pressurized).
2. SAFETY RULES
3.2 Operate the pneumatic control circuit:
3.2.1 Open the air supply valves to pressurize the circuit. Record the starting
status of the signal indicator in the truth table.
PN-2200 12-3
3.2.2 Press valve V1 only. This valve supplies air to inlet P2 in gate AND.
in the truth table.
3.2.3 Press valve V6 only. This valve supplies air to inlet P1 of gate AND.
in the truth table.
V6 V1 L1
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
1 1
1 1
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Activation of the signal indicator.
The signal indicator will be de-energized.
Double control and indicator flashing.
Nothing. The air will flow normally.
2. A logic " NAND " gate implies:
Either NOT or AND.
Air entering ports P and X will enable air passage.
An AND gate and a NOT gate.
Air flowing from P to X.
PN-2200 13-1
LESSON No. 13: THE LOGIC MEMORY

LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the function and use of logic memory.
 Build the control circuit with logic memory, according to the given diagram.
EQUIPMENT
1 3/2-way, manual valve, spring return with push button V1 (PN-2110 panel)
1 Memory element MM1 (PN-2230 panel)
2 Pneumatic signal indicators L1 and L2 (PN-2230 panel)
DISCUSSION
1. THE LOGIC MEMORY
This element has a fixed pressure inlet port P, two control inlet
ports Z and Y, and two outlet ports A and B.
An air pulse at control Z enables constant air flow through outlet port A.
An air pulse at control Y, will enable a constant air flow through outlet port B.
PN-2200 13-2
A pneumatic control circuit for activating a logic memory gate is illustrated in

figure 13.2.
2. SAFETY RULES
3.2 Operate the pneumatic control circuit:
3.2.1 Open the air supply valves to pressurize the circuit. Set the starting
status of the signal indicators in the truth table.
3.2.2 Press valve V1 only. This valve supplies air to inlet Y of the memory.
Check if the pneumatic signal indicators respond. Record the result
in the truth table.
0=not pressurized, 1=pressurized, 3=undefined.
PN-2200 13-3
3.2.3 Press valve V6 only. This valve supplies air to inlet X (Z) of the memory.
Check if the pneumatic signal indicators respond. Record
the result in the truth table.
pneumatic signal indicators. Record the result.
signal indicators. Record the result.
signal indicators. Record the result.
V6 V1 L1 L2
0 0 1 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
1 1
1 1
3.2.7 Cut off the air supply to valve MM1 and reconnect it without pressing
either valve V6 or V1. Check if the same indicator is energized.
3.2.8 Change for the energized indicator by pressing V6 or V1.
3.2.9 Cut off the air supply again to the valve MM1 and recheck if the same
indicator was energized.
Make sure you close the valve in the air supply and there is no pressure
in the pipes before disconnecting components.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Cutting off and reconnecting the air supply will cause:
The system to reset.
MM1 to retain the last given command.
MM1 to invert the last given command.
Both indicators to be activated.
PN-2200 13-4

The two indicators to be activated.
Undefined status.
Double control and blocked passage.
Air flow from V1 to V6.
3. Is it possible to activate a double-acting cylinder with a memory valve?

No. It would not work.
Yes, since it is identical to a 5/2-way double pilot valve.
Yes, since it is identical to a 3/2-way valve.
No, since it recalls one direction only.
PN-2200 14-1
LESSON No. 14: THE TRIGGER (T FLIP-FLOP)

LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the function and use of a flip-flop.
 Build a pneumatic control circuit with an integrated flip-flop,
according to a given diagram.
EQUIPMENT
2 Memory elements MM1 and MM2 (PN-2240 panel)
2 OR elements, OR1 and OR2 (PN-2230 panel)
DISCUSSION
1. THE FLIP-FLOP
The flip-flop has one or two inlet ports and two outlet ports. This logic element is
used in a control circuit with the need to switch the air supply from one supply line
to another, back and forth, with each activation.
The Trigger flip-flop (illustrated in figure 14.1) operation is the following:
PN-2200 14-2
2. DESCRIPTION
2.1 In the initial state, valve V6 is not activated. Since valve V6 constitutes a
source of air for valve MM1 and does not supply air pressure, outlet ports
A1 or B1 will not supply pressure.
2.2 Assume that MM2 supplies air to indicator L2 - outlet port B2 (different
initial conditions can be assumed).
2.3 Outlet port B2 activates Y1 through OR2.
2.4 Thus, activating V6 will supply air to MM1, the air will exit through
outlet port B1.
2.5 Outlet port B1 will activate control Y1 through OR2 and simultaneously
will attempt to activate control Z2.
2.6 Z2 will activate and change the state of MM2 and air will issue through
A2, activating L1 and try, through OR1, to change the status of MM1
by introducing air into control Z1.
2.7 As MM1 is supplied from outlet port B1 which activates Y1
through
OR1, Z1 will not change the status of valve MM1.
2.8 Releasing V6 will cause venting of MM1. Outlet port B1 will be vented
and will vent Y1.
2.9 Valve MM1 will change its state and valve MM2 will remain in its
former state.
2.10 Pressing V6 again will change the state of MM2 and so on, repeatedly.
2. SAFETY RULES
PN-2200 14-3

3.1 Review the circuit in figure 14.1 and check its operation.
3.2 Check the used components:
3.2.1 Check memories MM1 and MM2. Locate the outlet ports and find
out which control will activate the respective outlet ports.
3.2.2 Check gates OR1 and OR2. Locate the inlet ports and the outlet
ports.
3.3 Assemble the control circuit as shown on figure 14.1.
3.4.1 Press V6 to set the signal indicator L2 operates, which will be the
basic state.
3.4.2 Press valve V6 and inspect indicators L1 and L2 carefully. Record
the results in the truth table.
3.4.3 Release valve V6 and inspect indicators L1 and L2 carefully.
Record the results in the truth table.
3.4.4 Press valve V6 again and inspect indicators L1 and L2.
Record the results in the truth table.
3.4.5 Repeat items 3.4.3 after that 3.4.2 and 3.4.3. Record the results in
the truth table.
V6 L1 L2
0 0 1
1
0
1
0
1
0
PN-2200 14-4

Make sure you close the valve in the air supply and there is no pressure
in the pipes before disconnecting components.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. When L1 is activated, which valve receives a command?
MM1 at inlet Z1.
MM1 at inlet Y1.
MM1 at inlet P.
MM2 at inlet Z2.
2. Exchanging the pipes between inlets Z1 and Y1 in memory valve

MM1 will cause:
The state of the circuit will not alternate.
Activation of both lines.
No change in the circuit function.
Double control and no function.
3. Which memory valve, MM1 or MM2, can be replaced with a 5/2-way

valve?
MM1.
MM2.
Either MM1 or MM2..
A 5/2-way valve cannot replace either memeory valve.
4. Pressing and then releasing V6 will cause:

Circuit activation and deactivation.
A change in MM1 operation only.
A change in MM1 and MM2 operation only.
A change in " OR " gate operation.
PN-2200 15-1
LESSON No. 15: THE DOOR CONTROL

LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the function and the use of two mutually operating
cylinders.
 Build and apply a T flip-flop mutually activating two cylinders,
according to the given diagram.
EQUIPMENT
panel)
2 Double-acting cylinders CY2 and CY3 (PN-2120 panel)
1 OR element OR3 (PN-2240 panel)
2 OR elements OR1 and OR2 (PN-2230 panel)
2 5/2-way, double pilot valves V2 and V5 (PN-2130 panel)
7 T connectors
DISCUSSION
An automatic door opening system is activated by two cylinders
operating simultaneously as shown on figure 15.1.
The system is activated by two push buttons, installed beneath the passage.
Valve V6 on one side of the door and valve V1 on the other side, activate
the T flip-flop by means of valve OR3.
The T flip-flop activates the doors through the valves V2 and V5.
PN-2200 15-2
The internal structure of T flip-flop is illustrated in figure 15.2.

PN-2200 15-3
The simulation screen displays a simulation of the pneumatic circuit that
should be built on the operation panel.

2. SAFETY RULES
3.1 Carefully review the circuits given in figures 15.1 and 15.2.
3.2 Check the components:
3.2.1 Check memories MM1 and MM2. Locate the control ports Y and Z and
the outlet ports A and B. Check which control will activate the respective
outlet ports.
3.2.2 Check gates OR1, OR2 and OR3. Locate the inlet and the outlet ports.
3.2.3 Check 5/2-way, double pilot valve V2 and V5. Locate the inlet, the
vent and the outlet ports.
3.3 Assemble the control circuit shown in figures 15.1 and 15.2.
3.3.1 Activate valve V6 and observe the piston movement.
3.3.2 Activate valve V1 and observe the piston movement.
3.3.3 Activate valve V6 several times and observe the piston movement.
3.3.4 Modify the control circuit (shown in figure 15.3) and operate it.
Observe the piston movements.
Make sure you close the valve in the air supply and
there is no pressure in the pipes before disconnecting
components.
PN-2200 15-4
Figure 15.3
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Activating V6 will cause:
The doors to open.
The doors to close.
Only one door to open and close.
It depends on the door position.
2. Interchanging the pipes at cylinder CY2 will cause:

No change.
CY2 to close one door when CY3 opens the other door and viceversa.
CY2 to close one door when CY3 closes one door.
The door activated by CY2 not to function.
3. Short, simultaneous activation of V1 and V6 will cause:

Non-stop door functioning.
The doors to open but not to close.
A single door open and close cycle.
Only one door to open.
PN-2200 16-1
LESSON No. 16: CLAMPING AND DRILL CONTROL UNIT

LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain and locate the double control in a pneumatic control
circuit.
 Explain and build a pneumatic control circuit with signal cutoff
in order to solve the problem of double control.
EQUIPMENT
1 3/2-way manual valve, spring return with push button V1 (PN-2110 panel)
2 Flow control with check valve F1 and F2 (PN-2110 panel)
3 3/2-way, roller valves LV1, LV4 and LV5 (PN-2140 panel)
1 3/2-way, trip operated valve LV3 (PN-2140 panel)
2 5/2-way, double pilot valve V2 and V5 (PN-2130 panel)
4 T connectors
DISCUSSION
A drill and clamping system is shown in figure 16.1.
The drilling unit B includes:
- A pneumatic cylinder for moving the drill.
- Two limit sensors.
- Electric or pneumatic motor for turning the drill.
The clamping unit C include:
-Cylinder C clamps the product.
PN-2200 16-2
1. THE CLAMPING AND DRILL SYSTEM
The pneumatic control circuit for the drilling and clamping is illustrated in
figure 16.2.
Pressing V1 allows air to pass from LV1 to control C+ (clamping phase).
In position C+, the cylinder presses LV3 and activates it briefly,
emitting a pneumatic signal to activate B+ (moving the drill to the
drilling phase).
In position B+, the cylinder presses LV5, activating it. LV5 emits
pneumatic pressure and activates control of valve V5.
B- is implemented, activating LV4 (complete the drilling phase).
PN-2200 16-3
LV4 is activated and emits pneumatic pressure, introducing air for a long
period to assembly the signal cutoff (SC).
Assembly SC sends out a pneumatic pulse and activates C- briefly.
2. SAFETY RULES
3.2.1 Close the flow control valves F1 and F2, after that open them one turn.
3.2.2 Press push button V1 momentarily and observe the piston movements.
Check the sequence of operations.
3.2.3 Press push button V1 continuously and observe the piston movements.
3.2.4 Change the positions of the flow control valves, press push button
V1 and observe the piston movements.
PN-2200 16-4
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Where has double control been eliminated in the pneumatic circuit?
Valve V2 and V5.
Valve V2 only.
Valve V5 only.
There wasn't any double control in the circuit.
2. How does valve LV3 solve the double control problem to V5?
LV3 emits an air pulse to V5.
LV3 emits air continuously to V5.
LV3 doesn't solve the double control problem.
There isn't any double control problem.
3. Is the signal cutoff circuit similar to or different from the timer?

Yes, it is similar.
No, it is not similar.
No. The signal cutoff is an inverted timer.
Yes, only the name is different.
PN-2200 17-1
LESSON No. 17: THE CASCADE CIRCUIT

LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the function of a pneumatic control cascade circuit.
 Build the simple control cascade circuit according to the given
diagram.
 Build the advanced control cascade circuit according to the given
diagram.
EQUIPMENT
2 5/2-way, double pilot valves V2 and V5 (PN-2130 panel)
4 3/2-way, roller valves LV1, LV2, LV4 and LV5 (PN-2140 panel)
2 Memory element MM1 and MM2 (PN-2240 panel)
1 Single-acting cylinder with spring return CY1 (PN-2140 panel)
1 5/2-way valve, pilot spring return V4 (PN-2110 panel)
7 T connectors
DISCUSSION
1. THE CASCADE CIRCUIT
The cascade circuit is an advanced pneumatic counting circuit. A
counting circuit is defined as a circuit in which one of its cylinders is
actuated two or more times.
PN-2200 17-2
2.1 A simple cascade circuit.

A drill and vise setup is shown in figure 17.1 and operates as follows:
-Pressing push button V1 will transfer pressure from line I to valve V2
control+. Cylinder C will reach C+ and will activate LV2.
-LV2 will transfer air from line I to valve V5 control+. Cylinder B will
reach B+ and will activate LV5.
-LV5 will activate line II and then cut off line I. The air from line II will
immediately activate valve V5 control-. Cylinder B will return to B- and
press LV4.
2. DESCRIPTION
-LV4 will transfer air from line II to activate valve V2 control-.
Cylinder C will return to C- and press LV1.
-LV1 will activate line I and cut off line II.
The control cycle is C+ B+ B- C-.
2.2 An advanced cascade circuit.
This control circuit (see in figure 17.2) activates a machine,
which operates with three cylinders.
PN-2200 17-3
-Pressing push button V3 supplies air from line I, activating C+ and B+

simultaneously.
-C+ activates LV2, supplied from line I, and activates control Y of memory
element MM1. Memory vents line I and activates line II. Line II activates
valve V5 control-.
-Cylinder B returning to B-, activates LV4, supplied from line II and activates
A+.
-A+ activates LV5, supplied by line II and activates line III, through MM2.
Roller valve LV5 changes also the status of memory MM1.
-Cutting off line II causes A- to be implemented and activating
line III causes C- to be implemented, that is, both operations,
A- and C- are implemented simultaneously.
-C- activates roller valve LV1, which is activated from line II
and activates line I. Line I supplies air again to push button V3.
The control cycle is C+ B+ B- A+ A- C-.
The simulation screen displays a simulation of the simple cascad pneumatic
circuit (see in figure 17.1) that should be built on the operation panel.
PN-2200 17-4

2. SAFETY RULES
3.1 Study the control circuit and its operation (see figure 17.1).
3.2 Check the components of the control circuit:
3.2.1 Locate and check the 5/2-way double pilot valves V2 and V5.
3.2.2 Locate and check the memory MM1.
3.2.3 Locate and check the roller valves LV1, LV2, LV4 and LV5.
3.3 Assemble the control circuit according to figure 17.1.
3.4 Operates the control circuit.
3.4.1 Activate the control circuit by pressing push button V1.
3.4.2 Note the system operating sequence.
Make sure you close the valve in the air supply, there
are no pressure in the pipes before disconnecting
components.
PN-2200 17-5
5.2.1 Locate and check the 5/2-way pilot valves V2, V4 and V5.
5.2.2 Locate and check the memories MM1 and MM2.
5.2.3 Locate and check the roller valves LV1, LV2, LV4 and LV5.
5.4 Operate the control circuit.
5.4.1 Activate the control circuit by pressing push button V3.
5.4.2 Note the system operating sequence.
Make sure you close the valve in the air supplyand there is
no
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. When control Z in MM1 receives a command:
Piston CY2 moves to B+.
Piston CY3 moves to C+.
Piston CY2 returns to B-.
LV5 is activated.
2. With line I activated, MM1 will be controlled by:

Valve LV1.
Valve LV2.
Valve V1.
Valve V2.
3. Changing the pipes between C+ and C- in valve V2 will cause:

Inversion of the system function.
Reverse CY2 functioning compared to CY3.
CY2 will remain in B- and CY3 only will function.
System will not operate.
PN-2200 18-1
LESSON No. 18: DECIMAL TO BINARY CONVERSION

LAB OBJECTIVES
 Understand a pneumatic decimal to binary conversation logic
circuit.
 Practice building and operating the control circuit.
EQUIPMENT
1 3/2-way manual valve, spring return with push button V1 (PN-2110
panel)
2 5/2-way, double pilot valve V2 and V5 (PN-2130 panel)
2 OR element OR1 and OR2 (PN-2230 panel)
2 OR element OR3 and OR4 (PN-2240 panel)
1 3/2 one-way. trip operated valve LV3 (PN-2140 panel)
7 T connectors
DISCUSSION
The control system (see in figure 18.1) activates two cylinders
activated by four push buttons. Pressing different push button causes
four different cylinder positions.
PN-2200 18-2
The following truth table shows the various possibilities:

Valve Decimal Binary
Piston C Piston B
V1 0 0 0
V6 1 0 1
V3 2 1 0
LV3 3 1 1
2. SAFETY RULES
PN-2200 18-3
3.2.1 Locate and check the 5/2-way double pilot valves V2 and V5.
3.2.2 Locate and check the OR elements OR1, OR2, OR3 and OR4.
3.2.3 Locate and check the manual valves V1, V3, V6 and LV3.
3.3 Assemble the control circuit is shown in figure 18.1
3.3.1 Press push button V1 and observe the piston movements.
3.3.4 Press trip operated valve LV3 and observe the piston movements.
3.3.5 Compare their state to the required in the truth table.
components.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. What does push button V1 activate in state "0"?
OR1 and OR3.
OR1 and OR2.
OR2 and OR3.
OR3 and OR4.
OR1 and OR3.
OR1 and OR2.
OR2 and OR3.
OR3 and OR4.
OR1 and OR4.
OR1 and OR2.
OR2 and OR3.
OR3 and OR4.
PN-2200 19-1
LESSON No. 19: THE TIME BASE COUNTING (OPTIONAL LESSON)

LAB OBJECTIVES
 To read and understand a counter circuit operating on a time delay principle.
 To build a counter circuit operating on a time delay principle.
EQUIPMENT
1 5/2-way valve, pilot spring return V4 (PN-2110 panel)
2 3/2-way, roller valves LV1 and LV2 (PN-2140 panel)
1 Memory element MM1 (PN-2230 PANEL)
1 Pneumatic time delay T1 (PN-2230 panel)
1 Pneumatic counter CNT (PN-2250 panel)
3 T connectors
DISCUSSION
1. THE PNEUMATIC COUNTER
The counter is defined as a mechanical or electrical signal
counting system. The number of signals to be counted can be
pre-defined and it is also possible to specify what should occur
at the end of the count.
Any counter may be reset to zero at the end of counting.
The pneumatic counter has three inputs:
- Count input
- Air supply input
- Reset input
PN-2200 19-2
The pneumatic counter has one output:

- Signal output.
Figure 19.1
There are two ways of resetting to zero:
-By means of an external reset signal.
-Manual reset.
There are two ways to operate the counter:
-Continuously counting: The counter counts the signals getting the
pulses to the count input. The counted number is displayed on the
numeric display.
-Period counting: To operate the counter, the number to be counted
must be preset. This is done by means of the preset thumbwheel
switches. The preset number is visible on the thumbwheel switches
and the counted number will be displayed on the numeric display.
If the number of signals is equal to the preset number displayed on
the numeric display, the counter emits a pneumatic signal.
A pneumatic control circuit for activating a cylinder for a given period is
illustrated in figure 19.2.
PN-2200 19-3
1. SAFETY RULES
2.2 Check the pneumatic counter and locate the inlet and outlet ports.
2.3.1 Adjust the T1 timer for a short period.
2.3.2 Press valve V1. Observe the piston movement and identify the operation
cycle.
2.3.3 Press valve V6 to reset the counter.
2.3.4 Change the time delay on T1 and repeat steps 3.3.2 and 3.3.3.
components.
PN-2200 19-4
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. What is the function of timer T1?
There is no timer in the circuit.
Sets the time for each cycle according to a preset period.
To change the pressure in the system.
To keep the system under pressure for a period.
2. What is the function of memory element MM1?

The memory activates the timer.
Serves as a memory.
The memory activates valve V4.
All of the above.
PN-2200 20-1
LESSON No. 20: DOUBLE-COUNTING PNEUMATIC CONTROL

LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain a simple double-counting control circuit.
 Use logic, connecting, cut-off and memory valves.
EQUIPMENT
2 3/2-way, roller valves LV1 and LV2 (PN-2140 panel)
2 AND elements AND1 and AND2 (PN-2230 panel)
2 AND elements AND3 and AND4 (PN-2240 panel)
1 Memory element MM3 (PN-2340 panel)
4 Pneumatic signal indicator L1, L2, L3 and L4 (PN-2230)
4 Cross-conectors
8 T connectors
DISCUSSION
A pneumatic control circuit, built according to the cascade method, is
illustrated in Fig 20.1. The control circuit activates the cycle: C+ C- C+ C-.
PN-2200 20-2
Activating the simulation, will demonstrate the circuit operation. Observe it
carefully!
2. SAFETY RULES
3.1 Study the control circuit and its operation in figure 20.
3.2 Check the components :
3.2.1 Check the valve V5, the pressure inlet port, outlet ports and control ports.
3.2.2 Check the pressure inlet port (blocked), the outlet port and the vents in
limit valves LV1, LV2.
PN-2200 20-3
3.2.3 Check the inlet ports and the outlet port of the logic connection gates:
AND1, AND2, AND3, AND4.
3.2.4 Check the inlet ports and the outlet port of the OR gates: OR1, OR2,
OR3, OR4.
3.2.5 Check the output and input ports and controls of memories MM1, MM2,
MM3.
3.4 Activate the circuit and check the operating sequence.
3.4.1 Press push button V6 momentarily and observe the operational cycle.
3.4.2 Compare the sequence with that required for C+ C- C+ C-.
3.4.3 If the circuit does not function as required, follow through the operation
of the circuit, starting from oprating valve V6.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. To start the system there must be pressure in:
Line I.
Line II.
Line III.
Lne IV.
2. Disconnecting the pipe between line I and the logic "AND3" gate will
cause:
A single CY3 cycle.
Piston CY3 to lock in C-.
Piston CY3 to lock in C+.
The system to operate automatically.
3. Disconnecting the pipe between line I and the logic "OR1" gate will
cause:
Piston CY3 to lock in C+.
Piston CY3 to lock in C-.
The system to function automatically.
MM1 and MM2 to be activated simultaneously.
PN-2200 21-1
LESSON No. 21: SLIDING TABLE AND DRILLING SYSTEM

LAB OBJECTIVES
 Explain the operation of sliding table and the drilling system.
 Building a control circuit to operate the sliding table and the drilling system.
EQUIPMENT
panel)
1 Quick exhaust valve QE (PN-2230 PANEL)
DISCUSSION
1. THE SLIDING TABLE AND THE DRILLING SYSTEM
This system is illustrated in figure 21.1 below.
1.1 A machined product is located at point D.
1.2 Half a cycle is activated: C+, B+, B- states.
1.3 During the drilling time for the new product, the system
attains
states B+, B-. The product is replaced with another
unworked
product at point D.
1.4 The second half-cycle is activated: C+, B+, B-.
1.5 During the drilling cycle, the system attains states B+
B- and the machined product is replaced once again.
This cycle can be repeated over and over again.
The required cycle is: C+, B+, B-, C-, B+, B-.
PN-2200 21-2
A pneumatic control circuit for activating the sliding table and

the drilling system is illustrated below.
Activating the simulation, will demonstrate the circuit operation. Observe it
carefully!
2. SAFETY RULES
3.1 Build the pneumatic circuit as shown on figure below.
PN-2200 21-3
3.1 Build the pneumatic circuit as shown on figure below.

3.2.1 Press push button V6 and observe operating sequence of the cylinders.
3.2.2 Compare the sequence with the required sequence.
3.2.2 If the circuit does not function as required, trace the operation of
the circuit, starting from valve V2, according to the operating
cycle and locate the malfunction.
components.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Where are pneumatic signal indicators located to ease troubleshooting?
It doesn't matter.
In every supply line.
In every limit valve outlet port.
Both answers 2 and 3.

PN 2200

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PN 2200 COURSE

In the interest of product improvement, circuits, components or values of

First edition printing: 1986

Lesson 2 - The Air Sliding Principle 2-1

Lesson 3 - The Air Motor 3-1

Lesson 4 - The Venturi Priniciple 4-1

Lesson 5 - The Pneumatic Manipulator 5-1

Lesson 6 - Logic "OR" Gate 6-1

Lesson 7 - Heat Sealing 7-1

Lesson 8 - Logic "AND" Gate 8-1

Lesson 9 - "Two Hands On" Safety Circuit 9-1

Lesson 10 - Logic "NOT " Gate 10-1

Lesson 11 - Logic "OR-NOT " Gate 11-1

Lesson 12 - Logic "AND-NOT " (NAND) Gate 12-1

Lesson 13 - Logic Memory 13-1

Lesson 14 - Trigger Flip-Flop 14-1

Lesson 15 - The Door Control 15-1

Lesson 16- Clamping/ Drill Control Unit 16-1

Lesson 17- Cascade Circuits 17-1

Lesson 18- Decimal to Binary Conversion 18-1

Lesson 19- Time Base Counting 19-1

Lesson 20- Double-Counting Pneumatic Control 20-1

Lesson 21- Sliding Table & Drilling System 21-1

LESSON No. 1: THE PUNCH MACHINE

1 Double-acting cylinder CY3 (PN-2120 panel)

1 Flow control with check valve F1 (PN-2110 panel)

1 Quick exhaust valve QE (PN-2230 PANEL)

1 Set of pneumatic accessories (PN-2160)

1. QUICK EXHAUST VALVE

The control circuit is shown in figure 1.2.

Pressure Time (sec)

2. The quick exhaust valve affects the cylinder speed by:

LESSON No. 2: THE AIR SLIDING PRINCIPLE

2. Can a state of F=0 be reached?

LESSON No. 3: THE AIR MOTOR

2.4 Disassemble the circuit:

2. Increasing the air pressure will cause:

3. Plotting torque against pressure will produce:

LESSON No. 4: THE VENTURI PRINCIPLE (OPTIONAL LESSON)

LESSON No. 5: THE PNEUMATIC MANIPULATOR

The vacuum valve activation control is straightforward and

2.3.2 Check the vacuum valve Vk port by placing a piece of cardboard on

2. Does valve V2 have a memory?

3. Blocking the air outlet from Vk will cause:

A pressure drop in the vacuum actuator.

LESSON No. 6: THE LOGIC “OR” GATE

When there is air in the inlet to the pneumatic signal

4. SCREEN SIMULATION PROCEDURE

2. A logic " OR " gate implies:

LESSON No. 7: HEAT SEALING

The internal control circuit is shown in figure 7.2.

2. Continuous activation of V6 will cause:

3. Continuous activation of V1 will cause:

LESSON No. 8: THE “AND” GATE

2. Activating V1 will cause:

3. Activating V1 and V6 simultaneously will cause:

LESSON No. 9: “TWO HANDS ON” SAFETY

2. What is the function of AND gate?

LESSON No. 10: THE NOT GATE

1. Which action will energize the signal indicator?

2. What can the NOT gate be used for?

LESSON No. 11: THE NOR (OR-NOT) GATE

LESSON No. 12: THE LOGIC NAND (AND-NOT) GATE