TAPCON 240 TRAINING COURSE 1

Voltage regulation of transformers with TAPCON® 240

- The TAPCON® 240 voltage regulator continuously compares the actual value U actual (output
voltage at the transformer) with a fixed or load-depending desired voltage level U desired that
you can specify.

- Depending on the difference between actual and desired value, TAPCON® 240 provides the
actuating pulse for the on- load tap-changer of the transformer.

U actual ---------------------------> output voltage at the transformer on secondary side. Normally we

take voltage of L.V side.

U desired -----------------------------> setting in AVR relay.

- If the measuring voltage ( the measured actual value ) falls outside the specified bandwidth,
after the set delay time an output pulse is issued, and the on-load tap- changer switches up
or down accordingly.

Band width B%

Means the positive and negative percentage deviation from the desired voltage level.

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 TAPCON 240 TRAINING COURSE 2

Normally, the following value is recommended for the bandwidth B %:

[+ B %] ≥ 0.6 • ΔU Step

Example for determining the permissible bandwidth:

Voltage rating: U nom =115 kV

Number of tap positions: Setting range: ±10 (= 21 steps)

Step voltage: 103.5 kV ... 126.5 kV

(126.5 – 103.5 kV) / 21 steps =1.09 kV / step

ΔU Step = 1.09 KV

If I put [± B %] = 1.5 % = 1.725 KV

So +B% range or –B% range = 1.725KV/2 = 0.8625 KV ≥ 0.6 • ΔU Step

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 TAPCON 240 TRAINING COURSE 3

Time delay T1

If the deviation in voltage ( ±B/2 ) is still present after the delay time (T1) has elapsed, an output
pulse is issued, and the on-load tap-changer initiates a switching operation.

Two setting available

1- Linear time:

AVR responds with a constant delay time, independent of the deviation.

Like (definite time setting).

2- Integral time

Depending on the deviation.

Effective delay time( s ) = Set delay time (s) x B.W (%)

Voltage deviation du (%)

How to test time delay T1

1- Make two page from FREJA first page normal voltage (U desired ) for 3 sec after that inject in
the second page with voltage less than U desired but not more than the U/V setting. And take
stop contact with order raise from the relay

2- For Integral time setting compare your result with this curves.

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 TAPCON 240 TRAINING COURSE 4

Time delay T2

In case of voltage drop required more than one tap-changer operation for returning with the
transformer output voltage to within the limit of bandwidth (accepted deviation)

The first output pulse is issued after the specified delay time T1. Further pulses required are issued
after the specified delay time T2 and not waiting to T1.so any more operation have to wait T2 time
delay.

How to test time delay T2

1- Make two page from FREJA first page normal voltage (U desired ) for 3 sec after that inject in
the second page with voltage less than U desired but more than bandwidth setting ( two times)
And do not connect the raise contact to FREJA until the relay make the first raise order.

2- You will get from FREJA time ( T1+T2 ).

Under voltage blocking

- Under voltage blocking prevents tap-change operations in the event of a network

breakdown. The voltage regulator output pulses are blocked and the red LED ‘’<U"
illuminates as soon as the output voltage of the transformer falls below the set blocking
value.

Over current blocking

- Over current blocking prevents tap-change operations in the presence of overload. The
voltage regulator output pulses are blocked and the red LED ">l" illuminates as soon as the
load current falls below.

Overvoltage detection

- In the event of an overvoltage detection response, the on- load tap-changer keeps getting
activated by periodic pulses to the motor-drive mechanism until the overvoltage falls
below the response threshold.

- In this case, "Delay time T1 and T2 ‘’ is not active.

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 TAPCON 240 TRAINING COURSE 5

Line compensation: LDC and Z compensation

- In this case, voltage regulation has to take account of the feeder impedance (in the cables or
overhead lines to the customers). These feeder lines have voltage drop.

- This voltage drop depends on the impedance of the line, the current and the phase angle ф
at the customers.

So by this way transformer voltage must be equal to

UTRANSFORMER = ULOAD (U desired) + ULINE DROP

Two different options for compensating a load-dependent voltage drop between transformer and
consumer.

1- Line drop compensation (LDC)

- RESISTIVE VOLTAGE DROP

Put UX=0.0 put angle configuration: ( 0 -3PH)

UR SETTING RAISE(U1) LOWER (U2) U Bal

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- INDUCTIVE VOLTAGE DROP

Put UR=0 put angle configuration: ( 90 -3PH)

UX SETTING RAISE(U1) LOWER (U2) U Bal

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2- Z compensation

Can be used in case of minor shifts of the phase angle ф.

U TRANSFORMER  U LOAD CTRATIO

%Z = 100   IN
U LOAD LOADCURRENT

%Z SETTING RAISE(U1) LOWER (U2) U Bal

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