Повседневная жизнь Англии PDF

Оглавление

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1. Renting a at (At Residential Lettings) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2. Hotel (1) Making a reservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3. Hotel (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4. Meals (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
5. Meals (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
6. Meals (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
7. Shopping (1) At a supermarket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
8. Shopping (2) Short-changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
9. Shopping (3) Browsing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
10. Shopping (4) Marks and Sparks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
11. Shopping (5) A suit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
12. Shopping (6) Pharmacy, Drugstore and Chemist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
13. Bargaining at a market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
14. Advertising (1) Human interest and curiosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
15. Advertising (2) High quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
16. Advertising (3) Low prices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
17. Advertising (4) Sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
18. Advertising (5) Classifieds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
19. Counteradvertising . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
20. Superclean dry cleaners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
21. At a laundrette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
22. Recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
23. Weather (1). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
24. Weather (2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
25. Moscow and London public transport compared . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
26. The Tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
27. London buses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
28. Money-saving child and student fares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
29. Travelling by rail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
30. Going by London taxi (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
31. Going by London taxi (2) Accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
4 Оглавление
32. Car rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

33. Rental car insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
34. Parking (1) In a street . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
35. Parking (2) In a car Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
36. Number рlates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
37. Riverbus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
38. Sightseeing bus and boat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
39. Travelling by air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
40. Crossing the Strait of Dover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
41. Theatre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
42. At Westminster Abbey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
43. Nursery education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
44. Primary education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
45. Secondary education (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
46. Secondary education (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
47. Further education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
48. Application to a University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
49. Higher education (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
50. Higher education (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
51. Academic degrees and ranks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
52. The British Library (1) Admission. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
53. The British Library (2) The Humanities Reading Room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
54. Crime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
55. Terrorism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
KEY TO EXERCISES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509
1
Unit
Renting a flat
At Residential Lettings
Dialogue
А: What properties do you have available?
B: We have a list of our current properties available.
А: Do you take families with children and pets?
B: Depending on the property and the landlord.
А: Which area would you recommend for school-age children?
B: All schools around here are very good.
А: Is there a shower at the property?
B: There certainly is.
А: Is it possible to view the property?
B: When would you like to see it? Today? Or shall we make an appointment?
А: Can we see it now?
B: No problem.
(At the property)
А: Is it a long or a short let?
B: 6 months.
А: What is the rent per calendar month?
B: £ 550.
А: Can we move in shortly?
B: Within 2 weeks.
Vocabulary notes
appointment — договорённость pet — домашнее животное, птица, рыбка
о встрече, деловая встреча property — собственность, зд.: жилое
area — район помещение
available — имеющийся в наличии rent — плата за снятое помещение
current — в настоящее время to r. — арендовать, снимать помещение
landlord — хозяин жилого помещения residential — жилой
let n, letting — сдача внаём school-age — школьного возраста
to move in — въезжать shortly — вскоре
per calendar month (pcm) — за кален- shower — душ
дарный месяц to view — осматривать
Exercise 1. In the dialogue above, find the English equivalents of these Russian
phrases:
дети школьного возраста; назначить встречу; имеющийся в настоящее время;
сдача на длительный срок; сдача на короткий срок; в течение двух недель; за
календарный месяц; наём квартиры.
Renting a flat 13
Exercise 2. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and adverbs.

1) Can we move ... shortly? 2) Depending ... the property. 3) What is the rent ... calendar
month? 4) Is there a shower ... the property? 5) We can move ... ... two weeks.
Exercise 3. Answer the following questions as in the pattern1:
A: Is there a shower at the property?
1. A: Is it possible to view the property?
B: It certainly ...
2. A: Do you take families with children and pets?
B: We certainly ...
3. A: Can we see it now?
B: You certainly ...
4. A: Can we move in shortly?
B: You certainly...
Exercise 4. On page 13 there is an advertisement2 of lettings. Read it (use a diction-
ary where necessary). Which of these properties would you rent and why?
Exercise 5. Read this polylogue3 (use a dictionary where necessary).

Caroline: How are you going to find a flat?
Diana: Well, I’ll look in the local paper for a start. Where is that paper?
Caroline: Oh, here it is! What’s your price limit4?
Diana: Not higher than £ 200. I’ll find someone to share with.
Caroline: Listen. Here’s one: “West Perivale. Suit two girls sharing. 1 reception, bedroom
(two beds), bathroom, kitchenette. Telephone. Own meter. 567 2269”.
Diana: Let’s go and ring. Nobody will be using the phone at this time of day. Hello, is
that 567 2269?
Woman: Yes.
Diana: I understand you have a flat to let.
Woman: That’s right.
Diana: How much is the rent, please?
Woman: 225 pounds a week, payable weekly in advance. You provide your own sheets.
Light and heat are extra. There’s a separate meter in the flat.
Diana: When could we come and look at it? Would tomorrow be all right?
Woman: I shan’t be in till after twelve.
Diana: Well, say about 12.15.
Woman: All right, I’ll expect you then. Thank you!
Diana: Oh, Caroline, I forgot to ask her name and address!
Caroline: You aren’t very experienced at looking for flats, are you? Go on and ring again!
1
pattern — модель
2
advertisement: BE [dvtsmnt], AE [dvtazmnt], infml BE advert, ad, AE ad — ре-
клама
3
polylogue — полилог (разговор более чем двух собеседников)
4
price limit — предельная цена
14 Unit 1
Now answer these questions:

1. What was Diana’s price limit?
2. Was she going to pay all the rent herself?
3. Where did she get the necessary information?
4. What rent did the woman name?
5. When was Diana going to view the property?
6. Why did she have to ring again?
Exercise 6. Read this advertisement. Between whom do residential letting agencies
act as middlemen?
“TURNING THE TIDE ON RESIDENTIAL LETTINGS”

T: 01590 362451
Coastal Letting Specialists
TENANTS REQUIRED
LANDLORDS REQUIRED
CALL US TODAY ON 01590 362451
E MAIL (……..)
Exercise 7. Find out from this clipping how the location and quality of schools affect
the price of property and rents.
DAILY EXPRESS 29.8.2011, p. 25
IT’S A CASE OF LOCATION, LOCATION, EDUCATION

PARENTS pay up to £77,000 extra to rest of the UK, taking average prices to
live within the catchment area of a top £298,378 against the national average of
performing state school, new research £221,110.
has found. Rents near the top schools are also
Houses near the 50 best schools are affected, being 7.8 per cent higher than
35 per cent more expensive than in the the rest of Britain.
Exercise 8. Read, translate and memorise this amusing1 definition. See what effect it
will have on your comrades.
Flat — a place where you start to turn off2 the radio and find you’ve been listening to the
neighbour’s for half an hour.
1
amusing — забавный
2
to turn off — выключать
Renting a flat 15
WARREN & WILLIS

Estate Agents • Auctioneers • Valuers
334 Lyme Road, Highcliffe-on-Sea, Christchurch, Dorset BH23 5EY
Tel: (01425) 277557 Fax: (01425) 274445
RESIDENTIAL LETTINGS
22nd July 1996
PROPERTY LIST
1 Bed 1st floor flat. Unfurnished. Double Bedroom
ALUMHURST ROAD, with bathroom, large lounge, kitchen and off road
WESTBORNE parking. 50 yards from main shops.
£350.00 pcm
2 Bed modern 2nd floor flat, spacious lounge/din-

LANSDOWNE ROAD,
ing room, bathroom, modern kitchen, parking.
BOURNEMOUTH
Unfurnished £500.00 pcm
2 Bed Modern Gallery 1st floor flat. Opposite golf

SHELLEY HAMLETS,
course. Parking.
HIGHCLIFFE
£475.00 pcm
SEA ROAD, BARTON ON 1 to 6 bed 1st floor flat. Garden. Parking. Offers
SEA Invited. Short term lets.
3 Bed Modern terrace house, lounge, dining room,
GLEN CLOSE, BARTON ON garden, 2 double bedrooms, 1 single bedroom,
SEA bathroom, garage, off road parking.
£535.00 pcm
Unique unfurnished 3 Bed 1st floor flat set within
12th Century Country House. Set in approx 10
acres of ground the property benefits from 3
HURN, CHRISTCHURCH double bedrooms, 1 en-suite, bathroom, kitchen,
study and lounge all overlooking the grounds. Lift,
garage, tennis courts and access to the river front-
age also provided. £1300.00 pcm
Exercise 9. Read, translate and memorise this joke. Tell it to a comrade.

(John and Max have come to a new development1 to view a flat they want to rent)
J: Let’s check if the walls in this flat are soundproof2 enough.
M: Yes, let’s.
J: Now you go to the other room. (Max does so.) Hallo, Max. Can you hear me?
M: Hear you? I can see you, my dear friend.
1
a new development — новый микрорайон
2
soundproof — звуконепроницаемый
2
Unit
Hotel
(1) Making a reservation
Dialogue
(Hotel receptionist in London and Mr. Olenin in Moscow)
H. r. (picks up the receiver): The President. How can I help you?
O.: I should like to book a room for my wife and myself.
H. r.: What is your name, please?
O.: Mr. and Mrs. Vladimir Olenin of Moscow.
H. r.: Thank you, sir. When do you expect to arrive?
O.: On the 1st of July.
H. r.: That’s fine, because all rooms are in use until the 30th of June. For how many nights?
O.: For 4 nights, please. Is there a discount for a longer stay?
H. r.: Yes, but during the low season only, on a stay of no less than 5 nights. Would you
like a twin or a double room?
O.: A twin room. What is your rate per person per night?
H. r.: It’s the high season. So it’ll be 70 pounds per person per night, bed and breakfast.
And, of course, your bill will include any extras.
O.: Do we get a full traditional English breakfast?
H. r.: No, a continental one. But three course table d’hôte dinner with coffee could be
provided as an extra: a starter, main course and sweet. You can also choose from the à la
carte menu and pay an additional charge. And, by the way, there is no refund for meals
not taken. Besides, drinks are not included.
O.: Are there tea and coffee making facilities in the room?
H. r.: Yes, we provide tea and coffee making facilities in all rooms. Besides, you can order
a meal to be brought to your room. We have a chargeable 24 hour room service.
O.: Are there good restaurants nearby?
H. r.: Yes, there is a carver restaurant right across the street. Buffet lunches and dinners
can be had at reasonable prices.
O.: Is there TV and en-suite facilities?
H. r.: Yes, all our rooms have colour TV and en-suite facilities, including private bath
and shower.
O.: Do I pay for the room in advance?
H. r.: No, you needn’t. No pre-payment or deposit is required. You can settle prior to your
departure from the hotel.
O.: Oh, I quite forgot. I should like a room on the first floor facing the courtyard, not the
street. I hate a noise at night. I’m a light sleeper.
H. r.: Very good, sir. I’ll see what we have left. Yes, you’ll have it. May I have your credit
card details, please?
O.: What do you need them for?
H. r.: All guests making reservations by phone are requested to guarantee their bookings
with a credit card.
Hotel 17
O.: Will a Visa credit card issued by Sberbank do? I have a US dollar account there.
H. r.: Oh, yes. A card issued by Sberbank is fine for payment. We accept all Visa credit
cards no matter where they are issued.
O.: Very well, then. Here you are:
Credit card number...
Name on card...
Expiry date...
H. r.: Thank you, sir. I have reserved for you a twin room on the first floor facing
the courtyard, for four nights, starting the 1st of July. Bedrooms are available from
2 pm on the day of arrival. Departure is at 12 noon. However, if you wish to con-
tinue using your room after this time, please ask at reception and we will help you if
we can.
O.: I’ll bear that in mind. Thank you very much.
H. r.: Thank you, sir. I’m sure you will enjoy your stay at the President. Have a good trip.
O.: Thanks a lot.
H. r.: It’s a pleasure.
O.: Bye!
H. r.: Good-bye.
(To be continued)
Vocabulary notes
account — счёт (в банке или к оплате) departure — выезд, отлёт, отправ-
am = ante meridiem — до полудня ление; зд.: выезд из гостиницы (syn.
to bear smth in mind, AE to keep smth checkout) (ant. cheсkin)
in mind — иметь что-л. в виду deposit — залог
bill, syn. account — счёт (к оплате) details — зд.: реквизиты
breakfast dinner
continental b. — континентальный à la carte d. — обед с выбором блюд
завтрак (без горячих блюд) из меню
full English b. — полный англий- table d’hôte d. — комплексный обед
ский завтрак (с горячими блюдами) discount — скидка
buffet [bfe] — шведский стол expiry date — срок годности
carver restaurant, syn. carvery — ре- extra — дополнительная плата
сторан со шведским столом, где, to face, syn. to look out — выходить
в частности, клиенту нарезают мясо куда-либо (об окнах) eg. The room
по его выбору faces the courtyard, syn. The room looks
charge — запрашиваемая оплата out on the courtyard
chargeable — платный, за дополни- facility — удобство, приспособление,
тельную плату принадлежность
course — блюдо (первое, второе и т. д.) en-suite facilities — удобства в номере
main с. — второе блюдо tea and coffee making facilities —
courtyard — двор чайные и кофейные принадлеж-
credit card — кредитная карточка ности
18 Unit 2
Vocabulary notes
floor — этаж receptionist — дежурный админи-
first f. — первый этаж (АЕ), второй стратор
этаж (BE) refund — возврат денег
ground f. — первый этаж (BE) room
in advance — заранее double r. — двухместный номер;
in use — занят (зд.: о номере в гости- номер с двуспальной кроватью (BE)
нице) single r. — одноместный номер
to issue — выпускать twin r. — номер с двумя кроватями
It’s a pleasure; AE You are welcome — (BE), номер из двух комнат (АЕ)
Пожалуйста (в ответ на «Спасибо») to book a r., syn. to make a book-
light sleeper — чутко спящий человек ing — заказывать номер
night — зд.: сутки to reserve a r., syn. to make a reserva-
no matter where — где бы ни tion — (за)бронировать номер
to pick up the receiver — снимать season
трубку (телефона) low s. — низкий сезон
pm = post meridiem — после полудня high s. — высокий сезон
(ср. выше: am) to settle (a bill / an account) — оплатить
pre-payment — предоплата счёт
private — зд.: отдельный starter — первое блюдо (закуска или
rate — стоимость (номера) суп)
reasonable price — умеренная цена sweet, AE dessert [dzt] — десерт
reception — регистратура гостиницы Thanks a lot. — Большое спасибо.
Exercise 1. In the dialogue above, find the English equivalents of the following Rus-
sian words, phrases and sentences:
Счастливого пути; перед выездом из гостиницы; в двенадцать часов дня; срок
годности; Слушаю вас; предоплата; номер на втором этаже с окном во двор;
У меня чуткий сон; Я буду иметь это в виду; умеренная цена; стоимость в сутки
на одного человека; на сколько суток; реквизиты кредитной карточки; номера
можно занимать; все номера заняты; владелец карточки; Пожалуйста (в ответ на
«Cпасибо»); Не переношу шума ночью.
Exercise 2. Fill in the blanks with prepositions.
1) What do you need them ... ? 2) All rooms are ... use ... the 30th ... June. 3) Do I pay ...
the room ... advance? 4) Bedrooms are available ... 2pm ... the day ... arrival. 5) A card
issued ... Sberbank is fine ... payment. 6) ... how many nights? 7) There is a discount...
a longer stay ... the low season ... a stay ... no less than 5 nights. 8) I hate a noise ... night.
9) All guests making reservations ... phone are requested to guarantee their bookings ...
a credit card. 10) ... the way, there is no refund ... meals not taken. 11) Ask ... reception.
12) You can order a meal to be brought ... your room. 13) What’s your rate ... person ...
Hotel 19
night? 14) You can settle prior ... your departure ... the hotel. 15) I have reserved ... you
a twin room ... the first floor ... four nights. 16) Buffet lunches and dinners can be had
... reasonable prices. 17) There is a carver restaurant right... the street. 18) I’ll bear that...
mind.
Exercise 3. In the dialogue above, find counterparts1 of these phrases.

Example: facing the courtyard — facing the street
The room is vacant, low season, a heavy sleeper, a twin room, a full traditional English
breakfast, à la carte dinner, it will cost seventy pounds for one person for the night.
Exercise 4. Answer these questions:

1. What is the name of the hotel?
2. Why was it impossible to book a room for a date before the 30th of June?
3. For how many nights was the room reserved?
4. What is the difference between a twin and a double room?
5. What is the collective term covering a tea kettle2, teapot3, coffee percolator4, coffee pot5,
cups, saucers6 and teaspoons7?
6. What would you call a restaurant that mainly serves roasted8 meats?
7. Do guests settle when checking in9 or out10?
8. Are you a light or a heavy sleeper?
9. What did the receptionist need the guest’s credit card details for?
Exercise 5. Read this letter with a description of the Royal Lodge Hotel.
Dear Gregory,
I have booked a room at the hotel described below from 29 July — 4 Aug. It seems a nice
friendly & cosy11 place which I visited this morning. A week of solid12 sunny days here and
very hot.
Hope you have a good trip.
Love13
Ron
1
counterpart — смежное понятие
2
tea kettle — чайник для кипятка
3
teapot — чайник для заварки чая
4
coffee percolator — кофеварка
5
coffee pot — кофейник
6
saucer — блюдце
7
teaspoon — чайная ложка
8
to roast — жарить (мясо)
9
to check in — въезжать (в гостиницу) (syn. to check into a hotel)
10
to check out — выезжать (из гостиницы)
11
cosy — уютный
12
solid — сплошной, подряд
13
Love — Привет!
20 Unit 2
ROYAL LODGE HOTEL
Privately run1 hotel, friendly atmosphere. 2 single: 4 twin: 9 double: 2

Close to shops and bus route. family
Two minutes from beach2. (15 en-suite)
Large bird garden at rear. Open all year.

All rooms with TV. Non-smoking.
Full English breakfast. Swimming pool.
Dinner available all year. Children welcome.
Packed lunches. Dogs welcome.
Special diets provided. Ground floor rooms available.
Liquor3 licence4. Major credit cards accepted.
Licensed bar. Parking.
Tea and coffee making facilities Reduced rates for OAPs5 in low
in bedrooms. season.
Centrally heated6 throughout. Baby sitting service available.

1. For how long was the room booked?123456
2. How far is the hotel from the seashore?
3. How many rooms are not en-suite?
4. What meals and drinks are available?
5. When are rates for OAPs reduced?
6. Who are ground floor rooms meant for?
1
to run — зд.: управлять
2
beach — пляж
3
liquor [lk] — алкогольный напиток; ср.: liqueur [kj] ликёр
4
licence, AE license — лицензия
5
OAP — Old Age Pensioner, syn. (AE, BE) senior citizen — пенсионер по возрасту
6
centrally heated — с центральным отоплением
Hotel 21
Exercise 6. Read the fax message1 below (use a dictionary where necessary).
King George Hotel

18 Windsor Street, Christchurch, Dorset, BH23 IDT.
Telephone: 01202 484222/3. Fax: 01202 475555.
Our Reference:...CF/AG/7937
23.4.1997
Dear PROFESSOR VEIKHMAN

We are pleased to confirm the following reservation for you at the King George
Hotel:
6.7.1997 — 13.7.1997 (7 night/s)
We have reserved FAMILY room/s for you with en-suite facilities, at a tariff of
MIDWEEK £55.00 + £10
WEEKEND £60.00 +£10. TOTAL £470
The tariff includes Full English Breakfast and VAT.
PLEASE NOTE: During your stay functions may be held in the hotel and music
may be heard in some of the rooms until midnight. We endeavour to allocate
our guests away from the function however sometimes this is not possible.
Please contact us before your arrival if you are concerned.
We look forward to welcoming you to the King George Hotel, and we wish you
a pleasant journey to Christchurch.
Assuring you of our personal attention at all times.
Yours sincerely
Mr Gerald Watson
General Manager

1. What is the postcode2 of the hotel?
2. Which rate is higher, midweek or weekend, and why?
3. What kind of breakfast does the tariff include?
4. What did the General Manager warn the future guest about?
1
fax message — сообщение по факсу
2
postcode, AE zip code — почтовый индекс
22 Unit 2
Exercise 7. Read and translate this letter (use a dictionary where necessary) and then
answer these questions:
1. What is it the author does not like about hotels?
2. What is his suggestion1?
3. Which hotels does he find the worst?
LOS ANGELES TIMES 1.1. 2006, p. 10
Extra fees? He will gladly say, ‘No way’
About 15 days per month, I travel all over the world for my business, and I’ve found
that these extra fees, especially bad in the U.S., are really getting out of hand.
My suggestion is to ask for the general manager, not the front-desk manager, and
tell him or her you will not be paying a resort fee or a $3 per-call fee or any other
fee that’s made up to throw on the bill.
Some of the worst situations I have seen:
■ A hotel in Paris wanted to charge a daily parking fee of 35 euros (about $41),
which is fine, and a per-event parking fee of 12 euros (about $14) every time they
put the car in and out of the garage.
■ At a hotel in Venice, Italy, one bowl of Cheerios with warm milk for breakfast,
32 euros (about $38).
When my wife asked for one extra poached egg, they tried to charge 8 euros ($9) for
one egg. I told them I would pay 2 euros; they said fine.
Stephen G. Lee
Los Angeles
Exercise 8. Read, translate and memorise the following jokes. Tell them to your friends.
The visitor paid his bill at the fashionable2 hotel, and as he went out, he noticed a sign
near the door, ‘Have you left anything?’3 So he went back and spoke to the manager.
“That sign’s wrong,” he said. “It should read ‘Have you anything left?’4”
“The new washerwoman5 has stolen two of our towels.”
“The thief! Which ones, dear?”
“The ones we got from the hotel in Miami.”
1
suggestion — предложение (вносимое)
2
fashionable — модный
3
Have you left anything? — Вы что-нибудь оставили?
4
Have you anything left? — У вас что-нибудь осталось?
5
washerwoman — прачка
Hotel 23
Traveller: This is my first visit to your town, could you tell me how many hotels you have here?
Local man: We have two.
Traveller: Now, which of the two could you recommend?
Local man: Well, frankly speaking, it’s like this, sir. Whichever one you go to, you’ll be
sorry you didn’t go to the other.
A man was taking a late holiday at the seaside. On the second morning of his arrival the
manager came up to his breakfast table.
“I hope everything is all right, sir?” he asked.
“Well, I only wish I had come to this hotel a month ago,” replied the guest.
“Oh, sir,” smiled the manager, “I’m happy to hear that! You flatter1 my place!”
“Not at all,” replied the visitor. “What I mean is that I’d rather have eaten these eggs then
than now.”
Exercise 9. Register as a guest of a hotel. To do so, complete2 the form3 below.
REGISTRATION
OF GUESTS
YOUR SIGNATURE
FULL NAME
ADDRESS
POST CARD
TELEPHONE NUMBER
DATE OF ARRIVAL DATE OF DEPARTURE
NO. OF ADULTS IN PARTY NO. OF CHILDREN 16 & UNDER
NATIONALITY PASSPORT NO.
ADDRESS OF NEXT DESTINATION [IF APPLICABLE]
CAR REGISTRATION NO.
PLEASE COULD YOU TELL US HOW YOU HEARD ABOUT US?

RTB GUIDE OUR OWN ADVERTISING
TOURIST INFORMATION CENTRE OTHER
RECOMMENDATION INTERNET
Thank you very much for your time.
PLEASE NOTE THAT REGISTRATION IS REQUIRED BY LAW FOR EACH PERSON OVER 15.
1
to flatter — льстить
2
to complete; syn. to fill in/up; AE to fill out — заполнять
3
form — бланк (RTB — Royal Tourist Board = Управление туризма Великоборитании)
24 Unit 2
Exercise 10. Read and translate this description of ZIP and ZIP+4 Codes (use a dic-
tionary where necessary).
ZIP (Zone Improvement Plan) Code — Established in 1963, the system of 5-digit codes
that identifies the individual post office or metropolitan area delivery station associated
with an address. The first three digits identify the delivery area of a sectional center facil-
ity or a major-city post office serving the delivery address area. The next two (the fourth
and fifth) digits identify the delivery area of an associate post office, post office branch,
or post office station. All post offices are assigned at least one unique 5-digit code. ZIP+4
is an enhanced code consisting of the 5-digit ZIP Code and four additional digits that
identify a specific range of delivery addresses. ZIP Code is a USPS trademark.
ZIP+4 — The nine-digit numeric code, established in 1981, composed of two parts: (a)
The initial code: the first five digits that identify the sectional center facility and delivery
area associated with the address, followed by a hyphen; and (b) the four-digit expanded
code: the first two additional digits designate the sector (a geographic area) and the last
two digits designate the segment (a building, floor, etc.). ZIP+4 is a USPS trademark.

1. How do you decipher the abbreviations ZIP and USPS?
2. When were the ZIP and ZIP+4 Codes established?
3. What trademark are they?
4. What do their digits identify?
3
25 Unit
Chapter 1
Hotel
(2)
Dialogue
А: In a hotel advertisement I saw among other things ‘H & С all rooms’. What is meant?
B: Hot and cold water in all rooms.
А: What security precautions are to be taken by hotel guests?
B: On the inside of your door you are likely to read:
FOR SECURITY
Please bolt the door and deposit valuables at the desk.
Thank you
The management
А: What if I need to be woken at a certain time?

B: Just ask the reception and, in the morning, your phone will ring at the right time and
you will hear something like “Good morning. This is your automatic wake-up call. We
wish you a very pleasant day.”
А: I heard people say ‘public hotel’ and ‘private hotel’. Does this mean that some hotels are
owned by the public while others are private property?
B: Oh, no. That has nothing to do with ownership and everything to do with drinks. In
a public hotel, drinks are served at the bar both to those having a meal and to outsiders. Any-
one can drop in for a drink. In a private hotel, drinks are served only to those having a meal.
А: And one last question. What’s the difference between hotels, inns, guesthouses and B&Bs?
B: An inn is a small pub or hotel, especially one built in the style of many centuries ago.
A guesthouse is a small hotel. Guesthouses are cheaper than hotels. A B&B is a private
house or a small hotel that provides a place to sleep for the night and breakfast the next
morning for a fixed price.
Vocabulary notes
among other things — в частности drink n — (алкогольный) напиток, вы-
B&B = Bed and Breakfast пивка
to bolt the door — запирать дверь to serve a d. — подавать алкогольный
на засов напиток
to deposit — помещать, сдавать на to drop in — заходить
хранение guesthouse — небольшая гостиница
desk — зд.: регистратура гостиницы inn — пивная или небольшая гостини-
(syn. reception), дежурный админи- ца (под старину)
стратор (syn. receptionist) inside — внутренняя сторона
26 Unit 3
Vocabulary notes
management — администрация security — безопасность
outsider — посторонний, человек s. precaution — мера предосторожно-
со стороны сти/безопасности
ownership (of smth) — владение valuables — ценности
(чём-л.), собственность (на что-л.) to deposit v. — сдавать ценности
property — зд.: собственность; ср. на хранение
выше: р. — жилое помещение, не- wake-up call — побудка по теле-
движимость фону
pub, syn. public house — пивная wake-up service — служба побудки
sian phrases:
в определённое время; в нужное время; среди прочего; автоматическая служба по-
будки; сдавать ценности на хранение в регистратуру; вы, возможно, прочитаете;
зайти выпить; нужно, чтобы меня разбудили; закрывать двери на засов; много ве-
ков назад; Это не имеет ничего общего с собственностью; принимать меры безо-
пасности.
1) Anyone can drop ... ... a drink. 2) ... the inside ... your door you are likely to read: ...
security. Please bolt the door and deposit valuables ... the desk. 3) That has nothing to do
... ownership. 4) What security precautions are to be taken ... hotel guests? 5) ... the morn-
ing, your phone will ring ... the right time. 6) A B&B is a private house or a small hotel
that provides a place to sleep ... the night and breakfast the next morning ... a fixed price.
7) What if I need to be woken ... a certain time? 8) ... a public hotel, drinks are served ...
the bar both ... those having a meal and ... outsiders.
1. If there is no safe deposit box in your hotel room, where are you supposed to deposit
your valuables (if any)?
2. What is the difference between public and private hotels?
3. Where do inns differ from hotels, guesthouses and B&Bs?
4. If you want to spend less, where will you stay, at a hotel, inn, guesthouse or B&B?
Exercise 4. Read, translate and memorise these jokes. Tell them to your comrades.
Two reporters sharing a hotel room left separate wake-up calls one night for 8 and 9 a. m.
the next morning. This puzzled1 the desk clerk. At 7 a.m. he rang the reporters’ room and
asked: “Which time do you want to be called — 8 or 9?”
Visiting delegate (to hotel clerk): Why didn’t you call me at seven-thirty this morning?
Clerk (politely): Because you didn’t go to bed till eight.
1
to puzzle — озадачивать
Hotel 27
Exercise 5. Read and translate this clipping1 (use a dictionary where necessary).
Have I left anything in hotel? Oh, the baby...

A STUFFED crocodile and an urn con- en leg, a wedding ring found after the
taining a loved one’s ashes are some of wedding reception, and an ice pick.
the bizarre things people have left in ho- Underwear, car keys, rings and other
tels. small personal items are the most com-
But they are not the most worry- mon possessions left behind.
ing items left behind ... one couple even The list was compiled after Swallow
forgot their six-month-old daughter Hotels quizzed managers at more than
as they checked out in a rush to get to 130 of their establishments nationwide.
a wedding on time. One manager revealed how a caring
A football fan left a pair of FA Cup mum forgot 12 pots of home-made rasp-
final tickets and a bookseller forgot his berry jam she had made for her hard-up
complete set of the works of Shakespeare. student son. Swallow’s chief executive
Other strange items included a wedding Peter Gray said the owners were reunited
dress, kinky role-play uniforms, a wood- with their possessions in most cases.

1. What things do people leave in hotels?1
2. What did one couple leave behind and why?
3. Do absent-minded2 guests get back their things?
Exercise 6. Find out from this clipping how the guests were fooled by the hotel man-
agement?
TELEGRAPH TRAVEL 23.7.2011, p. 17
And the worst hotel you’ve stayed in?
About seven years ago we went to a hotel looked like the hotel was sitting in a beau-
on Virgin Gorda, one of the British Virgin tiful bay, but it was miles from the beach.
Islands. We do a lot of research before we The staff were dreadful, the room was
book up but all I can say is that this one awful, the food was poor — it was disap-
was highly exaggerated. In the brochure it pointing on every level.
1
clipping — вырезка из газеты
2
absent-minded — рассеянный
4
Unit
Meals
(1)
Dialogue
А: What does the hotel bill include?
B: Room and continental breakfast, that is tea (in England usually with milk) or coffee,
a roll or toast, butter or margarine and sugar, marmalade, jam or honey. You could have
a full English breakfast instead, but that would cost a few pounds more.
А: What is a full English breakfast?
B: In addition to a continental one, it includes fruit juice (orange, grapefruit), cereals
with milk or hot water, sausages, bacon, egg (fried, scrambled, boiled or poached), mush-
rooms, beans, fried tomatoes and sometimes kippers. You could also help yourself to
cheese, yoghurt, fresh and stewed fruit (usually prunes and sliced grapefruit). And other
side dishes, that is trimmings and sauces.
А: What cereals are there to choose from?
B: Porridge, Corn Flakes, All Bran, Rice Krispies, Weetabix, Weetaflakes, Puffed Wheat,
muesli and a few others.
А: What is the difference between Weetabix and Weetaflakes?
B: Both are made from processed wheat. But it may be formed into blocks or flakes.
А: I’m asking you for all details because I wanted to know where a full English breakfast
differs from a full Irish one.
B: In addition to eggs, bacon, sausages, beans and tomatoes, an Irish breakfast may con-
tain puddings — white (oatmeal, onions, beef suet, spices and seasoning, sometimes also
pork meat and some other ingredients) and/or black (blood — pig, lamb or goose, suet,
milk, oatmeal, onions, herbs, pepper, nutmeg).
А: And how about other English speaking countries? Do they have respectively a full
American, Canadian, Australian and New Zealand breakfast?
B: No, they simply call it “cooked breakfast”.
А: As for me, I prefer buffet breakfasts with plenty of dishes to choose from and you eat
as much as you like or “eat all you can”. Such “help yourself ” breakfasts are typical of four
and five star hotels. They are worth getting out of bed for.
B: But if no buffet breakfast is available, which would you rather have, a hotel room,
В&В or just renting a room?
А: Just renting a room or a self-catering apartment.
B: Why?
А: Because then I can have for breakfast what I want, the way I want it and when I want it.
B: Sounds sensible enough. But if you are here for a short stay, say a night or two, then
you won’t have the time for buying and cooking the food you want.
А: But I could go to a tearoom, tea shop or coffee bar.
B: What would you have at a tearoom?
А: I fancy cream tea: a pot of tea with scones, jam and clotted cream.
Meals 29
B: How about fish tea? Did you ever have that?

А: You mean fish and chips plus tea? I once had it in a Café Bar named ‘Smugglers’ on the
Promenade not far from Edinburgh.
B: Smugglers? Why such an exotic name for a Café Bar?
А: Because it is on the shore of the Firth of Forth. Smugglers may or may not have landed
there, but closeness of the sea justifies the use of such romantic names. But to get back
to meals. Another possibility is to buy a meal, say fish and chips, to take away. In some
eateries, they advertise ‘Eat in or take away’.
B: In Scotland they more often say ‘carry out’, which is an Americanism as are ‘to take
out’ and ‘to go’.
А: But when I am hard pressed for time, I drop into a sandwicherie and have a couple of
sandwiches and something to wash them down with. As for lunch, I stick to something
simple: a starter (appetiser or soup), the main course and hot or cold sweet1. No five-
course lunch for me.
B: What’s your favourite cold sweet?
A: Strawberries and cream.
B: You can’t beat the English at strawberries! When it comes to gathering the crop, we
are so short-handed that townspeople are invited to the countryside to pick strawberries.
They are allowed to eat as much as they can and take home a basketful each. Just the job
for you.
A: What is your last meal of the day?
B: I don’t think the traditional English dinner at 6 PM or later is a healthy habit. Tastes
differ, of course, but my last meal is the five o’clock tea.
A: The funny thing is that the English have their five o’clock tea four o’clockish. It’s five
o’clock only in name.
(To be continued)
Vocabulary notes
appetiser — закуска и аперитив перед coffee bar — кофейня, кафе (syn.: café bar)
обедом countryside — сельская местность
bacon [bekn] — бекон cream — сливки
basketful — полная корзина clotted с. — густые топлёные сливки
bean — фасоль dish — блюдо (как посуда и как еда)
to beat smb at smth — превзойти side d. — гарнир (например, салат),
кого-л. в чем-л. подаваемый к мясному или к рыбно-
beef — говядина му блюду
bran — отруби to drop into a place — зайти куда-л.; см.
All Bran — отруби без добавок (на- выше: syn. to drop in
пример, изюма); ср. AE: Bran with eatery — закусочная, столовая
Raisins — отруби с изюмом egg — яйцо
cereal — «злаковое» блюдо boiled e. — вареное яйцо
1
In bars of Australian hotels, a ‘counter lunch’ can be had. It’s evening version is ‘counter tea’
(counter — буфетная стойка)
30 Unit 4
Vocabulary notes
fried e. — яичница-глазунья prune — чернослив
poached e. — яйцо, сваренное без Puffed Wheat — «воздушное» пшено
скорлупы в металлической форме respectively — соответственно
scrambled e. — яичница-драчёна, Rice Krispies — «воздушный» рис
омлет roll — булочка
firth — фиорд sandwicherie — бутербродная, syn.
flakes — хлопья takeaway sandwich bar
Corn F. — корнфлекс, кукурузные scone — ячменная или пшеничная
хлопья лепешка
to get back to smth — возвращаться seasoning — приправа
к чему-л. self-catering apartment — квартира
hard pressed for time — испытываю- с кухней
щий острый недостаток времени sensible — разумный
to help oneself to smth. — угощаться shore — берег моря
чем-л., брать себе на тарелку что-л. short-handed — испытывающий не-
honey [hni] — мёд хватку рабочих рук
I fancy — мне нравится to slice — нарезать тонкими ломтиками
in addition to — в добавление к smuggler — контрабандист
ingredient [ngr dint] — ингреди-
spice — специя
ент, компонент
stewed fruit — компот
-ish — суффикс со значением прибли-
to stick (stuck, stuck) to smth — придер-
зительности, напр.: four o’clockish —
живаться чего-л.
примерно в четыре часа, часа в че-
suet [sut] — околопочечный жир
тыре
herbs — зелень, травы tastes differ — вкусы не совпадают,
Just the job for you. — Как раз работа о вкусах не спорят, «на вкус и цвет
для вас. товарищей нет»
to justify — оправдывать (что-л.) to take away, АЕ, ScE to carry out, АЕ to
kipper — копчёная селёдка take out, to go — навынос, с собой
muesli — мюсли (овсяные хлопья tea — чай
грубого помола, орехи, изюм, куски cream t. — чай с лепёшками, джемом
сушёных бананов, яблок и др.) и густыми топлёными сливками
nutmeg — мускатный орех fish t. — рыба с жареным картофелем
oatmeal — овсяная крупа и чай
onion [njn] — лук tearoom — чайная (syn.: tea shop)
pepper — перец townspeople — горожане
to pick strawberries — собирать trimming — приправа, гарнир
клубнику to wash smth down with smth — запи-
pork — свинина вать что-л. чем-л.
porridge — овсяная каша Weetabix — пшеничные пластины
pot of tea — чайник с чаем Weetaflakes — пшеничные хлопья
promenade — прибрежная аллея wheat — пшеница
Meals 31
sian phrases and sentences:
Когда подходит время сбора урожая; Когда вы едите последний раз?; выбирать из;
когда у меня очень мало времени; запить что-л.; Что касается меня, то я; множе-
ство блюд; в дополнение к; брать себе; близость моря; снятие комнаты; навынос;
Но вернёмся к; есть на завтрак; Интересно, что; Как насчёт; Но если нет шведского
стола; на морском берегу; что бы вы предпочли; Чем полный английский завтрак
отличается от полного ирландского?; звучит довольно разумно; пятизвёздочная
гостиница; У нас такая нехватка рабочей силы.
Exercise 2. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and an adverb.

1) Help yourself ... cheese. 2) What dishes are there to choose ... ? 3) Eat ... or take ... . 4) Such
breakfasts are typical ... four and five star hotels. 5) I am here ... a short stay. 6) Have a glass
of water to wash your food ... ... . 7) You can’t beat the English … strawberries!
Exercise 3. Find in the text synonyms of the following words and phrases:
to take away, tearoom, café (bar), cooked breakfast.
Exercise 4. Find in the text counterparts of the following words and phrases:
to be in no hurry, fresh fruit, butter, a long stay, scrambled egg, boiled egg.
Exercise 5. Answer the following questions:

1. Where does a full English breakfast differ from a continental one?
2. What are the counterparts of a full English breakfast in other English speaking coun-
tries?
3. What are the advantages1 of renting a room over staying in a hotel room?
4. When is a hotel room preferable2?
5. What is cream tea?
6. What is fish tea?
7. On what terms are townspeople invited to pick strawberries?
Exercise 6. Bear in mind that “4 o’clockish” means около 4 часов. Now translate the
following:
1. “You are still young.” “Youngish.” 2. A car will pick you up at 12.30 (’ish). 3. James
smiled, wondering how old she was. Twenty-five? Ish? 4. “He’s tall. Ish. And good-look-
ing. Ish. And a blond.” “Ish?” 5. We were latish. 6. “The sky is blue.” “Bluish.” 7. Come at
three or fourish. 8. Slightly dampish roads. 9. After work, it would be latish. 10. “When
is the ambulance3 coming?” “Nowish.”
1
advantage — преимущество
2
preferable — предпочтительный
3
ambulance — скорая помощь
32 Unit 4
Exercise 7. What will you have for breakfast? Indicate1 your choice by underlining
starters and ticking2 the boxes3.
BLACKFIELD GUEST HOUSE
Breakfast Menu
Please help yourself from a selection of starters on the cold buffet, including juice,
cereal, prunes, grapefruit segments and yoghurt. Toast is served.
Please indicate your choice by ticking the boxes:
Porridge
Main Courses:
A full breakfast (Bacon, sausage, fried egg, tomato, mushroom, soda bread)
Or choose from any combination of the following:
Bacon Sausage Tomato
Soda bread Egg: — Fried Mushroom
or Poached
Or:
Boiled eggs
Or:
Scrambled eggs on toast With: Bacon
Mushroom
Tomato
Tea Coffee
ROOM NO:
It would help our plans tremendously4 if you could complete this

menu card and leave it at the reception desk the night before.
1
to indicate — указывать
2
to tick — отмечать галочкой
3
box — зд.: клеточка
4
tremendously — очень, чрезвычайно
Meals 33
Exercise 8. Find out from this clipping how many people were polled and what per-
centage of Germans, Americans and French preferred the full English breakfast.
DAILY EXPRESS 16.7.2011, p.31
Full English fry-up is world’s top breakfast
NO matter how exotic the holiday it seems that one thing — breakfast — is forever
England.
An international survey of travellers has revealed that the traditional English fry-
up is the world’s favourite breakfast.
Even 36 per cent of French people say they would prefer a plate of bacon and
eggs to a croissant.
More than half — 55 per cent — of Britons abroad prefer a fry-up, as do 47 per
cent of Germans, a survey by Hotels.com found.
Of the 2,400 polled, 17 per cent said the UK had the best breakfasts. Second was
the US with 14 per cent while France came third with 11 per cent.
Full English is first choice for travellers.
“What do you call this, tea or coffee?” asked the angry customer. “It tastes like castor oil1.”
“If it tastes like castor oil,” said the waiter, “I can guarantee it’s coffee, because our tea
tastes like dishwater2.”
Man: Waiter, I want to complain about this horrible food. Please, may I see the Chef3?
Waiter: I’m afraid not, sir, he’s just gone out to lunch.
Man: Waiter, I’d like some tea without milk.

Waiter: I’m sorry, sir, we haven’t got any milk. What about tea without cream?
A waiter was suddenly taken to hospital to be operated on. As he lay on the operating
table, in great pain, he saw a doctor in white pass by4.
“Doctor, I’m in great pain. Would you mind taking care of me?”
“I’m sorry, but this isn’t my table.”
Patient: Doctor, every time I have a cup of tea, I get a stabbing pain in my eye.
Doctor: Well, try taking the spoon out.
1
castor oil — касторка
2
dishwater — помои
3
chef [
ef] — шеф-повар
4
to pass by — проходит мимо
34 Unit 4
Exercise 10. The article (fragment) below illustrates the strawberry picking practice.
Read and translate it (use a dictionary where necessary).
DAILY MAIL 20.6.2008, p.35
The strawberry farm where

too many visitors picked their own
(and ate them all before they paid)
By Andrew Levy
ANYONE who’s spent a sunny after- ‘We’d expect to make about £40,000
noon in a ‘pick your own’ strawberry during the strawberry season but we
field will have been tempted to nibble lost £10,000 of that to greedy gorgers.
a few along the way. We spotted one family sitting in the field
And for 50 years, Hacker’s Fruit Farm with a bowl of water to wash them and
was content to put up with a little bit then a bowl of cream they were dipping
of deceit as customers made their way them in.
through rows of plants weighed down ‘One woman came up to the counter,
by fruit. covered in juice on her trousers, up her
But the manager has now ripped up arms and even in her hair. But she handed
the entire crop after becoming fed up at over a punnet with four strawberries in.
pickers gorging themselves for free on ‘A mum walked into the shop with
what was supposed to be his livelihood. her family and her sari was bulging with
Mark Spight said he had been los- fruit. But her husband handed over an
ing a quarter of each year’s yield to empty basket saying they couldn’t find
greedy punters at the farm in Dry Dray- any.’
ton, Cambridgeshire. ‘Children would rip up the green fruit
Mr Spight said: ‘The cheek of people and throw them at each other but the
was unbelievable. People were treating parents would get defensive if you con-
it like a giant open buffet. fronted them.’

1. Are townspeople really allowed to eat as much as they can and take home a basketful
each?
2. What did the manager dislike about the pickers?
3. How did he word his dislike?
4. What was his loss during the strawberry season?
5. What examples of pickers’ impudence1 did he cite2?
1
impudence — нахальство, наглость
2
to cite an example — приводить пример
Meals 35
Exercise 11. Did you know any of these 5 things about strawberries? Which ones?
Five things you never knew about… strawberries

WILLIAM HARTSTON
1. The strawberry is a ‘false fruit’. 4. There are over 30 varieties of Brit-

Strictly, each seed on its outside is ish strawberry, though according to
a fruit in its own right. a recent survey, 40 per cent of peo-
2. The town of Wépion, Belgium, is ple do not know there are different
home to the Musée de la Fraise or varieties.
Strawberry Museum. 5. ‘Doubtless God could have made
3. Five strawberries provide more vi- a better berry but doubtless God
tamin С than an average orange. never did’ (William Butler, physician,
praising the strawberry around 1600).
5
Unit
Meals
(2)
Dialogue
А: To get back to breakfast. What do the English have their porridge with?
B: That’s an interesting point. Porridge originally comes from Scotland, where it is eat-
en with salt. In England, we have porridge and other cereals with milk and sugar or
honey.
А: Can one have buckwheat gruel for breakfast?
B: No, we use buckwheat mostly as food for hens, and for making pancakes.
А: Some people in Russia, especially children, have semolina for breakfast. What about
England?
B: In England, semolina is eaten not for breakfast, but as a sweet, for instance, semolina
pudding, which people sometimes have after the main course.
А: What is marmalade made of?
B: Try to guess.
А: Apples, pears, plums?
B: Wrong. Try again.
А: Could it be strawberries, raspberries, gooseberries, cranberries, blueberries, blackber-
ries or currants?
B: Which currants do you mean, black, red or white?
А: Well, any of those.
B: No, this time you missed it by a mile.
А: Please, stop pulling my leg and tell me what it is. I give up.
B: OK. You forgot citrus fruits: lime, lemon, grapefruit and orange. It’s them, mostly or-
ange, that English marmalade is made of.
А: And, finally, three more questions. The first — what is trifle?
B: It’s my favourite sweet. It’s made of sponge cake, tinned fruit or berries (apricots,
peaches, raspberries etc.) with jelly, whipped cream, custard and sometimes sherry on
top.
А: Sounds nice. Even makes my mouth water. The second question is about two more
sweets. What’s the difference between a cake and a gâteau?
B: A gâteau is a cake filled or decorated on top with cream, fruit, nuts, etc.
А: And my final question is, what kind of animal is Welsh rabbit?
B: “Welsh rabbit” is no animal. It is a shorter way of saying “Welsh rarebit”. It is savoury
food made by putting cheese, sometimes mixed with other things such as milk, beer,
flour and spices, onto bread, sometimes with a piece of tomato on top of the cheese. It is
then heated so that the cheese melts.
(To be continued)
Meals 37
Vocabulary notes
apricot — абрикос hen — курица
berry — ягода It makes my mouth water — У меня от
blackberry — ежевика этого слюнки текут
blueberry — черника jelly — желе
cranberry — клюква lime — лайм (мелкий зеленоватый
gooseberry — крыжовник лимон)
raspberry [rzbri] — малина to melt — таять, плавиться
strawberry — клубника to miss smth by a mile — сильно про-
buckwheat — гречка махнуться
cake — пирожное, торт nut — орех
sponge [spnd] с. — бисквит originally — первоначально
citrus [strs] — цитрус, цитрусо- pancake — оладья
вый peach — персик
cream — сливки; ср. выше: clotted с. — pear [pe] — груша
густые топлёные сливки plum — слива
whipped с. — взбитые сливки to pull smb’s leg — разыгрывать
currant — смородина кого-л.
custard [kstd] — заварной крем savoury — острый (о пище)
flour [ a] — мука sherry — херес
gâteau [æt] — пирожное или торт semolina [semlin] — манка
с кремом, фруктами, орехами и т. д. spice — специя
to give up — сдаваться tinned, syn. canned — консервирован-
gruel — каша ный
to guess — догадываться, угадывать, trifle — трайфл (ингредиенты см.
а в АЕ, кроме того, — думать, счи- выше в тексте)
тать, полагать Welsh — уэльский
Exercise 1. In the dialogue above, find the English equivalents of these Russian phras-
es and sentences:
Это мой любимый десерт; Попытайтесь еще раз; Вернёмся к завтраку; хватит меня
разыгрывать; У меня даже слюнки потекли; Сдаюсь; С чем англичане едят овся-
ную кашу?; Вот из них-то (в основном из апельсинов) и делают английский марме-
лад; Попробуйте угадать; на этот раз вы попали пальцем в небо.

1) A gâteau is a cake filled or decorated ... top ... cream, fruit, nuts etc. 2) I give ... . 3) In
Scotland, porridge is eaten ... salt. 4) You missed it ... a mile. 5) To get... ...breakfast. 6) Tri-
38 Unit 5
fle is made ... jelly, whipped cream, custard and sometimes sherry ... top. 7) What
is marmalade made ...? 8) What do the English have their porridge ...? 9) Can one
have buckwheat gruel ... breakfast?
Exercise 3. Examine1 the receipt2 (the yellow one ) The Coffee Company
221 Portoblanco High St
and answer these questions: Edinburgh EH15 2AT
1. What is the Coffee Company’s address? Tel # 0131 669 4455
2. What is its telephone number? Thank You
Please Call Again
3. What is its Value Added Tax3?
Vat # 634 8346 25
4. When was the receipt churned out4?
5. What was the customer’s table number? 02-09-95 #0
6. What was his old balance5?
7. What was his new balance? TABLE NO 001
OLD BAL 0.00
8. How much were the soup, beef6 pot7 fillet8 and
1 SOUP 0.95
trifle? 1 B/POT/FILL 2.20
9. What was the cashier’s name? 1 TRIFLE 0.95
10. What was the receipt number? NEW BAL 4.10
11. What was the date and time of payment? Hilary 1326 13:30TM
Exercise 4. The second receipt looks very much like

the previous one. And yet there are five differences The Coffee Company
221 Portoblanco High St
between them. What are they? Edinburgh EH15 2AT
Tel # 0131 669 4455
Thank You
Please Call Again
Exercise 5. Answer these questions: Vat # 634 8346 25
1. What do the English and the Scots have their
porridge with? 04-09-95 #0
2. How are buckwheat and semolina used in England?
TABLE NO 006
3. What fruit and berries do you know? OLD BAL 0.00
4. What is English marmalade made of? 1 SOUP 0.95
5. What is trifle? 1 B/POT/FILL 2.20
6. What is a gâteau? 1 TRIFLE 0.95
7. What is ‘Welsh rabbit’? NEW BAL 4.10
0000000 1538 13:02TM
1
to examine — внимательно рассматривать
2
receipt [rsit] — чек, выбиваемый при покупке
3
Value Added Tax (VAT) — налог на добавленную стоимость
4
to churn out — выбивать
5
balance — остаток
6
beef — говядина
7
pot — горшок
8
fillet [flt] — филе
Meals 39
Exercise 6. English breakfasts, particularly tea and what you spread on your toast,
are class indicators1. Read and translate this excerpt2 from ‘Watching the English’ (use
a dictionary where necessary). Sum up3 the indicators of the upper, upper-middle,
middle-middle, lower-middle and working class.
from WATCHING THE ENGLISH
The traditional English breakfast — tea, toast, marmalade, eggs, bacon, sau-
sages, tomatoes, mushrooms, etc. — is both good and filling, and breakfast is the
only aspect of English cooking that is frequently and enthusiastically praised by
foreigners. Few of us eat this ‘full English breakfast’ regularly, however: foreign tour-
ists staying in hotels get far more traditional breakfasts than we natives ever enjoy
at home.
The tradition is maintained more at the top and bottom of the social scale than
among the middle ranks. Some members of the upper class and aristocracy still
have proper English breakfasts in their country houses, and some working-class
people (mostly males) still believe in starting the day with a ‘cooked breakfast’ of
bacon, eggs, sausages, baked beans, fried bread, toast and so on.
This feast may often be eaten in a ‘caff ’ rather than at home, and is washed down
with industrial quantities of strong, brick-coloured, sweet, milky tea. Lower-middles
and middle-middles drink a paler, ‘posher’ version, Twining’s English Breakfast, say,
rather than PG Tips. The upper-middle and upper classes drink weak, dishwater-col-
oured, unsweetened Earl Grey. Taking sugar in your tea is regarded by many as an
infallible lower-class indicator: even one spoonful is a bit suspect (unless you were
born before about 1955); more than one and you are lower-middle at best; more than
two and you are definitely working-class. Putting the milk into the cup first is also
a lower-class habit, as is over-vigorous, noisy stirring. Some pretentious middles and
upper-middles make an ostentatious point of drinking Lapsang Souchong, without
milk or sugar, as this is about as far removed from working-class tea as they can get.
More honest (or less class-anxious) upper-middles and uppers often admit to a secret
liking for the strong, rust-coloured ‘builders’ tea’. How snooty you are about ‘builders’
tea’, and how careful you are to avoid it, is quite a good class-anxiety test.
But toast is not much use as a class indicator: everybody likes toast. The higher
social ranks do have a bit of a prejudice against packaged sliced bread, but only the
very class-anxious will go to great lengths to avoid it. What you choose to spread
on your toast, however, can provide clues to your social position. Margarine is
1
class indicators — признаки принадлежности к соответствующей социальной группе на-
селения
2
excerpt [ekspt] — отрывок
3
to sum up — суммировать
40 Unit 5
regarded as decidedly ‘common’ by the middle and upper classes, who use butter
(unless they are on a diet or have a dairy intolerance, that is). Marmalade is univer-
sally popular, but the dark, thick-cut Oxford or Dundee marmalade is favoured by
the higher echelons, while the lower ranks generally prefer the lighter-coloured,
thin-cut Golden Shred.
The unwritten class rules about jam are much the same: the darker the colour and the
bigger the lumps of fruit, the more socially elevated the jam. Some class-anxious mid-
dles and upper-middles secretly prefer the paler, smoother, low-class marmalades and
jams (possibly because they come from lower-class backgrounds, and were fed Golden
Shred and the like as children), but feel obliged to buy the socially superior chunky ones.
Only the lower classes — the lower-middles in particular — try to sound posh by calling
jam ‘preserves’.
6
41 Unit
Chapter 1
Meals
(3)
Dialogue
А: Last time we spoke about breakfast, lunch, 5 o’clock tea and dinner. Are there any
other meals in England?
B: Yes, in addition to those, there are so-called elevenses — a mid-morning snack at
11 am during a break at work or by a housewife at home. It’s usually a light meal, often
just coffee and a biscuit. As for the 5 o’clock tea, which we usually call ‘afternoon tea’, it is
sometimes replaced in some parts of Britain with ‘high tea’. High tea is usually between
5 and 6 or 7 pm, especially for children whose parents eat dinner separately after the
children are in bed.
А: What does high tea include?
B: Something hot, often something on toast, scrambled, poached or fried egg, baked
beans, sardines, fried or grilled sausages, cheese. That differs it from afternoon tea when
people have bread and butter, cake, pie, crumpets, scones and sandwiches.
А: Any other meals?
B: On Sunday, some people get uр late and instead of breakfast and lunch they combine
them into a single meal which they call ‘brunch’, that is late leisurely breakfast1. Yes, and
not to forget ‘nightcap’. This is what some people have right before going to bed. It is
a drink to make them sleep sweeter: either a hot milky drink (for example, cocoa) or an
alcoholic drink.
А: And how about supper?
B: Some people, especially in working-class families and in the North, have it instead of
dinner. But it is a light snack (sandwiches, biscuits with or without cheese, cake).
А: Then when do they have dinner?
B: They have it in place of lunch, while lunch for them (as a second breakfast) takes the
place of elevenses.
А: After hearing about so many meals a day, one gets the impression that people in the
UK do nothing but eat and drink all the time.
B: No, there you’re wrong. You should bear in mind that elevenses and nightcap are op-
tional, that brunch is an alternative to breakfast plus lunch and that high tea and supper
are alternatives to afternoon tea and dinner.
А: So how many meals a day do English people have?
B: Usually four: breakfast (7—9 am), lunch (12:30—1:30 or 1—2 pm), afternoon tea
(4—5 pm) and an evening meal: either high tea (5—7 pm), dinner (6—8 pm) or supper
(8 pm or later).
1
However, in some coffee houses they advertise ‘Brunch served all day’.
42 Unit 6
Vocabulary notes
to bake — печь, выпекать nightcap — приём спиртного или
biscuit [bskt], AE cookie — печенье сладкого молочного напитка на ночь
break — перерыв one gets the impression — складыва-
brunch = breakfast + lunch ется впечатление
cocoa — какао optional, AE elective — факультатив-
crumpet — сдобная лепёшка ный, по выбору
to fry — жарить на сковородке pie — пирог
to grill — жарить на гриле snack — лёгкая закуска
high tea — чай с горячими блюдами the UK = The United Kingdom of Great
in place of, syn. instead of — вместо Britain and Northern Ireland — Соеди-
leisurely [leli] — неторопливый нённое Королевство Великобритании
mid-morning — в середине утра и Северной Ирландии
milky — молочный working-class — зд.: рабочий
es and sentences:
он иногда заменяется; Вы должны иметь в виду; чтобы крепче спать; после того,
как дети легли спать; во время перерыва на работе; создаётся впечатление; объ-
единяют их в одну трапезу; альтернатива сочетанию завтрака с ленчем; вместо
ленча; в этом вы неправы; ничего не делают, только всё время едят и пьют; родите-
ли которых обедают отдельно; поздний продолжительный неторопливый завтрак.

1) biscuits... or ... cheese; 2) ... addition... those, there are so-called elevenses. 3) You
should bear ... mind. 4) That differs it ... afternoon tea. 5) They have dinner ... place ...
lunch. 6) Brunch is an alternative ... breakfast plus lunch. 7) Elevenses are a mid-morning
meal ... 11 am. 8) High tea is usually ... 5 and 6 or 7 pm, especially ... children whose
parents eat dinner separately after the children are ... bed. 9) ... hearing ... so many meals
a day. 10) Nightcap is right ... going ... bed. 11) ... a break ... work or ... a housewife ...
home. 12) Instead ... breakfast and lunch they combine them ... a single meal. 13) After-
noon tea is sometimes replaced ... some parts ... Britain ... ‘high tea’. 14) ... Sunday, some
people get ... late.

1. What are elevenses?
2. Where does high tea differ from afternoon tea?
3. What is ‘brunch’?
4. What is ‘nightcap’?
5. What does supper replace?
6. How many meals a day do the English have?
7. What are they?
Meals 43
Exercise 4. Rewrite these sentences as in b.

a) I want a cup of tea.
b) As for ↑ me, I want a cup of tea.
Что касается меня, то я хочу чашку чаю.
a) The chairman’s been on the platform.
b) As for the ↑ chairman, he’s been on the platform.
Что касается председателя, то он был на трибуне.
1. I’m done with it.

2. I shall go home.
3. The others receive from ten per cent to forty per cent less.
4. The 5 o’clock tea is sometimes replaced in some parts of Britain with ‘high tea’.
5. The town regarded Irene as just another Cooper’s Mills girl who had gone away for
a few years.
6. I said what I said to you tonight for your own good.
Exercise 5. Read and memorise this joke. Tell it to a comrade.

Bill who had just agreed to take Sam to dinner and was afraid the bill would be large, said,
just as they were about1 to give their order to the waiter:
“Putting on a little weight2, aren’t you, Sam?”
Exercise 6. Read and translate this excerpt from N. Hudson’s Modern Australian Usage
(use a dictionary where necessary).
The midday meal is generally called lunch (or, in a diminishing number of pretentious
restaurants, luncheon). However, in the days before gas and electric stoves and lights,
most households had their main meal in the middle of the day, and it was often called
dinner. After dinner, they could let the fire go out. The naming survives in some house-
holds, especially for the midday meal on Sunday. This need not be ambiguous: ‘Will you
come to dinner on Sunday?’ is generally an evening invitation; ‘Will you come to Sunday
dinner?’ is probably an invitation for midday.

1. What is the difference between ‘lunch’ and ‘luncheon’?
2. When was the midday meal called ‘dinner’?
3. What is the difference between ‘dinner on Sunday’ and ‘Sunday dinner’?
Exercise 7. Now read and translate these excerpts (use a dictionary where necessary).
What are the class indicators here?
1
to be about to do smth, syn.: to be going to do smth — собираться делать что-л.
2
to put on weight — прибавлять в весе, поправляться
44 Unit 6
There is nothing wrong with the word ‘dinner’ in itself: it is only a working-class
hallmark if you use it to refer to the midday meal, which should be called ‘lunch’. Call-
ing your evening meal ‘tea’ is also a working-class indicator: the higher echelons call
this meal ‘dinner’ or ‘supper’. (Technically, a dinner is a somewhat grander meal than
a supper: if you are invited to ‘supper’, this is likely to be an informal family meal, eaten
in the kitchen — sometimes this is made explicit, as in ‘family supper’ or ‘kitchen sup-
per’. The uppers and upper-middles use the term ‘supper’ more than the middle- and
lower-middles). ‘Tea’, for the higher classes, is taken at around four o’clock, and con-
sists of tea and cakes or scones (which they pronounce with a short ‘o’), and perhaps
little sandwiches (pronounced ‘sanwidges’, not ‘sand-witches’). The lower classes call
this ‘afternoon tea’. All this can pose a few problems for foreign visitors: if you are in-
vited to ‘dinner’, should you turn up at midday or in the evening? Does ‘come for tea’
mean four o’clock or seven o’clock? To be safe, you will have to ask what time you are
expected. The answer will help you to place your hosts on the social scale.
What do you call your evening meal? And at what time do you eat it?
• If you call it ‘tea’, and eat it at around half past six, you are almost certainly
working class or of working-class origin. (If you have a tendency to personalize the
meal, calling it ‘my tea’, ‘our/us tea’ and ‘your tea’ — as in ‘I must be going home for
my tea’, ‘What’s for us tea, love?’ or ‘Come back to mine for your tea’ — you are prob-
ably northern working class.)
• If you call the evening meal ‘dinner’, and eat it at around seven o’clock, you
are probably lower-middle or middle-middle.
• If you normally only use the term ‘dinner’ for rather more formal evening
meals, and call your informal, family evening meal ‘supper’ (pronounced ‘suppah’),
you are probably upper-middle or upper class. The timing of these meals tends to
be more flexible, but a family ‘supper’ is generally eaten at around half-past seven,
while a ‘dinner’ would usually be later, from half past eight onwards.
To everyone but the working classes, ‘tea’ is a light meal taken at around four
o’clock in the afternoon, and consists of tea (the drink) with cakes, scones, jam,
biscuits and perhaps little sandwiches — traditionally including cucumber sand-
wiches — with the crusts cut off. The working classes call this ‘afternoon tea’, to
distinguish it from the evening ‘tea’ that the rest call supper or dinner.
The timing of lunch is not a class indicator, as almost everyone has lunch at around
one o’clock. The only class indicator is what you call this meal: if you call it ‘dinner’, you
are working class; everyone else, from the lower-middles upwards, calls it ‘lunch’. People
who say ‘d’lunch’ — which Jilly Cooper notes has a slightly West Indian sound to it — are
trying to conceal their working-class origins, remembering at the last second not to call
it ‘dinner’. (They may also say ‘t’dinner’ — which confusingly sounds a bit Yorkshire — for
the evening meal, just stopping themselves from calling it ‘tea’.) Whatever their class, and
whatever they may call it, the English do not take the middle-of-the-day meal at all seri-
ously: most make do with a sandwich or some other quick, easy, single-dish meal.
Meals 45
Exercise 8. Read and translate this clipping (use a dictionary where necessary). What
impressed1 you about it?
Diner pays his bill, 13 years late
A DINER who forgot to pay his bill has finally forked out — 13 years late.
The absent-minded man contacted police via an anonymous letter, explaining he
left without paying for a £10 meal at an Indian restaurant in Mumbles, Swansea, in
1996, but could not remember the name of the venue.
Enclosed in the letter was £10 to cover the cost of the food, plus £50 compensa-
tion, and an explanation of where the restaurant was.
Exercise 9. Read and translate this excerpt from ‘Xenophobe’s Guide to the English’
(use a dictionary where necessary). Find in it the answers to these questions:
1. What did Somerset Maugham once observe?
2. Where are English breakfasts available round-the-clock?
3. What do the English describe as a ‘proper meal’?
4. What dishes are made from potatoes?
5. What puddings and pseudo-puddings are there?
6. What do the French and the English do with their left-overs?
from XENOPHOBE’S GUIDE TO THE ENGLISH
The English have always been, culinarily speaking, unadventurous and the tra-
ditionalist’s backlash is ever present. On the whole, ‘good plain cooking’ and ‘honest
simple fare’ is what’s wanted. This carries the clear implication that complicated and
pretty dishes are neither good nor honest.
The writer Somerset Maugham once observed that one could eat very well in
England simply by having breakfast three times a day. Although the great English
home-cooked breakfast — a sizzling feast of bacon, eggs, sausages, grilled tomatoes,
mushrooms, kidneys, kippers, and so on — has given way to a belief that instant cof-
fee and cornflakes must be healthier, it is available 24 hours a day at motorway ser-
vice stations.
1
to impress smb — производить впечатление на кого-л.
46 Unit 6
Roast beef, lamb or pork with vegetables and roast potatoes are still the nation’s
favourite choice for a ‘proper meal’. At all other times, and when inspiration fails, the
English fall back on their other traditional dish, baked beans on toast.
The average person gets through 100 kilos of potatoes every year. Mashed po-
tatoes are one of the compulsory three vegetables with each meal. Potatoes also
come in the form of crispy snacks and, of course, chips. Fish & chips, Burgers & chips,
Steak & chips, Sausages & chips, Egg & chips or just chips on their own with salt, vin-
egar and tomato sauce. They are even enjoyed in the form of ‘chip butties’ — chips
stuffed between two halves of a buttered bun.
They also love puddings. Most of the English wouldn’t consider a meal finished
unless they had a pudding — steamed jam roll, rhubarb crumble, apple pie, trea-
cle pudding, strawberry tart, all the traditional dishes purchased straight from the
freezer cabinet. The unwary should take care with ‘Yorkshire’ and ‘black’ puddings.
Neither is quite what it seems. The first is baked batter eaten with roast beef, and
the second a ferocious blood sausage.
As the interest in foreign food has grown, so have the choices. Yet ask the Eng-
lish about restaurants and they talk about the speed of the service, the size of the
portions and the price — before, if it is mentioned at all, the meal itself.
In spite of their tastes becoming more sophisticated, the English treasure
the sandwich. They are also happy to use up their left-overs. ‘Shame to let it go
to waste, they chorus. While the French will consign the remains of an evening
meal to the bin, the English will eat theirs next day for lunch. They even make
a virtue of old cold potatoes and cabbage, serving them, fried, as ‘bubble and
squeak’.
English taste is insidious. It assimilates all who come into contact with it. Only
in England would an Indian restaurant happily sell chips with curry sauce. Only the
English would eat them.
Exercise 10. Read and translate these clippings (use a dictionary where necessary).
Find the answers to these questions in the 1st one:
1. What meals are more popular?
2. What is used instead of the napkin?
3. What is the role of cooking nowadays?
4. What about family dinners?
Meals 47
DAILY MAIL 15.7.2011, p. 33
We’ve lost our appetite for three-course dinner parties
Only 2 per cent of Britons said a traditional meal with guests was their favourite form
of entertaining. Instead, a casual meal with friends is the most popular (30 per cent)
followed by barbecues (23 percent).
Even the napkin is a thing of the past, with only 15 per cent using them for a din-
ner party while 76 per cent use paper serviettes or kitchen roll.
Research showed 21 per cent of us spend less than 15 minutes in the kitchen
when entertaining while one in two cooks confessed to passing off a shop-bought
dessert as one of their own.
The tradition of family gatherings round a dinner table also appears to be fading.
One in ten never do it, and nearly 40 per cent eat in front of the TV.
However, the popularity of celebrity chefs and TV food shows has given rise to
a nation of confident cooks with more than a third saying they cook for friends at least
twice a month. Half prepare everything from scratch.
In the clipping which follows find the answers to these questions:

1. How long do workers now spend on eating?
2. How long do lunch, breakfast and dinner take?
The lunch hour now lasts

12 minutes and 49 seconds
WORKERS are now under so much pressure at home and in jobs, we only find 39 min-
utes and nine seconds in the day to eat, a study has found.
For many staff a full lunch hour is replaced with a quick sandwich in front of a com-
puter at their desk. This is forced down, on average, in 12 minutes and 49 seconds.
Breakfast is even quicker, with many setting aside only seven minutes and 20 sec-
onds for it.
The study, by President cheese, revealed we take more time eating dinner but that
is still only 19 minutes.
48 Unit 6
Exercise 11. Here are some tips1 on how to behave at a restaurant. Read and translate
them (use a dictionary where necessary). Which of these rules are entirely English and
which are international?
When eating at a restaurant, we know that we should be polite to the waiters and, in
particular, never, ever try to summon a waiter by snapping our fingers or bellowing
across the room. The correct procedure is to lean back in your chair with an expect-
ant look, endeavour to make eye contact, then perform a quick eyebrow-lift/chin-lift.
Raising a hand is permissible, as is a quiet ‘Excuse me?’ if the waiter is nearby and has
not noticed you, but this should not be done in an imperious manner. We know that
orders should be phrased as requests, with the usual full complement of pleases and
thank-yous. We know that it is unseemly to make a fuss or a scene or in any way draw
attention to oneself when eating in public. Making any sort of fuss about money is
especially distasteful, and ostentatious displays of wealth are as bad as conspicuous
meanness. People who insist on calculating in detail exactly who had what when it
comes to dividing up the bill are despised, not just because they are miserly, but be-
cause such discussions involve a prolonged breach of the money-talk taboo.
Exercise 12. Read this letter from The Daily Telegraph (use a dictionary where neces-
sary)
THE DAILY TELEGRAPH 6.8.2005, p. 23
Why tip?
SIR — Britain is becoming like America. On a recent trip, I noticed in a Kent pub that
the system required people to go to the bar to collect menus, then to go back to order.
The same applied for further orders, and at the end to settle up. Once, I saw three diners
queueing to pay. Each left a gratuity.
What on earth are these people tipping for? Gratitude for the fact that they did not
have to cook the food themselves?
Timothy Batterby
Lucerne, Switzerland
1
tip — совет
Meals 49

1. In what county1 is the pub?
2. What did the author of the letter dislike?
3. What rhetorical question does he end his letter with?
Exercise 13. Read this clipping and answer the question: ‘What may tip size depend
upon?’
DALIY EXPRESS 9.8.2012, p. 28
More recent research has shown that blonde waitresses receive larger tips than bru-
nettes, waitresses with larger breasts receive bigger tips, attractive waitresses receive
larger tips than unattractive ones, slim waitresses receive more than fat ones and tips
may also be increased by wearing make-up and hair ornaments. And all those factors
are apparently more important than food quality in determining tip size.
1
county — графство, АЕ округ
7
Unit
Shopping
(1) At a supermarket
Dialogue
(Michael, an English OAP, and Gregory, his Russian friend)
G.: I should like to buy some food.
M.: Then let’s go to Somerfield supermarket. Have you made a shopping list?
G.: Afraid not.
(At the supermarket)
G.: Shall we take a basket or a trolley?
M.: Depends on how many items you want to buy. I think a basket will do. But in future
remember: if you have made a lot of purchases, a collect by car service is available here.
G.: What do you mean?
M.: The supermarket has cars to deliver all your purchases to your place.
G.: Hopefully I’ll manage without it. Now, why did they place these clementines at the
very entrance?
M.: They are sold at half price.
G.: Why?
M.: The supermarket buys huge consignments wholesale and since clementines are per-
ishable, they have to sell part of them quickly. Otherwise they’ll go bad.
G.: I didn’t think of buying any. But at such a low price I can’t resist the temptation.
M.: How about these olives?
G.: Which do you mean, green or black ones?
M.: Whichever you fancy.
G.: Are they pitted or whole?
M.: The green ones are pitted, the black ones are not.
G.: Then I’ll take the green ones. And hopefully these grapes are seedless.
M.: So they are.
G.: If so, I’ll take them.
M.: Good. What else do you want?
G.: Cheese.
M.: There are various kinds of cheese. For instance, Stilton is the king of cheeses. It’s blue-
veined. Then there is Cheddar which is yellowish, Cheshire which is whiter than Cheddar
and more crumbly, Lancashire which is similar to Cheshire. How about this Cheddar?
G.: Is it mature, medium or mild?
M.: They have all three kinds.
G.: Which would you advise me to buy?
M.: Depends on your taste. I think mature is too piquant, mild isn’t quite cheesy enough,
and medium is just right.
G.: Then medium it is. Do they do cheese spread, cream or cottage cheese?
M.: Here is a box of Philadelphia cream cheese.
G.: Isn’t it a bit too expensive?
Shopping 51
M.: Do you know the saying ‘cheap and nasty’? What’s next?
G.: I’d have this wholemeal bread. It’s just baked.
M.: If I were you, I’d take these wholemeal baps. They are so soft.
G.: Right. And I think I’ll buy something for sweet. This box of icecream looks very ap-
petizing to me. You know when a boy, I was fond of tutty-frutty.
M.: If I were you, I would taste this trifle. But first look at the date.
G.: You mean the date after the words ‘Sell by’, ‘Use by’, ‘Display until’ or ‘Best before’? Yes,
its shelf life hasn’t run out yet.
M.: And the day it does, its price is reduced.
G.: Sorry, there is one more thing I forgot. A jar of honey.
M.: Clear or set?
G.: I prefer set honey. It can be spread on bread and butter.
M.: You know, if you have both, you can add clear to set honey and it will crystallise and
become set.
G.: That’ll be all, I suppose.
M.: Such a lot. How many more purchases would you like to make? Are you a shopaholic?
G.: Not really (smiling). But I clean forgot. I want some new potatoes and spring onions.
M.: Those would be cheaper at a greengrocer’s.
G.: OK. Where’s the Pay Point?
M.: Don’t go to that till. See the sign? It says: “Till closed. Please use other till”.
G.: How about this one? It has the sign:
Sorry
This till is
cash only.
M. It’s OK. It means they don’t accept cards. But since you were going to pay cash anyway,
go ahead.
(Cashier and Gregory)
C: That’ll be 4 pounds 89, please.
G.: Here’s 10 pounds.
C: Here’s your change and receipt. Do you have a saver card?
G.: What’s that for?
C: Saver cards entitle holders to discounts on some purchases. When
there is a special offer, a saver card deal, your discount may even
reach 50%.
G.: No, I haven’t got one. The point is that I’m a non-resident and leaving shortly.
C: Thank you very much. Have a nice day.
G.: Thank you. Have a great weekend. Bye.
C.: Good-bye.
(Michael and Gregory)
M.: When the cashier was giving you your change, I thought of a joke I heard recently.
G.: What is it? Tell me.
M.: A shop assistant asked a customer waiting for his change: “Did you hear the weather
forecast?” “No. What was it?” “No change today.”
(To be continued)
52 Unit 7
Vocabulary notes
to accept — принимать (предложение) greengrocer’s — фруктово-овощной
appetizing — аппетитный магазин
at the very entrance — у самого входа honey [hni] — мед
bap (ScE), BE syn. roll, bun — булочка clear h. — жидкий мед
basket — корзина set h. — твердый мед
blue-veined — с синими прожилками item — предмет, товар
bread jar — банка
wholemeal b., AE wholewheat b. — just baked — свежеиспеченный
зерновой хлеб, хлеб из муки грубо- nasty — зд.: скверный
го помола new potatoes — молодой картофель
cash — наличные деньги non-resident — приезжий
cashier — кассир olive [lv] — оливка, маслина
change — изменение, перемена; сдача black о. — маслина
cheese green о. — оливка
cottage с. — домашний сыр pitted о. — маслина/оливка с выну-
cream с. — сливочный сыр той косточкой
mature с. — выдержанный, острый unpitted (syn. whole) о. — маслина/
сыр оливка с косточкой
medium с. — среднеострый сыр onion — лук
mild с. — неострый сыр spring о., AE scallion о., green о. — зе-
с. spread — плавленый сырок лёный лук
cheesy — похожий на сыр pay point; syn. till, cash desk, pay desk —
clean forgot — совсем забыл касса
collect by car service — служба до- perishable — скоропортящийся
ставки покупок на автомобиле piquant [piknt] — острый
clementine, syn. tangerine — мандарин place — зд.: дом
consignment — партия товара purchase — покупка
crumbly — легко крошится to resist the temptation — устоять перед
deal — сделка соблазном, не поддаваться искушению
to deliver — доставлять to run out — истекать, заканчиваться
to display until — выставлять до (над- saver card — дисконтная карта
пись рядом с товаром) Sell by, syn. Best before — Срок годности
to do — зд.: 1) BE — иметь в продаже, shelf life — срок годности/хранения
в ассортименте, торговать чем-л. (AE shopaholic, syn. shop addict, compulsive
to carry); 2) подходить, быть доста- shopper — любитель магазинов; ср.:
точным, отвечать требованиям alcoholic — алкоголик, chocaholic — лю-
to entitle smb to smth — давать право битель шоколада, workaholic — трудого-
to go ahead — приступать к чему-л., лик, computaholic — компьютероголик
начинать действовать shortly — вскоре
to go bad — испортиться, сгнить shop assistant, syn. sales assistant; AE
grapes — виноград salesman, saleswoman, sales girl, sales
seedless g. — виноград без косточек clerk — продавец
Shopping 53
Vocabulary notes
Somerfield — сеть супермаркетов tutty-frutty [tuti fruti] —
«Сомерфильд» в Великобритании1 мороженое с фруктовым и ореховым
special offer — акция наполнителем
to spread (spread, spread) — зд.: на- weather forecast — прогноз погоды
мазывать (на хлеб) (ср. выше: cheese wholesale — оптом, оптовый; ant. re-
spread) tail — в розницу, розничный
trolley — тележка yellowish — желтоватый
Exercise 1. In the dialogue above, find the English equivalents of these Russian words,
phrases and sentences:
Действуйте; кажется мне очень аппетитной; свежеиспечённый; хватит корзины;
Желаю вам хорошо провести уик-энд; у самого входа; на вашем месте я бы; срок
годности еще не истёк; дороговат; какие вам нравятся; иначе они сгниют; на де-
серт; так много; дело в том, что; три вида; он с синими прожилками; да нет; усто-
ять перед соблазном; как раз; касса принимает только наличные деньги; что де-
шево, то гнило; я вспомнил об анекдоте; Я совсем забыл; боюсь, что нет; список
покупок.

1) How ... these olives? 2) They are sold ... half price. 3) Depends ... how many items you
want to buy. 4) I’ll buy something ... sweet. 5) Saver cards entitle holders ... discounts ...
some purchases.
Exercise 3. What synonyms of the following words and phrases did you come across2
in the dialogue above?
roll, best before, senior citizen, to carry (goods), cash desk, salesman, wholewheat
Exercise 4. Find in the dialogue above the counterparts of the following words:
cheap, mild, hard, basket, pitted, retail.

1. Why did M. and G. choose Somerfield’s?
2. Why were clementines sold at half price?
3. Why did G. decide to buy the grapes?
4. Why did M. prefer medium Cheddar?
5. Why didn’t G. accept a saver card?
6. What is funny about the answer “No change today”?
1
В настоящее время вошла в компанию Cooperative Group.
2
to come across smth — встречать что-л. (случайно), сталкиваться с чем-л.
54 Unit 7
Exercise 6. Replace1 repeated nouns with one (ones) as in the example:

M.: How about these olives?
G.: Which do you mean, green or black olives?
G.: Which do you mean, green or black ones?
1. He had been a gardener, and a good gardener.
2. We are actors, and good actors.
3. He got out his guitar, the old guitar.
4. They had another visit from him, a longer visit.
Exercise 7. Replace repeated words with so as in the example:

G.: And hopefully these grapes are seedless.
M.: Seedless they are.
M.: So they are.
1. A: It was cold, yesterday.
B: Cold it was.
2. A: It was a horse.
B: And a horse it was.
3. A: Well, they’re two different things.
B: Two different things they are.
Exercise 8. Transform the following utterances2 as in the example:

M.: So they are.
G.: If they are, I’ll take them.
G.: If so, I’ll take them.
1. Are you going to get a job? If you are, where? 2. Is football popular in your country? If
it is, how long does the season last? 3. Is that really so shocking, and if it is, why? 4. Did
you want to talk to me about something special? If you did, we can go to the bar.
Exercise 9. Read this text (use a dictionary where necessary).

This morning I went into Mr Peabody’s shop on the High Street and instead of finding
the cheerful man who always has a good word to say to everyone, I found him looking
very depressed.
He has been the grocer for our neighbourhood ever since I can remember and sup-
plied us with our provisions.
Sugar and tea, canned vegetables and fruit, household utensils like pots and pans are
among the great variety of stock that he carries on his shelves, and he has never been
short of custom.
However, he heard yesterday that a new supermarket is going to be built on the High
Street and he is afraid of losing so many customers that he may even be forced to close
down his shop. He will have to face stiff competition.
1
to replace — заменять
2
utterance — высказывание
Shopping 55
The supermarket will attract many housewives because, instead of going to the butch-
er’s, the greengrocer’s and the baker’s and buying their meat, vegetables and bread sepa-
rately at these three shops, they will be able to buy them at one shop.
Besides saving time, they will save money as well. Not only can supermarkets afford
to charge lower prices on their goods than the small shop owner, but they may even sell
certain items at a loss in order to attract custom.
The cost of this “loss leader” is easily covered out of the profits on the other goods sold at
a supermarket, but the small shop owner’s stock can never be as large as a supermarket’s and
therefore his profits are not large enough for him to afford such generosity to the housewife.
Moreover, the small shop owner can never have such a great turnover of customers
as is possible with the self-service system in a supermarket, for with his one or two as-
sistants he cannot attend to more than 2 or 3 customers at a time.
I am just as sorry as Mr Peabody to think of the day when he will no longer be serv-
ing me with his pleasant smile and when I shall have to buy my weekly provisions at the
supermarket with hundreds of other housewives.
Nor am I at all sure that I shall be saving money, for it is very probable that I shall
buy more than I need at the supermarket, where it will only be a matter of stretching out
a hand to get something that is not on my shopping list.
1. Why did Mr Peabody look very depressed1?
2. What shop did he own2?
3. What goods did he sell?
4. What was he afraid of?
5. What are the advantages of supermarkets over
small shops?
Somerfield
6. What is their disadvantage3? HIGHСLIFFE ON SEA
7. How are small retailers coping4? TEL 01425 277556 VAT# 107 4233 9
Exercise 10. Here is a receipt. Examine it to find YOUR STORE MANAGER IS NIGEL HUGHES
answers to these questions: YOU WERE SERVED TODAY BY ALAN
1. What is the name of the supermarket chain? £

BROWN BREAD 0.59
2. Who is the store manager?
**** TOTAL 0.59
3. Who was the cashier? CASH 5.00
4. Where is the store located? CHANGE 4.41
5. What is its telephone number?
TOTAL NUMBER OF ITEMS SOLD = 1
6. What was bought? 18/08/05 09:43 1654 02 1808 106
7. What was the price? CARD NUMBER: 633551 601 500516801 7
8. How much was paid?
Remember to show your card
9. How much was the change? SOMERFIELD STORES LIMITED
10. What is the saver card number? WHITCHURCH BRISTOL BS14 DTJ
1
depressed — подавленный, угнетённый
2
to own — владеть
3
disadvantage — недостаток; ср. выше: ant. advantage — преимущество
4
to cope, syn to manage — справляться, выходить из положения
56 Unit 7
Exercise 11. Examine another receipt and answer

the following questions: BEATLES FAN LTD
LIVERPOOL
1. What is the name of the shop? TEL: 0151 709 2417
2. Where is it located? VAT: 548-5481-25
3. What was the item sold? 724349162938 1
4. What was its net price1? ANTHOLOGY 4 VIDEO 12.99
NETT 11.06
5. What was the VAT [vi e ti]? VAT 1.93
6. How much did the customer pay? SUB TOTAL 12.99
7. What change did he get? CASH PAYMENT 13.00
CHANGE 0.01
8. When was the purchase made? July 17, 1999 10:35 67845# KP3
9. What was the number of the till? TILL# 3
THANK YOU FOR CALLING
PLEASE CALL AGAIN
Exercise 12. There are 9 differences between these receipts. What are they?
TEZZO TEZZO
Express Express
LIMESTONE ROAD EXPRE LIMESTONE ROAD EXPRE
How did we do? How did we do?

Visit our website and Visit our website
tell us about your shopping trip and tell us about your shopping trip
FIN* M/SEED800 £1.35 A FIN* MULTI800 £1.35 A
TOTAL £1.35 TOTAL £1.35

CASH £1.40 CASH £1.50
CHANGE DUE £0.05 CHANGE DUE £0.15
VAT RECEIPT SUMMARY VAT RECEIPT SUMMARY

Rate NET VAT Rate NET VAT
A 0% VAT £1.35 £0.00 A 0% VAT £1.35 £0.00
SIGN UP FOR CLUBCARD CLUBCARD STATEMENT

You could have earned 2
Clubcard points in this transaction CLUBCARD NUMBER 63400402206431260*
POINTS THIS VISIT 2
16/07/11 12:42 5381 001 1002 7380 INCLUDES :
DOUBLE POINTS 1
TOTAL UP TO 07/07/11 94
TOTAL INCLUDES :
GREEN CLUBCARD POINTS 3
8/07/11 6:58 5381 001 1014 1455
1
net(t) price — цена нетто
Shopping 57
Exercise 13. Read this text.

Credit Cards
A credit card is a small plastic card which is used instead of money to pay for goods and
services from shops, travel companies, petrol stations1 etc. The cost is charged2 to your
account and paid later. If the cost is taken directly3 from the user’s bank account, such
a card is known as a debit card. In fact, when people speak of credit cards, they often
mean debit cards. Both cards can be used as cash cards to obtain4 cash from cash ma-
chines5 that is machines (often placed outside a bank) from which customers can obtain
money at any time by putting in a cash card and pressing numbered keys6 to give their
PIN number7 and the amount8 of money they want to obtain.
1. What is a credit card?
2. Where does it differ from a debit card?
3. How can credit and debit cards be used to obtain cash?
4. Which do you prefer, to pay (in) cash or by card, and why?
5. Why do people use PIN numbers?
1) “I sent my little boy for two pounds of plums and you only sent a pound and a half.
Are your scales9 correct?”
“My scales are all right, madam. Have you weighed10 your little boy?”
2) A fruit dealer11 has a sign above his fruit that reads:
WATERMELONS12
Our choice 25p
Your choice 35p
3) Customer: How much are your eggs?
Storekeeper13: Ninety cents a dozen14, and sixty cents if they’re cracked15.
Customer: Well, then crack me a dozen.
1
petrol station; syn.: filling s., AE gas s., gasoline s. — автозаправочная станция
2
to charge — взимать, удерживать
3
directly — сразу
4
to obtain — получать
5
cash machine, syn.: cash dispenser, cash point, AE ATM = automatic teller machine — банкомат
6
key — клавиша
7
PIN = personal identification number (PIN number) — личный идентификационный номер, ПИН
8
amount — количество, сумма
9
scales — весы
10
to weigh — взвешивать
11
dealer — торговец
12
watermelon — арбуз
13
storekeeper — хозяин лавки
14
dozen [dzn] — дюжина
15
to crack — делать трещину, трескаться
58 Unit 7
Exercise 15. Read and translate this clipping (use a dictionary where necessary).
TELEGRAPH MONEY 25.7.2009, p. Y4
Fraud is on the cards, but you can cut your losses

The offence is up as the credit crunch bites.
Emma Wall gives tips on how not to be a victim.
CARD fraud to the tune of £610m was Fraudsters are targeting environ-
committed in Britain last year — an in- ments that are not protected by a chip
crease of 43pc in the past two years. The or PIN and people holidaying in coun-
annual British Crime Survey said there tries that have not yet implemented
were 2.8 million cases of card fraud last the technology are especially at risk.
year, with the number of card holders CNP fraud can also occur when a card
who have been victims of fraud dou- has been stolen or duplicated.
bling in that period. But what should There has also been an increase in
you do if you are one of the thousands copied card fraud. Most copied card
people who is a victim of card fraud fraud, also known as counterfeit card
every year? fraud, involves skimming, which is when
Victims of card fraud are protected your card’s magnetic strip is copied and
by the Banking Code, provided they duplicated onto a blank card.
have not acted fraudulently and with- Should you become a victim of card
out reasonable care, such as keeping fraud, Financial Fraud Action UK (FFA)
your PIN (personal identification num- advises reporting it to the financial in-
ber) in your wallet with your card. stitution concerned as soon as possible
The recession has hit credit-card as it will be responsible for undertak-
holders hard, with three-quarters of ing further investigation. There will be
all crimes involving telephone or inter- a 24-hour emergency number on your
net transactions — otherwise known bank statements so make a note of
as CNP (card not present) fraud. These this and call it as soon as you discover
types of purchases are not chip and your card has been lost, stolen or if you
PIN-protected and can often be com- suspect fraud. Where appropriate,
pleted with details ordinarily found report the case to the police as well,
on the card meaning easy pickings for and keep a record of any correspon-
thieves. dence.
Shopping 59

1) How widespread1 is card fraud in Britain?
2) How are victims of card fraud protected?
3) What card fraud cases are most common?
4) What are card fraud victims advised to do?
Exercise 16. What would you call a person who: 1) is fond of shopping, 2) works all
hours, 3) eats lots of chocolate, 4) cannot do without cheese, 5) spends a lot of money,
6) too often goes to the pub, 7) is fond of football or golf, 8) is glued to a computer,
9) reads a lot of books, 10) overuses credit cards?
Exercise 17. Compare these clippings from The Daily Telegraph and the Daily Express
dealing with2 the same fact. Whose presentation3 do you like better and why?
Five searches before shopaholic’s body

found under piles of clothing
A shopaholic pensioner’s body was Pollard said: “The interior of premises

discovered underneath a large pile of was stacked from floor to ceiling with
clothes at her home, an inquest heard general bric-a-brac. He couldn’t see
yesterday. her anywhere and got no response.”
Joan Cunnane’s bungalow in Hea- It was only when police cleared the
ton Mersey, Greater Manchester, was property using a skip that her body
so full of shopping that it took five was found in a bedroom “under a sub-
searches of the property before her stantial pile of items”. Miss Cunnane
body was found. Roy Moran, a friend was suffering from pneumonia and
of the 77-year-old spinster, visited her cancer. The coroner recorded a verdict
bungalow on Dec 29. Coroner John of death by natural causes.
1
widespread — распространён
2
dealing with — в которых говорится о
3
presentation — изложение
60 Unit 7
How shopaholic died under pile of clothes

By Chris Riches
A SHOPAHOLIC spinster was found un- ed the house three times over the next
der a pile of clothes after she collapsed week, hoping to find her at home. Final-
and died at home, an inquest heard ly police searched the house in Heaton,
yesterday. Mersey, Manchester.
Joan Cunnane’s bungalow was so full Detective Inspector Kevin Dolan
of items from her shopping sprees that said Miss Cunnane’s body was found
the 77-year-old was only discovered after “under a substantial pile of clothing
police searched the house five times. and other items”.
Her friend Roy Moran, 77, told the in- Pathologist Philip Lumb said she
quest he last saw her on Christmas Day died from bronchial pneumonia and
last year. He went to see her four days also had cancer.
later after she failed to answer her phone. Recording a verdict of death by nat-
Coroner John Pollard, reading from ural causes, the coroner said: “I suspect
Mr Moran’s statement, said: “The inte- she had probably collapsed and vari-
rior of the premises was stacked from ous items have fallen on her. There’s no
floor to ceiling with general bric-a-brac. evidence to suggest those items con-
He couldn’t see her anywhere.” He visit- tributed to her death.”
Exercise 18. Which of these 5 things did you know?
Five things you never knew about… supermarkets

WILLIAM HARTSTON
1. Around £8 million worth of shopping 4. There is no formal definition of the dif-

trolleys go missing from UK super- ference between a supermarket and
markets every year. a hypermarket but traditionally a hy-
2. The word ‘supermarket’ was first used permarket has at least 2,500 sq ft of sell-
in 1933. ing space and at least 15 checkouts.
3. The shopping trolley first arrived on 5. The first supermarket in Britain was
the aisles of a supermarket in Okla- opened in Manor Park, London, on
homa, on June 4, 1937. January 12, 1948.
Shopping 61
Exercise 19. Here are two articles dealing with the problem of queueing. What points
raised by The Daily Telegraph were overlooked1 by the Daily Express?
LINE UP
PATIENCE RUNS SHORT FOR THE BRITISH QUEUE
Queuing, along with warm beer and thing in a shop because they were fed
afternoon tea, was once a quintessen- up with queuing.
tial British trait. But it seems we are no The survey for Barclays and Barclay-
longer prepared to wait in line. card discovered that half of shoppers
Two minutes was the longest many refused to even enter a store if they
consumers were prepared to queue, saw a queue. The Internet, where most
down from five minutes six years ago, goods are bought with a click of the
a survey found. Two thirds of Britons mouse, is one of the reasons why peo-
have walked away from buying some- ple’s patience appears to be so thin.
We simply can’t wait
Two in five reach breaking point after researchers Barclays and Barclay-
queueing for just two minutes. card.
A poll of 2,000 adults found two Food and drink outlets frustrate
thirds even give up on purchases after people the most and more than half of
getting impatient. those quizzed said they refused to go
Women are willing to queue for into a supermarket if they saw a queue
12 seconds longer than men, says at the till.
1
to overlook smth — не замечать, пропускать что-л.
62 Unit 7
Exercise 20. Read the article from The Sun (use a dictionary where necessary) and
1. Who spend more time shopping, women or men?
2. How long do men and women spend at the shops daily, yearly and in a lifetime?
3. How was that found?
4. In what parts of the UK are there the most and the less enthusiastic shoppers?
THE SUN 28.7. 2005, р. 26
LASSES GO SHOPPING FOR 2 YRS

By CHARLES RAE
WOMEN spend nearly TWO YEARS of compared to chaps’ 370 days, says
their lives shopping — nearly twice as a joint poll of 21,000 people by credit
much time as men. card giant Visa and the Future Founda-
The average bloke spends just over tion.
20 minutes a day at the shops while Scotland boasts the most enthusi-
lasses enjoy 35 minutes of retail thera- astic shoppers, with women devoting
py, claims a new report. a massive 39 minutes to it a day.
Over a year, men devote only five Among men, Geordies have the
days to shopping. But girls spend greatest lust for spending cash — giv-
around nine days visiting stores. That ing up 26 minutes a day. But Welsh men
equates to 651 days in a lifetime — manage just 17 minutes.
8
63 Unit
Chapter 1 Shopping 63
Shopping
(2) Short-changing
Dialogue
Cashier: 4 pounds 19.
Customer: Here’s a fiver.
Cashier: Here’s your receipt and change. Next customer, please.
Same customer: Excuse me. I gave you 5 pounds and you have given me only 31p. This
change is 50 p short.
Cashier (after checking the receipt and the change): Quite right. Sorry about that, sir.
Here’s the 50 p.
Customer: That’s all right. Mistakes do happen, even in the best regulated families.
(To be continued)
Vocabulary notes
to check — проверять this change is 50p short — в сдаче
fiver — пятёрка (5 фунтов); ср.: не хватает 50 пенсов
tenner — десятка (10 фунтов)
es and sentences:
Извините; Ничего, с кем не бывает; В сдаче не хватает 50 пенсов; проверив чек
и сдачу; тот же покупатель.
Exercise 2. Use this table1 to make four sentences:
a fiver
the 50p
Here’s
receipt
your
change
Exercise 3. Answer these questions. In your answers, use: to deceive, to make a mis-
take (to be mistaken), to be embarrassed2, to pity3.
1. How much change was the cashier to give to the customer?
2. Why do you think the change was 50 p short?
3. How did the cashier feel when the customer asked for his 50 p?
4. How did the customer feel when the cashier apologised4?
1
table — таблица
2
to be embarrassed — смутиться
3
to pity — жалеть
4
to apologise — извиняться
64 Unit 8
Exercise 4. To make these sentences more emphatic, replace the finite verbs1 by re-
spective2 forms of do and plain stems3.
Example:
a) Quarrels never win anything anyway.
b) Quarrels never do win anything anyway.
Всё равно ссорами ничегошеньки не добьёшься.
1. You are old enough now to know that marriages fail4. 2. You really love me? 3. I send
you and Mrs. Eaton my love and sympathy5. 4. Everyone of them made good6 on his
own7. 5. I never liked the ring8 of it. 6. She sent me away twice, but I went back to her
because I loved and love her. 7. Mistakes happen, even in the best regulated families.
1
finite verb — личная форма глагола
2
respective — соответствующий
3
plain stem — неосложнённая основа
4
to fail — заканчиваться неудачей
5
sympathy — сочувствие
6
to make good — преуспевать
7
on one’s own — самостоятельно
8
ring — зд.: звучание
9
65 Unit
Chapter 1
Shopping
(3) Browsing
Dialogue
А: This pedestrianised street seems to be made for browsing and window shopping.
B: It is. Myself, I am fond of browsing. You know, as a rule shop owners don’t mind
browsers. Some even advertise:
PLEASE FEEL WELCOME

TO COME IN AND BROWSE
AT YOUR LEISURE
PLEASE
come in and look around
NO OBLIGATION
Come in and look
You are not expected
to buy anything
Shop owners know that today’s browser is tomorrow’s buyer.

А: Let’s drop into that PAST TIMES antique shop.
B: No, I’d rather see what they have on sale in this China shop.
А: Let’s. Do you fancy those china vases?
B: Beautiful. But don’t touch them. They are too fragile. Have a look at that verse near
the vases:
China is nice to look at

China is nice to hold
But if you break it
Consider it sold
(To be continued)
66 Unit 9
Vocabulary notes
to advertise — рекламировать; ср. leisure [le] — свободное время
выше: advertisement — реклама obligation — обязательство
antique [æntik] — антикварный owner — владелец
to browse [braz] — разглядывать pedestrianised street — пешеходная
товары улица, syn. pedestrian-only
china — фарфор street
to consider — считать, признавать verse — стихотворение
to expect — ожидать window shopping — разглядывание
fragile [frædal] — хрупкий витрин
es and sentences:
как правило; никаких обязательств; не возражают против захода посетителей,
разглядывающих товары; улица, кажется, создана для; люблю разглядывать
товары; разглядывайте товары, когда у вас есть время; Давайте зайдём в магазин;
Пожалуйста, заходите.
1) Let’s drop ... that shop. 2) Browse ... your leisure. 3) I am fond ... browsing. 4) I’d rather
see what they have ... sale ... this China shop. 5) China is nice to look ... .
Exercise 3. In the dialogue above, find synonyms of the following sentences and
phrases:
1. No one expects you to buy anything. 2. It is nice to look at china. 3. As for me, I am
fond of browsing. 4. It is nice to hold china.
1. What is a pedestrianised street?
2. Can you name a pedestrianised street in your city?
3. What is the difference between browsing and window shopping?
4. Why don’t shop owners mind browsers?
5. Why shouldn’t the vases be touched?
6. What if you should break one?
Exercise 5. You can see this sign near Covent Garden underground station in London.
Translate it.
Pedestrian
ZONE
No vehicles
Except for loading
Shopping 67
Vocabulary notes
to load — грузить vehicle [vikl] — колёсное без-
sign — знак, вывеска, объявление, рельсовое транспортное средство,
указатель, надпись автомашина
Exercise 6. Read and translate this verse (use a dictionary where necessary).
Rebecca’s After-thought
by Elizabeth Turner
Yesterday, Rebecca Mason,
In the parlour by herself,
Broke a handsome china basin,
Placed upon the mantel-shelf.
Quite alarmed, she thought of going

Very quietly away,
Not a single person knowing,
Of her being there that day.
But Rebecca recollected

She was taught deceit to shun;
And the moment she reflected,
Told her mother what was done;
Who commended her behavior,

Loved her better, and forgave her.

1. What did Rebecca break?
2. What was her immediate reaction?
3. Why did she change her mind?
4. What did she do?
5. How did her mother take it?
10
Unit
Shopping
(4) Marks and Sparks
Dialogue
А: There’s a signboard across the road which says, ‘Cards & Things’. Just what things are
meant?
B: Other things for birthdays, such as books and gift stationery. Shall we drop in?
А: No, I need something quite different.
B: What?
А: A pair of briefs, a T-shirt and a single-breasted suit.
B: Then Marks and Sparks will fit the bill.
А: Marks and Sparks? What’s that?
B: That’s what we sometimes call our Marks and Spencer department stores.
(To be continued)
Vocabulary notes
briefs — трусы Marks and Spencer, infml Marks and
ladies’ b. — женские трусы, syn. Sparks — сеть универмагов «Маркс
panties, knickers (BE), underwear и Спенсер» в Великобрита-
(AE) нии
mama b. — большие женские трусы signboard, syn. sign — вывеска
men’s b., syn. underpants, AE stationery — канцелярские принадлеж-
shorts — мужские трусы (ср.: BE ности
shorts — шорты) suit — костюм
card — зд.: открытка double-breasted s. — двубортный
department store — универмаг костюм
to fit the bill, syn. to suit smb’s pur- single-breasted s. — однобортный
pose — быть именно тем, что нужно костюм
gift, syn. present — подарок T-shirt — майка
Exercise 1. In the dialogue above, find the English equivalents of these Russian sen-
tences and phrases:
Зайдём?; на другой стороне улицы; Этот универмаг как раз то, что тебе нужно;
вывеска, на которой написано.
Exercise 2. Write synonyms and counterparts of the following words and phrases:
present, to go in, underpants, double-breasted suit, a pair of panties.
Shopping 69

1. What is ‘Cards and Things’?
2. What is ‘Marks and Sparks’?
3. What is a department store?
Exercise 4. Read and translate these clippings about a price cut by M & S. What details
does the Daily Mail clipping contain not to be found in the clipping from The Daily
Telegraph?
DAILY MAIL 18.7.2008, p. 28
The £24 suit from M&S

New round of price cuts hits High St
By Sean Poulter
Consumer Affairs Editor
Marks & Spencer cut the price of se- Figures from the Office of National
lected men’s suits to only £24 yesterday. Statistics show this is one of very few
Giving notice of a summer price sectors where prices are falling.
war, it also reduced some summer Marks & Spencer, which started its
dresses to £9 and T-shirts to £2. summer sale yesterday, is cutting 60
At the same time, the ‘big four’ per cent or more off fashions to try
supermarkets opened a new front in to turn around a faltering sales per-
their battle to be the cheapest on the formance that has triggered fears for
High Street. profits.
Fashion stores and supermarkets
Its cheapest man’s suit, which is
have announced a round of price
produced in the Far East, is machine
cuts to try to head off a High Street
washable and is made from polyester,
recession.
The reductions are good for shop- has been reduced from £49.50 to £24.
pers suffering the biggest squeeze on The price cut of 51.5 per cent
living standards since the 1970s, with makes it the cheapest suit the chain
food, fuel and energy costs rising and has ever sold.
banks cutting access to credit. The ‘big four’ supermarkets,
Clothing and shoe retailers in meanwhile, are feeling the heat of
particular are having a torrid time. competition from discount stores.
70 Unit 10
Not just an M&S suit, it’s a £24 M&S suit

By Richard Alleyne
MARKS & SPENCER is selling its The price cut of 51.5 per cent
cheapest ever suit — at just £24. makes it the cheapest suit the chain
The retail chain has cut the price has sold.
of the single-breasted suit from £49 Marks & Spencer, which started its
in its summer sale. sale this week, is cutting 60 per cent
Produced in the Far East, it is ma- or more off some fashion goods.
chine washable and made from poly- The chain is trying to turn around
ester. a faltering sales performance that
has triggered fears for profits.
Exercise 5. Find out from this receipt the shop’s address, when the sale was made,
what was sold and the operator initials (mens = men’s).
Shoes to Choose
Christchurch (1618)
18/22 Royal Street
Christchurch, Dorset BH23 1AY
Tel: 01202 444655
VAT REG: 372 1914 82
SALE
1618 1 118862 13/08/2009 11:40
OPERATOR: HG
MENS TRAINER
80388 090 1x 9.99 9.99 S
TOTAL ITEMS 1 9.99
Cash 10.00
Change –0.01
Scan this for Returns
16181118862
THANK YOU
FOR SHOPPING AT SHOES TO
CHOOSE
11
71 Chapter 1 Unit
Shopping
(5) A suit
Dialogue
А: Good afternoon.
B: Good afternoon. Can I help you?
А: Yes, I need a single-breasted suit.
B: Match or mix?
А: Match, please.
B: What size?
А: I have lost some weight recently, so I’m not sure.
B: See that notice there? IF IN DOUBT ABOUT YOUR SIZE PLEASE ASK TO BE
MEASURED.
А: That’s one way. Or I may try on several suits about my size until I have found one that fits.
As they say in America, “Before you buy, you can taste.” I can feel this suit is two sizes too big.
(To be continued)
Vocabulary notes
about — приблизительно mix — костюм, где пиджак и брюки
to fit — подходить по размеру разного цвета
to lose weight — похудеть, ср. выше: size — размер
ant put on weight — поправиться to taste — пробовать на вкус
match — костюм одного цвета to try on — примерять
to measure — снимать мерку
tences and phrases:
костюм, который впору; Я недавно похудел; Это — один способ; если сомневае-
тесь; Попросите, чтобы с вас сняли мерку; этот костюм на два размера больше,
чем нужно.
Exercise 2. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and an adverb.

1) If ... doubt ... your size, please ask to be measured. 2) I may try ... several suits ... my size.
Exercise 3. Read this dialogue (use a dictionary where necessary).

Mr West: I should like to see one of those ties you have in the window.
Shopkeeper: With pleasure, sir. Here they are (brings several boxes and puts them on the
counter). How would you like this one, sir? It is pure silk.
Mr West: Well, I think this one is just what I want to wear with my new suit. How much
is it?
72 Unit 11
Shopkeeper: Three pounds 50, sir.

Mr West: It’s rather expensive, but I think I’ll take it.
Shopkeeper: Thank you, sir. Anything else? We have some excellent shirts, socks, col-
lars and gloves. How about an umbrella for this rainy weather? We have a sale of men’s
umbrellas this week.
Mr West: I don’t use an umbrella. I always leave my umbrella somewhere, on the bus or
in the Underground. I am tired of buying umbrellas for other people.
Shopkeeper: What you should do is buy two umbrellas: one to leave on the bus or in the
Underground, and one to use when it starts raining.
Mr West: You are very clever but I am not interested. Where shall I pay the bill?
Shopkeeper: At the pay-desk, sir. Thank you, sir. Good afternoon.
1. What did Mr West need to wear with his suit?
2. What else did the shopkeeper offer?
3. Why did he advise Mr West to buy two umbrellas instead of one?
4. Did Mr West buy any?
Exercise 4. Use this table to make 14 sentences.
ask to be measured.
leave it out.
do check.
If
in doubt, try that hospital.
When
trust your instincts.
don’t act unless you’re certain.
consult a dictionary1.
“You know, dear, John doesn’t seem to be as well dressed as he was when you married
him.”
“That’s funny. I’m sure it’s the same suit.”
Customer: Can you alter2 this dress to fit me?

Salesman: Certainly not. That isn’t done any more. You will have to be altered to fit the
dress.
1
consult a dictionary — посмотреть (что-л.) в словаре
2
to alter — подгонять
12
73 Chapter 1 Unit
Shopping
(6) Pharmacy, Drugstore
and Chemist
Dialogue
Gregory: Mike, I need vitamin pills. Do pharmacies do them?
Michael: No, not them. Pharmacies, formerly in America and now in Britain as well, sell
medicines on prescription. So do chemists. But at a chemist’s you can usually also buy
toiletries, household goods and baby things. You might find your pills there.
G.: How about a drugstore?
M.: In America, a drugstore is a pharmacy, especially one which sells not only medicine,
but also beauty products, school supplies, small things to eat, garden products, film etc.
It used to sell simple meals too.
G.: But I recently came across a signboard ‘Drug Store’ in England. What do they do
there?
M.: Yes, they now have them in Britain as well. Highcliffe Drug Store in Dorset, for in-
stance, does Film Processing, Health Foods, Toiletries, Discount Perfumes, Cosmetics,
Household Goods, Vitamins, Aroma theraphy and Remedies.
G.: Will they have the pills I need?
M.: Very likely. It’s either there or at a chemist’s, but not at a pharmacy.
G.: Do you happen to know their shopping times?
M.: On weekdays, 9 a. m. to 5 p. m., and on Saturdays, 11 a. m. to 4 p. m.
G.: Many thanks.
Vocabulary notes
aroma — аромат, запах household goods — хозяйственные
baby things — товары для маленьких товары
детей likely — возможно, вероятно
beauty products — косметика medicine, syn. drug, remedy, AE medi-
chemist(Ɔs) — аптека cation — лекарство
drugstore — аптека, где, помимо perfume — духи
лекарств, продаётся ряд мелких pharmacy — аптека (соответствует
штучных товаров, проявляется фото- рецептурному отделу российской
плёнка аптеки)
etc = et cetera — и так далее Late Night P. — дежурная аптека
film — фотоплёнка pill — пилюля, ср.: tablet — таблетка
formerly — прежде, раньше prescription — рецепт
health foods — диетические to make up (AE to fill) a p. — выпи-
продукты сать рецепт
74 Unit 12
Vocabulary notes
а р. for smth — рецепт на что-л. school supplies — школьные принад-
by p. only — только по рецепту лежности
to obtain a medicine/a drug on shopping times, syn. opening hours —
a doctor’s p. — купить лекарство по время работы магазина
рецепту врача therapy — лечение
available without a p. — продается toiletries — туалетные принадлеж-
без рецепта ности
processing — зд.: проявка weekday — будний, рабочий день
ready-made — готовый
tences and phrases:
Будут ли у них нужные мне пилюли?; магазин открыт; продают лекарства по
рецептам; Они когда-то продавали некоторые простые блюда; Продаются ли они
в аптеках?

1) Pharmacies sell medicines ... prescription. 2) ... a chemist’s you can buy toiletries.
3) I came ... a signboard ‘Drug Store’. 4) It’s ... a chemist’s, but not ... a pharmacy.

1. What kind of medicines do pharmacies do?
2. What goods do chemist’s do?
3. What items do American drugstores carry?
4. What goods do English drug stores do?
Exercise 4. Rewrite the second sentences as in examples b:

a) She is happy. I am too.
b) She is happy. So am I.
1. He is married. I am too.
2. She’s very respectable. He is too.
3. Pharmacies sell medicines on prescription. Chemists do too.
a) She laughed. I also laughed.
b) She laughed. So did I.
4. You saw him. I also saw him.
5. I want it. He also wants it.
6. Pharmacies sell medicines on prescription. Chemists also sell medicines on prescrip-
tion.
Shopping 75
Exercise 5. Compare these receipts for the same medicine to find out what they have
in common and where they differ.
Abbot’s Pharmacy YourDrugStore

Pine Lane 62 ROYAL ROAD
Highcliffe CHRISTCHURCH, DORSET BH23 1AS
Tel. 01425 256349 01202 470022
VAT No. 222 5169 16 This is not a VAT Receipt

PURCHASE GALPHARM PARA
5037560015460 2 0 20 18 £0.32
PARACETAMOL CAP B £0.49
BALANCE DUE £0.32
TOTAL £0.49 CASH £0.40
CASH £10.00
Total number of items sold = 2
CHANGE £9.51 CHANGE £0.08
Make your life easier — ask about our CASHIER NAME: shirley
free prescription collection service 00007 T002 11:59:09 13AUG2009
RECEIPT NUMBER: 2488 STORE: 00637
Thank you for shopping VAT No: TTT947160
at Abbot’s Pharmacy
THANK YOU FOR SHOPPING
Term 1 Inv 11676 Oper 2 AT YOUR DRUGSTORE
Store 6797 Date 29/07/2010 09:04
Buy online at our website and
receive 10% off your first order!
Enter promotions code
XXX00420 at checkout
Code cannot be used in conjunction
with multiple buys (e. g. 2 for 1)
Valid until 25/07/10
13
76 Chapter 10 Unit
Bargaining at a market
Dialogue
А: How much do you want for this video cassette?
B: Five pounds.
А: Five pounds? You must be joking. It isn’t worth more than 50 p.
B: Now, the asking price is five pounds. You are offering 50 p. I’m prepared to meet you
half way. Shall we say two pounds fifty?
А: One pound fifty.
B: Two pounds twenty-five.
А: One seventy-five.
B: Two pounds. That’s the settling price.
А: A deal (the cassette and money change hands). Thanks very much.
B: Cheers. All the best. Live long and die happy.
Vocabulary notes
at a market — на рынке ant. No d. — Не пойдёт (не догово-
to bargain — торговаться, syn. to рились)
haggle over the cost of smth/about to meet smb half way — пойти кому-л.
smth/for the best price навстречу, уступить
to change hands — менять владельцев to be prepared — быть готовым
cheers — infml 1) спасибо, 2) до сви- price
дания asking p. — запрашиваемая цена
deal — зд.: договорились, ср. выше: settling p. — окончательная цена
d. — сделка to be worth smth — стоить, быть до-
syn. We’ve got a d. стойным чего-л.
tences:
Всего наилучшего; Скажем, два фунта пятьдесят пенсов; Я прошу пять фунтов;
Я готов уступить; Желаю вам долгих лет жизни; Она не стоит больше 50 пенсов;
Вы, должно быть, шутите; Кассета и деньги меняют владельцев.
1. What was the asking price?
2. How did the two men reach a compromise?
3. Were both satisfied with it?
4. How do you know that?
Bargaining at a market 77
Exercise 3. Read this text (use a dictionary where necessary).

Covent Garden Market is never the same from one day to the next; diverse lines of mer-
chandise in the dozens of varied shops are constantly changing and elegant window dis-
plays tempt the shopper into each and every shop to discover hidden treasures on the
shelves and presentations. As well as the fashionable shops and tempting eateries, the
stalls of the Apple Market are always worth a browse. If you are shopping for an unusual
gift this month, the Apple Market could be just the place.
1. What market is described?
2. What word is used for ‘goods’?
3 What do you think is an eatery?
4. What are you likely to find at the Apple Market?
Exercise 4. Read and translate this clipping (use a dictionary when necessary).
Find in it the answers to these questions:
1. What synonym of ‘bargaining’ is used?
2. What are readers advised to bargain for?
3. What discount is worth trying for when buying jewellery and electrical items?
4. What furniture and household items can be bought at a discount?
5. What threats may work when buying mobile phones?
6. Who can often get discounts?
THE MAIL ON SUNDAY 13.7.2008, p. 77
HOW TO BAG A BARGAIN

Don’t be so British... haggle
HAGGLING is not a very British thing 3. TRY haggling when buying fur-
to do, but as household finances are niture and household items, though
squeezed, more consumers are keen this is tricky in High Street stores.
to get a bargain. However, discounts may be available
1. ALWAYS haggle on car prices, for ex-display items.
particularly secondhand ones. Eight 4. MOBILE phones, broadband
out of ten consumers say they never services and insurance are other are-
accept the forecourt price. as where you can haggle, though this
2. IT IS often possible to negotiate usually works only when an existing
a discount on jewellery and electri- customer is threatening to leave to
cal items, especially if you are buying go to a competitor.
more than one. Try for at least a ten 5. STUDENTS and pensioners can
per cent discount. often get discounts. Ask if it is not ob-
vious what reductions are available.
14
78 Chapter 10 Unit
Advertising
(1) Human interest and curiosity
Dialogue
A: I know from experience that all advertising is based on three main principles: 1) at-
tracting the customers’ attention, 2) informing them that certain goods or services are
available, 3) convincing them of their high quality and low cost, thus inducing the cus-
tomers to spend their money on them.
B: I agree. To attract a customer’s attention, advertisers try to arouse his interest and
curiosity.
A: Quite right. One way to do so is to make your advertisement look like a familiar ob-
ject. I remember seeing an American ad which looked like traffic lights:
STOP
SHOP
SUPERMARKET
Another way to arouse interest is to give a prospective customer a chance to amuse him-
self. For instance, ‘SNAP, CRACKLE AND POP’ is a phrase used in advertisements for
Rice Krispies, a breakfast cereal, describing the noise it makes when milk is poured on it.
B: Resemblance to something familiar is used linguistically as well. For instance, an ad-
vert may resemble compound words and set phrases:
Hair It Is
which is a signboard at a hairdresser’s — an allusion to the phrase ‘Here it is’.

Or:
Snapshop
which resembles the word ‘snapshot’, the message being that your photo will be ready
before you could snap your fingers. And how do you like this advert of a Pizza Hut:
Love at First Bite
with ‘Bite’ used for ‘Sight’?

Advertising 79
Or:
Ready, Steady, Shop! (in Britain)
Ready, Set, Shop! (in the USA)
based on ‘Ready, steady/set, go!’ to tell people to start a race.
A: Reduplication is also often resorted to, as in this notice:
I HOUR PHOTOS
by Snappy Snaps
QUALITY SPEED SERVICE
and much more
SNAPPY SNAPS
B: A very effective device seems to be homophony. This is an advert I heard on TV:
I SCREAM, YOU SCREAM,

WE ALL SCREAM FOR DELICIOUS
ICECREAM
A: Then there are those homophonic abbreviations used in SMS text messages and on
signboards like
Shoe Repair
Keys Cut
While U Wait
where U stands for ‘you’.
B: Alliteration and partial phonetic transcription are also used, as in ‘KRISPIES’ for
‘crispies’ and in signboards like
KOST KONSCIOUS
And, of course, rhyme. For example:
YOU HAVE TRIED THE REST
NOW HAVE THE BEST
A: Let’s not forget use of polysemous words. For example, on a lorry belonging to a dairy
they wrote
Eden Vale
The cream of the country
B: Playing on the two meanings of the word ‘cream’ — a dairy product and something
best.
A: Or on the side of an icecream van:
OFTEN LICKED BUT NEVER BEATEN
80 Unit 14
B: I see. This time it’s the two meanings of the verb ‘to lick’: to move your tongue across
the surface of the icecream cone and to defeat that particular kind of icecream in a com-
petition.
A: Then there is old spelling. It never fails to attract attention. For example, this is a sign-
board I copied in Christchurch:
The Olde
Eight Bells
Shoppe
B: Interest may also be aroused through deliberate ambiguity. Once I couldn’t help laugh-
ing at this ambiguous advert:
WHY GO ELSEWHERE TO BE CHEATED
WHEN YOU CAN COME HERE
A: It’s really ambiguous. Depending on your intonation, it admits of two interpretations.
One — Why go to another place where you are sure to be cheated when you can come
here where everything is aboveboard. And the other one — Why go elsewhere to be
cheated when the cheating can be done here.
B: Another way is to write something so incomprehensible that it can only be understood
after reading the advertisement to the end. This is what I copied on a street in Boston:
Beyond Guitar Lessons

Guitar lessons with Steve Widman
go beyond the limits of typical music lessons
According to psychologists, people are more likely to spend money when they are in
high spirits. You must have noticed that in department stores you can often hear pleasant
background music.
A: In New York City, I once saw a grim-faced girl holding up an ad. An elderly man rid-
ing past on a bicycle shouted to her, “Smile!” The idea is that if an advertiser smiles at you,
you will smile back and get in the right mood for shopping.
B: I once had a similar experience also in New York City. I went to the Empire State
Building to get a bird’s eye view of N.Y. Near the ticket office a middle-aged black woman
was shouting, “Come on in! For only 4 dollars! Sexy senior citizens get in for 3!” Now,
hearing that senior citizens may be sexy is sure to make you smile, and you are more
likely to part with your 3 or 4 dollars.
A: Yes, humour is a very effective device. I remember seeing this message in a shop win-
dow in Ringwood, Dorset:
Your husband called

He said
“Go in this shop and spend
as much as you like”.
(To be continued)
Advertising 81
Vocabulary notes
abbreviation — сокращение elderly — пожилой
aboveboard — по-честному, без elsewhere — другое место
обмана exclusively — исключительно
according to smb — по чьему-л. to fail to do smth — не суметь (быть
мнению не в состоянии) сделать что-л.; не
to admit — допускать, признавать сделать чего-л. (ср. выше: to f. — за-
advertiser — рекламщик, ср. выше: канчиваться неудачей)
advertisement — реклама grim-faced — с мрачным лицом
alliteration — аллитерация (одинако- hairdresser(Ɔs) — дамская парикма-
вые буквы в начале соседних слов) херская
allusion — ссылка на что-л., аллюзия homophony [hmfni] — омофо-
ambiguous — двусмысленный ния
ambiguity — двусмысленность homophonic [hmfnc] — омо-
to amuse oneself — развлекаться фонический
to arouse — возбуждать in high spirits — в хорошем настро-
background — фон ении
to beat — бить, побеждать, превос- in the know — в курсе дела, посвя-
ходить щенный
beyond — за пределами, по другую incomprehensible — непонятный
сторону; запредельный to induce — побуждать, ср. рус.: ин-
bird’s eye view — вид с высоты пти- дукция, индуцировать
чьего полета Kost Konscious = Cost Conscious —
bite — укус, кусание, откусывание зд.: умеренные цены
to camouflage — маскировать to lick — 1) лизать; 2) побить, syn.
to cheat — обманывать to beat; 3) победить, syn. to defeat
cheating — обман lorry, AE truck — грузовик
Come on in infml — Входите, входите love at first sight — любовь с первого
competition — конкуренция взгляда
compound word — сложное слово message — сообщение; идея; смысл
cone — конус, рожок SMS text m. (SMS = Short Messaging
couldn’t help laughing — не мог удер- Service) — CMC-сообщение, разг.
жаться от смеха эсэмэска
to crackle — трещать middle-aged — средних лет
to crisp — хрустеть mood — настроение
curiosity — любопытство to part — расставаться
dairy — молочная ферма; компания partial — частичный
по производству и/или продаже мо- to perform a function — выполнять
лочных продуктов функцию
to defeat, syn. to beat — побеждать Pizza Hut, syn. pizzeria, pizza parlour,
deliberate — нарочитый, умышлен- pizza restaurant — пиццерия
ный, намеренный polysemous [plsms] — много-
device — прибор; приём значный
82 Unit 14
Vocabulary notes
to pop — лопаться с треском, взры- set phrase — устойчивое словосоче-
ваться тание
to pour [p] — лить sexy — сексуальный
prospective — потенциальный to smile back — улыбаться в ответ
Ready, steady (BE)/set (AE), go! — Hа to snap — щелкать
старт, внимание, марш! snappy — быстрый
reduplication — удвоение snap, snapshot — моментальный
repair — ремонт снимок
to resemble, syn. to be/to look + like — to stand for smth — означать что-л.
напоминать, быть похожим surface — поверхность
resemblance — сходство ticket office — билетная касса
to resort to smth — прибегать tongue — язык
к чему-л. (traffic) lights — светофор
rhyme — рифма transcription — транскрипция
to scream for smth — кричать, требуя vale (poet); syn. valley — долина
чего-л. van — микроавтобус
to serve — служить while u wait = while you wait — в при-
сутствии заказчика
es and sentences:
люди охотнее тратят деньги; для тех, кто в курсе дела; я не мог удержаться от
смеха; девушка с мрачным лицом; женщина средних лет; возбуждать интерес
и любопытство; более вероятно, что вы расстанетесь со своими деньгами; они
в хорошем настроении; вы улыбнётесь в ответ; не успеете и глазом моргнуть; Вы,
должно быть, заметили; взглянуть на Нью-Йорк с высоты птичьего полета; где вас
наверняка обманут; выполняют совершенно иную функцию; служить средством
рекламы; наверняка заставит вас улыбнуться; давайте, заходите!; любовь с первого
взгляда; проезжавший мимо на велосипеде; знакомый предмет; кричать, требуя
вкусного мороженого; она допускает два толкования; в присутствии заказчика.
Exercise 2. Supply synonyms of the following:
to be like, pizzeria, psychologists think, truck, valley.
1) If an advertiser smiles ... you, you will smile ... . 2) You will get ... the right mood ...
shopping. 3) reading the advertisement ... the end; 4) an allusion ... the phrase; 5) love ...
first sight; 6) a grim-faced girl holding ... an ad; 7) Resemblance ... something familiar is
used linguistically as well. 8) Reduplication is also resorted .... 9) an elderly man riding
... ... a bicycle; 10) ‘To lick’ is to move your tongue ... the surface of the icecream cone.
11) to get a bird’s eye view ... New York; 12) We all scream ... delicious icecream. 13) It
is a phrase used ... advertisements ... Rice Krispies. 14) It admits ... two interpretations.
Advertising 83

1. What ways to arouse human interest and curiosity are used in advertising?
2. What’s the difference between a hairdresser’s and a barber’s?
3. How did the word ‘snapshot’ originate1?
4. Do you believe in love at first sight?
5. Do you use SMS messages?
6. How are polysemous words used in advertising?
7. How can a future customer be put in the right mood for spending money?
Exercise 5. Shorten these phrases as in the example:
a) a girl with a grim face
b) a grim-faced girl
1) a man with a long nose; 2) a woman with a kind heart; 3) a person with a cruel2 heart;
4) a boy with long legs; 5) a child with blue eyes; 6) a girl with black hair.
1
to originate — возникать, происходить (от/из чего-л.)
2
cruel — жестокое
15
Unit
Advertising
(2) High quality
Dialogue
A: This choc-ice-on-stick makes my mouth water.
B: Speaking of icecream reminds me of an advert I saw on the side of an icecream van.
I mentioned it last time we spoke. Remember?
DREAM ICECREAM
YOU HAVE TRIED THE REST
NOW HAVE THE BEST
A: Superlatives in advertising are pretty common, as in
DAILY EXPRESS
The World’s Greatest Newspaper
THE DAILY TELEGRAPH

Britain’s best-selling quality daily
or take this signboard in London:
The world’s finest
SPORTS
STORE
Superlatives can be hinted at, as in this CNN ad:
Good, better, Bank XXX

Anyone will associate ‘Bank XXX’ with ‘best’.
If an adjective is very expressive, it can attract potential customers even when it is used
in the positive form:
Every year, you pick up 40 million unputdownable books from us.
Love books. Think.
ABCStore
B: Now, can you guess what was advertised on a hoarding I once saw on my way to Windsor:
If your assistant reads The Economist
don’t play too much golf
A: The advert sure was invented by the publishers of The Economist.
B: Obviously. The idea was to promote the sales of The Economist. Prospective
subscribers or buyers were made to believe that after reading The Economist the
assistant would get so smart that he would be able to fill his boss’s shoes.
Advertising 85
A: And, of course, now that we are speaking of quality, I can’t help mentioning an advert
of a cake. I heard on TV: ‘This cake will be flying off the shelves’. In other words, it will be
the top seller.
(To be continued)
Vocabulary notes
choc-ice-on-stick = choc(olate) + smart — умный, толковый, сообрази-
ice(cream) + on stick — эскимо (шо- тельный
коладное мороженое на палочке) subscriber — подписчик
to fill smb’s shoes — занять чьё-л. super infml — великолепный
место superlative — превосходная степень
to hint at smth — намекать на что-л. сравнения
hoarding [hd] — рекламный щит top seller, syn. best seller — пользую-
merchandise [mt
ndaz] — товар щийся наибольшим спросом
pet shop — магазин товаров для до- unputdownable book — книга, от
машних животных которой невозможно оторваться
to promote — способствовать, содей- will be flying off the shelves — будет
ствовать, рекламировать нарасхват
quality — качество, качественный
tences and phrases:
реклама наверняка была придумана издателями; Разговор о мороженом напо-
минает мне; Потенциальных подписчиков и покупателей заставили поверить;
сможет занять место своего босса; поумнеет настолько, что; способствовать
продаже «Экономиста».

1. Who invented the advert about reading The Economist?
2. What was the idea?
3. What was the boss advised not to do?
4. What could happen if the boss did play 1 too much golf ?
Exercise 3. Translate the following adverts:

1. Delicious Burgers
2. Shoecare2. Value is the Keynote3.
3. QUALITY SHOE REPAIRS
MADE TO LAST4
1
did play — всё же играл бы
2
shoecare — уход за обувью
3
keynote — главное
4
to last — зд. надолго
86 Unit 15
4. ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL

ALL CARS ARE NOT
5. IF YOU CAN MAKE IT THROUGH1 THIS STORE2 WITHOUT A PURCHASE
WE’LL REFUND3 THE DIFFERENCE
6. WE ARE G&T’s4
BE PREPARED!!!
7. WARNING: THIS STORE CAN SERIOUSLY DAMAGE YOUR SELF-CONTROL5
8. thankyou
for shopping at G&T’s
the house of temptation
9. THREE COOKS
we bake it better
10. MASTERCARE
we make it work
(an advert on the side of a pickup truck6 owned
by a company doing repairs of radio and TV)
11. CADBURY’s
The Chocolate, the taste
(an advert on the side of a trailer7)
12. Start your day with Nescafe Coffee at its best
13. MONEY BACK SATISFACTION GUARANTEE8
14. Money back if not completely satisfied
15. BUT YOU ARE WORTH IT (often used at the end of advertisements of expen-
sive beauty products)
16. The dignity9 of business demands dignified10 dress.
Exercise 4. How do you interpret this American joke?

“Why is divorce so expensive?”
“Because it is worth it.”
Exercise 5. Read and translate this text (use a dictionary where necessary).
If you were to prepare a script for a 30-second radio advertisement you have to decide:
Who you want to appeal to?
1
to make it through — пробраться через
2
store, syn. warehouse — большой магазин; магазин-склад, где товары не выставлены на
прилавках, а находятся на полках, в таре и т. д., АЕ магазин
3
to refund — возвращать деньги назад, ср. выше: refund — возврат денег
4
G&T’s — название магазина (по инициалам владельцев)
5
self-control — самообладание
6
pickup truck — пикап
7
trailer — прицеп
8
Money back satisfaction guarantee = If not satisfied, your money will be refunded
9
dignity — достоинство
10
dignified — презентабельный, достойный
Advertising 87
Should it be serious or humorous?

And what about the language — formal or informal? Long complex sentences or
short simple sentences?
As it will be heard on radio (not seen on TV), will certain sound effects be useful? If so, what?
Will your speakers be men or women, or both? Young or old?
And should you specify any special English accents — American, Australian etc?
How would you answer the above questions?
Exercise 6. Here are some questions with superlatives. How would you answer them?
1. Which city in the world would take you the longest to cross?
as far as Midway Island, 1,149 miles west, and Palmyra, 960 miles south.
Pacific Ocean4. The town itself is on the island of Oahu, but its administration5 reaches
Honolulu! Its boundaries1 extend2 over 540,000 square3 miles, most of which is the
2. What is the largest state east of the Mississippi?

Georgia, which has an area6 of 58,876 square miles.
3. Which town has the highest altitude7 in the world?

14,000 feet above sea level.
Cerro de Pasco, in Peru. This silver-mining8 town is in the Andes Mountains, about
4. Which is the oldest dwelling-house9 in Britain?

much later, in 1543.
The Fighting Cocks10 Inn which was built in the year 800. The inn itself was opened
5. Which is the oldest city in England?
Chester.
6. Which is the highest mountain on the British Isles?
Ben Nevis, in Scotland.
7. Which is the narrowest street in Britain?
dow with your neighbour across the street.
Nelson Street in King’s Lynn, near Norfolk. Here you can shake hands through the win-
1
boundary — граница
2
to extend — простираться
3
square — квадрат(ный)
4
Pacific Ocean — Тихий океан
5
administration — управление
6
area — площадь
7
altitude — высота
8
silver-mining — добыча серебра
9
dwelling-house — жилой дом
10
cock — петух
The Egyptian University of Azhar. It was established as an academy in 989, and such sub-
jects as mathematics, astronomy, medicine and geography were taught there at that time.
10. Which is the oldest university in the world?
The oldest watch is one made of iron by P. Hell in Nürnberg, Germany, 1504. Now the
watch is in the Memorial Hall, Philadelphia, USA.
9. Which is the oldest watch?
It is in Salisbury Cathedral, England. It dates from at least 1386.
8. Which is the oldest working clock in the world?
Unit 15 88
16
89 Chapter 1 Unit
Advertising
(3) Low prices
Dialogue
A: Some shops specialize in cheap items. There is one in London’s Regent Street where
any item is 20p.
B: There are plenty of such shops selling things at bargain prices in all English-speaking
countries. They usually have signboards like ‘Cost Cutter’ (costcutter) (Dublin), ‘Pound-
saver’ (Edinburgh), ‘Masterpound’ (Christchurch), ‘Price Low’s Discount & Dollar Store’,
‘Dollar & Bargain’, ‘Bargain Buys’ (Ireland), ‘Bargain Store’, ‘Bargain Shop’, ‘Kost Kon-
scious’ (Edinburgh), ‘Enjoy Our Prices’ (San Francisco), ‘Thrift Store’ (Los Angeles),
‘Thrift Shop’ (New York), ‘Poor Man’s Shop’ (Montreal), ‘Supercent’ (Miami), ‘Costsaver’
(London), Poundsaver, Kwiksave (BBC).
Receipts often end in something like
THANKYOU
FOR YOUR CUSTOM
LOOK OUT FOR OUR GREAT BARGAINS
and that is typical not only of shops but of all kind of private notices as well. For example:
Pianoforte tuition
Most reasonable fees
Phone: 01222 444335 for details
A: Sometimes it is cheap in the advertisement only. Once the customer is there and they
feel he does not have time to look for better terms, they charge him the usual price. I once
got caught that way myself. In a New York paper the ad was ‘Cheap Air Tickets’. But it
turned out they were not cheaper than in other places.
B: And on buses and coaches too, they try to tempt passengers with low fares. Consider
this advert on the back of a bus ticket:
WHY PAY MORE THAN YOU NEED?

PICK UP OUR CHEAP TRAVEL SUPER GUIDE
TO FIND OUT IF WE HAVE A BARGAIN TICKET
TO SUIT YOU
A: Did you notice that they try not to miss a chance to say ‘only’? For instance:
ITEMS FROM ONLY £5.00!!
оr
WATCHES FROM £l.00 ONLY

90 Unit 16
That one I picked up in London’s Petticoat Lane flea market along with three more:
BEST FOR LESS DRESS FOR LESS
WEST–END SHIRTS
EAST–END PRICES
B: You can see similar adverts on the sides of London buses:
MORE CAR FOR LESS MONEY
A: They are used in America too. For example, an ad for travel:
MORE ASIA for LESS

San Francisco Chronicle 2.3.2006. P. E2
Or consider this advert by an optician in Dorset:
The
eye sight
Optical manufacturers
Bring us your prescription
and we will produce your spectacles at
REALISTIC PRICES
B: Sometimes instead of speaking outright of low prices they prefer to speak of reduc-
tions like
Double cut days
Discount Shoes
Many items further reduced
Once I bought a pair of shoes in Christchurch at a price reduced because it happened to
be Monday.
A: Their favourite trick is to contrast the present price with the old one. For example:
Down in price
Now £2.99
Was £3.99
Or the other way round:
was £5.10
now £3.50
B: Yet another way is offering a discount for a large purchase as in
Granulated
Cane Sugar
1 kg 59p
3 for £1.68 (save 9p)
Advertising 91
Buy one
FREE ONE RING DOUGHNUT
or get
when you buy five
one free
A: In a restaurant in Windsor they have a bonus:
Kids Eat Free
B: To fight competition, a warehouse in Highcliffe had for a few years a signboard WE

ARE CHEAPER.
Not uncommon are adverts like
PIANOS
ENJOY WITHOUT
TO SUIT KNOCKDOWN WE BEAT HALF PRICE
PAYING THROUGH
ALL GRADES PRICES ANY UK PRICE HOW NICE
THE NOSE
AND POCKETS
PRICE SMASH PRICE CRASH 100s of prices shattered! PRICE CUTS
Sometimes the competitor is named. For example:
Or even more directly:
WHY SHOP AT ASСA,

WHEN IT IS CHEAPER WITH CLUBCARD AT STEZZO?
DAILY EXPRESS 10p CHEAPER

THAN THE DAILY MAIL AND TEN TIMES BETTER.
To stir up buying fever, a time limit is set for the discount. For example:
92 Unit 16
A: Pretty common is feigning madness as in
Midsummer Madness
1/2 price reduction
or
Crazy Ron’s
B: It’s a gimmick to pretend that he sells things at ludicrously low prices because he is
not all there.
A: As for low prices in summer, I remember seeing this advert in the Daily Express and
the Daily Mail:
Summer TIME
and the saving is
EASY
B: An allusion to ‘Summertime and the living is easy’ from George Gershwin’s opera
‘Porgy and Bess’.
A: Yes, the implication is that due to the summer heat wave salespeople are off their heads
and are selling goods at ridiculously low prices. So seize the opportunity and buy before
they have come to their senses. Sometimes a mere mention of summer is enough to do
the trick:
Summer price crunch
B: Quite right. Another tactic is to offer delayed payment: adverts like
buy now, pay later
nothing to pay for up to
12 months
In other words, selling things on credit.
(To be continued)
Vocabulary notes
allusion — аллюзия, ссылка на что-л. common — частый, распространённый,
along with — вместе с ant. uncommon — редкий
bargain n — дешёвая покупка; ср. competitor — конкурент
выше: to bargain — торговаться crunch — спад, кризис
b. a — дешёвый custom — зд.: покупки, ср. выше: cus-
bonus — бонус, премия tomer — покупатель, клиент
cane — тростник to delay — отсрочить
Clubcard — дисконтная карта to do the trick — сработать, дать
coach — междугородный автобус желаемый результат
to come to one’s senses — опомниться, doughnut [dnt], AE donut
прийти в себя [dnt] — пончик
Advertising 93
Vocabulary notes
the East End — Ист-Энд (восточная to pay through the nose — платить чрез-
часть Лондона с небогатым мерно высокую цену
населением), ср. AE: the East Side — pretty — зд.: довольно, весьма
восточная часть Нью-Йорка price — цена
fare — плата за проезд bargain p. — низкая цена
fee — плата, гонорар knockdown p. — сниженная цена
to feign [fen] — притворяться, to shatter/to smash/to slash prices
симулировать infml — резко снижать цены; ср.: to
flea — блоха cut/to lower prices — снижать цены
free — бесплатный; бесплатно
to set a time limit — установить
gimmick infml — трюк
предельный срок
granulated sugar — сахарный песок
spec = spectacles, syn. glasses — очки
implication — то, что
подразумевается to stir up buying fever — вызвать
to look out for smth — высматривать, ажиотажный спрос
выискивать что-л. to suit all grades and pockets — всех
ludicrously, syn. ridiculously — типов по доступным ценам
смехотворно terms — условия (договора, сделки)
manufacturer — изготовитель, the other way round — наоборот
производитель thrift — экономный; дешёвый
a mere mention — одно лишь thriftshop, thriftstore —
упоминание американский магазин, продающий
mid-summer — в середине лета в благотворительных целях товары,
not all there — «не все дома» бывшие в употреблении (обычно
to be off one’s head — рехнуться одеждy и хозяйственные товары)
on credit — в кредит tuition — обучение
opportunity — удачная возможность, to turn out — оказываться
шанс warehouse — магазин-склад
to seize the o. — воспользоваться the West End — Уэст-Энд — западная
возможностью (аристократическая) часть Лондона,
optician — оптик ср. AE: the West Side — западная часть
outright — прямо Нью-Йорка
tences and phrases:
Или наоборот; цена снижена; Оказалось, что они не дешевле, чем в других местах;
смешные цены; У него не все дома; Как только клиент там; продажа в кредит; бло-
шиный рынок; отсроченная оплата; Покупайте, пока они не пришли в себя; Есть
множество таких магазинов; весьма умеренная плата; Не упускайте шанс; лиши-
лись рассудка; Подробности по телефону... ; для борьбы с конкуренцией; еще один
способ; Следите за нашими объявлениями о дешёвых распродажах; Я сам однаж-
ды так попался; вместе с двумя другими; нередко встречается реклама; разного
94 Unit 16
рода частные объявления; Довольно распространена симуляция сумасшествия;

Наши цены ниже любых цен в Соединённом Королевстве; Они стремятся не упу-
стить случая сказать «только».
1) Salespeople are ... their heads. 2) They try to tempt passengers … low fares. 3) That is
typical … shops; 4) Some shops specialize ... cheap items. 5) He does not have time to
look … better terms. 6) … other words, selling things … credit. 7) There are shops selling
things ... bargain prices. 8) Nothing to pay ... ... ... 12 months.
1. Are prices always as low as advertised?
2. What word is often used in advertisements?
3. Which prices are higher, West-End or East-End ones?
4. Which shirts are higher quality, West-End or East-End ones?
5. What is the equivalent of low prices?
6. What prices are sometimes contrasted in advertisements?
7. Which is cheaper, to buy things as part of a large purchase or of a small one?
8. What is done to fight competition?
9. Why do shop owners sometimes pretend to be crazy?
10. What is delayed payment?
Exercise 4. Turn these commands into questions as in the examples:
a) Pay more than you need.
b) Why pay more than you need?
Зачем платить больше, чем нужно?
1. Stop her. 2. Fight it. 3. Wait. 4. Worry about what she might think.
a) Go north.
b) Why not go north?
Почему бы не поехать на север?
5. Go east this year. 6. Save yourself the trouble by getting your flat and furniture through
the same firm. 7. Go back to your place.
Exercise 5. Read and translate the excerpt from the article from The Sun. Find there
the answers to these questions:
1. What restaurant sells cheap food?
2. Who ordered it?
3. What was ordered?
4. At what price?
5. Where was it eaten?
6. With whom?
7. Why?
8. Why might his officers not like it?
Advertising 95
THE SUN 24.8.2005, p. 19
Buy one, one gets one free
Harry grabs McDonald’s deal

HUNGRY Prince Harry snapped up Customer Ollie Wace, 12: “He was sit-
a bargain yesterday by popping into ting with friends eating a chicken burg-
McDonald’s for a money-spinning “buy er. He had a couple of them so he must
one get one free” meal. have been hungry.” McDonald’s man-
He opted for two chicken burgers at a cut- ager Tom Moore, 23, said: “He ordered
price £1.99 and a strawberry milkshake a buy one get one free chicken sand-
costing 92p... and scoffed the lot himself. wich, which I thought was a bit cheap-
Harry, training at Sandhurst military skate for Royalty.” His junk food meal
academy, dropped into the busy Mc- might not please his Sandhurst superi-
Donald’s in Plymstock, Devon, with six ors — Harry has struggled with some of
pals and bodyguards. his training, because of lack of fitness.
Exercise 6. Read the text of the above voucher and answer these questions:
1. What is advertised?
2. What shows that the food advertised is worth buying?
3. How long is the voucher valid?
4. Where is the restaurant situated?
17
96 Unit 10 Unit
Advertising
(4) Sales
Dialogue
A: Low prices are not necessarily a result of competition.
B: I agree. Things are sometimes sold cheaply for an entirely different reason. For in-
stance, when a shop is closing down for good.
A: Oh, yes. In London, signs say CLEARANCE SALE, whereas in Canada I came across
signs like RELOCATION SALE and CLEARANCE OUTLET/UP TO 80% OFF.
B: In New York, I remember reading in a Woolworth’s shop window:
DRASTIC SALE
20—70% OFF
ENTIRE STORE ON SALE
GOING OUT OF BUSINESS
EVERY ITEM MUST BE SOLD
PRICES SLASHED
TOTAL LIQUIDATION CLOSING DOWN SALE
A: In Highcliffe, Dorset, the site where they sold used cars was to be cleared for housing
construction. Next to the price on all cars there appeared signs
ONE OFF
ENTIRE STOCK
CLEARANCE
B: What was meant by ONE OFF?

A: Meaning that all cars are on sale at a price one thousand pounds less than the one
shown on their windscreen.
By the way, clearance sales are not confined to shops. There is also such a thing as House
Clearance, when everything in the house is sold because the owner is moving house,
say, when the house is for sale1 or is about to be demolished. An alternative to House
Clearance Sale is selling things via House Clearance Service (or a House Clearance Firm)
which buys and sells furniture, pictures etc.
B: On the other hand, there are GRAND OPENING SALES to mark the opening of new
shops.
1
In such cases, the sequence (последовательность) of signs is as follows: FOR SALE (продает-
ся) — UNDER OFFER (есть желающие купить) — SALE AGREED (соглашение достигнуто) —
SOLD (продан). Compare: ON SALE (дешево продается при распродаже). Sometimes the seller
specifies which part of the house is for sale and on what terms, e. g. FOR SALE (ground floor) (пер-
вый этаж), FOR SALE (penthouse) (мансарда), FOR SALE (informal tender) (цена договорная,
торг уместен).
Advertising 97
A: Apart from CLOSING DOWN and OPENING SALES, there are seasonal sales, for in-
stance, SUMMER SALE (summer selling spree) or CHRISTMAS SALE, when prices are
cut. Sometimes they halve. I, for one, often wait until Christmas to make my purchases.
Lots of foreigners come to Britain for Christmas sales.
B: And sometimes no excuse for the sale is given and the only reason for a sale seems to
be a desire for a quick buck, as in
SUPERSALE
or in
MEGASALE
UP TO 50% OFF
EVERY BED
HALF PRICE
SUMMER SALE
A: Speaking of low prices, we should also mention ‘jumble sales’ in Britain and ‘rummage
sales’ in the US and Canada. People bring there all sort of things they do not need: old
clothes, books, bric-a-brac, etc. to be sold for charity. And then there are charity shops
or thrift shops/stores which sell second-hand merchandise, esp. clothing, with proceeds
often going to charity, with notices like
PLEASE THINK TWICE BEFORE YOU SHOPLIFT

YOU WILL BE STEALING FROM THE SICK
B: We forgot one more kind of sale — the British ‘car boot sale’ (‘car boot’ or ‘boot sale’,
for short). People bring there in the boot of their car mostly second-hand goods. Those
are either their own or what they buy at auctions or from neighbours. Sometimes quite
good things can be bought there for a song. I once chanced to buy at a car boot sale
a portable typewriter in good condition for only £3.50, which is dirt-cheap. By analogy
with ‘we went shopping’ people say, ‘We went car-booting this morning’.
A: Let’s not forget the British and American ‘garage sale’, that is sale by the garage owner
of his possessions. He usually sits at the entrance to his garage, the things he sells spread
before him on the ground or on an improvised counter. People often have a garage sale
before they move house (‘garage and house moving sale’).
B: And finally, there is the Canadian ‘street sale’ when things are sold by people living in
the same street and the American and Canadian ‘yard sale’ of used household items and
other possessions, held in the front yard of a private house.
(To be continued)
98 Unit 17
Vocabulary notes
auction — аукцион sale — распродажа
bric-a-brac — безделушка car boot (s.), syn. bootsale — рынок
buck infml — доллар, «бакс» товаров, доставленных в багажниках
to buy smth for a song — купить автомашин
что-л. за бесценок to car-boot = to shop at a car-boot sale
by analogy with — по аналогии с clearance s., syn. clearance outlet —
car boot, AE trunk — багажник полная распродажа, распродажа-лик-
to chance — сделать что-л. случайно видация
charity — благотворительность drastic s. — активная распродажа
to clear — очищать garage s. — распродажа из гаража
to confine — ограничивать
jumble s. BE — благотворительная
counter — прилавок
распродажа
dirt-cheap — дешевле не бывает
entire — весь megasale — гигантская распродажа
entirely — совсем; полностью relocation s. — распродажа в связи
for good — навсегда с переездом в другое помещение
to give an excuse — приводить что-л. rummage s. AE, CanE — благотвори-
в оправдание тельная распродажа
to go out of business — ликвидиро- seasonal s. — сезонная распродажа
вать предприятие supersale — сверхраспродажа
to halve — уменьшать(ся) наполо- s. now on — идет распродажа
вину yard s. — распродажа во дворе
the house is about to be demolished — second-hand — подержанный, бывший
дом собираются сносить в употреблении
household items — предметы домаш- to shoplift — воровать выставленные
него обихода товары (часто в универсамах)
housing construction — жилищное the sick — больные люди
строительство site — место, участок (напр. застройки)
I, for one ..., syn. As for me, I ...; Myself, to specify — уточнять
I ... — Что касается меня, то я ... spree — транжирство
improvised — импровизированный; to steal (stole, stolen) — воровать, красть
временный stock — запас; товар, имеющийся на
to mark — отмечать, маркировать складе магазина
to move house — переезжать на новое
terms — условия
место жительства
thrift — экономия
80% off — снижение цен на 80%
used car — подержанная автомашина
outlet, syn. market — место сбыта,
рынок via [va] — через
portable typewriter — портативная windscreen — переднее/ветровое стек-
пишущая машинка ло, АЕ windshield
possessions — собственность, имуще- Woolworth’s (infml Woolie’s) — амери-
ство; чьи-л. вещи кано-британская торговая компания
proceeds — выручка от продаж, syn. «Вулуорт»
takings yard — двор
Advertising 99
es and sentences:
Я встречал надписи; витрина магазина; полная распродажа; Дом продаётся; Дом
собираются снести; делать покупки; в хорошем состоянии; Что касается меня, то
я...; с другой стороны; быстрый заработок; в то время как в Канаде; купить что-л.
за смешную цену; цены резко снижены; Подумайте как следует, прежде чем...;
Магазин закрывается навсегда; в благотворительных целях.
Exercise 2. Supply synonyms of these words and phrases:

windshield, for ever, to cut prices, merchandise, trunk, to be going to do smth, clearance
outlet.

1. Old clothes are sold ... charity. 2. The house is ... sale. 3. The shop is closing ... ... good.
4. The company is going ... ... business. 5. Clearance sales are not confined ... shops.
6. Things are sometimes sold cheaply ... an entirely different reason. 7. … analogy … ‘go
shopping’.

1. What are the reasons for sales? CAR BOOT
2. What is House Clearance?
3. What seasonal sales are there?
SALE
4. What is a jumble sale? Saturday, 13th August
5. What is a car boot sale?
6. What is a garage sale? 2.00pm — 4.30pm
In the grounds of
Pennington Infant School
Refreshments Cars £5
Entry 20p
In aid of Pennington
Village Pre-School
Exercise 5. Here is an advert of a car boot sale. Find there the answers to these ques-
tions:
1. When and where is the car boot sale to take place?
2. What are the charges for driving in and for entry?
3. How is the money to be used?
Exercise 6. Read, translate the excerpt from the article from The Sun (use a dictionary
where necessary) and answer these questions:
100 Unit 17
1. What misprint1 did you notice in the headline2?

2. How much money were Britons expected to spend at car boot sales in 2005?
3. How much do average3 customers spend each trip?
4. How much does the average seller make a time?
THE SUN 25.8.2005, p. 22
£1.6bn in the boot
BRITONS will spend £1.46 BILLI0N at car boot sales this year, according to a survey
out today.
Insurance firm Prudential says 29 million of us have been to the amateur markets —
and two million go more than once a month. The average punter spends £9.61 each
trip, while sellers make £75 a time.
Exercise 7. Read, translate these adverts (use a dictionary where necessary) and an-
swer these questions:
1. What are the two shorter synonyms of ‘car boot sale’?
2. Where and when is the jumble sale to be held?
3. Is the garage owner going to move house?
4. How do you know?
5. How do you interpret ‘retirement sale’?
GARAGE SALE JUMBLE SALE

SAT 12 JULY Saturday 12th July
12.00 noon 11.00am
House Clearance
34th Bournemouth
Including
Scouts
Toys, books and games
St Francis of Assisi
6 Druids Close, Charminster Road
West Parley
1
misprint — опечатка
2
headline — заголовок
3
average — средний
Advertising 101
PARLEY MATCHAMS PARK

CAR BOOT BOOTSALE
Opp. Bournemouth OPEN EVERY
Airport
WEDNESDAY
Every Sunday at
6.30am start. Matchams
Cars £5, Vans from £6, 6am-1pm
Trailers £1.
No caterers reqd. Tel:
No traders. 07174 138010
Public adm. 20p.
Tel 07854 192516
Rug & Carpets & C

RETIREMENT SALE
Mr. Jacob Debenham is retiring after 27 years of serving
his loyal customers in Dorset.
New & Antique
Big & Small
Carpets & Rugs In Stock
Lowest Price In Town
TOTAL LIQUIDATION
All Sizes • Colours • Prices
119 Queen Anne Street 01202697317
Hours: 12am to 7pm — 7 days a week
IT’S TIME TO CLOSE OUR DOORS FOREVER
Exercise 8. Translate these dialogues (see Unit 4, Exercise 7):

1. “If this is a carboot sale, where are the cars?”
“No, it is rather more jumblish.”
2. “I have a cold: a runny nose, headache and ache around the neck and shoulders.”
“With all those aches, it is no ordinary cold. It must be something fluish.” (flu —
грипп)
18
102 Chapter 10 Unit
Advertising
(5) Classifieds
Dialogue
A: As far as I can see, classifieds in English newspapers have a lot in common with those
in Russian papers.
B: Such as what?
A: Well, take your commercials. For instance:
NEW & SECOND-HAND

computers in stock,
plus new built to spec.
Also
upgrades & all PC faults —
same day service.
Tel: 792377/735511
Commercials like that are very common in our classifieds too, as well as SITUATIONS
VACANT adverts.
B: And where do we differ?
A: Among your classifieds there are far more personal items such as wedding congratula-
tions, golden weddings, engagements, forthcoming marriage announcements, birthdays,
birth congratulations, (special) thanks, deaths, in memoriam, etc.
B: Do Russian papers carry classifieds like our ‘Two’s Company’?
A: What do you mean?
B: Well, adverts like
FAT BALDING
ugly, 30 year old
Bournemouth guy WLTM slim, sexy
attractive babe to spoil him with
affection and kindness.
Call me
on 0805 400 2715
and enter VBN 42561.
A: Oh, yes. We do have adverts like that, may be less humorous. But tell me, what is
meant by WLTM and by VBN?
Advertising 103
B: WLTM is the short for ‘would like to meet’. And VBN stands for ‘voice box number’.
Or:
RED-HEADED
Sagittarian lady, no baggage, no ties,
very self-sufficient, looking for honest
male soulmate, 45—50 with VGSOH, for
friendship and to share good times.
Call me
on 0806 400 2712
Here VGSOH means ‘very good state of health’.

Or:
ATTRACTIVE,
affectionate and loving n/s male,
40, 6 ft. WLTM slim and attractive n/s
girl, 32—38 for LTR in the Poole area.
Call me on
0806 400 2716
where n/s stands for ‘non-smoker’ and LTR — for ‘long-term relationship’.
Or:
SINCERE
male, 20, 5’8”. OHAC and GSH, n/s,
WLTM female who likes pubbing, club-
bing & keeping fit for friendship, fun
and maybe more in future. Genuine
replies only please.
Call me on
0806 3002 448
where ‘pubbing’ and ‘clubbing’ mean going to pubs and clubs, ‘keeping fit’ means physi-
cal exercises, OHAC stands for ‘own house and car’ and GSH — for ‘good state of health’.
A: But isn’t it dangerous to meet with a perfect stranger? Who can tell what he is really
up to?
104 Unit 18
B: It’s certainly a risky thing to do. That is why all such adverts are followed by a warn-
ing from the newspaper (like the one below). Or one can get acquainted via a mating
agency.
FOR YOUR SAFETY

• Meet in a public place with other people around.
• Make your own way to and from the meeting.
• Always tell someone where you are going.
• Never give your home address until you are com-
pletely confident the person is genuine.
A: Classfields must be pretty expensive.

B: That is one of the reasons why some people prefer to place their adverts on fences,
walls and trees. Other reasons are urgency and making sure their adverts are read by as
many members of their community as possible. Such adverts usually deal with sales or
with items and pets lost and found. For instance,
LOST
FEMALE BLACK AND WHITE CAT
LAST SEEN OUTSIDE G&T’s ON SUNDAY
8th August (NIGHT)
BELIEVED SHE MAY BE HURT

AS SHE FELL FROM 1st FLOOR WINDOW
NEVER BEEN OUTSIDE
BELIEVED SHE MAY BE HIDING
AS VERY SCARED.
PLEASE CHECK ALL HIDING PLACES
AROUND YOUR GARDEN.
PLEASE CALL: 07625968825 or 07743024221

much loved member of family and her
sister missing her terribly. Thank You!
(To be continued)
Advertising 105
Vocabulary notes
affection — любовь, привязанность, in stock — имеющийся в магазине, ср.
syn. love выше: stock — запас; товар на складе
affectionate — нежная, ласковая магазина
announcement — объявление item — зд.: заметка; ср. выше: item —
around — поблизости, вокруг предмет, товар
attractive — привлекательная, ср. long-term — длительный, долгосрочный
выше: to attract — привлекать Ltd. = Limited — с ограниченной от-
to await smb fml = to wait for smb — ветственностью
ожидать кого-л. to make one’s way — идти своей доро-
гой
baggage — зд.: старая карга
to make sure — обеспечивать; убедить-
balding — лысеющий
ся, что; сделать так, чтобы; проследить
care — зд.: обслуживание
за тем, чтобы
to carry — зд.: опубликовать, поме-
mating agency — агентство знакомств
щать, syn. to publish to miss smb — скучать по кому-л.
classifieds — разнесённые по рубри- nationwide — по всей стране
кам газетные объявления no ties — не обременённая родствен-
commercial — коммерческое объ- ными связями
явление nonsmoker — некурящий
common — 1) общий; 2) широко рас- PC = Personal Computer — персональ-
пространённый ный компьютер
community — община perfect stranger — совершенно незна-
confident, syn. certain, sure — уверенный комый человек
to deal with smb/smth — иметь дело public phone booth — будка таксофона
с кем-л./чем-л., ср. выше: a deal — сделка Rd = Road — дорога; улица
dealer — торговец red-headed, syn. ginger — рыжий
discerning — разборчивый relationship — отношения
engagement — обручение, помолвка risky — рискованный
to enter — зд.: записать свое сообщение safety — безопасность
fault — дефект Sagittarius [sædteris] — Стрелец
for instance, syn. for example — напри- (по зодиаку)
мер Sagittarian — являющийся Стрель-
forthcoming — предстоящий цом по зодиаку
ft = feet — футы to scare — пугать
fun — забава, развлечение, удоволь- second-hand — подержанный, бывший
ствие, что-л. интересное, ср. выше: в употреблении
funny — забавный, смешной self-sufficient — самостоятельная (фин.)
genuine — зд.: тот, за кого он себя to share good times — для взаимно при-
выдает ятного времяпрепровождения
to get acquainted — познакомиться sincere — искренний
here you are — пожалуйста (в ответ Situations Vacant — Требуются
на просьбу) slim — стройная, ant. fat, obese
humorous, syn. funny soulmate = soul (душа) + mate (това-
in memoriam — некролог рищ) — родственная душа
106 Unit 18
Vocabulary notes
spec. = specification — спецификация, to be up to smth — иметь какие-л. на-
техническое описание мерения
to stand for smth — означать что-л. to upgrade — усовершенствовать
terribly infml — ужасно; очень urgency — срочность
the short for smth — сокращённое обо- via [va] — через
значение чего-л. voice box — индивидуальная аудиокас-
ugly — уродливый; ant. beautiful, lovely, сета
good-looking wedding — свадьба; свадебный
tences and phrases:
это одна из причин того, что; как например; встречайтесь в общественном ме-
сте; у неё могут быть травмы; встречаться с совсем незнакомым человеком; иди-
те своей дорогой (добирайтесь сами) к месту и от места встречи; для взаимно
приятного времяпрепровождения; насколько я могу судить; рискованное дело;
иметь много общего с; пока вы не убедитесь, что человек — именно тот, за кого
он себя выдаёт; в присутствии других людей; возможно большее число членов
общины; А в чем мы различаемся?; в таких объявлениях обычно говорится о; до-
вольно дóроги; позвоните мне по телефону, номер...; Или можно познакомиться
через агентство знакомств.
Exercise 2. Supply synonyms of the following words and phrases:

for example, to ring, certain, love, to publish, fully, real, funny.
Exercise 3. What are the counterparts of these words?

fat, to lose, beautiful, male

1) VBN stands ... ‘voice box number’. 2) Meet ... a public place ... other people ... . 3) Clas-
sifieds in English newspapers have a lot ... common ... those in Russian papers. 4) Who
can tell what he is really ... ... ? 5) new and second-hand computers ... stock. 6) Please
check all hiding places ... your garden. 7) a computer built ... specification. 8) She is look-
ing ... an honest male soulmate. 9) Call me ... 0906 4824123. 10) WLTM stands ... ‘would
like to meet’. 11) Or one can get acquainted … a mating agency.

1. What do classifieds in English newspapers have in common with those in Russian
newspapers?
2. Where do they differ?
Advertising 107
3. What precautions should be taken when meeting with a perfect stranger?

4. Why do some people prefer to place their advertisements on fences, walls, trees and
public phone booths?
5. What do such advertisements usually deal with?
Exercise 6. Supply the Russian names of these signs of the zodiac:

Cancer [kæns] (June 22 — July 23)
Leo [li] (July 24 — August 23)
Virgo [v ] (August 24 — September 23)
Libra [li()br] (September 24 — October 22)
Scorpio[skpi] (October 23 — November 22)
Sagittarius sædteris] (November 23 — December 22)
Capricorn [kæprkn] (December 23 — January 20)
Aquarius [kweris] (January 21 — February 19)
Pisces [pasiz] (February 20 — March 20)
Aries [eriz] (March 21 — April 20)
Taurus [trs] (April 21 — May 20)
Gemini [demna] (May 21 — June 21)

Friend: Did you get any replies to your advertisement that a lonely1 maiden2 sought3 light
and warmth in her life?
Spinster4: Yes, two from the electric company and one from the gas company.
Exercise 8. These advertisements are ambiguous. Can you tell why? How would you re-
phrase5 some of them to make the meaning clear? (Use a dictionary where necessary.)
1. A superb and inexpensive restaurant. Fine food expertly served by waitresses in ap-
petizing forms.
2. For sale: An antique desk suitable for lady with thick legs and large drawers.
3. WANTED: Girls to pick fresh fruit and produce at night.
4. Mount Kilimanjaro, the breathtaking backdrop for the Serena Lodge. Swim in the
lovely pool while you drink it all in.
5. Sheer stockings. So serviceable that lots of women wear nothing else.
6. Experienced mum will care for your child. Fenced garden, meals, and smacks included.
7. WANTED: Man to take care of cow that does not smoke or drink.
8. Ladies blowses. 50%off !
9. Illiterate? Write today for free help.
10. Ladies, now you can have a bikini for a ridiculous figure — just £ 4.
1
lonely — одинокий
2
maiden — дева
3
to seek (sought, sought) — искать
4
spinster — старая дева
5
to rephrase — перефразировать
108 Unit 18
YOUR STARS
with Carole Sommerville
All calls cost 60p per minute / service by Newsquest Group
ARIES CANСER
Mar. 21–Apr. 19 Jun. 22 — Jul. 22
A new and fascinating person could Plans to visit an old acquaintance with
enter your life. This may spell romance the intention of surprising them with
if you’re single. A colleague will be your appearance will go as anticipat-
hard to please but this is unlikely to ed. Someone amazes you with some
get you down. Now call my Aries-line recent good news. To hear a weekly
to hear an in-depth weekly forecast. forecast, call my Cancer-line.
0906392 4648 0906 392 4651
TAURUS LEO
Apr. 20 — May 20 Jul. 23 — Aug. 22
Most of the day will be generally easy- It might be best for you to compro-
going and this also reflects in your mise with people who are being dif-
general outlook. It’s not often lately ficult especially in your home area.
you’ve felt so relaxed. It’s good to have You could go round in endless circles
less burdens on your shoulders. Now once you get into debates concerning
call my Taurus-line. domestic affairs. Now call my Leo-line.
0906 392 4649 0906 392 4652
GEMINI VIRGO
May 21 — Jun. 21 Aug. 23 — Sept. 22
A sociable mood which has been with There are more things to life than re-
you throughout the month is even sponsibility. Lately, you’ve been work-
more apparent. Activities that get you ing very hard. It’s time to concentrate
out and about and away from your on your private affairs. These include
usual environment are beneficial now. activities designed for pleasure, not
Now call my Gemini-line. duty! Call my Virgo-line.
0906 392 4650 0906 392 4653
Advertising 109
LIBRA CAPRICORN
Sept. 23 — Oct. 23 Dec. 22 — Jan. 19
You may be searching for something There is hint of possible new avenues.
exciting but you won’t want to do this These could bring further improve-
alone. There could be the chance to ments into your life. A partnership
join a new Club or Society where you takes on a new meaning when joint
can share a hobby or interest with decisions reinforce your ties. Now call
like-minded people. my Capricorn-line.
0906 392 4654 0906 392 4657
SCORPIO AQUARIUS
Oct. 24 — Nov. 22 Jan. 20 — Feb. 18
If you are working today, you could Someone you work closely with has
be surprised at how a recent mood had the chance to come up with new
of tension suddenly vanishes. If col- ideas that sound exciting. You are
leagues have been awkward lately, happy to drop previously made plans
they now seem more friendly and in favour of a more interesting offer.
helpful. Call my Scorpio-line. Now call my Aquarius-line to hear
0906 392 4655 more.
0906 392 4658
SAGITTARIUS PISCES
Nov. 23 — Dec. 21 Feb. 19 — Mar. 20
You have an abundance of enthusi- Home, family and property concerns
asm, and you feel inspired to take on will go just the way you want them to.
more than you can chew. Maybe you So leave them be. Let sleeping dogs
should aim your attention to one spe- lie and you might stir up a bit more
cific area. For an in-depth weekly fore- excitement as you make headway in
cast, call my Sagittarius-line. a personal aim. Call my Pisces-line.
0906 392 4656 0905 392 4659
110 Unit 18
Exercise 9. Read and translate the weekly forecasts ‘Your Stars’. What is the main dif-
ference between these and ours?
Exercise 10. Read and translate these classifieds (use a dictionary where necessary).
1.
COOK required for small friendly day nursery in Milford-on-Sea.

Hours 10.30am — 1.30pm all year round. — 01590 655234.
2.
Mr S.G. Roake and Miss S.M. Smith

The engagement is announced between Simon, younger son of Mr Brian Roake, of Hayling
Island, Hampshire, and Mrs Olivia Roake, of New Cross, London, and Sally, younger daughter
of Mr and Mrs Roger J. Smith, of Markyate, Hertfordshire.
Online ref: 98135
3.
CANTY-SHEPHERD Margaret, Terry & Family. A massive thank you for your hospitality on
Wednesday night. What a wonderful special time we had. Your generosity is never ending.
Thank you for your friendship and kindness.
Have a great Holiday Jo & Yve.
Online ref: 98004
4.
Silver Wedding Anniversary

John & Diana
WALTERS
To my dear Diana, Happy Anniversary with all my love John.

1. What job is offered in the ‘Situations vacant’ advert?
2. Whose engagement is announced?
3. What is message 3 about?
4. How long have the Walters been married?
19
111 Chapter 1 Unit
Counteradvertising
(3) Low prices
Dialogue
A: There are items whose advertising is prohibited by law: alcoholic drinks, drugs and
tobacco.
B: Moreover, there is now large scale counteradvertising of cigarettes.
A: Myself, I am a nonsmoker. But does it deter you from smoking?
B: To a degree. I now stick to one cigarette a day.
A: You don’t say! You used to be a chainsmoker.
B: You wouldn’t chain-smoke, would you, if on every packet of cigarettes you read warn-
ings like the ones on this page below.
A: I have seen some more:
TOBACCO SMOKING GET HELP YOUR DOCTOR

TO STOP OR YOUR
SERIOUSLY CAUSES
SMOKING: PHARMACIST
DAMAGES AGEING RING CAN HELP YOU
HEALTH OF THE SKIN 0800 294 132 STOP SMOKING
B: And yet tobacco craving is very hard to overcome.
Smokers Smoking Smoking can

die can cause a slow damage the sperm
younger and painful death and decreases fertility
Smoking Smoking clogs Smoking

causes the arteries is highly
fatal lung and causes heart addictive,
cancer attacks and strokes don’t start
Smoking Smoking may reduce Smoking seriously

the blood flow harms you and others
kills and causes impotence around you
Smoking
Protect children: Stopping smoking
when
don’t make reduces the risk
pregnant
them breathe your оf fatal heart
harms and lung diseases
your baby smoke
112 Unit 19
Vocabulary notes
addictive — вошедший в привычку heart — сердце
to age — стареть h. attack — сердечный приступ
artery — артерия h. disease — заболевание сердца
blood flow — кровообращение highly — в высшей степени
cancer — рак large scale — широкомасштабный
to chain-smoke — курить одну сигарету lung — лёгкое
за другой moreover — более того
chain-smoker — заядлый курильщик to overcome — преодолевать
to clog — засорять, закупоривать painful — мучительный, болезненный
counteradvertising — контрреклама pharmacist — фармацевт, аптекарь
craving — тяга (к чему-л.) pregnant — беременная
to deter smb from smth — удерживать to prohibit — запрещать
кого-л. от чего-л. to stick to smth — зд.: придерживаться
drug — лекарство; наркотик, syn. nar- чего-л.
cotic; ср. выше: drugstore — аптека stroke — удар, инсульт
d. addict — наркоман to a degree — до некоторой степени
fatal — фатальный, смертельный You don’t say! — Да ну! Не может быть!
fertility — способность к деторождению
Exercise 1. In the dialogue and in the warnings (page 109), find the English equiva-
lents of these Russian phrases and sentences:
пачка сигарет; Да ну!; широкомасштабная контрреклама; до некоторой степени;
Что касается меня, то я некурящий; Курение быстро входит в привычку; при бе-
ременности; Курильщики умирают в более молодом возрасте; Обратитесь за по-
мощью, чтобы бросить курить; Курение может стать причиной медленной и му-
чительной смерти; Курение ведёт к старению кожи; Табак наносит серьёзный вред
вашему здоровью; Курение вызывает сужение просвета артерий.
Exercise 2. Supply synonyms of the following words and phrases:
sickness, to telephone, habitual smoker, narcotic, to get old, blood circulation.
1. Smoking seriously harms you and others ... you. 2. Advertising tobacco is prohibited ...
law. 3. I stick ... one cigarette a day. 4. “Does counteradvertising of cigarettes deter you ...
smoking?” — “It deters me ... a degree.” 5. A chain-smoker is one who smokes cigarettes
continually1, especially lighting each new one ... the previous one.
1. Advertising of what items is prohibited by law?
2. What items are counteradvertised?
3. What can smoking cause?
1
continually — постоянно
Counteradvertising 113
4. Why are people warned not to start smoking?

5. Why is it dangerous to smoke when pregnant?
6. What are people advised to do if they can’t stop smoking themselves?
THE SUN 19.7.2005, p. 25
Smokers are more likely to lose their teeth than those who quit, research at New-
castle University shows.

1. Who are more likely to lose their teeth, smokers or those who stopped smoking?
2. What shows that?
DAILY MAIL 13.7.2005, p. 56
I just couldn’t be fagged to smoke

The last packet of cigarettes The intervals got longer and longer,
I bought 45 years ago. I was a smoker but I was still buying cigarettes and
from a very early age and knew the smoking.
agony of wanting a smoke. I had gone a week or more without
As the years went by, I increased my and, having had the last cigarette from
use of cigarettes, so that I was smoking a packet of 20, on February 6, 1959,
40 to 50 a day and never gave a thought I bought another — and I keep it still
as to what it could do to me. intact with 20 cigarettes although the
I finally decided it was time to packet is rather worn. I remember the
give up. date because I wrote it on the front of
Each time I put my hand in my pock- the packet. I now keep it in a drawer. It
et, I would resist and think again. worked for me, how about you?
Fred Covell, London NW7.
Answer these questions:

1. When was the last packet of cigarettes bought?
2. How many cigarettes a day did Fred Covell smoke?
3. How did he give up1 smoking?
4. Why does he remember the date?
1
to give up — зд.: бросить курить
114 Unit 19
DAILY MIRROR 2.8.2005, P. 19
Ban on cigs in open air
SMOKERS will be banned from light- in Britain to outlaw it in parks, play areas
ing-up outdoors by their local council. and car parks. Council offices, leisure fa-
Derwentside District in Co Durham cilities and arts centres are also on the
is set to become the first local authority list.
This time the questions are:

1. What will smokers be banned1 from?
2. Which local authority is going to introduce2 that ban3?
3. Where are they going to ban smoking?
4. Is the ban common or unprecedented?
THE GLOBE AND MAIL, 25.2.2010, p. 2–3
STUDY CIGARETTES
Those who take up smoking have lower IQs
Cigarette smokers have lower IQs at 20,211 18-year-old men recruited into
than non-smokers, and the more a per- the Israeli military.
son smokes, the lower their IQ, accord- The findings suggest that lower IQ
ing to a study of over 20,000 Israeli mili- individuals are more likely to choose to
tary recruits. smoke, rather than that smoking makes
To better understand the smoking/ people less intelligent, Dr. Weiser and his
IQ relationship, the researchers looked team conclude.
Reuters
1
to ban — запрещать
2
to introduce — вводить
3
ban n — запрет
Now answer the following questions:

1. How does smoking affect1 a smoker’s IQ?
2. What people did the researchers look at?
3. What do the findings suggest?
DAILY MIRROR 13.8.2010, p. 19
FAIR PHEW YEARS
An iron-lunged gran has died at the After working her way through
age of 103 after smoking for 95 years. roughly 170,000 cigs, she was persuad-
Winnie Langley, who finally gave up ed to stop by failing eyesight as she
at Christmas, lit her first cigarette aged could not see the end of the match. Win-
seven just after the First World War be- nie, from Croydon, Surrey, insisted she
gan. was not ill from smoking because she
“never inhaled”.

1. At what age did the grannie die?
2. How long had she been a smoker?
3. When did she start?
4. When did she give up?
5. What made her give up?
6. How many cigs had she smoked in all?
7. How do you interpret the headline?
Exercise 6. Read, translate and memorise these jokes. Tell them to a comrade.
1. Betty looked at her husband scornfully and said:
“Didn’t your doctor tell you to give up smoking?”
“He did,” answered Dick who seemed to be ashamed of himself, “and...”
“And yet you insist on smoking like a chimney”, continued Betty, “you smoke at least 30
cigarettes a day!”
“Er... well,” answered Dick who seemed to be under his wife’s thumb, “I suppose I’d better
cut it down for a time. I don’t think I could actually do without a cigarette all day long.”
“And where is your strong will power?” asked Betty, “You should break the habit at once!”
Dick had always been as meek as a mouse but this time he felt he could not give way:
“You can think what you like, darling, but I just can’t do it.”
“What?! can’t do it?!!” exclaimed Betty. “Look at your friend Bill! He’s given up smoking
successfully, over twenty times!..”
1
to affect smth — действовать на что-л.
116 Unit 19
2.
DAILY MAIL 11.6.2008, p. 74
IF THE Government gives £12 a week to smokers as an incentive to kick the habit,
can I claim £14,976 as I stopped smoking 24 years ago?
Mrs K. LEIGH REID, Birstall, Leics.
Vocabulary notes
to be ashamed — стыдиться to give way — уступать
at once — сразу, немедленно incentive — стимул
to break a habit, syn. to kick a habit — от- tо insist — настаивать
казываться от привычки meek — робкий
to claim — требовать, претендовать на mouse — мышь
что-л. scornfully — презрительно
to cut down — сокращать to smoke like a chimney — дымить как
to do without smth — обходиться без паровоз
чего-л. to be under smb’s thumb [m] — быть
to exclaim — восклицать у кого-л. под каблуком
for a time — на некоторое время, will power — сила воли
ненадолго
Exercise 7. How many of these things about tobacco and history of cigarettes did
you know?
Five things you never knew about… tobacco

WILLIAM HARTSTON
1. The first tobacco in England was brought by Sir John Hawkins from Virginia
in 1584 or 1585.
2. Sir Walter Raleigh popularised smoking with his gift of tobacco to Queen Elizabeth
in 1586.
3. King James I, in 1604, described smoking as “loathesome to the eye, hateful
to the nose, harmful to the brain, dangerous to the lungs”.
4. In the 18th century, most tobacco was consumed as snuff. Napoleon used about
seven pounds a month.
5. Sir Walter Raleigh was buried with his favourite pipe and a tin of tobacco.
DAILY EXPRESS 2.7.2011, p. 53.
A history of cigarettes
THE first man to bring tobacco to much easier to consume and very cheap
northern Europe in the mid-1500s was a to buy. Smoking suddenly became a near-
French diplomat called Jean Nicot who universal habit among men and, in the
brought snuff to Paris from the Portu- early 1900s, a significant number of Euro-
guese court where it had become popu- pean and American women also adopted
lar after being brought back from the smoking as a badge of liberation.
Americas by Portuguese explorers. It wasn’t until September 1950 that
Not everyone was convinced of the the first academic article linking smok-
“healthful” benefits of the new sub- ing to lung cancer and heart disease was
stance. A pope, a Chinese emperor, a published in the British Medical Journal.
Muslim sultan of the Ottoman Empire Governments remain reluctant to
and our own King James were among the interfere, sticking to high taxes as a de-
first anti-smokers, attempting in some terrent rather than bans, until the Re-
way to discourage it during the 1600s. public of Ireland introduced the world’s
The invention of machine-made ciga- first nationwide ban on smoking in the
rettes in the late 1800s made tobacco workplace in 2004.
DAILY ECHO 13.8.2007, p. 18
Smoking outburst
• If any of the people opposing the • Smokers should just stay inside their
smoking ban had watched their (thir- stinking little homes and let the ma-
ty a day) father die without enjoying jority of us enjoy smoke-free enviro-
any retirement, enduring a six month ments.
lingering, painful death from lung If you can’t cope for a few hours
cancer, and seen and heard his last without a fag stay at home so the
desparate and agonising gasps, then rest of us don’t have to put up with
they might re-think their objections. you.
JOHNY, Oxford BIG BROWN, Bournemouth
118 Unit 19

1. In what case might people opposing the smoking ban re-think their objections?
2. What is Big Brown’s advice to smokers?
THE TIMES 18.8.2006, p. 9
Heart attack danger in passive smoking
By Nigel Hawkes
Health Editor
PEOPLE exposed to cigarette smoke for Heart attack risk was directly linked
as little as an hour a day increase their to the number of cigarettes a person
risk of a heart attack by almost a quar- smoked, the study suggested. The risk
ter, a study indicates. rose 1.63 times for people smoking one
Those exposed to three hours of to nine cigarettes a day, increasing to
passive smoke daily were found to in- 9.16 times for those who smoked 40 or
crease their risk by more than 60 per more. Similar trends were seen for men
cent. and women. The impact of smoking
The findings of the Interheart study, was much greater in younger than in
which looked at the experience of older individuals.
27,000 people in 52 countries, will rein- During the 20th century about 100
force efforts to reduce smoking in pub- million people around the world died
lic places. It looked at all tobacco expo- from tobacco-related diseases, the re-
sure, active and passive, and found that searchers said. The number is expected
all increase the risk of cardiac arrest. to increase to one billion during this
Heart attacks were three times as century.
common in smokers than in people Amanda Sandford, research man-
who had never smoked. ager of ASH (Action on Smoking and
Professor Salim Yusuf, from McMas- Health) said: “This important study
ter University in Ontario, Canada, led shows that even small amounts of
the study, which was published in The tobacco use can have a devastating
Lancet. He said: “Since the risks of heart health impact. ”
attack associated with smoking dissi- Ruairi O’Connor, from the British
pate substantially after smoking ces- Heart Foundation, said: “The good
sation, public health efforts to prevent news is that much of the added risk of
people from starting the habit and to a heart attack recedes after quitting —
promote quitting in current smokers a great reason to kick the habit.”
will have a large impact in the preven-
tion of heart attacks worldwide.”

1. What are the findings of the Interheart study?
2. Who led the study and what did he say?
3. How many people died in the 20th century from tobacco-related diseases?
4. How do you decipher1 the abbreviation ASH?
5. What does quitting result in?
6. What is the synonym for second-hand smoking?
Baby warning to smokers
Professor Nick Macklon of Southamp- through pregnancy, in the belief

ton University warned a conference that a smaller baby means an easier
of the European Society of Human birth, risk complicated deliveries, as
Reproduction and Embryology in well as the health of the child in later
Stockholm that women who smoked life.

1. Why do some women keep smoking through pregnanсy?
2. What risks do they run?
1
to decipher [dsaf] — расшифровывать
20
120 Chapter 10 Unit
Superclean dry cleaners

Dialogue
A: Good morning.
B: Good morning.
A: Do you do repairs?
B: Yes, we repair or alter virtually any garment. We do it so you don’t have to.
A: Do you clean carpets?
B: We do. We clean household items such as carpets, rugs and duvets. We have shirt
cleaning and ironing service.
A: Do you have any special offers for dry cleaning?
B: Usually we have one in the window. This week it’s two suits dry cleaned for £10.50.
Next week there will be another offer in the window. We are going to offer you a chance
to have two suits or children’s blazers cleaned for the price of one — just in time for back
to school. That offer will be available until September 4. So pop in, get your suit cleaned
and we will clean a school blazer for free; or take two suits or children’s blazers and only
pay for one of them. We also provide specialist cleaning service for suede, leather and
sheepskin, plus wedding gowns and evening wear.
A: Thank you. I’ll bear that in mind. My granddaughter’s wedding is due in eight weeks.
Meanwhile here is a pair of trousers for cleaning. Do you press?
B: Yes, we automatically press when we dry clean. Are you a senior citizen?
A: Yes. Why?
B: Because if you are, you are entitled to 10 per cent discount. When would you like them
to be ready?
A: In two days.
B: What is your telephone number?
A: 271279.
B: Here is your ticket. Good-bye.
A: Good-bye.
(Two days later)
B: Hallo. I’ve come to collect my trousers. Here is my ticket.
A: Hallo. Just a minute. Here are your trousers dry cleaned and pressed. It will be 3
pounds sixty please.
B: Here is a fiver.
A: Here is your change. Thank you.
B: Thank you. Good-bye.
A: Good-bye.
Superclean dry cleaners 121
Vocabulary notes
automatically — зд.: это входит в дан- Here is... — Вот...
ную услугу household item — предмет домашнего
blazer — куртка (иногда как часть обихода, ср. выше: household goods —
школьной формы) хозяйственные товары
carpet — ковер to iron — гладить (рубаху, бельё, в том
cleaner — работник химчистки числе постельное, скатерть)
to collect — зд.: забирать to pop in infml, syn. to drop in/by — за-
to dry clean — производить химчистку скочить, заглянуть, зайти, забежать
dry cleaning — химчистка (процесс) to press — гладить (костюм, брюки,
(dry) cleaner(‘s) — химчистка
форму)
(мастерская)
rug — ковёр
due — ожидаемый
sheepskin < sheep (овца) + skin (кожа,
is d. — зд.: должна состояться
duvet [du()ve] — пуховое одеяло, кожный покров) — овчина
перина suede [swed] — замша
evening wear — вечерние туалеты, ср. ticket — зд.: квитанция
выше: underwear — нижнее бельё virtually — фактически, практически
for free — бесплатно, ср. выше: free — wedding gown, syn. wedding dress —
бесплатный свадебное платье
garment — одежда; платье Why? — зд.: А что?
tences and phrases:
Минуточку!; Вот моя квитанция; Я буду это иметь в виду; А что?; Вы делаете ре-
монт?; на этой неделе; на следующей неделе; Заходите!; через два дня; Мы ремон-
тируем или переделываем практически любую одежду; Сдайте ваш костюм в хим-
чистку; Я пришел за своими брюками; как раз к началу учебного года; Вот ваши
брюки, починенные и отутюженные; Вам положена десятипроцентная скидка.
Exercise 2. Fill in the blanks with prepositions, adverbs and a particle.
1) We will clean a school blazer ... free. 2) Do you have any special offers ... dry cleaning?
3) Pop ... ! 4) It’s two suits ... £10.50. 5) just ... time ... back ... school. 6) I would like them
to be ready ... two days. 7) Usually we have one ... the window. 8) I’ll bear that ... mind.
9) You are entitled ... 10 per cent discount. 10) to have two suits or children’s blazers
cleaned ... the price of one. 11) We do it so you don’t have… .
Exercise 3. Translate these sentences. Use “Here is” or “Here are”.
брюки
ваши брюки
ваша квитанция
Вот
моя квитанция
пятёрка
ваша сдача
122 Unit 20

1. What items do dry cleaners clean?
2. Do they do repairs?
3. What special offers are placed in the window?
4. Why did they offer in August to clean children’s blazers?
5. What do dry cleaners advertise to attract more customers?
6. What specialist cleaning service is provided?
7. Do dry cleaners press?
8. What are senior citizens entitled to?
9. Which clothes are ironed and which are pressed?
21
123 Chapter 1 Unit
At a launderette
Dialogue
A: How much for the use of machines?
B: £ 2.60. Since they are coin operated, please have the required coins.
A: And how long do the machines take to wash?
B: About 40 minutes.
A: Do you sell washing powder?
B: Yes. It’s 30p for a cup.
A: How long do you get for 20p in the drier?
B: Three minutes.
A: What if I can’t afford the time? How much do you charge for doing the washing and
drying for me?
B: Service wash is an extra £1.40, so that will be £4.0 in all.
A: When will the service wash be ready?
B: Come back in 2 hours.
A: And how long are you here for?
B: I’m in attendance till lunch-time.
A: The point is I’m a very busy person. Do you do pick-up and delivery service?
B: Yes. Call in and see me or ring the day before and we’ll collect the laundry the follow-
ing day.
A: What’s your telephone number?
B: Shop — 270021, home — 276243. A small fee is all we charge.
A: Do you have a lady who does alterations on clothes?
B: Yes, we have a sewing service. Here is a price list for doing zips and hems in trousers,
skirts, jeans, dresses, coats and anoraks.
Vocabulary notes
to afford — позволять себе (обычно dryer, drier — сушилка
расход времени, денег и подобное) drying — сушка
alteration — подгонка, ср. выше: to extra — дополнительный, лишний, ср.
alter — подгонять выше: extra — дополнительный
anorak — анорак (короткая куртка счет
с капюшоном) hem — кайма, подшиваемый край,
to call in — заходить, ср. выше: sуп. to обшлаг
drop in/by, to pop in How long do the machines take to
coin — монета wash? — Сколько времени уходит
required coins — нужные монеты у машин на стирку?
с. operated — работающий после How much is... ? — Сколько стоит...?
опускания монет in all — в общей сложности
124 Unit 21
Vocabulary notes
to be in attendance — присутствовать; pick-up s. — приём белья на дому
обслуживать sewing [s] s. — швейные услуги
jeans — джинсы telephone number
launderette, laundrette — прачечная- shop t. n. — номер служебного
автомат, AE laundromat телефона
the (dirty) laundry — (грязное) бельё home t. n. — номер домашнего
notice — надпись, объявление телефона
The point is..., syn. infml: The thing wash(ing) — стирка
is... — Дело в том... service wash — стирка как отдельная
price list < price (цена) + list (спи- услуга
сок) — прейскурант washing machine, AE washer — сти-
to require — требовать(ся) ральная машина
service — сервис, обслуживание, washing powder — стиральный по-
услуга, услуги рошок
delivery s. — доставка на дом zip, AE zipper — застёжка-молния
tences and phrases:
дополнительно 1 фунт 40 пенсов; в общей сложности 4 фунта; Сколько стоит поль-
зование стиральной машиной?; Стиральные машины работают после опускания
монет; Дело в том, что я очень занятой человек; Заходите и скажите мне; Позво-
ните накануне; А что, если у меня нет времени?; швейные услуги; Пожалуйста,
имейте с собой нужные монеты; Я работаю до 13 часов; Какой у вас номер телефо-
на?; У вас есть приём белья на дому и доставка на дом?; Мы заберем бельё на сле-
дующий день; Сколько времени у машин уходит на стирку?; Возвращайтесь через
2 часа; Сколько времени вы здесь находитесь?; Мы берём небольшую плату; У вас
есть женщина, которая переделывает одежду?; Сколько вы возьмёте за то, чтобы
постирать и высушить моё бельё?

1) Do you have a lady who does alterations ... clothes? 2) It’s 30p ... cup. 3) How long are
you here ... ? 4) How much ... the use of machines? 5) Call ... and see me. 6) Come back
. . . 2 hours. 7) How long do you get ... 20p ... the drier? 8) I’m ... attendance ... lunch-
time. 9) Here is a price list ... doing zips and hems ... trousers. 10) That will be £4.0 ... all.
11) How much do you charge ... doing the washing and drying ... me?

The thing is..., zipper, laundromat, washer, garment, to drop in.
At a launderette 125

1. How much does the launderette charge for the use of washing machines?
2. How are the washing machines operated?
3. How long do the washing machines take to wash?
4. How long does a customer get for 20p in the drier?
5. What if a customer is a very busy person?
6. What is service wash?
7. How much does the launderette charge for service wash?
8. How long is the attendant in the launderette for?
9. What if a customer can’t afford the time to take the laundry to the launderette and
bring it back?
10. Does a launderette do alterations on clothes, zips and hems in trousers?
11. Where else do they alter clothes?
Exercise 5. Translate this short dialogue:

– Where is that new T-shirt of yours?
– In the wash.
Exercise 6. Here are some notices you can see on the walls and door of a launderette
in the county of Dorset. Use them to describe its work and safety precautions taken.
Free pick-up &

Highcliffe Service Washes delivery service
Laundrette Duvets Cleaned 01425 270021
Coin Operated You leave it — We do it! 8 til 7
Open 7 Days a week
Parking Unless using the wash-

Consideration
This Forecourt is ers or dryers no person
is all we ask
for Customers under the age of 18 are
Thank you
who wish to use allowed within this
Trish
Laundrette property
Please note All machines have been

24 hour CCTV fitted with alarms
Any offenders will be
monitoring which are linked up
prosecuted for trespass
in operation to the door lock.
Smile for the camera You have been warned
126 Unit 21
Vocabulary notes
alarm — тревожное сигнальное устрой- monitoring — наблюдение, слежение
ство offender — нарушитель
CCTV — Closed Circuit Television — parking — парковка
(скрытая) камера видеонаблюдения to prosecute — привлекать к уголовной
consideration — зд.: внимательное от- ответственности
ношение safety precautions — меры безопасно-
to fit with smth — оснащать чем-л. сти
forecourt — передний двор Smile for the camera — Улыбайтесь, вас
Highcliffe — Хайклифф (название снимают
деревни) til = till
in operation — в действии, действует trespass — вход без разрешения, неза-
to link up to smth — подсоединять конное проникновение
к чему-л. Trish — женское имя (от Patricia)
DAILY ECHO 13.8.2010, p. 14
Our life of grime...
The research found nearly one in 10 Almost a quarter of men admit to

adults admit to only cleaning their wearing their underwear more than
bed linen every couple of months, or once without washing, the poll by
when they have “a good reason”. Boost Your Wash, a washing enhan-
cer product, revealed.
Аnswer these questions:

1. How often do ten per cent of adults clean their bed linen?
2. How long do twenty-five percent of men wear their underwear without washing?
At a launderette 127
DAILY ECHO 10.7.2009, p. 2
Clean kitten
A KITTEN survived after being switched on. It was only after the ma-
trapped in a washing machine for chine had completed its 30-degree
a full cycle. cycle that Toby’s owner discovered
Toby is thought to have crawled into the seven-week-old black kitten. The
the washing machine before it was pet has now recovered.

1. What is the kitten’s name?
2. What colour is it?
3. How old is it?
4. What happened to it?
5. When was it discovered?
6. How is it now?
22
128 Chapter 10 Unit
Recycling
Dialogue
(Paul — proprietor, Gregory — his lodger)
G.: Paul, why have you got so many dustbins in your courtyard?
P.: I was about to tell you about those. They are meant for different kinds of rubbish.
Вefore you carry out your rubbish, please sort it out. Then put glass bottles and jars in this
bin, plastic in that one, newspapers, paper and cardboard here, and the rest over there.
G.: But why?
P.: This is for recycling. Thursday is our refuse collection day. A dust-cart comes, dust-
men empty all waste from people’s dustbins into different containers and take it away.
G.: Where?
P.: To be recycled. We no longer take rubbish to dump sites.
G.: And what about litter in the streets?
P.: There are litter bins for that. Litter is also sorted out.
G.: How?
P.: There are special banks for that.
G.: Such as what?
P.: Paper banks, bottle banks, plastic bottles banks, metal banks, clothing banks and even
shoe banks. Moreover, bottle banks are divided into three compartments: for brown,
clear and green glass.
G.: What about those who ignore all rules and drop litter in the street?
P.: Throwing trash around is flytipping which is a punishable offence.
G.: In the US, 95% of all waste goes to the dump. Why is so much importance attached
to recycling in the UK?
P.: Recycling is important economically and ecologically. The prospectus I gave you yes-
terday was printed on recycled paper. One metric tonne of recycled paper saves seven
trees, 4,300 kWh of electricity, two barrels of oil and 1,360 litres of water. Decayed leaves
and plants are utilized to make compost for agricultural use. Organic waste is turned into
bio gas which reduces the need for traditional fuel and thereby reduces CO2 emissions.
So recycling makes green sense, it makes financial sense and it makes good sense.
Vocabulary notes
to attach importance to smth — прида- cardboard — картон
вать значение чему-л. to carry out — выносить
bank — зд.: контейнер clear — зд.: прозрачный, бесцветный
barrel — баррель clothing — одежда
bin — ящик, урна collection — зд.: сбор
litter b. — мусорная урна to collect rubbish — собирать мусор
Recycling 129
Vocabulary notes
compartment — отсек, отделение; купе oil — зд.: нефть
decayed — сгнивший to print — печатать
dump (site) — свалка proprietor — (домо)владелец
dust — пыль, мусор prospectus — проспект
dustbin, syn. rubbish bin — мусорный punishable offence — наказуемое право-
ящик1 нарушение
dust-cart — грузовик для вывоза to recycle — перерабатывать вторичное
мусора сырье
dustman, syn. binman — мусорщик rubbish, syn. refuse, trash ,waste; AE
to empty — вываливать, высыпать garbage — мусор
flytipping — засорение мусором улиц to sort smth out — сортировать что-л.
litter — мусор вне зданий thereby — тем самым
lodger — жилец waste — отходы
to make good sense — быть стóящим domestic w. — бытовые отходы
делом, иметь смысл food w. — пищевые отходы
to mean smth for smth — предназначать to get rid of the w. — избавляться от
что-л. для чего-л. мусора
es and sentences:
более того; Я собирался сказать вам о них; напечатан на бумаге из вторсырья;
пересыпают все бытовые отходы из мусорных ящиков населения в разные
контейнеры; день сбора мусора; только для пластмассовых бутылок; важно
экономически и экологически; Они предназначены для разных видов мусора;
Какие, например?; Почему такое большое значение придаётся переработке
вторсырья?; Переработка вторсырья — стóящее дело; То, что для одного мусор,
для другого сокровище; снижает потребность в обычном горючем.

1) Why is so much importance attached ... recycling? 2) Put the rest ... there. 3) They are
meant ... different kinds ... rubbish. 4) Bottle banks are divided ... three compartments.
5) I was ... to tell you ... those. 6) Dustmen empty all waste ... people’s dustbins ... different
containers and take it ... . 7) Before you carry ... your rubbish, please sort it ... .
1. Why are there so many dustbins in English courtyards?
2. What is a refuse collection day?
3. How is litter sorted out?
4. What kind of banks are there?
5. Why is so much importance attached to recycling?
6. How do you interpret the phrase ‘turning trash to cash’?
1
to consign smth to the dustbin/rubbish bin of history — отправить что-л. на свалку истории
130 Unit 22
Exercise 4. This is what banks may look like and the kind of information that can be
found on them. Read and translate it (use a dictionary where necessary).
This paper bank will take

newspapers
magazines
junk mail catalogues/directories
flattened cardboard
Recycle
your old YELLOW PAGES
here
beverage cartons
Recycle your paper based liquid
food and drink cartons here
Glass bottles & jars only
Plastic bottles only.

Please remove and dispose of tops
Alufoil and squash bottles thin
CLEAN FOIL ONLY to fit more in
Thank you for recycling
Give foil for recycling
To help raise funds for your local
community project SHOE BANK
Please give CLEAN ready meal and If bank is full please do not leave
takeaway containers, pie cases, bags outside
household wrapping foil, foil dairy
product bidding and chocolate foil
Do not leave waste by banks.
Please do not give metallised plastic film
such as crisp packets (springs back when This is classified
scrunched in the hand) as flytipping & is illegal

1. What is flytipping?
2. What is a type of telephone directory called that contains the telephone numbers and
addresses of businesses, shops and other organizations in a city or area, arranged ac-
cording to the type of service they provide?
3. What are people supposed to do with metal tops of plastic bottles?
4. What are the dos and don’ts of using clothing banks?
5. What Americanism is used for ‘tinfoil’?
Recycling 131
Exercise 5. Read and translate thе excerpt from the newspaper article (use a diction-
ary where necessary) and find there the answers to these questions:
1. How much rubbish was collected across England in the 12 months up to March 2004?
2. Did the amount recycled by the average household over the same period rise or drop?
3. Who is responsible for disposal1 of rubbish?
4. What happens to the rubbish that is not recycled?
5. Why is that undesirable2?
6. Why are incinerators3 undesirable?

TIDY RESULT
Mountain of waste is reduced
for first time as families recycle more
RECYCLING is beginning to bring There has been growing concern
down the waste mountain, it was re- at the huge amount of rubbish being
vealed yesterday. poured into landfill sites.
The total amount of waste collected The Council for the Protection of Ru-
by council binmen has fallen for the ral England has warned that the coun-
first time. tryside is being destroyed by waste
Across England councils collected dumping because of the traffic, noise
29.1 million tonnes of rubbish in the and dust it creates.
12 months up to March 2004. Landfills are taking up increasing
The figure is one per cent down on amounts of space — the CPRE reckons
the previous 12 months. that in some areas you are never more
And over the same period the than 10 minutes away from the nearest
amount recycled by the average house- dump.
hold went up from 14 per cent of the Depositing waste in landfill sites is
total waste thrown out to 17 per cent. cheaper than the alternatives.
Some 79 per cent of households now The Government had looked at using
have kerbside collections of recyclable incinerators to burn waste.
rubbish — and the amount collected But these have proved controversial
increased by 52 per cent. because they cause pollution and con-
The figures showed the proportion tribute to global warming.
of waste councils pour into landfill sites Recycling is seen as the most effec-
has continued to fall — from 75 per tive option for cutting waste and re-
cent to 72 per cent. ducing the amount going to landfill.
Councils are also recycling more. Decomposable rubbish which is
It went up from 7.3 million tonnes to 8.1 turned into compost is the most com-
million, just under a quarter of the total. mon form of recycled material followed
by paper and card.
1
disposal — избавление от чего-л.; ср. выше: to dispose of smth
2
undesirable — нежелательный
3
incinerator [nsnret] — мусоросжигатель
132 Unit 22
Exercise 6. Read and translate the excerpt from the letter from a Daily Mail reader (use
a dictionary where necessary). Do you agree or disagree with him and why?
DAILY MAIL 22.8.2005, p. 44
THE Government is constantly nagging us to recycle more. So why isn’t more

household plastic made to a standard that would make recycling easier? For in-
stance, how many people know that a plastic milk bottle can be recycled but not
the bottle top?
Wouldn’t it be easier if the top were made of the same consistency as the bottle
so that all of the milk bottle was recyclable?
What about aluminium foil containers? If it was once worth collecting foil milk bot-
tle tops, why do large foil containers have to be thrown out today in most counties?
And why, when our grandparents and parents returned glass milk bottles and
soft drink bottles for washing and reuse, is it regarded as progress to smash them
into bins and melt them down?
R. MASON, Poole, Dorset.
Scandal of £5bn food waste bill

WASTEFUL British shoppers are This is a staggering amount of money,
throwing away £5 billion of uneaten particularly in hard times.
food a year. “The cash could be spent on other
The average household bins 10 per things such as a holiday or the latest
cent of the weekly shop. gadgets, rather than going in the bin.”
A spokeswoman said: “It’s shocking A shameless 15 per cent tempted by
Britons waste so much money buying two-for-one offers do not plan meals or
food that never gets anywhere near care what they waste while a frugal 23
a plate, the dinner table or our mouths. per cent ensure they throw nothing away.

1. How much uneaten food is thrown away by British shoppers a year?
2. What percentage of the weekly shop is binned by the average household?
3. How could that cash be spent?
4. Why do some people buy surplus food?
5. What percentage of British shoppers throw nothing away?
Recycling 133
Keep fit by picking up neighbourhood litter

Most mornings, I spend an hour or so I place in litter bins. The physical activ-
picking up litter from the streets in my ity keeps me fit and it helps to free the
neighbourhood. I sometimes see oth- council to attend to more demanding
ers doing the same. I take home for jobs.
recycling what I can; the remainder Richard Offord
Salisbury
Answer the question:

What way of keeping fit is recommended and how do you like it?
Exercise 8. Read and translate the excerpts from two articles below from different
newspapers describing the same accident1 (use a dictionary where necessary). What
details does the article from the Daily Mirror contain not covered2 in The Sun’s?
Nearly killed by kip in skip

By JAN DISLEY
A HOMELESS couple who clambered into Steven, 29, jumped to safety, shout-
a recycling skip for a night’s sleep narrow- ing “My girlfriend’s in there.”
ly escaped being crushed to death. The crusher was stopped in the nick
Next morning a refuse truck turned of time. Firemen then used ladders
up to collect the container — packed to rescue 28-year-old Tracy, who was
with several hundredweight of card- trapped 15ft up inside the crusher.
board, plus the slumbering Steven Gal- The pair usually bed down at the
loway and Tracy Baker. back of Sainsbury’s in Bolton, Gtr Man-
They and the contents were tipped chester, but climbed into the skip for
into a giant crusher. The driver was extra warmth. Sainsbury’s has fitted
about to press the start button when a new padlock on the container lid.
he heard screams from inside.
1
accident — несчастный случай
2
to cover — зд.: освещать
134 Unit 22
THE SUN 18.8.2005, p. 26
Bin girl’s escape
Tracy Baker, 28, bedded down in the store in Bolton, Greater Manches-
metal container — used for old card- ter.
board with boyfriend Steve Galloway, 29. Tracy and Steve were tipped in with
The next morning the cart arrived the cardboard. Steve managed to
to empty bins outside a Sainsbury jump out — and prevented a tragedy.
Exercise 9. Read and translate a fragment of the poem (use a dictionary where neces-
sary).
DAILY MAIL 9.8.2004, p. 64
Daily Poem
THE LITTER LOUTS’ ANTHEM
We walk the streets and scatter We do our best on Fridays

Our rubbish far and wide, To show we’ve been around.
We’re not a bit ashamed of it; Sweet wrappers and our fag ends;
We do it with great pride. They decorate the town;
Our cans and bottles hit the ground; While packets from all products
The glass ones make a noise; We happily throw down.
We don’t care if the fragments We do not use our pockets
Cut pets, or girls or boys. To take our trash away.
We’re generous with our litter; ‘Why should we take the bother?’
We never use the bin, That’s what we litterers say.
Except to push it over Though other people grumble
And scatter what’s put in. About the state we leave;
We hate to see streets tidy, They moan and groan and carry on —
With no muck on the ground; You never would believe!
Bryan Spinney, Southampton.

Recycling 135

1. What are flytippers called here?
2. What can glass fragments cause?
3. What do litter louts do with bins?
4. What do they leave the rubbish for?
Exercise 10. Here is a funny verse about recycling. Read, translate and memorise it.
It may come in handy.
DAILY MAIL 3.7.2008, p. 66
We must recycle more say MPs,

And now the LGA agrees.
Is it next their intention
To save money on pensions
By recycling all us OAPs?
Vocabulary notes
to come in handy / useful — пригодиться
LGA — Local Government Association
MP — Member of Parliament
Exercise 11. How do yyou interpret the dustman’s words?
‘It will be two weeks before I can see you again, but I do see some people privately.´
23
136 Chapter 10 Unit
Weather
(1)
DAILY MIRROR 6.8.2005
Sunrise: 05.32
Sunset: 20.40
High water:
London (03.37)
Liverpool (01.09)
Aberdeen (03.24)
Warmest: B’mouth (22C)
Coldest: E’dalemuir (8C)
Sunniest: Holyhead (8.9 hrc)
Wettest: St. Athan 0.75 ins
NORTH-EAST and EASTERN ENGLAND and SCOTLAND will have variable cloud
and a few light showers, drier and brighter later, especially inland. Other areas will
start cloudy, but it will brighten up with hazy sunshine at times. SOUTH-WESTERN
coasts will stay cloudy with mist and drizzle in places.
Weather 137
Vocabulary notes
at times — временами outlook — перспектива, прогноз, syn.
cloud — облако; облачность forecast
variable с. — переменная shower — кратковременный дождь,
облачность ср. выше: s. — душ
cloudy — облачно, ant. bright — sun
ясно sunny — солнечно, солнечный
coast — побережье, ant. inland — sunrise, syn. infml sun-up — восход
внутренние районы солнца
drizzle — моросящий дождь sunset, syn. sundown — заход солнца
haze — дымка sunshine — солнечный свет
hazy — с дымкой, в дымке water — зд.: уровень воды в реке
in places — местами, syn. patchy high w. — самый высокий уровень
(p. rain ~ rain in places) воды в реке из-за морского
it will brighten up — ожидается про- прилива (high tide)
яснение low w. — самый низкий уровень
mist — туман, ср.: fog — густой воды в реке из-за морского отлива
туман (low tide)
Exercise 1. In the forecast, find the English equivalents of these Russian phrases and
sentences:
особенно во внутренних районах; облачность сохранится; в Шотландии облач-
ность переменная; в дальнейшем погода более сухая; временами солнечно, дымка;
в других районах утро будет облачным; временами небольшой дождь; облачность
уменьшится; ожидается прояснение; местами с туманом и моросящим дождем.
Exercise 2. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and adverbs:

1) ... places; 2) ... times; 3) It will brighten ... ; 4) ... hazy sunshine; 5) ... mist and drizzle.
Exercise 3. What antonyms of these words and phrases do you know?

sunrise, sun-up, dry, high water, high tide, warm, sunny, coast, bright.

1. Which areas will have variable cloud?
2. Where will it be drier and brighter, on the coast or inland?
3. Which areas will stay cloudy?
4. What temperature is forecast for Bournemouth?
5. How many hours of sunshine will Holyhead have?
6. What temperature is expected in Eskdalemuir?
7. When will the water level of the Thames be highest?
8. What do you think is the difference between a weather forecast and a weather update?
24
138 Chapter 10 Unit
Weather
(2)
Dialogue
А: ’Morning.
B: ’Morning. How are you?
А: Not too bad, thank you. And how’s your health and temper this morning?
B: Can’t grumble, thanks.
А: Did you go in?
B: Not yet.
А: Do, by all means. The water is absolutely gorgeous. How long have you left here?
B: Just one more week.
А: Well, try to make the most of it.
B: Thanks. Weather permitting, I will.
А: Weather, weather. When two Englishmen meet, their first talk is of the weather, so
Samuel Johnson1 famously declared in the 18th century. Everybody talks about the
weather but nobody does anything about it.
B: Who said that?
А: Mark Twain.
B: Nowadays changing the weather has become a reality. I mean precipitating rain by
means of cloud seeding.
А: Oh yes. It’s high time someone has done something about the English weather. It’s too
rainy.
B: And whenever it rains, we always try to console ourselves saying, “But it’s good for
the garden.”
А: Luckily, it’s now brightening up.
Vocabulary notes
by all means — обязательно to grumble — ворчать, жаловаться;
cloud seeding — борьба Can’t/Mustn’t g. — не жалуюсь
с облачностью, предотвращение it’s high time — давно пора
дождя в каком-либо районе luckily — к счастью
to console — утешать to make the most of smth —
to do smth about smth — принимать максимально использовать что-л.
меры в отношении чего-л. to precipitate — ускорять, приближать
to go in — зд.: искупаться temper — настроение
gorgeous — великолепный weather permitting — если позволит
погода
1
Johnson, Samuel (1709–1784), known as Dr. Johnson, a British critic and dictionary writer,
famous for his Dictionary of the English Language (1755).
Weather 139
tences and phrases:
когда бы ни шёл дождь; Вода просто великолепная; если позволит погода; но ни-
кто ничего с ней не делает; Погода разгуливается; «Вы купались?» — «Ещё нет». —
«Обязательно искупайтесь»; «Как вы себя чувствуете?» — «Спасибо, неплохо»;
«Как ваше здоровье сегодня? Как настроение?» — «Спасибо, не жалуюсь»; «Сколь-
ко вам здесь ещё осталось?» — «Только ещё одна неделя». — «Постарайтесь ис-
пользовать её максимально».

1) It’s brightening ... . 2) Go … … all means. 3) It’s good ... the garden. 4) Nobody does
anything ... it. 5) Try to make the most ... it.

1. Did the tourist go in that morning?
2. How was the water?
3. How long did he have left there?
4. Was he going to make the most of the time left?
5. How do the English try to console themselves whenever it rains?
Exercise 4. Use this table to make 8 dialogues.
A В
Fine, thanks.
How are you? Not too bad.

How is your health
Mustn’t
and temper this morning?
grumble.
Can’t
Exercise 5. Practise these dialogues with a comrade.

1. A: Will you come here next summer?
B: God willing1, weather permitting, I will.
2. A: How is the water?
B: Absolutely gorgeous. Let’s go in.
3. A: Will it keep raining much longer?
B: No, look, it’s already brightening up.
1
God willing — если будет на то воля Господня
140 Unit 24
Exercise 6. The authors of these two newspaper articles complain about the British
weather but differ1 about what should be done about it. Read and translate both arti-
cles (use a dictionary where necessary) and say which author you agree with and why.
That’s torn it
AFTER the heatwave came the thun- Britons have always moaned about
derstorms. And now Birmingham is it but suddenly there is a real reason to
struck by a tornado. grumble.
What on earth is happening to our The forecasts don’t prepare us for
weather? the extremes striking the country.
THE PEOPLE 31.7.2005, p. 8
Pack your bags
THERE is an old saying that the Brit- August at home is set to be gloomy
ish always moan about the weather and dreary but the holiday hotspots in
but never do anything about it. Now France, Spain, Italy and Greece will abso-
we can. lutely sizzle.
Exercise 7. Here are some possible answers to the question ‘What’s the forecast?’ or
‘Let’s get a check on the weather’. Choose the right one for tomorrow.
1) It will be sunny well into the evening.2 2) Bright and breezy. 3) Wet and windy. 4) Clear
day, sea calm. 5) Beautiful weather. 6) A decent day. 7) Grapefruit-size hail3. 8) Hailstones
as big as eggs. 9) Hot by day, chilly by night, with thunderstorm to boot4. 10) A break in
the weather.5 11) It’s another glorious6 day tomorrow. 12) Rainy with patches7 of blue sky.
1
differ about smth — расходиться во взглядах по какому-л. вопросу
2
well into the evening — до позднего вечера
3
hail — град
4
to boot — к тому же, syn. at that
5
a break in the weather — перемена погоды
6
glorious — славный, великолепный
7
patch — просвет
Weather 141
13) Cloudy with clear spells1. 14) Cloudy with sunny spells2. 15) Weather normal for this
time of year. 16) Sunny with cloud. 17) Just a touch3 cooler. 18) A few showers cropping
up4. 19) A few rain drops are going to fall. 20) On and off showers. 21) The odd5 shower.
22) Scattered6 showers (tend to ease away). 23) Pretty hefty7 showers. 24) Strong sun-
shine. 25) Nasty8 weather. 26) A mixture of sunshine and showers. 27) A little overcast9.
28) Welcome10 rainfall. 29) Severe11 storms. 30) Rainfall 277 mm. 31) Extreme12 weather.
32) Flooding13 rain. 33) Partly cloudy. 34) Not breezy. 35) Rain staying clear14 of Moscow.
36) Exceptionally15 dry weather. 37) A fair amount of sunshine/clouds. 38) A severe thun-
derstorm. 39) Sunshine lingering16 on in Saint Petersburg. 40) More rain pushing in from
the West. 41) A little bit of precipitation17. 42) Warm dry weather is coming back to us.
43) Showers will be easing. 44) Tremendous18 rainfall. 45) Unseasonably19 warm. 46) The
wind beginning to gust20. 47) Showers skirting21 the coast. 48) Pretty active22 weather.
49) Squally23 wind. 50) 10 mm of rainfall. 51) Sunshine increasingly widespread. 52) Risk
of some flooding. 53) Showery (outbreaks24 of) rain. 54) Blastering25 wind. 55) Dreadful26
weather. 56) The sun is out.27 57) The storms are beginning to abate28. 58) Heavy rainfall.
59) Weather at its most extreme. 60) Quite a windy day. 61) Some fairly wet weather.
62) A heat wave. 63) Thundery showers. 64) Rain will continue to clear away from our
area. 65) Very heavy rain. 66) Plenty of rain. 67) Record-breaking heat wave. 68) Spots29
1
with clear spells — с прояснениями; spell — короткий период, промежуток
2
with sunny spells — с прояснениями
3
a touch — чуть (употребляется при описании погоды вместо a bit и a little)
4
to crop up — возникать, появляться неожиданно
5
odd — зд.: изредка
6
scattered — местами, syn. in places
7
hefty — обильный
8
nasty — противный
9
overcast — в тучах, облачно
10
welcome — долгожданный
11
severe — свирепый, сильный
12
extreme — экстремальный
13
flooding — проливной, syn. torrential
14
to stay clear — не доходить
15
exceptionally — исключительно
16
to linger — задерживаться
17
precipitation — осадки
18
tremendous — огромный
19
unseasonably — не по сезону
20
gust — порыв ветра
21
to skirt — перемещаться вдоль
22
active — зд.: переменная, изменчивая, неустойчивая
23
squally — шквальный
24
outbreak — внезапное появление
25
blastering — порывистый
26
dreadful — ужасный
27
The sun is out. — Показалось солнце.
28
to abate — утихать
29
spots — отдельные капли
142 Unit 24
of rain. 69) Windy at times. 70) More rain to come. 71) From severe drought1 to severe
flooding2. 72) Beneficial3 rain to clean up the air. 73) A lot of rainfall. 74) Hurricane
downgraded4 to a tropical storm. 75) Torrential downpour.5 76) Bright skies. 77) Show-
ers, some of them quite potent. 78) Some breezy conditions. 79) Overcast with sunny
spells. 80) Visibility6 on the low side. 81) Frost on the grass.7 82) We are going to see
quite a bit8 of cloud. 83) Rain hugging the coast9. 84) Dry and bright. 85) Showers more
intermittent10. 86) Some chances of snowfall. 87) Cloudy and wet. 88) More precipita-
tion. 89) Wind easing off. 90) A good deal of sunshine. 91) Drought spreading through-
out the region. 92) A bit of a heat wave. 93) The risk of some tornados. 94) Scorching
heat11. 95) Heavy downpours at times. 96) Spectacular12 thunderstorms. 97) Torrential
rain. 98) Cool and breezy. 99) The heaviest rainstorm. 100) One or two scattered show-
ers can’t be ruled out. 101) Showers will fade away13. 102) More cloud can develop,
especially inland. 103) Heavy showers are likely to develop. 104) A few isolated show-
ers. 105) More (consistent14) rainfall. 106) The cloud clearing by Friday. 107) Exces-
sive15 rainfall. 108) Largely16 dry. 109) Very unstable weather. 110) An overcast17 early
morning. 111) Wet weather on the way. 112) Showers could be on the heavy side.
113) Heavy outpours18. 114) Brisk19 weather. 115) Snow flurries20 are expected overnight.
116) Traces21 of rainfall. 117) A glorious day with sunshine and few showers. 118) Some
pretty wet weather. 119) A snowy day. 120) Snow in high elevations22. 121) The wind to
shift23 a little bit. 122) Weather pretty benign24. 123) Quite a bit25 of cloud. 124) Bitterly
1
drought [drat] — засуха
2
flooding — наводнение
3
beneficial — полезный, зд.: такой необходимый
4
to downgrade — понижать (категорию, разряд)
5
torrential downpour — проливной дождь, ливень
6
visibility — видимость
7
frost on the grass, syn. grass frost — заморозки на почве
8
quite a bit, syn. quite a lot — немало
9
hugging the coast — вдоль побережья
10
intermittent — спорадический, время от времени, зд.: чередующийся с сухой погодой
11
scorching heat — палящий зной
12
spectacular — внезапный
13
to fade away — ослабевать, сходить на нет
14
consistent — зд.: постоянный
15
excessive — обильный
16
largely — преимущественно, в основном, syn. predominantly
17
overcast — пасмурный
18
outpour — ливень
19
brisk — холодно при ясном небе
20
snow flurries — порывы ветра со снегом
21
traces — минимальное количество
22
elevation — возвышенность
23
to shift — зд.: изменять направление
24
benign [bnan] — мягкая
25
quite a bit — немало
Weather 143
cold weather. 125) Adverse1 weather. 126) Wind of gale2 force. 127) Gusty3 wind.
128) Hefty4 showers. 129) A scattering5 of showers. 130) Heavy thundery6 rain
/showers/ downpour. 131) A very chilly7 wind. 132) The heat is going to abate.
133) Sleet.8 134) Snowfall. 135) Icy roads9, very slippery10. 136) Hot and humid11.
137) Seas moderate to choppy12. 138) Runways13 iced over14. 139) Relatively mild.
140) Torrential rains to continue into Sunday. 141) The wind will continue to ease.
142) A few isolated showers. 143) Showery and breezy. 144) Fair wind. 145) Foul15 wind.
146) Partly cloudy skies. 147) Prevailing16 NW17 wind. 148) Increasing wind gusts up to
70 km/hr. 149) On the breezy side. 150) Might be a bit chilly. 151) Precipitation above
the average18. 152) Thundery19 downpours. 153) Heavier showers likely. 154) Devastating20
tornadoes. 155) Gale force winds. 156) High winds to continue. 157) The rain is ex-
pected to ease up21. 158) Harsh22 winds. 159) Heavy rain and high wind. 160) Warming up.
161) Fairly pretty heavy rain. 162) Weather front23 bringing more showers. 163) Rough
weather. 164) Scattered heavy downpours. 165) Heat will continue to build. 166) Waves
of rainfall. 167) Unsettled picture. 168) Dry conditions and high wind. 169) Exception-
ally dry. 170) Plenty of showers. 171) Heavy amounts of rainfall. 172) The usual crop of
showers. 173) Improved weather. 174) Pretty nasty showers. 175) Pretty intense heat.
176) Heat wave. 177) Pieces of rain. 178) Outbreaks of rain. 179) An exceptional amount
of rain. 180) The heat continues here. 181) We are in a belt of wet weather. 182) Unset-
tled24 day. 183) Plenty of sunshine. 184) We’ll be seeing a lot of rain.
1
adverse — отвратительная
2
gale — буря, шторм
3
gusty — порывистый
4
hefty — очень сильный
5
scattering — отдельные, местами
6
thundery — с громом, грозовые
7
chilly — прохладный
8
sleet — снег с дождем
9
icy roads — гололедица
10
slippery — скользко
11
humid — влажно, humidity — влажность
12
choppy — неспокойное, с волнами
13
runway — взлетно-посадочная полоса
14
iced over — обледеневший, покрытый ледяной коркой
15
foul — зд.: с дождем и/или снегом
16
to prevail — преобладать
17
NW — north-westerly
18
average — средний
19
thundery — с громом
20
devastating — опустошительный
21
to ease up — ослабевать
22
harsh — резкий
23
weather front — атмосферный фронт
24
unsettled — неустойчивый
144 Unit 24
Exercise 8. These clippings contain two diametrically opposite approaches to weath-

er forecasts, an official and an unofficial one. Read and translate them (use a diction-
ary where necessary).
from XENOPHOBE’S GUIDE TO THE SCOTS
The weather
It’s a good idea to have a comment may be, “Aye, but not so windy.” Or you
on the weather ready, in case you talk to may choose to start with the wind, or lack
someone, or someone talks to you. The of it: “It’s a nice, fresh breeze”, to which the
weather is a constant topic of conver- reply may be, “Aye, a grand day.” On days
sation, which is remarkable given that when it is both wet and windy, people
Scotland only offers two main types of just look at one another from under their
weather, wet or dry, with the sub-attrib- rain-hats, and say: “Oh, my!”
utes of windy or not windy. However, Fine rain, or a steady drizzle, is re-
the permutations offered by these con- ferred to as ‘Scotch mist’ and a well-
ditions are quite enough for meaningful known piece of weather law runs: ‘If you
communication. can’t see Ben Nevis, it means it’s raining.
A visitor may make the opening gam- If you can see Ben Nevis, it means it’s
bit: “A bit wet today”, to which the reply about to rain.’
THE NEW YORK TIMES 6.10.2011, p. A31
Metropolitan Forecast
TODAY. Sunny, cool, breezy result in a beautiful day, with an abun-
High 66. A cooler air mass from east- dance of sunshine. After a chilly start,
ern Canada will spread over the area, so the afternoon will be comfortable.
temperatures will be a bit lower than they SATURDAY. Pleasant and warmer
were yesterday. There will be a good deal A sprawling high pressure system will
of sunshine, with a brisk breeze. remain over the region for the weekend.
TONIGHT. Mostly clear, cool This day will be beautiful, with an
Low 49. A chilly night is coming up abundance of sunshine, a warmer after-
under a clear sky. The breeze will be- noon and a light to gentle breeze.
come light, allowing for maximum over-
SUNDAY
night cooling. Some of the colder sub-
MONDAY. Mostly sunny, warm
urbs will have lows in the 30s.
The great weather will continue as
TOMORROW. Mostly sunny and nice high pressure remains. Both days will be
High 67. A large area of high pressure mostly sunny and warm, with high tem-
will take control of the weather. This will peratures around 80 degrees.
Weather 145
THE NEW YORK TIMES 6.10.2011, p. A31
National Forecast
Unsettled weather will continue around Sunshine will be found across the
the Northeast today as the center of Plains as high pressure remains in con-
the low remains off the coastline. As trol. Much of the West will remain sea-
more clouds and showers expand sonably warm. Showers and thunder-
across the region, the steadiest rain storms will dot the Four Corners Region
will be confined to northern New Eng- and the Rockies as tropical moisture
land. surges from the south. As a storm ap-
Cold winds will usher cool air into proaches from the Pacific Ocean, clouds
the Ohio Valley, southern Appalachians will begin to move into the Northwest.
and mid-Atlantic states. The cool air will Showers may occur along the coast by
reach as far south as central Florida. the afternoon.

1. What four types of weather are usually mentioned by speakers in Scotland?
2. What does Britain’s highest mountain have to do with weather forecasts?
3. What city and country do the Metropolitan and the National Forecasts refer to? How
do you know?
4. Do the figures 66, 49, 30, 67 and 80 refer to the Celsius or to the Fahrenheit scale?
Exercise 9. Read and translate these forecasts and reports about current tempera-
tures (T). Use a dictionary where necessary.
1) Well above average T. (T. well above the average.) 2) T. will climb to the upper fourties.
3) T. here will be in the low teens. 4) 29 degrees Celsius, that is 84 in Fahrenheit. 5) T. still
holding in the mid- to high teens. 6) T. into single figures. 7) T. in the mid-twenties.
8) T. will be dropping a touch. 9) T. well into the twenties and thirties. 10) T. going to
middle and high teens. 11) T. up in the high thirties. Glaciers are melting. 12) T. will
take a tumble. 13) T. well below average. 14) T. will plunge. 15) Cooler T. are expected.
16) T. not as high as recently. 17) T. recover. 18) T. in the mid-upper twenties. 19) T. are
continuing to climb. 20) T. expected to gradually go up again. 21) T. will drop. 22) T. in the
upper single digits. 23) Warm T. are in store. 24) Unseasonably warm T. 25) T. on the de-
cline. 26) T. in the low to mid-twenties. 27) T. five degrees below the average. 28) T. twen-
ty degrees or better. 29) T. a good four-five degrees above (the) average. 30) T. bolstered.
31) T. (drop to) below freezing. 32) T. cooling to 11 Celsius. 33) Southerly wind lifting
up the T. 34) Taking the edge off the T. 35) T. will be exceeding the mid-40s. 36) T. ap-
146 Unit 24
proaching 30 degrees. 37) T. in the high eighties and early nineties. 38) T. can top 47° C.
39) T. will be in the upper twenties. 40) T. into the mid- and lower thirties. 41) T. are set
to rise. 42) T. on the rise. 43) The T. are still above average. 44) Current T. 45) T. still in the
high thirties, low forties. 46) Soaring T. 47) Subzero T. 48) T. getting progressively cooler.
49) T. will plunge again. 50) T. on the drop. 51) A drop in T. 52) T. soar as far as 40 de-
grees in summer. 53) T. are going in the right direction. 54) T. pretty mild. 55) T. subzero.
56) T. hovering around 20 degrees. 57) T. returning to normal. 58) T. below freezing.
59) Very cool T. 60) T. will drop by day and by night. 61) T. well below forties. 62) T. cool-
ing off. 63) T. a little above average. 64) T. into the high twenties. 65) T. going from the
upper teens to medium and lower twenties. 66) T. remain in double figures. 67) T. lifting
to 20 degrees. 68) Top T. 69) T. will fall by several degrees. 70) Overnight T. are close
to freezing. 71) T. will fall below the freezing point. 72) T. are beginning to pick up.
73) Leaking hot T. 74) T. easing from 40 degrees to 29. 75) T. hotting up. 76) T. staying
below freezing. 77) T. ten to fifteen degrees below average. 78) T. plunged. 79) T. gradu-
ally recovering. 80) T. rocketing. 81) Record-breaking T. 82) T. drop dramatically/sharply.
83) T. struggling to get into double figures. 84) T. back to normal. 85) T. in excess of 40° C.
Exercise 10. Which of these 5 things about temperature you did know?1
Five things you never knew about… temperature

WILLIAM HARTSTON
1. The highest temperature ever re- 4. The word ‘temperature’ originally

corded in the shade was 57.8 oC referred to the action of ‘temper-
(136F) in Libya on September 13, ing’, or mixing. It then came to
1922. be used of’temperate’ climates,
2. The average temperature on Mars where hot and cold are sensibly
is –63 oC. mixed, then finally took its modern
3. The insect known as the tempera- sense.
ture cricket is so called because 5. The average temperature at the
you can calculate the temperature North Pole is –18 oC and at the
from its rate of chirping. South Pole it is –50 oC.
1
Ср.: Which of these 5 things did you know? (вы знали?), Which of these 5 things you did know
(вы все же знали?)
Weather 147
Exercise 11. Which English adjectives, ‘strong’ or ‘heavy’, would you use to trans-
late «сильный дождь» and «сильный ветер»? Check your translation with a dic-
tionary.
Exercise 12. There is plenty to talk about weatherwise1. Read, translate2 and memo-
rise these short dialogues. Practice them with your comrades.
1. A: It is clouding over. A gloomy day. Going to rain?
B: Looks like it. Anyway, they forecast outbreaks of rain. But the rains will ease soon.
2. A: What a glorious day!
B: Yes, isn’t it? Nice-looking weather. Some decent spells of sunshine.
A: High pressure means another hot day.
B: We shall stay in this weather for the next couple of days. A wonderful day weath-
erwise.
3. A: Isn’t it hot!
B: Isn’t it! Clear skies. Cloud easing away. Great weather.
A: Mostly sunny skies, with the odd shower. And then the sunshine comes through
again.
B: It doesn’t get this hot usually at this time of year.
A: The hottest October day on record. London leaks in the sunshine. Climate change?
B: Big temperature contrast. Unseasonably hot weather. But the area could take
a shower or two.
4. A: The destructive storm has weakened.
B: Yes, today is in huge contrast to yesterday’s downpour.
A: Fingers crossed, the sun will pop out and it will soon get dry.
B: A break in the weather. It’s drying up and hotting up.
5. A: Very warm for this time of year.
B: It is, isn’t it? Still the weather is pretty unsettled. Changes in the wind direction.
Fickle weather.
A: The cold wind will bring quite a break in the weather.
6. A: Please forgive us for this cold summer.
B: Why should I? I can’t hold you responsible for it.
A: Do you go in for a swim?
B: No, only occasionally for a dip.
A: Beware of swimming in this cold water. Your leg may start cramping. Besides, when
you get out you can catch cold in the wind. Hypothermia. The chilling effect, you
know. Small wonder, with these squally winds.
B: What’s the weather update?
A: Pretty unsettled weather. We may be catching one or two showers. Have an um-
brella handy.
1
weatherwise — в отношении погоды
2
Make use of exercise 13.
148 Unit 24
7. A. (to B who has got out of the water): That must be very invigorating.
B: It is.
A: Do you do it regularly?
B: Only when sea temperature is bearable. Today it is. And winds remain light.
A: But you must be cold. Look at you goose-pimpled skin.
8. A: Why do we English always talk about the weather?
B: We hate it when it rains. We hate it when it’s hot.
A: Alas, the heat is now building.
B: But the rain season is fast approaching.
9. A: How do you like this weather?
B: It’s normal weather for this time of year. A hint of spring in the air. Sunshine by
day, frost by night.
A: Still a little on the cool side for this time of year. In the evening, winter chill returns.
10. A: What’s the weather doing?
B: It’s getting colder with every passing day. It’s cold by day, and it’s cold by night. Bit-
ter weather. I’m afraid we are facing a sudden early arrival of winter. Snow seems
to be on the cards. The first snowfall of the season.
A: Hopefully, we’ll see fine weather soon.
11. A: It’s a break in the weather.
B: Yes, it’s a touch warmer. Decent looking weather for this time of year. No storms to
report. Almost spring-like.
A: But still it’s sprinkling on us now.
12. A: We’ve had a crop of showers for three days in a row.
B: Yes, the weather is a bit off.
A: The forecast says there is more disappointing weather to come. There are some
hefty showers in store for us.
B: Alas, unsettled weather remains in place. We are looking at more rain. No wonder.
We are in the thick of the rainy season. So some rainfall is imminent. There’s even
flood risk.
A: Yes, our area is prone to flooding. People are bracing for flood.
13. A: A touch cooler.
B: Yes, a little on the cool side. Northerly wind.
A: It is. But it is warming up. The weather will slowly begin to improve. It will be sun-
nier by Sunday.
14. A: Quite warm for this time of year. For quite a few years we have had extremely
warm winters.
B: It’s quite pleasant today. Fine and dry. Hopefully, the weather holds.
A: But it was very wet yesterday. Who knows? Maybe it’s calm before the storm.
15. A: A torrential downpour! A regular washout.
B: First rain event in a month.
A: But it’s pretty unpleasant walking home in pouring rain.
Weather 149
B: Did you hear the flood warning? Severe floods are forecast.
A: Small wonder. The rains are just beginning to show their hand. There is more rain
on the cards.
16. A: Nasty weather.
B: Couldn’t be worse. But still winter weather is easing here.
A: Elsewhere it is bitterly cold. Things are likely to cool off.
17. A: It poured with rain all afternoon. Heavy rain continues to be a nuisance.
B: But the forecast for tomorrow is good. The weather will pick up.
A: The rain is coming down, but it is already easing.
18. A: Yesterday was very hot.
B: The temperature was 32° in the shade and 41° in the sunshine.
A: Yes, the heat was intense. Some people like it. They bask in the sun.
B: But I’d rather not sit under a searing sun. Exposure to sunlight is too risky. What
we need is rain.
A: Still it’s not so awful as in the Sahara Desert. It’s searing heat there now. A vast area
was affected by drought. The drought left thousands of people without drinking
water and suffering from food shortages.
B: How do they classify it? The drought, I mean. As weak, moderate, severe, extreme,
exceptional?
A: Ask me another. So far we are still under a drought. Hopefully, Mother Nature will
cooperate and the drought will soon be over.
19. A: Is the weather fair or foul where you live?
B: Last autumn it was something awful. Winds were howling at 30 m a second. The
storm damage was high.
A: How was it classified? A named storm? A hurricane? A major hurricane?
B: Search me. It was something terrible. That’s all that matters.
20. A: Nippy, isn’t it?
B: They say it’ll be sunny tomorrow. But a cold snap approaches.
A: Looks like we’re in for a cold snap. Pretty cool for this time of year. Haven’t seen
snow like that in decades. But you’ll brave the cold, won’t you?
21. A: (to B who has got out of the water): How was it?
B: The water is warmer than the air, but the sea is too choppy for swimming.
A: But not as rough as last week.
22. A: Good morning.
B: ’Morning.
A: Dry at the moment.
B: Yes, isn’t it?
A: Where are the seasonal showers?
B: Wait and see. The afternoon may be quite showery. Rain is already pushing into Dorset.
23. A: The hurricane is heading to our city.
B: Sure, we are right in its path. Last night two cities to the south were pummelled
by wind and torrential rain. The rainfall was well above the average. They got
150 Unit 24
a month’s worth of rainfall. The deadly hurricane left many homes without
power.
A: There are some areas west of our city affected by the storm.
B: I wonder how long the superstorm will last. Is there any light on the horizon?
A: Afraid not. You know it never rains but it pours. There will be more rain to con-
tend with. A dramatic thunderstorm, perhaps. We may be catching quite a few
downpours.
24. A: Ours is an area of low pressure.
B: Yes, although it isn’t raining, but the fog is so thick you could almost cut it with
a knife.
25. A: Europe freezes. There are layers of ice on everything. It’s unreasonably cold.
B: The big freeze will continue. Winter is here to stay.
A: Yes, the bitter cold has tightened its grip. It’s a deadly deep freeze.
B: There are huge problems with the cold. The impact of freezing temperatures is aw-
ful. Plenty of homeless have been killed by exposure. Lots of patients with severe
frostbite were taken to hospital. Their toes and fingers are blackened by frostbite.
A: Their existence is at the mercy of the weather.
B: Brutal weather. The airport is paralysed by the coldest snap in decades. An unusual
snow storm thrashing Scotland.
26. A: The snowfall was heaviest ever recorded.
B: Yes, biggest snowfall in years. The city is snowbound.
A: What is worse, some snowploughs in our city got stuck.
B: Heathrow had to cut a third of its flights. It’s no longer accepting flights.
27. A: I got caught in the rain.
B: Come in! You’re drenched.
Exercise 13. Find in the dialogues above the English equivalents of these Russian
words, phrases and sentences:
Дождь лил всю вторую половину дня; Погода улучшится; Будем надеяться, такая
погода сохранится; Как погода?; Не промокни; прекрасный день; Это, должно быть,
очень бодрит; три дня подряд; похоже; чуть потеплее; Нет, только иногда окунаюсь;
температура в тени; Я не могу считать вас ответственным за него; Перемена пого-
ды; В других местах ужасно холодно; Льёт как из ведра; с каждым днем; Погода не-
много испортилась; Похоже, что будет похолодание; Прохладно, правда?; перемена
погоды; неудивительно (2 варианта); Противная погода; в разгар сезона дождей;
частые мелкие дожди; Дожди только начинаются; Спроси чего полегче; Похоже на
весну; Но все же накрапывает дождик; У вас могут начаться судороги в ноге; что
касается погоды; под рукой; Ты промок насквозь; Мрачный день; Люди готовятся
к наводнению; под проливным дождем; Уже много лет у нас очень тёплые зимы;
не по сезону; температура на солнце; Ты ходишь плавать; холодно днем; чуть про-
хладнее; простудиться на ветру; Но прогноз на завтра хороший; они нежатся на
солнце; Но из-за волн трудно плавать; Будем надеяться, что выглянет солнышко;
Небо заволакивают тучи; Есть ли просветы?; Первый дождь за месяц; отдельные
Weather 151
кратковременные паводки; затишье перед бурей; Раз давление высокое, опять бу-
дет жаркий день; месячная норма осадков; Пришла беда — отворяй ворота; «гу-
синая» кожа; Много домов осталось без электричества; жара усиливается; паля-
щее солнце; В воздухе пахнет весной; изменчивая погода; Ураган движется прямо
к нашему городу; Немного холодновато; Бурь пока нет; Похоже, что дожди будут
продолжаться; Солнце пробивается сквозь тучи; холодновато; самый жаркий день
в октябре за всю историю наблюдений; изменение климата; Осадков выпало на-
много больше средней нормы; В Лондоне на солнце люди обливались пóтом; Что
происходит с погодой?; В городе снежные заносы; обморожение; слои льда; паль-
цы рук и ног; Боюсь, что нет; Хуже не бывает; переохлаждение; Понятия не имею;
Аэропорту Хитроу пришлось отменить треть рейсов; Много бездомных замёрзли;
Некоторые снегоуборочные машины застряли в снегу; Из-за самого резкого похо-
лодания за последние десятилетия работа аэропорта парализована.
Exercise 14. Do the same as in exercise 12. This time it is a dialogue about floods.
1. A: What’s the weather situation?
B: The hurricane has been downgraded to a tropical storm.
A: Call it whatever you please — tropical storm, monsoon or typhoon — it is relent-
less. It tore through the region in its path bringing downpours. The rain has been
bucketing down for three days. The water is coming down in torrents.
B: As a result, the water has been rising. Most rivers have turned into swollen torrents.
Some are overflowing with water.
A: Yes, some swollen rivers have burst their banks. Very few areas are staying dry, most
are covered in water. The end of the bridge is already submerging. The flood water
is advancing.
B: The area near where my cousins live is flooded. Some areas are already inaccessible.
A big surge of water is about to cover the rest. Rain has forced people to flee their
homes. Trying to escape these waters.
A: Small wonder. A long stretch of land there lies below sea level and naturally it is
waterlogged. Waterlogged land can’t absorb any more. The legacy of the tropical
storm may be terrible.
B: Yes, it is one of the worst affected areas hit hard by floods.
A: Ours is also vulnerable to flooding. So far our town has been spared the worst of the
flooding. But the ground is already saturated. The water is coming. It keeps getting
closer. Some roads are rapidly being submerged.
B: Flood waters have reached exceptionally high levels. They are creeping into the out-
skirts of our town. Before long, it may be inundated by floods. Yesterday the water
hit a new high. People may have to abandon their homes.
A: To cope with the severe flooding and keep the water in, flood defences are being built.
B: Defensive barriers with sandbags?
A: Right. To hold back floods, the protective barriers are getting ever higher, ever larg-
er. Hopefully, they will hold and keep the water out of the town.
B: Flood protection walls should have been raised to withstand the rising waters and hold
them back. We should do all we can to control the deluge, to battle the flood. However,
in some countries defensive barriers proved no match to powerful flood waters.
152 Unit 24
A: This is the worst flooding in decades. There hasn’t been one like it in recent memory.
The water seems unstoppable. The full extent of the flooding is still unpredictable.
B: It’s expected to get worse than last year’s devastating flood. The rainfall toll was
something awful. One day we had 40 millimeters of rain. Remember?
A: Don’t I just! Most of the area was hit by heavy flooding, most roads flooded, people
trapped in their flooded homes. Others left their homes and were desperately mak-
ing their way to higher ground. Taking what they can and heading for high ground.
Yet others were forced up on the roofs. To move them to higher ground, some
were airlifted to safety in helicopters. Others were left stranded by flooding waters.
Numerous attempts were made to rescue stranded residents. In inundated areas,
the deluge was wreaking havoc. It sure was exceptional flooding. Concrete barriers
were pushed by the swelling waters. Some buildings crumbled. Luckily, after a fort-
night or so, the rivers slowly started to go down and the flood water subsided. But
the floods left many people destitute.
B: In neighbouring areas, there were flash floods. Some roads were blocked by fallen
down trees. The water is showing no signs of abating.
2. A: What are the flood waters doing? Do the floods linger on? Is the water rising or
receding?
B: The water level is falling. Flood water should start to recede next week. Some water
has been pumped out. So the flood alert may soon be called off.
A: But who knows? We may again be catching some heavy rain. So more flooding can’t
be ruled out.
Exercise 15. Do the same as in Exercise 13.
Паводок должен пойти на убыль; Но не исключена возможность новых наводне-
ний; примерно через две недели; удержать воду в пределах русла реки; кратковре-
менные затопления; залит водой; насколько помнится; категория нашего ненастья
была снижена от «урагана» до «тропического шторма»; справиться с наводнением;
деревни оказались в кольце затопления; быстро уходят под воду; Люди оказались
отрезанными; дамбы; легко может быть затоплен; большая волна; муссон; потоп;
затопленные районы; вышли из берегов; к счастью; уровень воды в реках понем-
ногу начал спадать; защитные сооружения против затопления; полный масштаб
непредсказуем; беспощадный; были вынуждены забраться на крышу; тайфун;
пропитавшийся водой; вот-вот накроет остальные районы; опустошительные на-
воднения; «Помните?» — «Еще бы»; вода подступает; некоторые здания рухнули;
на своём пути; не смогли выбраться из-за наводнения; переброшены по воздуху
в безопасные места на вертолётах; дороги перекрыты поваленными деревьями;
Как там дела с погодой?; Похоже, воду невозможно остановить; наносит ущерб;
Он может быть затоплен; Наводнение распространяется по окраинам нашего го-
рода; Вода подступает всё ближе; один из районов, наиболее пострадавших от на-
воднения; мощные потоки; затоплен; недоступный; находится ниже уровня моря;
уходит под воду; достигла рекордного уровня; Уровень воды понижается; не ис-
пытал всех ужасов наводнения; Паводок держится?; Дождь лил как из ведра в те-
чение трех дней; уровень воды не спадает; не устояли перед мощным паводком;
лишили многих крова и средств к существованию.
Weather 153
Exercise 16. Which of these 5 things about sunshine you never knew?
Five things you never knew about… sunshine

WILLIAM HARTSTON
1. Yuma in the Arizona desert is said to 3. Light from the Sun takes an average of
be the sunniest place on Earth with 499 seconds to reach Earth.
about 4,174 hours of sunshine a year
4. Sunshine lets the body produce Vita-
out of 4,456 hours of daylight.
min D, whose health benefits far out-
2. Eastbourne, Hastings and Shanklin, weigh the dangers.
Isle of Wight, are arguing about which
5. Florida in the USA and Queensland in
is the UK’s sunniest.
Australia are both known as the Sun-
shine State.
THE SUN 23.7.2011, p.21
123 °F
US killer scorcher
A DEADLY heatwave is sweeping the Forecasters say it could end up

US — with temperatures soaring to worse than the 1995 Chicago heatwave
a staggering 51° С (123 °F). that led to 750 deaths.
Twenty-two people, most of them Wayne Rooney, on tour with Man
elderly, have been reported dead. Utd, tweeted: “Landed in Chicago. Gon-
The heat was worst in the Midwest na be hard playing in this heat. Hard
and south, including Illinois, Wisconsin, enough walking in it.”
Indiana, Texas and Iowa, where it hit 51 °C.

1. How far from the world record (Exercise 10) are temperatures recorded in the US?
2. How many casualties were there?
3. Where was the heat worst?
154 Unit 24
SUNDAY EXPRESS 1.9.2011, p.20
Can we really control the weather?
By Anna Pukas
The last Olympic hosts decided not to They did it with a process known
chance it. Press coverage in the lead-up as cloud seeding where particles of
to the Beijing Olympics of 2008 was full silver iodide contained in rockets or
of concerns about the heat, the humid- military shells were fired into clouds
ity and the smog. or dropped into them from aircraft.
So the Chinese took matters in hand. The silver iodide particles (dry ice also
Come the opening ceremony, Beijing works) attract and hold water from the
basked in sunshine and cloudless skies. surrounding environment, creating
Rather than leave the weather in the lap larger water droplets which duly fell
of the gods, the Chinese simply created sooner than they would have if left to
the weather they wanted to have. nature.

1. Where was cloud seeding used on a large scale?
2. What does it consist in?
What do you think of the French company’s idea? Is it practicable1? If not, why?
DAILY ECHO 15.7. 2009, p. 14
Those pennies from heaven...
A FRENCH company has come up with If it rains over a stated amount of

the frankly brilliant idea of weather in- time (for example four days in one
surance for your holiday. week), you can claim back part of the
cost of your trip.
1
practicable — осуществимый, реальный
Weather 155
Exercise 19. Forecast does not always go to plan, that is it may not be accurate
enough. Read and translate these clippings criticizing the forecasters (use a diction-
ary where necessary).
DAILY MAIL 2.9.2011, p.5
Why the weather forecast isn’t really wrong...

it’s just too short
By Fiona MacRae
Science Correspondent
YOU might think TV weather forecasts First it predicted a ‘barbecue sum-

are always wrong, but the chances are mer’, saying it was ‘quite optimistic’ the
they are right, according to a leading weather would be warmer and drier
meteorologist. than average. Although indeed warm-
The problem is that they are too er, July and August were also a wash-
short for weathermen to give sufficient out.
details, often leaving viewers with the The agency then appeared to be tak-
impression they are wrong. en by surprise by the onset of the cold-
In fact, short-term weather predic- est winter for more than 30 years.
tions are more accurate than ever, says In its defence, it says that while short-
Alan Thorpe, former head of the Met term forecasts are extremely accurate,
Office’s climate change arm. And weath- Britain’s size and geographical position
ermen would be able to reflect this bet- make long-term predictions much more
ter if TV forecasts were longer, allowing challenging.
them to go into more detail. The BBC has recently come under
The Met Office stopped broadcast- fire for not including enough ‘facts’ in
ing its long-range summer and winter its forecasts, instead filling them with
forecasts after the double embarrass- information about sporting events and
ment of two wildly wrong predictions whether to turn on the heating.
in 2009.
This time the questions to answer are:

1. Are short-term weather predictions accurate enough?
2. What about long-range forecasts?
3. What was wrong there and why?
4. What information in the forecasts is unnecessary?
5. What is the future of the Met office?
156 Unit 24
MPs to probe the weather beaten Met Office

By Nathan Rao
THE Met Office is facing an investigation The Met Office was criticised for not
by MPs following the “barbecue sum- warning in advance of the exceptionally
mer” fiasco which led to the withdrawal cold start to last winter. Andrew Miller,
of long-term forecasts. chairman of the committee, said: “Fish-
The Science and Technology Com- ermen and the Navy praise the service,
mittee will look at how effectively the of- other people planning their barbecues
fice runs its public weather service remit complain.
after a number of woeful predictions. “If the Government give the go-
The “barbecue” prediction in 2009 ahead for it to be privatised, we need to
sparked an outcry after the summer be ahead of the curve,” he added.
turned into a washout. And a forecast Julia Slingo, Met Office chief scientist,
for a “mild winter” came before the Big said: “Our world renowned science ensures
Freeze later that year. that we are consistently ranked in the top
two national met services in the world.”

1. What investigation was the Met Office facing?
2. What did the Met Office chief scientist say?
DAILY MAIL 2.7.2011, p. 15
JUST GIVE US THE WEATHER, PLEASE

BBC forecasters rapped for overdoing the chat
By Paul Revoir, Television Correspondent
MOST listeners, it seems, just want Among the phrases seen as preten-
their weather reports to tell them if it tious or nonsensical were ‘a weather
is going to rain. front sitting down’, ‘a sandwich of weath-
But instead, they complain, the BBC er today’ and ‘a little ribbon of cloud flirt-
has turned the daily forecast into a pre- ing with the South West’.
tentious and time-wasting exercise, Other issues which have irritated
which ends up irritating rather than in- listeners include presenters’ advice on
forming. which type of clothing to wear.

1. What is it the most listeners dislike about the weather reports?
2. What phrases were seen as pretentious or nonsensical?
Weather 157
Exercise 20. Read and translate these excerpts about the English nation’s favourite
topic (use a dictionary where necessary).
Our conversations about the weather are not really about the weather at all:
English weather-speak is a form of code, evolved to help us overcome our natu-
ral reserve and actually talk to each other. Everyone knows, for example, that ‘Nice
day, isn’t it?’, ‘Ooh, isn’t it cold?’, ‘Still raining, eh?’ and other variations on the theme
are not requests for meteorological data: they are ritual greetings, conversation-
starters or default ‘fillers’. In fact, ‘Ooh, isn’t it cold?’ — like ‘Nice day, isn’t it?’ and all
the others — is English code for ‘I’d like to talk to you — will you talk to me?’, or, if
you like, simply another way of saying ‘hello’. Under the rules of weather-speak, all
you are required to say is ‘Mm, yes, isn’t it?’ or some other equally meaningless ritual
response, which is code for ‘Yes, I’ll talk to you/greet you’. By failing to respond at
all, you would commit a minor breach of etiquette, effectively conveying the rather
discourteous message ‘No, I will not exchange greetings with you’. It would be very
rude to respond to ‘Ooh, isn’t it cold?’ with ‘No, actually, it’s quite mild’.
An appropriate response to ‘Ooh, isn’t it cold?’, if you find you really cannot simply
agree, would be ‘Yes, but I really rather like this sort of weather — quite invigorating,
don’t you think?’ or ‘Yes, but you know I don’t tend to notice the cold much — this
feels quite warm to me’. Note that both of these responses start with an expression
of agreement, even though in the second case this is followed by a blatant self-con-
tradiction: ‘Yes... this feels quite warm to me.’ It is perfectly acceptable to contradict
oneself in this manner, etiquette being far more important than logic, but if you truly
cannot bring yourself to start with the customary ‘Yes’, this may be replaced by a pos-
itive-sounding ‘Mmm’ accompanied by a nod — still an expression of agreement, but
rather less emphatic.
Even better would be the traditional mustn’t-grumble response: ‘Yes [or Mmm-
with-nod], but at least it’s not raining.’ If you have a liking for cold weather, or do not
find it cold, this response virtually guarantees that you and your shivering acquaint-
ance will reach happy agreement.
There is an unofficial English weather hierarchy to which almost everyone sub-
scribes. In descending order, from best to worst, the hierarchy is as follows:
• sunny and warm/mild
• sunny and cool/cold
• cloudy and warm/mild
• cloudy and cool/cold
• rainy and warm/mild
• rainy and cool/cold
So, unless the weather is both rainy and cold, you always have the option of a ‘But
at least it’s not ...’ response.
158 Unit 24
An equally acceptable, and more positive, response to weather at the lower end
of the hierarchy is to predict imminent improvement. In response to ‘Awful weather,
isn’t it?’, you can say ‘Yes, but they say it’s going to clear up this afternoon.’
Snow is not mentioned in the hierarchy partly because it is relatively rare, com-
pared to the other types of weather included, which occur all the time, often all
in the same day. Snow is also socially and conversationally a special and awkward
case, as it is aesthetically pleasing, but practically inconvenient. It is always simul-
taneously exciting and worrying. Snow is thus always excellent conversation-fod-
der, but it is only universally welcomed if it falls at Christmas, which it almost never
does. We continue to hope that it will, however, and every year the high-street
bookmakers relieve us of thousands of pounds in ‘white Christmas’ bets.
While we may spend much of our time moaning about our weather, foreign-
ers are not allowed to criticize it. In this respect, we treat the English weather like
a member of our family: one can complain about the behaviour of one’s own chil-
dren or parents, but any hint of censure from an outsider is unacceptable, and very
bad manners.

1. Why do the English often start a conversation with a question about the weather?
2. How are you expected to respond?
3. How would failure to respond be interpreted?
4. What if you cannot agree?
5. What is an unofficial English weather hierarchy?
6. Why isn’t snow mentioned there?
7. What should foreigners bear in mind when speaking with the English about the Eng-
lish weather?
Exercise 21. Forecasts can also be given in colour and by means of symbols. Read and
translate the legend. Which colour is a warning of an approaching storm and which
says you are to take precautions (меры предосторожности)?
No severe weather Be aware
Be prepared Take action
Rain Wind Ice
Snow Fog
Weather 159
Exercise 22. Read and translate these tips from “The How to be British collection” (use
a dictionary where necessary). Which conversation starter would you use and why?1
Elementary
It’s a nice day today, isn’t it?
Intermediate
Bit of a cold wind today, isn’t there?

Looks like we’re in for some rain later.
Advanced
A trough of low pressure is sweeping

down from south-east Iceland, bring-
ing fog and frost to low-lying areas,
with scattered thunderstorms in the
west and a belt of rain, which may fall
as sleet or snow over the Pennines,
moving across the whole country by
tomorrow lunchtime.
1
elementary — для начинающих, intermediate — для среднего уровня, advanced — для про-
двинутого уровня
25
160 Chapter 10 Unit
Moscow and London

public transport
compared
Dialogue
(Moscow. Professor Sokolov, Professor Parkman)
S.: It was very good of you, professor, to agree to have dinner with my family. We could
start for our place at once, if you don’t mind.
P.: Yes, let’s. But I’d rather we didn’t go in a taxi. I should very much like to see your world
famous Metro.
S.: Then we shall take this line to Komsomolskaya and there change on to the Circle. So
we shall have only one change.
P.: How about tickets?
S.: Let me buy a ticket for you.
P.: Thank you. Why didn’t you buy a ticket for yourself?
S.: I have a Travelcard.
P.: What does the notice over the escalator say?
S.: Stand on the right, walk on the left.
P.: The wording is exactly the same as in the London Tube. Another thing we have in
common: the sliding doors open and shut automatically. Trains will not move off until
all the doors are properly closed. But there are lots of things here that are different from
what we are used to in the London Tube.
S.: Such as what?
P.: Take the rule about dogs, for example. In Moscow, dogs are not allowed on the Metro.
In London, you may take your dog on the Underground (and must buy a ticket for it) but
you must carry it on escalators — it is a punishable offence not to do this.
Like here, Londoners are fond of reading newspapers and magazines while travelling by
Underground. But unlike Moscow, they leave the papers they have read on their seats
and on window-sills for other passengers to read. You enter an Underground carriage
and if you have no paper of your own, you pick up one left by a previous passenger, read
it and leave it for next passengers. Thus an Underground carriage looks a bit like a read-
ing room at a public library. It’s a London custom. But that’s the way it is during off-peak
hours. Of course, during peak hours passengers are packed like sardines in a can and very
few have a chance to read.
S.: There are even more striking differences between our buses. Ours are self-service
single-deckers, while yours are double-deckers with conductors.
P.: Not all of them. On some buses, mainly in the suburbs, you must enter by the front
doors and pay the driver. And, by the way, double-deckers can be seen not only in Brit-
Moscow and London public transport compared 161
ain, but in many cities on the continent as well. For instance, in Antwerp, Hamburg,
Lübeck.
S.: In all postcards I saw, London buses are invariably painted red.
P.: Those are central buses. They cover all the main roads throughout central and subur-
ban London. Apart from those, there are green country buses. They cover the roads in the
country around London, in its satellite towns and its country villages.
S.: Are there any trolleybuses or trams left in London?
P.: There is one Tramlink left in southern London. As for trolleybuses, London once had
the largest trolleybus system in the world, with a web of wires and poles stretching almost
40 miles. In 1939, when war broke out, we had more than 4,000 trolleybuses. They were
looked on as transport saviours when they were introduced during the Thirties. How-
ever, the last trolleybuses were replaced by buses in 1962. But if you wish to see our trams
and trolleybuses, you may go to the London Transport Collection of historical vehicles.
There’s a rumour that trolleybuses could return.
S.: Do you mean to tell me that London transport consists exclusively of Underground
trains, buses and a single Tramlink?
P.: Apart from those, there are trains, river buses and Green Line coaches. Coaches are
singledeck buses providing a luxury express coach service, running through and across
the whole London transport area. Green Line coaches are intended primarily for long
distance passengers. Stopping places are therefore less frequent than for buses. All coach-
es run to strict timetables.
S.: How about dogs in buses and coaches?
P.: You may take your dog on the top of a bus or in a Green Line coach, or in a single-deck
bus only if the conductor agrees. And one more thing. Here I noticed many people stand-
ing in buses. In London, standing is not normally allowed in buses or coaches, but during
the rush hours five passengers may stand inside. No one is allowed to stand on the plat-
form or on the upper deck of a bus at any time. The exact times for standing are shown
on the platform of every bus and Green Line coach. There are of course no restrictions
on standing in the Underground, but like here you are asked not to stand near the doors.
S.: There is one thing we forgot: taxis.
P.: Oh, yes. Like here, there is a certain fare ‘on the clock’ (i. e. taxi meter) before you start.
Radio taxi services may be booked by phone. For journeys well out of the centre of town
the driver may ask you to pay the return fare for the empty cab as well.
S.: And the differences?
P.: In London taxis, there are extra charges for more than one person, for large parcels
and for travel late, at certain times and during holidays. Drivers expect a tip of up to 20%
of the total amount on the meter.
Vocabulary notes
apart from — помимо can (AE), BE tin — консервная
bus банка; ср. выше: tinned, canned —
central b. — городской автобус консервированный
country b. — пригородный автобус carriage, AE car — вагон
river b. — речной трамвай change, AE transfer — пересадка, ср. BE
by phone — по телефону interchange — пересадочная станция
cab, syn. taxi(-cab) — такси
162 Unit 25
Vocabulary notes
the Circle — кольцевая линия метро primarily — в первую очередь, прежде
collection — коллекция, собрание всего
(чего-л.) properly — надлежащим образом
to cover — зд.: обслуживать (район) restriction — ограничение
custom — обычай return а, АЕ round-trip — обратный,
’d rather (would rather) — предпочёл бы в оба конца
deck — палуба; зд.: этаж автобуса r. fare — плата за проезд в оба конца
lower d. — нижний этаж rumour — слух
upper d., syn. top d. — верхний этаж rush — спешка
double-decker — двухэтажный sardine — сардина
(автобус) to be packed like sardines in a can —
single-deck — одноэтажный набиваться как сельди в бочке
single-decker — одноэтажный satellite town — город-спутник
(автобус) saviour — спаситель
to have smth in common with smb/ seat — место, сиденье
smth — иметь что-л. общее с кем-л./ self-service — самообслуживание
чем-л. to show — зд.: вывешивать
hour sliding door — задвижная дверь
during off-peak hours — не в часы to start for a place — отправляться
пик куда-л.
peak h., syn. rush h. — час пик stopping place, syn. stop — остановка
to intend smth for smb, syn. to mean to stretch — тянуть(ся), простираться
smth for smb — предназначать что-л. striking — (по)разительный
для кого-л. suburb — пригород
invariably — неизменно suburban — пригородный
link — зд.: соединительная ветка taxi, syn. (taxi-)cab — такси
to look on smth/smb as, syn. to con- throughout London — по всему Лондону
sider, to regard smth/smb as — считать tip — чаевые
что-л./кого-л. чем-л./кем-л. top; syn. upper deck — зд.: верхний этаж
luxury п — роскошь; а — автобуса
комфортабельный tramlink — трамвайная линия
magazine — журнал Travelcard — единый билет
(развлекательный), ср.: journal — tube, syn. underground — лондонское
специальный журнал метро
meter — счетчик unlike — в отличие от
taxi m., infml syn. clock — счётчик war broke out — разразилась война
такси web — паутина; сеть
to move off — трогаться с места, worldwide web (www) — Всемирная
отправляться паутина (Интернет)
on the right — справа well out of the centre — далеко от центра
parcel — посылка, зд.: багаж window-sill — подоконник
to pick up — поднимать, брать wire — провод
platform — платформа, площадка wording — формулировка
pole — столб world famous — всемирно известный
tences, phrases and words:
Как и здесь; чтобы другие пассажиры могли их почитать; Почему вы не купили би-
лет себе?; Собак в метро не пускают; наказуемое правонарушение; когда разразилась
война; Пересядем на кольцевую линию; Вы хотите сказать, что...; Я бы предпочёл;
если вы не против; Что сказано в этой надписи над эскалатором?; Стойте справа, про-
ходите слева; Сказано точно как в лондонском метро; Как насчёт билетов?; если вы
не против; Да, давайте; помимо них; С вашей стороны было очень хорошо; Поезда
не отправляются, пока все двери не будут полностью закрыты; оплатить обратный
проезд; по всему лондонскому транспортному региону и через него; по всему Лон-
дону; дополнительная плата; Мы поедем по этой линии до «Комсомольской»; у вас
нет своей газеты; не в часы пик; У нас есть ещё кое-что общее; автобусы окрашены
в красный цвет; в сельской местности; Как например?; Все междугородные автобусы
ходят строго по расписанию; на верхнем этаже автобуса; Ходят слухи, что; для поезд-
ки на большое расстояние от центра города; Но, в отличие от Москвы; набиваются
как сельди в бочке; Вы должны входить через переднюю дверь; город-спутник.
1) Coaches run ... and ... the whole London transport area. 2) Coaches are intended
... long distance passengers. 3) They run ... strict time-tables. 4) Londoners are fond ...
reading newspapers and magazines while travelling ... underground. 5) Do you mean
to tell me that London transport consists exclusively ... underground trains and buses?
6) “What does the notice ... the escalator say?” “Stand ... the right, walk ... the left.” 7) We
have something ... common. 8) You must enter ... the front doors. 9) ... all postcards
London buses are painted red. 10) We could start ... our place ... once. 11) We shall take
this line ... Komsomolskaya. 12) We shall change... ... the Circle. 13) Trains will not move
... until all the doors are closed. 14) Trolleybuses were looked ... as transport saviours.
15) As ... trolleybuses, London once had the largest trolleybus system ... the world. 16)
Dogs are not allowed ... the Moscow Metro. 17) you have no paper ... your own; 18) Ra-
dio taxi services may be booked ... phone. 19) An underground carriage looks a bit like
a reading room ... a public library. 20) The last trolleybuses were replaced ... buses ... 1962.
21) Apart ... those, there are trains, river buses and Green Line coaches. 22) you pick ...
one left ... a previous passenger. 23) I’d rather we didn’t go ... a taxi. 24) they leave the pa-
per ... other passengers to read. 25) Lots of things here are different ... what we are used ....
1. Why didn’t Professor Parkman want to go by taxi?
2. How many times did they have to change trains?
3. Why didn’t Professor Sokolov buy a ticket for himself?
4. What do the Moscow Metro and the London Tube have in common?
6. Where do Moscow buses differ from their London counterparts?
7. What colour are London buses and coaches?
8. Are there any trolleybuses or trams left in London?
9. What is a Green Line coach?
164 Unit 25
10. How about dogs on the London Underground, in British buses and coaches?
11. What do London Underground passengers do with their newspapers after reading
them?
12. How about standing in British buses and coaches and in the London Tube?
13. What do Moscow and London taxis have in common?
Exercise 4. Read a comparison between the Moscow Metro and the London Tube and
make 8 sets1 of sentences like these:
The Moscow Metro has 11 lines, while the London Underground has 12 lines.
The Moscow Metro has 11 lines, whereas the London Underground has 12 lines.
While the Moscow Metro has 11 lines, the London Underground has 12 lines.
Whereas the Moscow Metro has 11 lines, the London Underground has 12 lines.
If the Moscow Metro has 11 lines, the London Underground has 12 lines.
BRIEFING: MOSCOW METRO v TUBE
MOSCOW METRO LONDON UNDERGROUND

11 lines 12 lines
488 trains in daily operation 502 trains in daily operation
160 stations 275 stations
543 escalators 409 escalators
31,000 staff 17,000 staff
8.7m trips a day 3.1m trips a day
50 per cent of users travel free Pensioners travel free
36 new miles of track since 1980 15 new miles of track since 1980
Open 5.30am until 1am Open 5.30am until 1am
Metro, London, 5.5 2002
1
set — ,
Exercise 5. Group these derivatives1 in pairs and translate them as in the example
(use a dictionary where necessary):
Example:
service — обслуживание; self-service — самообслуживание
to notice, primary, restriction, suburb, strike, stopping, standing, replace, to restrict,
to slide, punishable, saviour, place, exclusive, to vary, difference, striking, suburban,
wording, different, to save, sliding, notice, to stand, primarily, to punish, word, invari-
ably, exclusively, stop.
1
derivative — ; !, ! " # $
26
166166 Chapter
Chapter
3 1 Unit
The Tube
Dialogue
Tourist: This is the first time I have been in London. To see the sights, I am told, it is best
to travel by the city’s buses and by the London Underground. What tips can you give me
on using the Underground?
Londoner: First of all, try to avoid the busiest times between 08.00 and 09.30 and 17.00 to
18.30, Mondays to Fridays. Those are the rush hours or peak hours as they are sometimes
called. The difference between peak and off-peak hours is so great (for instance, £9.90 and
£5.80) that towards the end of the morning peak hours crowds assemble outside underground
stations ready to rush in at the stroke of 09.30. So it’s best to travel during off-peak hours.
T.: Where do I buy tickets?
L.: From a ticket machine or ticket office at any tube station.
T.: Tube?
L.: Underground. Tube is an older word, but it is still used.
T.: How much are the tickets?
L.: The Underground system is divided into six fare zones. The city centre is in Zone 1.
The price of your ticket depends on how many zones you travel through. Travelcards and
Oyster cards offer the best value.
T.: Who do I show the ticket to?
L.: No one. You walk through automatic gates. Insert your ticket and the gate will open.
Retrieve your ticket as you walk through. When leaving the station, if the value of travel on
your ticket has been used up, the gate will open for you, but the machine will keep your ticket.
T.: What am I entitled to with a Travelcard?
L.: Travelcards are used for travel on the Tube, on the DLR (Docklands Light Railway), on
the entire London bus network including sections outside Greater London — on buses that
display this sign below. This applies to all Travelcards irrespective of the zone(s) they cover.
But Travelcards are not valid on certain special bus services and excursions. With a Travel-
card, you can also use tramlink (if your Travelcard includes Zones 3–6), most British Rail
trains in the London area and scheduled riverboat services at 1/3 off the normal fare. When
using the Tube, DLR or National Rail, the Travelcard you hold must be valid for all the
zone(s) you travel in. With a valid Travelcard you can travel as often as you want within these
zones. The more you use a Travelcard, the better value it is. If you travel beyond the zone(s)
covered by your Travelcard, you must pay an extension fare.
T.: Where do I buy a Travelcard?
L.: Buying a Travelcard couldn’t be easier — purchase one from
any Underground station, Travel Information Centre, British Rail
station within Greater London, or Pass Agent.
T.: What kinds of Travelcard are there?
L.: (One) Day, 3 Day and Travelcard season tickets. There are two
kinds of Day Travelcard — Peak and Off-Peak.
The Tube 167
T.: What’s the difference?

L.: A Day Travelcard (Peak) can be used all day Mondays to Fridays (except public holi-
days), while Day Travelcards (Off-Peak) can be used from 09.30 Mondays to Fridays (all
day Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays).
T.: What about 3 Day Travelcards?
L.: These were introduced in 2005 and are valid for three consecutive days. Zones 1–2 and
Zones 1–6 tickets are available. If the 3 days you choose to travel on include a Saturday, Sun-
day or public holiday, it may be cheaper for you to buy a combination of Day Travelcards.
T.: You mentioned Travelcard season tickets. What are those?
L.: 7 Day, monthly or for any longer period up to one year. The latter are known as Gold
Cards. Monthly and Annual Travelcards are with a holder’s photocard and signature.
Besides, there are Weekend and Family Travelcards.
T.: What are Weekend Travelcards valid for?
L.: These save 25% off the price of two normal One Day Travelcards. They are valid for
the two days of the weekend, or for travel on any two consecutive days during public
holidays. As for Family Travelcards, I’ll tell you about those later.
T.: To see most sights, I shall have to travel mostly within Zone 1.
L.: Then it would be best for you to buy a tube carnet. It’s ten Zone 1 singles. It is much
cheaper to buy them wholesale as a carnet than retail. You’ll save £3 on every adult rate car-
net of ten tickets you buy, compared to the 2005 single fare. It is valid for 12 months from the
issue date printed on the tickets and can be used by you or by anyone you wish to give it to.
T.: Where can I buy a carnet?
L.: Tube carnets are available at the tube station ticket offices,
most ticket stops, London Travel Information Centres and
tube station self-service ticket machines in Zone 1.
T.: And, finally, remember you mentioned Oyster cards?
Where do these differ from Travelcards?
L.: Like other Travelcards, Oyster cards (right) are valid for
all kinds of London transport (Tube, DLR, bus, Tramlink and
some National Rail Services) for shorter or longer periods (up
to a year) and for all zones. But in some cases they are cheaper and you can let another
adult use your card when you are not using it, even if the card is registered in your name.
But at the start and end of every journey you make by Tube, DLR and participating
National Rail services, instead of inserting your Oyster card in a slot in automatic gates,
you touch it on a round card reader on the top of the gate, which opens the gate for you.
On buses and trams, always touch your Oyster card on the card reader as you board. On
buses with conductors, when asked, you must touch your Oyster card on the card reader
on his or her ticket machine. The convenient thing about Oyster cards is that with them
fares are lower. Passengers are expected to keep their Oyster cards and top them up, that
is replenish the money on them as it runs out.
T.: And what if a passenger fails to produce a ticket or a card when asked to do so by
a ticket inspector, conductor or driver?
L.: Anyone who cannot produce, on request, a valid ticket, Travelcard or Oyster card for
their complete journey on the Tube, DLR, buses, National Rail or Tramlink is liable to
pay a penalty fare or may be liable to prosecution.
168 Unit 26
Vocabulary notes
adult rate — стоимость билета для public holiday — официальный праздник
взрослых; ср. выше: rate — стоимость to purchase; syn. to buy — покупать; ср.
гостиничного номера выше: purchase — покупка
annual — годичный rail — рельс
to apply to — относиться к British Rail — железные дороги
to assemble — собираться Великобритании (частично
at the stroke of 09.30 — как только приватизированы)
пробьёт 9.30 Light Railway — городская
to board — садиться в транспортное пассажирская железная дорога
средство reader — зд.: считывающее устройство
busy time; ср. выше: syn. rush hours, to replenish the money on one’s Oyster
peak hours — часы пик; ant. off-peak card, syn to top up one’s Oyster card —
hours пополнять свою карточку «Ойстер»
carnet — набор из десяти билетов, на retail — в розницу
одну поездку каждый to retrieve — получать обратно
consecutive — подряд to rush in — вбегать
convenient — удобный scheduled — курсирующий по
Docklands — район восточного расписанию
Лондона sight — зд.: достопримечательность,
fare — плата за проезд зрелище
extension f. — плата за проезд signature — подпись
дополнительного расстояния single — билет в одну сторону, ср. выше:
penalty f. — штраф за безбилетный single-breasted — однобортный, single-
проезд decker — одноэтажный автобус
f. zone — тарифный пояс, тарифная ticket
зона t. inspector — билетный контролёр
flat — зд.: одинаковый t. machine — билетный автомат, ср.
gate — ворота, воротца выше: cash machine — банкомат
automatic g. — валидатор (устрой- t. office — билетная касса
ство, определяющее годность биле- t. stop — автобусная остановка, где
тов и заменившее турникет) есть продажа билетов
Greater London — Большой Лондон tip — зд.: совет, рекомендация, ср. выше:
holder; syn. bearer — владелец (билета) tip — чаевые
to insert — вставлять to touch — зд.: прикладывать
irrespective of smth — независимо от Travel Information Centre —
чего-л. туристическое справочное бюро
issue date — дата продажи traveller — путешественник; зд.:
liable to smth — подлежащий чему-л. пассажир (АЕ rider)
monthly — месячный to use smth up — использовать что-л.
on request — по просьбе/требованию полностью
Pass Agent — магазин, торгующий, valid — имеющий силу, действитель-
в частности, билетами на городской ный; ср. выше: валидатор
транспорт value — ценность, стоимость; ср. выше:
prosecution — судебное преследование valuables — ценности, ценные вещи
The Tube 169
tences and phrases:
Выгоднее всего пользоваться едиными билетами и билетами «Ойстер»; подлежит
штрафу или может быть подвергнут преследованию в судебном порядке; в пределах
этих зон; при посадке; два дня подряд; Чем они отличаются от единых билетов?; при
выходе из станции; мне сказали; на автобусах со знáком; может быть использована
вами или любым другим лицом, которому вы пожелаете её дать; Машина не вернёт
ваш билет; я впервые в Лондоне; это относится ко всем единым билетам независимо от
числа охватываемых ими зон; На что я имею право по единому билету?; единые биле-
ты недействительны на некоторых специальных автобусных и экскурсионных марш-
рутах; Кому я должен показывать билет?; со скидкой в одну треть от обычной платы
за проезд; вам может быть выгоднее купить три разных однодневных единых билета;
наиболее выгодны единые билеты; ваш единый билет должен быть действителен для
всех зон, где вы ездите; если средства на вашем билете израсходованы; действительны
три дня подряд; Если вы едете за пределы зон, покрываемых вашим единым билетом;
к концу утренних часов пик; карточки «Ойстер» удобны тем, что...
1) Travelcards are used ... travel ... the Tube. 2) Mondays ... Fridays. 3) This applies ... all
Travelcards irrespective ... the zone(s) they cover. 4) What am I entitled ... ... a Travelcard?
5) The Travelcard you hold must be valid ... all the zone(s) you travel ... . 6) Weekend
Travelcards save 25% ... the price ... two normal One Day Travelcards. 7) ... a Travelcard,
you can also use scheduled riverboat services ... 1/3 ... the normal fare. 8) You can travel
... these zones. 9) If you travel ... the zone(s) covered ... your Travelcard, you must pay an
extension fee. 10) You walk ... automatic gates. 11) 3 Day Travelcards are valid ... three
consecutive days. 12) You’ll save £3 ... every adult rate carnet ... ten tickets you buy com-
pared ... the 2005 single fare. 13) It is valid ... 12 months ... the issue date printed ... the
tickets. 14) What tips can you give me ... using the Underground? 15) A carnet can be
used ... you or ... anyone you wish to give it ... . 16) Buy tickets ... a ticket machine. 17) Buy
a Travelcard ... any Tube station. 18) The card is registered ... your name. 19) Touch your
Oyster card ... a card reader ... the start and end ... every journey you make ... Tube.
20) The value ... travel ... your ticket has been used ... . 21) Anyone who cannot produce, ...
request, a valid ticket may be liable ... prosecution. 22) The price ... your ticket depends ...
how many zones you travel... . 23) … the end … the morning peak hours crowds assem-
ble … underground stations ready to rush … … the stroke … 09.30.
1. What are the peak and off-peak hours in London?
2. Where does a traveller buy tickets?
3. What does the price of a ticket depend on?
4. How does a traveller get into an underground station?
5. What does a Travelcard entitle its holder to?
6. Where can Travelcards be bought?
7. What kinds of Travelcard are there?
170 Unit 26
8. What are Travelcard season tickets?

9. What is a Weekend Travelcard?
10. What is a carnet?
11. Which is cheaper, a carnet or 10 separate tickets?
12. What is an Oyster card?
13. What if a passenger fails to produce a ticket or a card when asked to do so by a ticket
inspector, conductor or driver?
Exercise 4. On the right you can see a London Underground ticket. Find there the
answers to these questions:
1. Where was the ticket bought?
London Underground
2. When was it bought?
3. Is it a single or a return ticket? 11 May 03 single 3:70 STD
4. How many zones is it valid for?
5. What is the fare? 11 MAY 03 HEATHROW 123
018255 17 0780 11May03 1249 £3:70
This side up — not for resale

Issued subject to conditions — see over
Exercise 5. Examine the ticket below to answer the following questions:

1. What kind of Travelcard is this, One Day, Weekly, Monthly, Annual, Family or Weekend?
2. What is its number?
3. How many zones is it valid for?
4. What is its start date1?
5. What is its expiry date2?
6. What is its issue date?
7. What is its price?
Valid only when shown with
TRAVELCARD photocard no.
Start date Status Ticket type Class

21 MAY 05 07DAYS STD
Expiry date Zones
27MAY05 12345
Route/additional validity
x
Number Issue date Price
317464 01 0602 20MAY05 £36:30M
London Transport issued subject to conditions — see over
1
start date — действителен с
2
expiry date — действителен по
The Tube 171
Exercise 6. When you have a valid Travelcard for 5 Zones but want to go to Heathrow
(Zone 6), you buy this kind of ticket (below). What is there to show that it cannot be
used separately?
London Underground
27 MAY 05 01DAY 01JOURNYEXTN STD

27 MAY 05
ONLY VALID WITH ADDITIONAL TKT
440378 01 0509 27May05 1012 £1:30M
This side up — not for resale

Exercise 7. Read and memorise this dialogue. It may come in handy.

Passenger: I have a Travelcard for 5 Zones. I need an extension to Zone 6. How much is it?
Cashier: £1.30.
Passenger: But two years ago it was only £1.
Cashier: Yes, but don’t forget we were two years younger then.
Exercise 8. Examine the carnet (right) and an- Transport for London
swer these questions: London Underground
1. Whose cover1 is this?
2. How many tickets are there in it?
3. Are these tickets single or return?
Carnet
4. What zone are they valid for? Great savings on
5. Where is it available from? 10 single tickets
6. How does a traveller pay for it? for Zone 1
7. How long is it valid for? Available from larger self service
ticket machines or ticket offices
by cash, debit or credit card
Valid 12 months
MAYOR
OF LONDON
Exercise 9. The left-hand column2 contains the announcements and notices used on
the London Tube. Match3 them with their Russian equivalents from the right-hand
column. Use a dictionary where necessary. For example: 1–20.4
1
cover — обложка
2
left-hand column — левая колонка
3
to match — совмещать; ср. выше: match — одного цвета (костюм)
4
There are more English notices than Russian equivalents
172 Unit 26
1. All change (please); Everybody out! 1. Держитесь правой стороны

2. Danger 2. Для вентиляции опустите окно
Electrified tracks
3. (At Russell Square and Covent Garden 3. Для экстренной связи с машинистом
stations) Do not obstruct lift doors потяните ручку на себя
4. Door button 4. Для экстренного открывания двери
Push to open нажмите кнопку
5. (On escalators) Keep to the right. 5. За безбилетный проезд штраф ...
рублей
6. (At Euston station) The last set of 6. При экстренной необходимости связи
doors will not open. Please move to с машинистом нажмите тревожную
the front doors to leave the train кнопку. Он остановит поезд, если хотя
бы часть его находится в пределах стан-
ции. В противном случае для оказания
более эффективной помощи поезд
проследует до следующей станции. За
не вызванное необходимостью нажатие
тревожной кнопки штраф ... рублей
7. Lower window for ventilation 7. Не мешайте закрыванию дверей лифта
8. The next station is Glouster Road 8. Не прислоняйтесь к дверям
9. Obstructing the doors (causes 9. Оставленный багаж может послужить
delay and) can be dangerous причиной сигнала тревоги
10. Off the train first 10. Спасибо, что воспользовались
услугами метро
11. Everybody out! 11. Не мешайте выходу из вагона
12. WAY OUT → 12. Осторожно! Двери закрываются
13. (At the exit) Thank you for travel- 13. Осторожно! Рельсы под током
ling by underground
14. Passenger emergency alarm 14. Отойдите от края платформы
Pull handle to speak to driver
15. Penalty £10 if you fail to show on 15. Поезд отправляется
demand a valid ticket for your
entire journey
16. Please give up this seat if an elderly 16. Поезд следует до станции... (через
or handicapped person needs it станцию... )
17. Please keep all your belongings with 17. Пожалуйста, не кладите ноги на
you while you travel on the under- сиденья
ground
18. Please keep feet off seats 18. Последние двери не будут открыты.
Для выхода из поезда, пожалуйста,
пройдите к передним дверям
19. (Please) mind the doors 19. При поездке в метро держите все
Doors closing свои вещи при себе
20. Please mind the gap (between the 20. Поезд дальше не идёт. Просьба
train and the platform) освободить вагоны
21. (Please) stand clear of the door 21. Следующая станция...
Please stand clear of the closing
doors
The Tube 173
22. Priority seat. Please offer this seat 22. Соблюдайте осторожность. Не
to elderly or disabled people or оступитесь при выходе из поезда
those carrying children
23. Stand back. Train approaching 23. Станция «Охотный Ряд»
24. Stand on the right 24. Стойте справа.
Walk on the left Проходите слева
25. This station is Baker Street 25. Уступайте места пассажирам
с детьми, инвалидам и людям
старшего возраста
26. This train is about to depart 26. Отойдите от двери
27. This train is for Cockfosters 27. Запасной выход (175 ступенек)
28. This train terminates at Cockfosters 28. Не курить
29. This train terminates at Kenning- 29. Справочная и билетная касса
ton via Charing Cross
30. Unattended luggage can cause 30. Место для инвалидов и пассажиров
a security alert старшего возраста
31. This stairway has 175 steps. Do not 31. При проходе через валидатор детей
use except in an emergency до 5 лет и собак брать на руки
32. (On monitor) Train to High Barnet 32. Билетные кассы
in 3 minutes
33. (Signboard) Trains 33. К поездам
34. Single ticket 34. Сборщик использованных билетов
35. It is illegal to smoke anywhere on 35. Билет для поездки в одну сторону
this station
36. Passenger Services Director 36. До прибытия поезда до ... осталось ...
минут
37. Some Underground Stations 37. Начальник службы пассажирских
Closed Down for Repairs. Change перевозок
over to bus service
38. Please offer this seat to an elderly 38. Некоторые станции метро закрыты
or disabled passenger на ремонт. Пользуйтесь автобусами
39. Children under 5 and dogs must 39. Всем освободить вагоны!
be carried through the gates
40. NOT IN SERVICE 40. К выходу →
41. (Signboard) Tickets 41. На поезд посадки нет
42. Assistance and tickets
43. Emergencies. Press the alarm signal
button to alert the driver. The driver
will stop immediately if any part of
the train is in a station. If not, the train
will continue to the next station where
help can be more easily given. There is
a £50 penalty for deliberate misuse
44. Ticket collector
176 Unit 26
Exercise 10. You have arrived at London’s Heathrow airport and want to visit Sherlock
Holmes’s house in BAKER STREET. Look at the Tube Map (р. 172—173) and answer
these questions:
1. What underground line would you take at HEATHROW?
2. What would be your interchange?
3. What line would you change to?
4. What travel zones would you travel through?
LOS ANGELES TIMES 1.1.2006, p. A18
New Year’s Eve Strike Fails to Shut London Tube
From Associated Press
LONDON — Revelers managed to The RMT union is protesting new

move around London on Saturday to staff assignments and schedules that
usher in the New Year despite a 24-hour they say spread workers too thin and
subway strike, which slowed but failed threaten safety — a complaint that
to cripple the British capital’s transport managers deny. About two-thirds of
system. the Tube’s 6,000 workers belong to
Leaders of the RMT union had ex- the union. London Underground said
pected the subway to grind to a halt nonunion workers plus managers were
when guards and ticket office workers able to keep the network open.
left their posts at noon. But London Un- “We are running train services on all
derground managed to keep most of lines. The vast majority of our stations
the Tube running, saying only about 40 are all open,” said Mike Brown, London
of the sprawling network’s 275 stations Underground’s chief operating officer.
were closed. Drivers were not taking part in the strike.

1. Did the strike paralyze the Tube?
2. How many stations were closed?
3. What were the causes of the strike?
4. Were drivers taking part in it?
The Tube 177
INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE 29–30.7.2006, p. 18
Landslide blocks train from Heathrow airport
A landslide blocked the path of a rush- There were no injuries and the train did
hour train in London, forcing the evacu- not derail, Transport for London said.
ation of 600 subway passengers, trans- The train was carrying 600 passen-
port officials said. gers from Heathrow airport outside the
The train made an emergency stop city and was traveling on an above-
when tons of earth slipped from an ground section of the Underground.
embankment and clogged the tracks. (AP)

1. What happened? LONDON UNDERGROUND LIMITED
2. When? High Barnet
3. How?
Oyster Card Deposit
4. Were all passengers evacuated?
0504371028 83 £0,00
5. What American term did the paper
use as a synonym of ‘underground’? Travelcard/Std/Full/Adult/Z15/07Days
16/05/06 — 22/05/06
Exercise 12. Find out from this receipt: 0504371028 83 £37,80
1) what kind of travelcard it is for;
2) for how long it was valid; _______
3) its price; TOTAL £37,80
4) the VAT; Cash £37,80
5) where the travelcard was bought; VAT £0,00
6) what age group the holder belonged to. VAT Number : 75 62770 08
Please keep this receipt safe.
You may need to quote your
Oyster card number if you go online
www.tfl.gov.uk/oyster
Date&Time of Transaction
16/05/2006 08:13:10 17087 230853 02 0602
27
178 Chapter 10 Unit
London вuses
Dialogue
Tourist: Do you have compulsory and request stops?
Londoner: We certainly do. We have them both for buses and coaches. At a compulsory
stop, every bus or coach will stop automatically, unless they are full. At a request stop, to
stop a bus you must put out your hand clearly and in good time so that the driver can stop
the vehicle safely. A bus might not stop if it is already full.
Т.: What do I do if I want to get off at a request stop?
L.: Ring the bell once and well in advance to let the driver know. When getting off a coun-
try bus or coach, do not fail to thank the driver. It is the customary thing to do.
Т.: The London Underground is divided into six fare zones. Does this apply to buses too?
L.: No, the London bus network is divided into four fare zones. You can buy different
combinations of the four zones to suit you (see next page).
Т.: Who do I buy them from?
L.: In London, you buy tickets and bus passes at bus stops before boarding. There are
ticket machines there. You insert the exact money, since no change is given and get a one
day bus pass or a single journey bus ticket. The latter is valid for one single journey only
from the stop where it was bought. Remember: your journey must start within one hour
of purchase. On the sides of most London buses you can see reminders ‘Buy tickets be-
fore boarding’.
Т.: You mentioned Bus Passes. What is the difference between these and Travelcards?
L.: Bus Passes are valid for buses only, while Travelcards are used on the Tube and some
other kinds of transport including buses. OAPs and school children get bus passes at
a concessionary rate and sometimes for free.
Т.: What kind of Bus Passes are there?
L.: There are one day Bus Passes and Bus Pass season tickets. Day Bus Passes can be used from
the time of purchase until 04.30 tomorrow morning. They are valid on all buses in Greater
London including Night buses (except special bus services and excursions) and on Tramlink.
But if you are travelling as a group, a One Day Family Travelcard may be cheaper.
Т.: And Bus Pass season tickets?
L.: These are 7 Day, monthly or for any longer period up to one year, all valid without the
holder’s photocard. Child rate Bus Pass season tickets are valid for a maximum period of
4 months and must have the child’s photocard.
Т.: Do 7 Day Bus Pass season tickets start on Mondays?
L.: No, they can start on any day of the week.
T. Are there bus carnets?
L.: No, as distinct from Tube carnets of 10 single tickets there are so-called Bus Savers —
books of six single bus Saver tickets. If you buy a Saver, you’ll save 20p per ticket (you’ll
pay £1 per journey instead of £1.20) (35p instead of 40p for children). Bus Savers are
London вuses 179
available at Tube Station ticket offices, all Ticket Stops and London Travel Information
Centres.
Т.: How about buses outside London? Where do I buy tickets for those?
L.: You either pay the bus driver (or a conductor, if any) or show your Travelcard or Bus
Pass. Buses where you pay the driver are usually referred to as ‘pay-as-you-enter’ buses.
Т.: In London, I’ll be going to a lot of shows. And these often end late. Are there any buses
available then?
L.: Oh yes. I mentioned Night Buses or night-time buses as they are sometimes called. We
have an extensive system of those. Nearly all of them pass through Trafalgar Square and serve
theatres, cinemas and entertainment areas.
Т.: Do Night Buses have compulsory and request stops like Day Buses?
L.: No. Night Buses treat all stops as a request stop. This means that you always have to
ring the bell to get off a Night Bus at any bus stop.
Т.: Are fares on Night Buses the same as on Day Buses?
L.: They are not. Fares are slightly higher than on Day Buses. For example, in 2003 the
adult single fare for a journey between Trafalgar Square and Camden Town was £1.20.
The same journey at night was £1.50. You cannot use any one day ticket, Family or Week-
end Travelcard (except for Day Bus Passes) on Night Buses and children must pay adult
fares after 22.00 on all buses.
180 Unit 27
Vocabulary notes
as a group — группой to put out one’s hand — вытянуть
as distinct from — в отличие от руку
at a concessionary rate — со скидкой, reminder — напоминание
по льготной цене saver ticket — билет со скидкой
as of — по состоянию на to start — зд.: начинать действовать
clearly — зд.: заметно (о билете)
customary — общепринятый stop — остановка
entertainment — развлечение compulsory s. — обязательная
the exact money — точная сумма денег остановка
to get off — сходить (с автобуса) request s. — остановка по
if any — зд.: если он есть требованию
in good time — заблаговременно to treat smth as smth — считать что-л.
network — сеть чем-л.
pass — проход, пропуск well in advance — задолго до, ср. выше:
Bus P. — многоразовый билет in advance — заранее
на автобус
tences, phrases, and words:
У кого я их покупаю?; Так принято делать; кроме случаев, когда они переполнены;
вытянуть руку; Есть тогда автобусы?; задолго до; заранее; Это к автобусам тоже
относится?; У ночных автобусов все остановки — по требованию; автобус с опла-
той проезда у входа; Обязательно поблагодарите водителя; Платите кондуктору
(если он есть); покупаете билеты на автобусных остановках до посадки в автобус;
с момента покупки; в отличие от метро; действуют с понедельника; Вы опускаете
точную сумму; если вы едете группой; Ваша поездка должна начаться не позднее
чем через час с момента покупки билета.
1) The adult single fare ... a journey ... Trafalgar Square and Camden Town was £1.20.
2) The same journey ... night was £1.50. 3) ... a compulsory stop every bus or coach will
stop automatically. 4) ... London, you buy tickets and bus passes ... bus stops ... boarding.
5) Your journey must start ... one hour ... the purchase. 6) Day Bus Passes саn be used ...
the time ... purchase ... 04.30 tomorrow morning. 7) Bus Pass season tickets are 7 Day,
monthly or ... any longer period … … one year. 8) As distinct ... Tube carnets ... 10 single
tickets there are so-called Bus Savers. 9) You will save 20p ... ticket. 10) Such buses are
referred ... as ‘pay-as-you-enter’ buses. 11) Nearly all ... them pass ... Trafalgar Square.
12) I want to get … … a request stop. 13) Does this apply ... buses too? 14) Children must
pay adult fares ... 22.00 ... all buses. 15) To stop a bus you must put ... your hand clearly
and ... good time. 16) You can get ... a Night Bus ... any bus stop. 17) Ring the bell well ...
advance. 18) Who do I buy them ...? 19) When getting ... a country bus or a coach, do not
fail to thank the driver. 20) OAPs and school children get Bus Passes ... a concessionary
rate and sometimes ... free.
London вuses 181
Exercise 3. Translate the following Russian phrases into English as in the pattern:
– остановка по требованию
request stop –
система лондонского метро; зона оплаты; сеть лондонских автобусов; плата за

проезд в одну сторону для взрослых; водитель автобуса; автобус с оплатой про-
езда при входе; единый билет на уик-энд.
1. What is the difference between a compulsory and a request stop?
2. What do you do to stop a bus at a request stop?
3. What does a passenger do to get off at a request stop?
4. What is the customary thing to do when getting off a country bus or a coach?
5. How many fare zones is the London Bus network divided into?
6. Where do passengers buy tickets and Bus Passes?
7. Where do Bus Passes differ from Travelcards?
8. What kinds of Bus Pass are there?
9. What are the bus equivalents of Tube carnets?
10. Where do Night Buses differ from Day Buses?
Exercise 5. Use this table to make up 3 sentences and translate them:
customary
It is the normal thing to do.
usual
Exercise 6. Examine the tickets and answer these questions:
1. What are these?
2. What was their holders’ status?
3. What were their start and expiry dates?
4. What zones were they valid for?
5. What was the fare?
No photograph reqired except
Bus Pass for children aged 14 and 15
and New Deal participants.
14MAY04 CHILD BUS PASS STD
Expiry date Zones
14MAY04 »1234«
Not for resale
Y692629 0909314MAY04 0313 £1.00M
London Transport issued subject to conditions — see over
182 Unit 27
Except for adult rate pass,

Bus Pass Photocard no.
0686466
07 JUNE 03 CHILD 07DAY BUS PASS TD
Expiry date Zones
13 JUNE 03 C 1234
Not for resale
057 T670677 0250 07JUNE03 0907 0313 £4.00
Exercise 7. Examine these tickets to find answers to the following questions:

1. What are these?
2. Are they for adults or for children?
3. What is the main difference between them?
4. When were they sold?
5. What is the bus number?
6. What is the fare?
7. What is the name of the bus company?
Wilts&Dorset Wilts&Dorset
ADULT SINGLE 292 114118
Service: X1
Tkt 30813 Trip 1620
Ticket: 7951
Bus 1666 Route X1
Drv 114464 Duty 1004 Adult Return
£2.80
FROM: Fairmille Hotel
TO: Highcliffe Sea Cn Highcliffe Sea Corner
C’church High Street
ADULT £2.10
SINGLE PAID CASH Time: 11:22:51
02/07/12 Date: MON 09 Aug 10
Valid on day of issue
Issued subject to published
Issued subject to conditions — conditions redstar
see over redstar
London вuses 183
Exercise 8. Match the English notices with their Rusussian equivalents1. Use a diction-
ary where necessary. For example: 1–10.
1. Seat cap 53 1. Стоимость билета для взрослого
Standing 0 пассажира
2. Bus Pass 2. В нашем автобусе есть туалет
3. 35 seats 3. Выход через дверь в середине
NIL STANDEES салона
4. Priority Seats for use by elderly and 4. Во время движения автобуса
disabled passengers запрещается вставать со своего
места и разговаривать с водителем
5. AE Please do not talk to operator 5. В автобусе запрещено распитие
while bus is in motion алкогольных напитков
6. (On the back of a lorry) KEEP 6. Автобус с низким полом для
YOUR DISTANCE облегчения посадки
7. Seating capacity 74 7. Во время движения автобуса пасса-
Upper saloon 43 жирам запрещается разговаривать
Lower saloon 31 с водителем или отвлекать его без
Standing 8 уважительной причины
8. Adult fare 8. Выход через заднюю дверь
9. Luggage not to be stored above this 9. Места для инвалидов и лиц
level старшего возраста
10. Help the driver. 10. .... мест для сидения. В проходе
Please use the Litter Bin не стоять
11. BE Passengers must not speak to or 11. Мест ...
otherwise distract the driver without ... мест для сидения наверху
reasonable cause whilst vehicle is in ... мест для сидения внизу
motion ... мест для стояния внизу
12. (On a box at the exit) Used tickets 12. Обязательная остановка
13. CanE Remain seated and do not talk 13. Многоразовый билет на автобус
to driver when coach is in motion
14. AuE Do not speak to driver whilst bus 14. Посадки нет
is in motion
15. NZE Do not converse with driver 15. Остановка по требованию
while bus is moving
16. AE Drinking intoxicants on coach 16. Единый билет (на метро,
prohibited пригородные поезда и автобус)
17. AE, CanE This coach is rest-room 17. Садитесь в автобус! И вы лучше
equipped узнаете Лондон
18. BE Passengers must not speak to or 18. Мест …
distract the driver without reasonable Верхний салон ...
cause while the vehicle is in motion Нижний салон ...
Мест для стояния в нижнем
салоне...
1
In this exercise, there are more English notices than Russian equivalents. This is because among
the English notices there are some not only from Britain, but also from other English speaking
countries (the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand).
184 Unit 27
19. AE Use center door for exit 19. Автобус 16к (красный)
20. These seats are particularly appreciated 20. Багаж выше этой отметки
by the elderly and the infirm не ставить
21. Bus it! And see more of London 21. Экспресс
22. NZE Exit rear door 22. На площадке не стоять!
23. 88 Passengers 23. Перевозка пассажиров
42 Seated Upper Deck производится в соответствии
26 Seated Lower Deck с опубликованными компанией
14 Standing Lower Deck условиями и правилами
24. AuE Please exit by the centre doors 24. Полуэкспресс
25. (On bus doors) Pull to open 25. Служебное место
26. Super low floor easy access bus 26. Для использованных билетов
27. (On a bus) Non-stop 27. Ноги не класть!
28. Alighting point only 28. Для мусора
Passengers are not picked up here Уважайте труд водителя
29. Passengers are conveyed subject to the 29. Во время движения автобуса запре-
Company’s published conditions and щается разговаривать с водителем
regulations или отвлекать его внимание
30. BE Passengers must not stand forward 30. Дверь открывается на себя
of this notice
31. AE No standing in front of standee 31. Багаж в проходах не оставлять
line
32. (At the bottom of the stairs on a double- 32. Во время движения автобуса
decker) Light luggage or parcels may разговаривать с водителем
be left here with permission but at the запрещается
owner’s risk
33. (On a bus ticket) London Buses 33. Место для легкой ручной
Not transferable клади. За сохранность водитель
ответственности не несёт
34. BE Do not speak to the driver or 34. Лондонский автобус.
distract his attention when the bus is Без права передачи другим лицам
moving
35. (On a bus) Limited Stop 35. Соблюдайте дистанцию
36. Travelcard 36. В парк
37. Freedom ticket
38. (On the back of a front seat) For crew
use only
39. (On small desk in front) Please keep
your feet off !
40. 16 Part Route
41. Request stop
42. Passengers must not leave luggage in
any gangway
43. Compulsory stop
44. Sorry, I’m not in service
London вuses 185
Exercise 9. Read and translate this notice (use a dictionary where necessary).
TIMETABLE REVISED FARES

CHANGES from Saturday 12 April 2008
Starting 25 May 2008 CASH FARES

TO BE PAID
1&2 will run more frequently.
121/123 will no longer run. TO THE DRIVER
New 40 will run from Poole via These will increase
Wareham, Corfe Castle, by between 5% and 10%
Kingston and Langton Matrevers
to Swanage. 1. Dayrider tickets will increase in price.
2. Nightrider tickets will no longer
be available.
3. Senior Citizen explorer tickets1
PERIOD TICKETS will no longer be available, but
Prices of Saver, Salisbury Saver pre-purchased “scratch-off tickets”
and Network tickets will, of course, be valid for use.
will not change. 4. Fiveforafiver tickets2 will not change.
CHILD FARES IN THE BOURNEMOUTH AREA

Child fares will no longer be available before 0900
in the Bournemouth area on Mondays to Fridays.
This is already the case elsewhere on the Wiltshire & Dorset network.
For more information ring 01204 632855.
Now find in the notice above the English equivalents of these Russian words, phrases and
sentences:
пенсионер; будут дороже; маршруты отменяются; детские билеты; будут ходить
с меньшими интервалами; Это уже имеет место в других районах; ранее куплен-
ные экскурсионные билеты будут действительны; Подробные cправки по теле-
фону…; цены не меняются; Продажа билетов на ночные маршруты прекращена;
Билеты приобретать у водителя.
1
explorer tickets — экскурсионный билет; syn. scratch-off tickets ( so called because its text is
covered with paint to be scratched off with the edge of a coin)
2
fiveforafiver tickets — one of five tickets costing £5 for the lot
186 Unit 27
DAILY ECHO 8.8.2008, p. 9
Bus fares to increase due to cost of petrol
BUS travellers face increased fares A family Yellowcard will cost £9 and
from September 7 because of rising a seven-day adult Yellowcard £15, while
fuel costs, say Transdev Yellow Buses. the 90-day card will cost £140.
An adult Yellowcard, allowing un- Child fares and the 30-day Yellow-
limited all-day travel across Bourne- card prices will remain unchanged. But
mouth, Poole and Christchurch, is to short, medium and long hop single
rise to £3.70. fares will rise to £1.10, £1.60 and £1.90.

1. What is the reason for the fare increase?
2. How will the Yellowcards rise?
3. What is the holder of an adult Yellowcard entitled to1?
4. What prices will not change?
Bossiest drivers ‘on the buses’
THE bossiest, rudest and least con- co.uk shows. And they are least likely
siderate road users are bus drivers — to let other vehicles out at junctions, it
according to a study for a van-driving claims.
website. The study also suggests that only
Bus drivers often jump traffic lights a quarter of car drivers let other vehi-
and show a lack of consideration for pe- cles out, and women are three times
destrians, the study from vansunited. more likely than men to do it.
1
to be entitled to smth — иметь право на что-л.
London вuses 187
Now the questions to answer are:

1.Who are the bossiest, rudest and least considerate road users?
2 Where does that manifest itself1?
3 What’s the English for “пропускать другие машины”?
4. Who are more polite, male or female drivers?
DAILY ECHO 19.7. 2010, p. 18
FREE BUS PASSES VITAL TO ELDERLY
We have a lousy pittance of a pension a fortune …… a small payment should

in this country so why deny pensioners be paid at least.
a “free” ride on a bus after a lifetime of
TWOBIGDOGS, of Poole
paying taxes.
Those pensioners who genuinely
SKI of West Moors
rely on the service and have little mon-
The buses drive round filled up with old ey should be entitled to use it for free.
people who pay nothing! It must cost Those who are comfortably able to pay
should pay full fare.
TEZZA1965,
of Bournemouth

1. What are the pros and cons2 of allowing pensioners a free ride on a bus?
2. What solution3 to this dilemma has been proposed?
Exercise 11. Here are three opinions about the dilemma ‘To wait or not to wait for
a bus’.
Familiarise yourself with them4 (use a dictionary where necessary) and say whose view
you share5 and why.
1. From the BBC World Service
24th January 2008
The frustration of waiting for a bus
To wait or give up and walk to your destination? To wait or not to wait? To take the lazy
option and wait!
1
to manifest oneself — проявляться
2
pros [prz] and cons — «за» и «против»
3
solution — решение проблемы
4
to familiarize oneself with smth — ознакомиться с чем-л.
5
to share smb’s view — разделять чью-л. точку зрения
188 Unit 27
2. From the Daily Mail

24th January 2008
Queuing for the bus? Mathematicians say it IS worth waiting rather than walking
To wait or not to wait — that is the question faced by impatient bus travellers every day
as they wonder whether it would be quicker to walk to their destination.
And, to the delight of the lazier members of society, mathematicians have come up with
the answer that it is almost always better to sit down and hang on for the bus.
In only extreme cases where there is fewer than one bus an hour and the desired destina-
tion is very close will the strategy fail, the New Scientist reports.
3. From Anorak.co.uk
How To Wait For A Bus
Today, New Scientist adds some notes based on research by Scott Kominers, a mathema-
tician at Harvard University.
He and his researchers have derived a formula for the optimal time that you should wait
for a bus at each stop en route before giving up and walking on.
The team found that the solution was surprisingly simple. When both options seem rea-
sonably attractive, the formula advises you to choose the lazy option: wait at the first stop,
no matter how frustrating.
The formula does break down in extreme cases, Kominers says, when the time interval
between buses is longer than an hour, for example, and your destination is only a kilo-
metre away.
If you do choose to walk, you should make your decision before you start waiting, he
says. You will still reach your destination later than the bus you’d have caught, but it will
be much less frustrating than waiting for a while and then watching the bus shoot by.
Exercise 12. If you want to know what you are supposed to say on an English bus
here are some tips. Read and translate this excerpt (use a dictionary where necessary).
Rules of Ps and Qs
The English may not speak much on public transport, but when they do open
their mouths, the words you are most likely to hear, apart from ‘sorry’, are ‘please’
and ‘thank you’ (the latter often shortened to ‘‘anks’ or ‘‘kyou’). During the research
for this book, I made a point of counting these Ps and Qs. Whenever I took a bus,
I would sit or stand as near as possible to the driver (outside central London, most
buses nowadays do not have conductors — passengers buy their tickets directly
from the driver) to find out how many of the people boarding the bus said ‘please’
and ‘thank you’ when purchasing their ticket. I found that the majority of English
passengers mind their Ps and Qs, and most of the drivers and conductors also say
‘thank you’ when accepting money for tickets.
London вuses 189
Not only that, but many passengers also thank the bus driver again when they
get off at their stop. This practice is less common in very big cities, but in smaller
cities and towns it is the norm. On a typical short bus journey from a council estate
on the outskirts of Oxford to the city centre, for example, I noted that all of the pas-
sengers said ‘‘kyou’ or ‘‘anks’ as they alighted from the bus — with the noticeable
exception of a group of foreign students, who had also omitted the ‘please’ when
buying their tickets. Many tourists and other visitors have commented to me on the
politeness of English passengers, and from my own cross-cultural research, I know
that this degree of courtesy is unusual. In other countries, the only circumstances in
which I have found people regularly thanking bus drivers were in very small com-
munities where they knew the driver personally.
Having said that, I should point out that there is nothing particularly warm or
friendly about English Ps and Qs — they are generally muttered, usually without
eye contact or smiles. Just because we are distinctively polite and courteous in our
public conduct does not mean that we are good-natured, generous, kind-hearted
people. We just have rules about Ps and Qs, which most of us observe, most of the
time. Our scrupulous pleasing and thanking of bus drivers, conductors, taxi drivers
and the like is another manifestation of our ‘polite egalitarianism’ — reflecting our
squeamishness about drawing attention to status differences, and our embarrass-
ment about anything to do with money. We like to pretend that these people are
somehow doing us a favour, rather than performing a service for financial reward.

1. What four words are most often heard on an English bus?
2. When?
3. Why?
4. How about bus passengers in other countries?
28
Unit
Money-saving child
and student fares
Dialogue
T.: When we spoke about the Tube, you promised to tell me about Family Travelcards later.
L.: Yes, I did. A Family Travelcard is for one or two adults travelling by Tube with at least
one, and up to four children. Each traveller has a ticket and adult tickets are 20% cheaper
than the normal Travelcard price for adults, while children’s all day off-peak tickets cost
no more than £1. Under 5s can travel free on the Tube or DLR.
Children travel completely free on Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays, but a ticket
for travel will be issued.
Т.: Are the adults travelling with the children supposed to be the children’s parents?
L.: Not necessarily. Members of the party do not need to be related, but must travel to-
gether at all times.
One Day Family Travelcards are ideal for taking the family out and about in London.
The Family Travelcard has all the benefits of an Off-Peak Day Travelcard, but saves you
even more money.
Т.: But supposing I have a 7 Day, monthly or longer period Travelcard and travel with
children, are there any concessionary fares then?
L.: There are. Up to four children accompanied by an adult who has a Travelcard season
ticket can buy an Off-Peak Day Travelcard (valid for Zones 1—6) for just £1 each.
Т.: What are child fares on buses and trams?
L.: All children under 11 can travel for free on all buses across the entire London bus
network, including sections outside Greater London and on trams at all times.
Child fares for 11—15 year olds are available on buses and trams at any time, day or night.
14—15 year olds need an ‘11—15’ Photocard, Child Rate Photocard or 14/15 Citizencard.
Т.: Can children have Travelcard and Bus Pass season tickets?
L.: Oh yes. Child rate Travelcards are valid for a maximum period of 4 months (you will
remember that adults can have annual Travelcards). A valid photocard is needed to buy
and use a child rate Travelcard and Bus Pass season tickets.
16—17 year olds with a ‘16—17’ photocard can buy 7 Day, monthly and longer period
Travelcards and Bus Passes at the child rate.
Т.: What about students?
L.: These, too, can benefit from lower cost Travelcards and Bus Passes.
Т.: What discount are they entitled to?
L.: Anyone with a valid Student Photocard can buy Travelcards and Bus Passes at 30% off
the equivalent adult rate. These discount tickets are available for 7 Days, one month and
longer periods up to one year.
Students are requested to check their university, college or school to find out if they are
registered on the Transport for London Student discount scheme.
Money-saving
Money-saving
child and
childstudent
andstudent
fares
fares 191
Vocabulary notes
under 5s — дети в возрасте до 5 лет concessionary f., syn. concessionary rate,
benefit — преимущество, syn. advan- concessionary price — льготная плата
tage за проезд, стоимость льготного билета
to b. from smth — выигрывать от to issue a ticket — выдавать билет
чего-л. the/an + only (+ существительное) —
fare — плата за проезд единственный
child f., syn. child rate, child price — party — зд.: группа людей
плата за проезд ребёнка, стоимость scheme — план, схема
проезда ребёнка supposing, syn. suppose —
предположим, допустим; а что если
es and sentences:
повозить семью по Лондону; но билет для поездки выдаётся; совершенно бесплат-
но; до одного года; едущих минимум с одним ребёнком, и максимум с четырьмя
детьми; льготная плата за проезд; система скидок; выиграть от; в любое время
(2 варианта); не обязательно; могут ездить бесплатно; стоимость для детей; сто-
имость для взрослых; Должны ли взрослые, едущие с ребёнком, быть его родите-
лями?; Какая скидка им полагается?; В тех случаях, когда ребёнку до пяти лет, за
проезд необходимо заплатить и иметь билет.
1) Child rate Travelcards are valid ... a maximum period ... 4 months. 2) 16–17 year olds
can buy Bus Passes ... the child rate. 3) What ... students? 4) Members ... the party must
travel together ... all times. 5) What discount are they entitled ... ? 6) These discount
tickets are available ... 7 Days, one month and longer period… … one year. 7) Students
can benefit ... lower cost Travelcards and Bus Passes. 8) All children ... 11 can travel ...
free ... all buses ... the entire London bus network. 9) A Family Travelcard is ... one or two
adults travelling … … least one, and … … four children. 10) Anyone ... a valid Student
Photocard can buy Bus Passes ... 30% ... the equivalent adult rate. 11) Оne Dау Family
Travelcards are ideal ... taking the family ... and … … London.
1. Who is a Family Travelcard meant for?
2. What are the advantages of a Family Travelcard?
3. Are adults and children travelling together supposed to be related?
4. What are One Day Travelcards ideal for?
5. What are the concessionary fares in the case of an adult with a Travelcard season ticket
travelling with up to 4 children?
6. What are child fares on buses and trams?
7. How long are child rate Travelcards valid for?
8. How can students benefit from lower cost Travelcards and Bus Passes?
192 Unit 28
Exercise 4. Rewrite B’s replies as in example b.

a). A: You promised to tell me about Family Travelcards.
B: Yes.
b) A: You promised to tell me about Family Travelcards.
В: I did.
1. A: You believe that. B: Yes.
2. A: The boy died in the service of his country. B: Yes.
3. A: People always believe the worst. B: Yes.
4. A: Mr. MacHardie owns some mines out that way. B: Yes.
Exercise 5. These are some notices on the walls of a bus. Read and translate them (use
a dictionary where necessary).
Caution These Seats Please

fold up give up this space to a wheelchair user
Space for wheelchair user.

User should position their wheelchair Smoking is completely
against the back rest and apply prohibited on this bus
the brakes

1. Is smoking allowed on the top deck?
2. Why do they have some folding seats on the bus?
3. What are passengers requested to do?
4. What should wheelchair users do?
Exercise 6. Read and translate the tips a bus company gives to its customers (below).
Use a dictionary where necessary. Now cover the answers with a sheet of paper and
try to answer the questions.
How do I catch the bus?

You can catch the bus from a bus station or from any bus stop along its line of
route. To catch the bus from a roadside stop, please signal the driver to stop in good
time by putting up your hand as the bus approaches. Some services (for example X3)
may be limited stop in towns — the bus stop flag will show the numbers of the buses
stopping at that location.
Money-saving child and student fares 193
How should I pay my fare?

Unless you already have a ticket which is valid for the journey you are making and
can show this to the driver, you must pay your fare to the driver when you catch the
bus. It will save delay if you could kindly have the money ready. If you can give the
driver the correct money for your fare this is very helpful, but if not the driver will give
you change if he can.
Have you any bargain travel tickets?

We have lots of money-saving tickets; there’s almost certainly one to suit you. Why
pay more than you need? Advertisements in this timetable and separate leaflets give
further details.
194 Unit 28
Are there concessions

for senior citizens?
Local Authorities now administer concessionary travel schemes for Senior
Citizens. Details vary from area to area; to find out more we suggest you con-
tact your local Council.
Can I smoke on the bus?

For everybody’s comfort and safety smoking is completely prohibited on
all buses. Also you are asked not to eat hot snacks (such as fish and chips,
burgers, pasties, hotdogs or similar) or drink bottled or canned drinks while
on the bus. Please use your mobile phone with consideration for the other
people on the bus.
What do I do
when I want to get off the bus?
Let the driver know by ringing the bell once in good time. Nearly all of our
buses have ‘bus stopping’ signs which will light up to confirm that the bus will
stop at the next bus stop.
Are the buses

wheelchair accessible?
We have invested heavily in new buses which provide easy access for
wheelchairs, baby buggies and shopping trolleys. For their own security
wheelchair users are asked to position themselves with their back to the pad-
ded rest and to lower the safety bar. Parents are reminded that, although there
is no need to take the baby out of the buggy for the journey, they nonetheless
remain responsible for the security of their child.
Money-saving child and student fares 195
What happens if
I have a complaint or suggestion?
We aim to provide a reliable, comfortable and friendly bus service
which gives our customers good value for money. On rare occasions things
can go wrong, and if this should happen we would like to hear from you so
that matters can be put right.
Similarly we are always pleased to consider any suggestions you may
have for improving the effectiveness of our services.
Please write to the Customer Services Manager (address below) or tel-
ephone.
In the extremely unlikely event that we are not able to satisfactorily
resolve a complaint, there is an independent body which can review the
case.
Exercise 7. Read, translate and memorise this joke. Tell it to your comrades.
DAILY MAIL 31.8.2012, p. 64
A WOMAN standing at a bus stop with her The bus comes. ‘How old are you,
five-year-old son says: ‘When bus comes, sonny?’ the driver asks.
tell the driver you’re four years old.’ ‘I’m four,’ the boy replies.
‘But mother, I’m five years old,’ says ‘And when will you be five?’ asks the
the boy. driver.
‘But if you tell him you’re four, you ‘When I get off this bus,’ says the
don’t have to pay your fare,’ the mother boy.
explains.
29
196 Chapter 10 Unit
Travelling by rail
Dialogue
A: I, for one, actually dislike travelling. So I always try and take a particular magazine and
a book and a newspaper and my walkman just to kill time.
B: What about crossword puzzles?
A: No, I don’t. I don’t really bother with crossword puzzles.
B: What about speaking with your fellow-passengers?
A: I usually don’t do it. Because they might think I’m taking liberties in talking to them.
B: That is the reason why foreigners often think the English are stand-offish. Because too
often you try to keep yourself to yourself. I’ll tell you what may happen when passengers
refuse to talk.
Once a lady found herself in a compartment with a solitary travelling salesman. After
a while he said politely, “Excuse me, but...” “If you speak or annoy me , I’ll pull the train
cord,” said the lady. Whenever he tried to speak, she threatened to give the alarm. At last
the train stopped at a station and the traveller stood up. “I don’t care whether you like it
or not,” he said, “but I want that torn bag with strawberries you’ve been sitting on for the
last six miles.”
Ticket inspector (coming into the compartment): Tickets, please. (After stamping the tick-
ets). Thank you.
B: (to A.): That reminds me. Once an absent-minded man was travelling by train. Sud-
denly he began searching all his pockets and looked very upset. A fellow-passenger asked:
“What’s up?” “It’s my ticket. I can’t find it anywhere!” “Well, no need to get so upset, you’ll
certainly find it.” Another passenger said, “You’d better find it or you’ll be in trouble if
the inspector comes. He may take you for a fare dodger.” “Oh, it’s not that,” answered the
absent-minded man, “but I must know where I am going.”
(Three stops later, the same ticket inspector comes again)
Ticket inspector: Any more tickets, please!
В: (to A: after the inspector is gone): Did you notice how the inspector ignored us but
made at once for new passengers? He remembers all the old ones.
A: Professional memory.
B: Yet sometimes even inspectors can be fooled. Once when an inspector was punching
tickets, one of the passengers was searching his pockets. The inspector looked at him,
smiled and said, “You’re holding it in your teeth, sir,” then punched the ticket and left.
“What an absent-minded man you are,” a passenger said. “Oh no, not at all. I was just
chewing off the wrong date.”
Travelling by rail 197
Vocabulary notes
absent-minded — рассеянный to pull the cord — зд.: дергать ручку
after a while — через/спустя некото- стоп-крана
рое время solitary — одиночный, в одиночку
to annoy — надоедать, беспокоить stand-offish — необщительный,
to bother — зд.: интересоваться чопорный
to chew off — отгрызать to take liberties — вести себя развязно,
crossword puzzle — кроссворд слишком много себе позволять
fare dodger — безбилетник, «заяц» ticket
fellow-passenger — попутчик, по- to punch a t. — компостировать билет
путчица с помощью просечки
to show a t. — предъявить билет
to find oneself somewhere — оказать-
to stamp a t. — компостировать билет
ся где-л.
с помощью штампа
to fool smb — обмануть, провести, t. inspector — контролёр
одурачить кого-л. to travel by rail (syn, by train) — ездить
to give the alarm — поднимать тревогу поездом
in trouble — в неприятном положении try and take = try to take
to keep oneself to oneself — ни с кем upset — расстроенный, огорчённый,
не общаться удручённый
to make for smb/smth/some place — What’s up? syn.: What’s the matter? —
направляться к кому-л./чему-л./ Что случилось?
в какое-л. место You’d better = You had better — Вам бы
particular — зд.: какой-нибудь лучше
es and sentences:
Она грозилась поднять тревогу; Прошу прощения, но...; вовсе нет; Что случилось?;
Я дёрну стоп-кран; Что касается меня, то я...; Вот почему иностранцы часто ду-
мают, что англичане необщительные люди; Как насчет кроссвордов?; через три
остановки; ехал на поезде; не в этом дело; Но иногда можно провести даже кон-
тролёров; убить время; Прошу предъявить билеты; спустя некоторое время; На-
конец поезд остановился; Я всегда стараюсь захватить какой-нибудь журнал; Кон-
тролёр сразу направился к новым пассажирам; Он у вас в зубах; Вы стараетесь не
общаться с другими людьми; Какой вы рассеянный; Вообще-то я не интересуюсь
кроссвордами; Мне нужна та рваная сумка с клубникой; Мне всё равно, нравится
вам это или нет; Не надо так расстраиваться; Он помнит всех старых пассажиров;
Однажды одна дама оказалась в купе с коммерсантом, который ехал один; Это мне
кое-что напомнило; Лучше найдите его, а то у вас будут неприятности, когда при-
дёт контролёр; Они могут подумать, что, обращаясь к ним, я веду себя развязно;
Он с удручённым видом стал обшаривать свои карманы; не ахти какой.
1) The inspector made ... once ... new passengers. 2) The traveller stood ... . 3) I, ... one,
actually dislike travelling. 4) He was travelling ... train. 5) ... a while, he said politely,
198 Unit 29
“Excuse me.” 6) What ... crossword puzzles? 7) I want that torn bag ... strawberries you’ve
been sitting … … the last six miles. 8) You’ll be ... trouble. 9) You try to keep yourself
... yourself. 10) The train stopped ... a station. 11) What’s ...? 12) I don’t really bother ...
crossword puzzles. 13) I was just chewing ... the wrong date. 14) The ticket inspector
came ... the compartment.
As for me, I ...; I don’t like; However; finally; I try to take; What’s the matter?; to punch
a ticket; to travel by train.
1. What does traveller A do to kill time when travelling by rail?
2. Does he do crossword puzzles?
3. Why doesn’t he speak with his fellow-passengers?
4. Why do foreigners think the English are stand-offish?
5. What may happen when passengers refuse to talk?
6. Why was an absent-minded man searching all his pockets?
7. Why did the ticket inspector ignore the old passengers?
8. How was a ticket inspector once fooled?
Exercise 5. Examine the ticket below and answer these questions:
11. What is this?
12. Is it single or return?
13. Is it for an adult or a child?
14. What is the issue date?
15. Where did the passenger start his journey?
16. Where did he finish it?
17. Was he to travel via1 London?
18. What class is it?
19. What type is it?
10. What is its price?
Class Ticket type Adult Child

STD OFF-PEAK DAY R Nil One OUT
CHILD 25⋅JLY⋅11
Start date Number
42089 3273416521
From Valid until Price
HINTON ADMIRAL* ⋅ ⋅
25 JLY 11 £1⋅50M
To Route Validity
CHRISTCHURCH* ANY PERMITTED SEE RESTRICNTS
2-PART RETURN
1
via [va] — через
Exercise 6. Now answer the same questions about three more tickets.

STD SINGLE One Nil SGL
Date Number
25 MAY 92 67757 4113e5399S02
From Valid Price
BALHAM* ON DATE SHOWN £14.50M
To Route
SOUTHHAMPTON CENT NOT LONDON 1512
British Rail
Class Ticket type Adult

STD OFF-PEAK DAY R One RTN
Start date Number
15 JLY 11A 22860 1007367431
HINTON ADMIRAL* 14 AUG 11 £42.80X
To Route Validity
NEWPORT S. WALES SALISBURY AS ADVERTISED
2-PART RETURN

STD OFF-PEAK DAY R One Nil RTN
Start date Number
30 AUG 11 45636 3273416521
POKESDOWN 30 AUG 11 £3.50M
To Route Validity
HINTON ADMIRAL* ANY PERMITTED SEE RESTRICNTS
2-PART RETURN
200 Unit 29
Exercise 7. Match the English notices with their Russian equivalents. Use a dictionary
where necessary. For example: 1–13.
1. Seats are not for feet 1. Прошу предъявить билеты
2. Call at all stations to Howth 2. При аварии разбейте стекло молотком
3. Alarm 3. Касса
Pull the chain
4. Penalty for improper use £50 4. Для пересадки на автобус до лон-
донского аэропорта сходите здесь
5. Welcome to Swaythling 5. Билетный автомат
6. Out 6. Штраф ... фунтов
7. No exit 7. Туалет не работает
8. Warning 8. Добро пожаловать в...
Do not trespass on the Railway
9. Penalty £200 9. Для экстренной остановки поезда
потяните ручку стоп-крана на себя
10. Ticket office 10. Не высовываться
11. When ticket office closed entrance via 11. Выход в город
side gate
12. When way out closed please use side gate 12. В экстренном случае дерните шнур
13. Self-service ticket 13. Ноги на сидения не класть
14. Alight here for Railair Link to London 14. Раздвижная дверь
Airport
15. Please give up this seat if a disabled 15. Когда выход закрыт, пользуйтесь
person needs it боковой калиткой
16. Danger 16. Когда касса закрыта, вход через
Do not lean out боковую калитку
17. For draft free ventilation open win- 17. На остановках пользование туале-
dow between these lines том запрещается
18. Alarm 18. Поезд следует до ... со всеми оста-
Pull this handle to stop train новками
19. In an emergency: 19. Во избежание сквозняка окно для вен-
Use hammer to break window тиляции открывать до этой отметки
20. Slide to open 20. Уступайте места инвалидам
21. Passengers are requested not to smoke 21. В случае, если пользование не вы-
in this area звано необходимостью, штраф ...
фунтов
22. No smoking 22. Скорый поезд
23. Express train 23. Годен в течение указанной даты
24. Fast train 24. Просьба не курить
25. Semi-fast train 25. Почтовый поезд
26. Slow train 26. Курьерский поезд, экспресс
27. Tickets, please 27. Билет туда и обратно
28. Please do not use lavatory when train 28. Внимание! По железнодорожным
is at a station путям ходить запрещается
29. Sorry out of use 29. Выхода нет
30. Valid on date shown 30. Пассажирский поезд
31. Ticket type — single 31. Не курить
32. Ticket type — return 32. Билет в один конец
33. Train times 33. Места для инвалидов на колясках
34. Priority seats for wheelchairs and 34. Расписание поездов

pushchairs
35. on board a train 35. Поезд сошёл с рельсов
36. The train derailed/came off the track 36. В поезде
Exercise 8. Read and translate the excerpts from newspaper articles (use a dictionary
where necessary).
THE SUN 11.8.2005, p. 17
RUNAWAY TRAIN ON 10-MILE TERROR RIDE

Crossings smashed after driver leaves brakes off
A RUNAWAY train careered for ten miles Network Rail workers said it was a
down the tracks towards a main line “miracle” no one was hurt in the inci-
passenger network — after its driver dent last Sunday.
left the brake off. The six-year-old Class 66 diesel
The 127-ton loco had been on engine owned by English, Welsh and
a closed line for repairs. Scottish Railway but on loan to Net-
But it moved off because the brak- work Rail — had been parked unat-
ing system had not been applied — tended.
and soon accelerated up to 60mph A railway employee who did not
with no driver in the cab. want to be named, said: “It’s a miracle it
The loco sped through four level got as far as it did without killing any-
crossings over busy roads — smashing one. If it had reached Burton-on-Trent
the barriers. the results could have been disastrous.
It was then just moments from the You don’t need to be a brain surgeon
Birmingham-Derby main line station in to imagine what a 127-ton diesel could
Burton on Trent, Staffs, when luckily, it do to a car or a person. It’s lucky it hap-
hit a points failure near the Village of pened on a Sunday morning when
Alrewas and was derailed. there’s not many people about.

1. Who was to blame1 for the accident?
2. Why?
3. How did the accident end?
4. Were there any casualties2?
5. What was the weight of the diesel loco3?
6. What speed did it develop?
1
to blame — винить
2
casualty [kæulti] — жертва
3
loco = locomotive
202 Unit 29
USA TODAY, 16.2.2010, p. 7A
Rush-hour train collision in Belgium kills at least 18
A rush-hour commuter train apparently were injured, and the death toll was not
sped through a red signal and slammed considered final, officials said. Lodewijk
into an oncoming train as it left a subur- De Witte, the governor of the province
ban Brussels station Monday morning, of Flemish Brabant, said one train “ap-
killing at least 18 people. Eighty people parently did not heed a stop light.”

1. Where did the collision occur?
2. How many victims were there?
3. What was the cause of the collision?
Exercise 9. A few words about standoffishness on public transport. Read and trans-
late this excerpt (use a dictionary where necessary).
Our main coping mechanism on public ther. The denial rule requires us to avoid
transport is a form of what psychologists talking to strangers, or even making eye
call ‘denial’: we try to avoid acknowledg- contact with them, or indeed acknowl-
ing that we are among a scary crowd edging their presence in any way unless
of strangers, and to maintain as much absolutely necessary. At the same time,
privacy as possible, by pretending that the rule imposes an obligation to avoid
they do not exist — and, much of the drawing attention to oneself and to
time, pretending that we do not exist ei- mind one’s own business.
Now answer two questions:

1) What does the ‘denial’ rule require?
2) When do you think can this rule be broken?
Exercise 10. Although the English often say ‘Let the train take all the strain1’, British
Rail is often criticized. Find out from the clippings below why trains are often delayed
or cancelled2.
from THE ENGLISH
The English take masochistic pride in the unreliability of their public transport.
Every year, the railways are taken completely by surprise by the wholly unexpected
phenomena known as ‘autumn’ and ‘winter’. Trains are delayed and cancelled due to
such freaks of nature as ‘leaves on the line’ and ‘snow’. If it is pointed out that snow is
not exactly unexpected in England, the explanation will be that it’s the ‘wrong kind
of snow’.
Exercise 11. Which of these 5 things about trains did you know?
Five thing you never new about… trains

WILLIAM HARTSTON
1. The earliest use of the word ‘train’ in the Oxford English Dictionary dates back to
1330. Its meaning then is given as ‘tarrying, delay’.
2. On June 15, 1928, the famous train The Flying Scotsman beat an aeroplane in a race
from London to Edinburgh.
3. The longest train journey with no change is from Moscow to Vladivostok, taking
170 hours.
4. In 1825 railway pioneer George Stephenson assured a parliamentary inquiry that
trains would never go faster than 25mph.
5. ‘National rail timetables’ is an anagram of ‘all trains aim to be late in’.
1
strain — напряжение
2
to cancel — отменять
30
204 Chapter 10 Unit
Going by London taxi

(1)
Dialogue
(A telephone conversation between Martin and his Russian friend Gregory)
М.: Listen, Gregory, what are you doing Saturday evening?
G.: Nothing special. Why?
М.: Why not come and see me at my place in Belham? Susie and Sofia are coming and one or
two colleagues of mine. All are eager to hear from you about things Russian. Will 7 o’clock do?
G.: Yes, suits me fine. But how do I get to your place?
М.: The simplest thing to do is to take a taxi. Just give the driver a slip with my address
and ask him to take you there.
G.: How long will it take from my hotel?
М.: I figure it’ll be something like 40 minutes, give or take 5.
G.: What is the best way to take a taxi?
М.: You can either ask at Reception to get one for you or you could go out and flag one
yourself.
G.: Right-oh! Saturday at 7 I’ll be there.
(Gregory and a taxi-driver)
G.: (flagging a taxi): Hallo. Are you free?
Taxi-driver: Yes, sir. See that orange sign “TAXI” burning on the roof? And this orange
sign “For hire” at the back of the meter? They say I’m free. Where to?
G.: (handing him a slip with the address): Please take me to this address.
T. d.: Let me see my map of London. Belham? That’s way down south. Yes, I’ve found the
place. (Apologetically) The point is, I’m a greenhorn. Haven’t passed the Knowledge test
yet. The number of “runs” criss-crossing London that cabbies must memorise in order to
pass The Knowledge test is 320.
G.: Now we’re off, let me ask you something.
T. d.: Go ahead.
G.: I’ve noticed 2 kinds of taxi in London. Most are black, but some are coloured. Why’s that?
T. d.: The black ones belong to a firm. The coloured ones are the property of the driver.
But all are chequered to show they are taxis.
G.: So yours is your property?
T. d.: Mine and my wife’s. She answers the phone and I do the driving.
G.: What I like about your car is that here I can sit next to you and talk, while in a black
taxi I would be sitting in the back behind a glass partition. By the way, how many taxis
are there in London?
T. d.: All in all there are 20,000 black cabs in London compared with 12,800 yellow cabs
in New York City and the 50,000 auto rickshaws in New Delhi.
G.: Why do you have so many figures on the meter?
T. d.: The ones on the left are tariff extras in pounds and pence. Those on the right are the fare.
G.: How do I know the fare tariff ?
Going by London taxi 205
T. d.: It’s here, in the fare table, see? The minimal charge is £1.00 for the first 1152 yards or
3 min. 49.5 sec. Then 20p is charged for each additional 384 yards or 1 min. 16.5 sec. until
the fare exceeds £6.00. Thereafter we charge 20p for each 256 yards or 51 sec.
G.: Do you actually have to clock the time or measure the distance covered?
T. d.: No, of course not. It’s all done automatically by the meter. It’s all from the rules set
by the Metropolitan police. We are simply obliged to have them on the wall.
G.: And what about the tariff extras?
T. d.: These are charged for additional passengers, for luggage and for driving at certain times.
G.: What’s the extra charge for additional persons?
T. d.: For each additional person we charge 20p.
G.: For children too?
T. d.: Infants in arms do not count. 2 children under 10 count as one person.
G.: And how about luggage?
T. d.: In cabs like mine we put all luggage in the boot. In the black cabs it’s placed in the
driver’s compartment. Then they charge 10р extra for each item that goes there and for
each other item over 2 feet long.
G.: Now what about those specific times you mentioned?
T. d.: There are extras for evenings, nights, weekends and public holidays.
G.: Now it’s 6:30pm on Saturday, what’s the extra charge for me?
T. d.: It says here: For any hiring beginning or ending within the following periods —
Mondays to Fridays 8pm to midnight, Saturdays 6am to 8pm, Monday to Friday nights,
midnight to 6am, there is an extra charge of 40p. Yes, that’s your extra.
G.: And what other extras are there?
T. d.: Between 8pm on the day before until 6am on the day after Sundays and public
holidays — 60p. But the highest extras are on Christmas and New Year.
G.: What are they?
T. d.: Between 8pm on 24 December and 6am on 27 December, as well as between 8pm
on 31 December and 6pm on 1 January the extra charge is £2.
G.: But what if it is both Sunday night and a public holiday, is it £2 plus 60p, i. e. £2.60?
T. d.: No, only one of the charges listed here is payable in respect of one hiring.
G.: Supposing you are free and I flag you, can you refuse to pick me up?
T. d.: Normally, I can’t. The driver must, unless he has a reasonable excuse, accept any
hiring up to 6 miles (or 20 miles if he is at Heathrow Airport), if the destination is in the
Metropolitan and/or City Police Districts.
G.: And should I leave something in the cab, what then?
T. d.: I’ll take it to the Metropolitan Police Lost Property Office. You can claim it there.
G.: And if I’m dissatisfied with your service?
T. d.: Complaints about the cab or the driver should be sent immediately to the Metropoli-
tan Police, Police Carriage Office. But I hope, sir, you have no grounds for complaints now?
G.: None whatever. Quite the contrary. You have been very helpful.
T. d.: Thank you, sir. Well, here we are. And there is your friend waving to you.
G.: The meter says my fare plus the extra 40p totals £9.50. Let’s call it £10.
T. d.: Thank you, sir. Have a nice evening.
G.: Thank you. Nice talking to you. Bye!
T. d.: Good-bye.
(To be continued)
206 Unit 30
Vocabulary notes
additional — дополнительный none whatever — зд.: абсолютно
all in all — в общей сложности, syn. никаких
in all normally — по правилам, обычно, syn.
boot, syn. car boot, AE trunk — зд.: usually
багажник, ср. выше: car boot sale to oblige — обязывать, ср. выше: obliga-
to chequer — наносить шашечки tion — обязательство
to claim — забирать багаж или to be off — отправляться
оставленные вещи partition — перегородка
to clock the time — засекать время to pass The Knowleday test — сдать
complaint — жалоба экзамен на знание Лондона
to criss-cross — пересекать в разных payable — подлежащий оплате
направлениях The point is, infml. syn.: The thing is —
destination — место назначения Дело в том, что
dissatisfied — недовольный Police Carriage Office — транспортный
to exceed — превышать отдел полиции
quite the contrary — (совсем) наоборот,
to figure — считать, полагать
syn. on the contrary
give or take — плюс-минус
reasonable excuse — уважительная
go ahead, syn. fire away, shoot — да-
причина
вайте, действуйте, говорите
rickshaw — рикша
greenhorn — новичок, неопытный Right-oh! infml syn.: all right, OK — Ладно!
grounds — основания (для действий) run — зд.: поездка
to hand, syn. to give — давать to set a rule — устанавливать правило
helpful — полезный, помогающий slip — бумажка, листок
Here we are — зд.: Вот мы и приехали taxi
hiring — наём, ср. выше: for hire — to flag (down) a t., syn. to hitch a ride in
свободен a t. — «голосовать» такси
infant in arms — маленький ребёнок to hire a t. — нанять такси
на руках to take a t. — брать такси
in respect of — в связи с thereafter, syn. after that — после этого
to list — перечислять, cp.: list — things Russian — положение в России
список, перечень to total — составлять в общей
Lost Property Office — бюро справок сложности
о вещах, забытых в такси under 10 — до 10 лет
metropolitan — столичный Where to? — Куда?
es and sentences:
Почему бы не навестить меня; В семь тебя устроит?; А если я что-нибудь забуду
в такси, что тогда?; Попроси его отвезти тебя туда; ничего особенного; А что?; До-
пустим, вы свободны; У вас нет оснований для жалоб? — Абсолютно никаких. На-
оборот; Между прочим; вполне меня устраивает; Двое детей до 10 лет считаются
за одного пассажира; без уважительной на то причины; Вот мы и приехали; Здесь
сказано: ... ; Все очень хотят услышать о положении в России; в общей сложности;
что-нибудь около 40 минут, плюс-минус пять минут; Судя по счётчику, плата за
проезд плюс дополнительно 40 пенсов составляет 9 фунтов 50 пенсов. Будем счи-
тать 10 фунтов; Но как мне добраться до твоего дома?; Маленькие дети на руках
не считаются; Желаю вам хорошо провести вечер; Теперь, когда мы отправились,
позвольте мне спросить вас кое о чём; Самое простое — взять такси; Это означа-
ет, что я свободен; пока плата не превысит 6 фунтов; Приятно было поговорить
с вами; Сколько это займёт времени от моей гостиницы?; Это далеко на юге; Куда?;
Она отвечает на звонки, а я вожу пассажиров.
1) Infants ... arms do not count. 2) Nice talking ... you. 3) Now it’s 6:30pm ... Saturday.
4) And if I’m dissatisfied ... your service? 5) Mondays ... Fridays. 6) You have no grounds
... complaints. 7) Can you refuse to pick me ... ? 8) I’ll take it ... the Metropolitan Police
Lost Property Office. 9) Complaints ... the cab or the driver. 10) ... 8pm ... the day … …
6am ... the day ... Sundays and public holidays. 11) But the highest extras are ... Christmas
and New Year. 12) 2 children ... 10 count as one person. 13) The driver must accept any
hiring … … 6 miles. 14) Only one ... the charges listed here is payable ... respect... one
hiring. 15) These are charged ... driving ... certain times. 16) Where ... ? 17) It’s here, ...
the fare table. 18) Why do you have so many figures ... the meter? 19) Please take me ...
this address. 20) Why not come and see me ... my place? 21) It’s all ... the rules set ... the
Metropolitan Police. 22) That’s way ... south. 23) Saturday ... 7 I’ll be there. 24) The black
taxis belong ... a firm. 25) All ... all there are 20,000 black cabs ... London. 26) What I like
... your car is, that here I can sit… … you and talk. 27) And what ... the tariff extras?
28) You can either ask ... Reception to get one ... you or you could go ... and flag one your-
self. 29) 20p is charged ... each additional 384 yards. 30) I would be sitting ... the back ...
a glass partition. 31) ... the back ... the meter. 32) Now we’re ... , let me ask you something.
1. If you are a hotel guest, what is the best way to take a taxi?
2. How can you tell1 that a taxi is free?
3. Who do black and coloured taxis belong to?
4. What is an advantage of coloured taxis over black ones?
5. When is a taxi cheaper, in the daytime or in the evening?
6. When is a taxi cheaper, on weekdays or on weekends?
7. If a taxi is free, can the driver refuse to pick up a fare2?
8. What happens should a fare leave something in the cab?
9. What happens should a fare be dissatisfied with the driver’s service?
Exercise 4. Almost everyone over the age of 17 either owns or has access to a car and
uses it frequently. What are the advantages and disadvantages of having a car?
Answer this question. In your answer, use: destination, distance, driver, driving, to ex-
ceed speed, luggage, to take smb to a place, to take a taxi.
1
to tell — зд.: определять
2
fare — зд.: пассажир такси
208 Unit 30
Exercise 5. Read and translate this dialogue (use a dictionary where necessary).
Peter: There’s a chap on the telephone, sir. He says he has run out of petrol.
Manager: How far away is he?
Peter: He says he’s at the corner of Bridge Street.
Manager: That’s less than half a mile away. Tell him to blow hard into the petrol tank.
Peter: Did you say ‘blow’, sir?... He doesn’t understand.
Manager: Then explain to him. Tell him that there’ll still be a little petrol in the tank. If
he blows really hard, he will force it up into the carburetor.
Peter (to the manager, ten minutes later): The gentleman has arrived, sir.
Manager: Good! Well, fill him up then.
Peter: I’m afraid it’s a bigger job than that, sir.
Manager: Why? What’s happened?
Peter: Well, sir, he blew into the petrol tank, but there was a sweet in his mouth — and...
Manager: You mean...
Peter: Yes, sir. He gave a good blow, and the sweet went into the tank.

1. What was the matter with the motorist1?
2. What advice did the manager give him?
3. What is the use of blowing into the petrol tank2?
4. What happened when the motorist did so?
DAILY MAIL 6.6.2007, p. 54
ON TAKING a taxi from Heathrow Ter- take a black cab and was unable to get
minal 2 one day last month, my wife as far as explaining why: my wife had
and I encountered the most rude, ill- sprained her foot.
mannered cab driver it’s ever been my When I complained to Heathrow
misfortune to meet. Airport police, I was simply told: ‘You
He was rude to us all the way to get drivers like that. You just have
the hotel. He thought that as we were to tell him to shut up and close the
going only a short distance — to the glass.’
Shepton Skyline — we should take
BILL SHARDLOW,
a bus. But I insisted we would rather Coquitham, Canada.
1
motorist — автомобилист, водитель автомашины
2
tо blow into the petrol tank — дуть в бензобак

1. What kind of person was the cab driver?
2. What did he advise his fares to do?
3. Why couldn’t they take a bus?
4. What did police tell them?
5. Where did the couple take the cab?
And foreign cabbies

win English lessons
By Nick Faqqe
TAXPAYERS are forking out to teach image. It is running a seven-week Eng-

foreign cabbies to speak English — in lish language course to improve their
a city that branded taxi drivers racist if skills — all entirely free.
they proudly displayed the St George’s Sarah Davis of Tourism South East
Cross. said: “Because the cruise ships are worth
Up to a dozen drivers in Southamp- so much to the city we don’t want them
ton who put up stickers saying “English- to be giving the wrong impression.” But
speaking driver” were threatened with the move provoked further anger from
the loss of their licences in February. English drivers.
They claimed they were only re- Councillor Royston Smith said: “If
sponding to customer complaints about drivers cannot speak English, we need
foreign drivers. to know. They don’t have to be great
Now the local tourism board has ac- conversationalists. If they meet the
cepted that drivers with a poor grasp of minimum standards they’ll get a li-
the language reflect badly on the city’s cence.”

1. What do customers complain about?
2. What did the Southampton tourism Board do?
210 Unit 30
Taxi drivers to learn art

of conversation
By John Bingham
Would-be cab drivers in Walsall could the town. Potential taxi drivers would
face a 15-minute conversational test to have to show they can read signs, chat
prove their ability to keep passengers to passengers, write receipts and do
entertained on a journey. basic maths, as part of the licence ap-
Similar to a foreign language oral plication process.
examination, drivers will have to dis- But the plan could face opposition.
cuss topics such as their favourite plac- Aurang Zaib, 46, who has been
es in the West Midlands. a taxi driver in Walsall since 1984,
The test, expected to be approved said: “It makes no sense at all to me,
by Walsall council at a meeting tomor- drivers need to be concentrating on
row, was prepared after concerns about the roads, it is no good them chat-
the standard of English among foreign ting away to customers and then
drivers. But the council hopes it will ending up in Birmingham instead of
also help root out surly taxi drivers in Bloxwich.”

1.What test are cabbies to face?
2. What topics will they have to discuss?
3. What will the license application process include?
4. What may chatting away result in?
Exercise 7. This is what an author has to say about ‘cabbie-passenger’ dialogues. Read
and translate this excerpt (use a dictionary where necessary).
Taxi drivers, in particular, expect to be thanked as well as paid at the end of their
journey, and feel offended if the passenger simply hands over the money — al-
though they are usually tolerant towards foreigners who ‘don’t know any better’, as
one London cabbie put it when I questioned him on the subject. ‘With most English
people, it’s just automatic,’ he explained. ‘They say “thanks” or “cheers” or something
when they get out — and you say “thanks” back. You get the occasional rude bas-
tard who doesn’t, but most people just automatically say “thanks”. In return, English
taxi drivers are generally courteous towards their customers — and often positively
friendly, to the extent of breaking the normal ‘denial’ rules of privacy and reserve.
There is a sort of standing joke among the English about the excessive chattiness
of taxi drivers and, indeed, many live up to their garrulous reputation. The main
popular stereotype is of the would-be-tabloid-columnist cabbie, who bores or in-
furiates his passengers with endless heated monologues on everything from the
inadequacies of the current Government or the England football coach to the lat-
est celebrity-gossip scandal. I have come across drivers of this type and, like most
English passengers, I tend to be too embarrassed either to ask them to shut up or
to argue with their more objectionable opinions.
There is also, however, another type of chatty cabbie, who does not deliver tab-
loid monologues but rather attempts to engage his passengers in friendly conver-
sation — usually beginning, in accordance with English protocol, with a comment
on the weather, but then breaking with tradition by expressing interest in the pas-
sengers’ destination and the purpose of their journey (a train station, for example,
often prompts the question: ‘are you off somewhere nice, then?’). The questions can
become more personal (or at least what the English regard as personal — such as
enquiries about one’s job or family), but most such drivers are remarkably sensitive
to nuances of tone and body language, and will not persist if the passenger comes
over all English and gives monosyllabic answers or looks squirmy and uncomfort-
able. Many English people do find these enquiries intrusive, but we are nearly all
too polite, or too embarrassed, to tell the cabbie to mind his own business — so
these signals are all he has to go on.

1) What do taxi drivers expect at end of their journey?
2) Do English taxi drivers observe rules privacy and reserve?
3) What are the topics of their monologues and of the dialogues they usually start?
4) How do passengers take it?
31
212212 Chapter
Chapter
3 1 Unit
Going by London taxi

(2) Accidents
Dialogue
Russian tourist (flagging a taxi): Hello, taxi! Are you free?
Taxi-driver: I am. Where to?
R. t.: Please get me to No. 14 Fitzjohn Avenue, High Barnet, and be snappy about it, will
you? I have an appointment at 11.30. So please try to make it by then.
T. d.: We should be OK if the lights are with us. But rush or no rush, I’ll never jump a red
light. I’m a law-abiding driver. I don’t want to get disqualified from driving. Now we are
getting out of the traffic: here is a good stretch of open road.
R. t.: Let her out a bit. Let’s see how quickly she accelerates. The speedometer needle is
showing 30–40–50–60. By Jove, she can fairly go.
T. d.: She could do much better. But I’ll tell you what. I witnessed a terrible accident the
other day. A bus collided with a motor car. Both the bus-driver and the chauffeur were
badly injured. The chauffeur had been exceeding speed and was careless while turning
round the corner.
R. t.: Perhaps this gear-happy driver drove ‘while under the influence’?
T. d.: Yes, perhaps it was drink-driving. At any rate, it was disregard of traffic regulations.
R. t.: Was there any loss of life?
T. d.: Fortunately, not. But many passengers were seriously hurt and taken to hospital.
Others had a narrow escape.
R. t.: Then keep it up at this speed. What about the brakes? Can they pull us up at this
speed, say, before we get to that crossroads? Isn’t there a danger of a skid on a wet road?
Safety first, you know.
T. d.: No fear of that.
R. t.: What is done to force people to drive more slowly?
T. d.: Among other things, there are speed ramps, dummy policemen and placards like
‘Dorset speed check area’. Besides, our traffic officers have a habit of lurching in the road-
side shrubbery and then emerging with a speed gun in their hand. It is no surprise that
some shocked drivers slam on their brakes.
R. t.: I can’t get used to your ‘rule of the road’. In Russia, all vehicles keep to the right.
T. d.: Yes, here we keep to the left. Motorists say: “If you go right, you go wrong, if you
go left, you go right.” Also “Left-hand drive — right-hand traffic. Right-hand drive —
left-hand traffic”. Foreign road users may find British-style left-side-of-the-road driving
daunting. The custom of driving on the left dates back to the time when the horse was
the main means of getting about, and you kept to the left so as to leave your sword arm
free to defend yourself.
R. t.: Stop! You have gone too far. Turn back, please.
T. d.: Well, didn’t you say No. 40?
R. t.: No, I told you to take me to No. 14.

T. d.: Ah, that’s another pair of shoes. Here we are.
R. t.: What’s your fare?
T. d. (pointing to the meter): 14 pounds 70, it says here.
R. t.: Here is 15 pounds. You can keep the change.
T. d.: Thank you. Good-bye.
R. t.: Good-bye.
Vocabulary notes
to accelerate — ускорять; cp.: pyc. dummy — манекен
акселерат, акселератор to emerge — появляться
among other things — в частности escape — спасение от опасности
another pair of shoes — совсем другое Others had a narrow е. — Другие
дело чудом уцелели.
at any rate — во всяком случае, как fairly — весьма, довольно
бы то ни было She can f. go — Она может развивать
badly — сильно, очень, крайне
неплохую скорость.
brake — тормоз
gear-happy driver — шофёр-лихач
chauffeur [
f] — шофёр легковой
автомашины to get out of the traffic — выбираться из
to collide — сталкиваться; ср.: рус. потока машин
коллизия habit — привычка
crossroads, АЕ intersection — пере- I’ll tell you what — Вот что я вам скажу
крёсток to injure — причинять повреждение,
daunting [dnt] — обескуражи- увечье, вред, боль; syn. to hurt
вающий were badly injured — сильно
day пострадали
the other day — на днях (в про- Jove — Юпитер
шлом); ср.: by J.! — ей-богу!
one of these days — на днях (в буду- to jump a red light, syn. to go through
щем) a (red) light — проехать на красный
disregard — нарушение (правил) свет
to do — зд.: показывать результаты law-abiding — законопослушный
He’s doing well at school. — Он
Let her out a bit. — Немного прибавьте
хорошо учится.
скорость. (Говоря her, пассажир имеет
She could do much better. — Она
в виду машину; в отношении транс-
(машина) могла бы идти намного
быстрее. портных средств обычно употребляют
drink-driving, АЕ: drunk-driving, she и her; водители-женщины часто
drunken-driving — управление употребляют he и him)
машиной в состоянии алкогольного lights — светофор; ср. выше: traffic lights
опьянения if the l. are with us — если мы попа-
drive — зд.: руль дём в «зелёную волну»
left-hand d. — левый руль loss — потеря
right-hand d. — правый руль l. of life — гибель человека
214 Unit 31
Vocabulary notes
massive l. of life — гибель множе- Be s. about it, will you? — Пожалуй-
ства людей ста, поскорее.
to lurk — притаиться speed gun — радар, разг. пушка
the main means of getting about — (speed) ramp, syn (speed/traffic/road)
главное средство передвижения hump, sleeping policeman — «лежачий
to make it by then — успеть к этому полицейский»
времени stretch — отрезок, участок
needle — зд.: стрелка sword [sd] — меч
to pull up a car — остановить машину traffic — движение транспорта
regulations, syn. rules — правила left-hand t. — левостороннее движение
traffic r.; syn. rule of the road, High- right-hand t. — правостороннее
way Code, Traffic Rules — правила движение
дорожного движения t. officer, syn. t. policeman — сотруд-
roadside shrubbery — придорожный ник ГИБДД
кустарник to turn
say — скажем (вводное слово) to turn back — поворачивать обратно
skid — занос машины to turn round the corner — поворачи-
to slam on one’s brakes — нажать на вать за угол
тормоза to witness smth — быть свидетелем чего-л.
snappy — быстрый
Это совсем другое дело; Придерживайтесь этой скорости; Другие чудом уцелели;
Сдачи не надо; «Были жертвы?» — «К счастью, нет»; Мы попали в «зелёную волну»;
Сколько с меня?; Безопасность прежде всего; показывая на счётчик; шофёр-лихач;
Поверните обратно; Поднажмите немного; Многие пассажиры серьёзно постра-
дали, и их увезли в больницу; Автобус столкнулся с автомашиной; Не занесёт ли
машину на мокрой дороге?; У меня назначена встреча на 11.30; Она могла бы идти
намного быстрее; Насчёт этого можно не опасаться; управлял машиной в состоя-
нии алкогольного опьянения; Вот что я вам скажу; В России все машины держатся
правой стороны; Пожалуйста, постарайтесь успеть к этому времени; Но спешка
спешкой, а я никогда не проеду на красный свет; Пожалуйста, доставьте меня в
Хай Барнет и поскорее; Во всяком случае, это было нарушение правил дорожного
движения; Как водитель автобуса, так и водитель легковой машины сильно по-
страдали; законопослушный водитель; Водитель автомашины превысил скорость
и проявил небрежность при повороте за угол; На днях я был свидетелем ужасного
несчастного случая; Могут тормоза нас остановить, прежде чем мы доедем до того
перекрестка?; Вот мы выбираемся из потока машин; Ей-богу, она может развивать
неплохую скорость; Я не могу привыкнуть к вашим правилам дорожного движе-
ния; Если вы едете по правой стороне, то вы едете неправильно, а если по левой, то
правильно; Посмотрим, как она набирает скорость; лишиться водительских прав.

1) Can the brakes pull us … … this speed? 2) ... any rate; 3) Let her ... a bit. 4) Be snappy
... it. 5) Many passengers were taken ... hospital. 6) No fear ... that. 7) The lights are ...
us. 8) I can’t get used ... your rule ... the road. 9) All vehicles keep ... the left. 10) Please
try to make it ... then. 11) Was there any loss ... life? 12) We are getting … … the traffic.
13) A bus collided ... a motor car. 14) Keep it … … this speed.
Exercise 3. Supply synonyms of these words, phrases and sentences:

Please take me to High Barnet and be quick about it; luckily; traffic regulations; to drive
while under the influence; to stop a car.

1. Why was the tourist in a hurry?
2. What terrible accident did the taxi driver witness?
3. Who was to blame?
4. What happened to the passengers of the bus?
5. What is the difference between the Russian and English rules of the road?
6. What is the opposite of ‘the taxi is busy’?
Exercise 5. Which of these 5 things about motor cars did you know?
Five things you never knew about… motor cars

WILLIAM HARTSTON
1. The average Briton makes 645 car must walk at least 60 yards ahead of
journeys a year. any car.
2. In Los Angeles, there are more cars 4. Drunken driving first became illegal
than people; in Somalia, there are in 1872.
about 200 times as many camels as 5. A car number plate bearing only the
cars. number ‘1’ sold for a record £7.1 m at
3. The Locomotive Act of 1865 speci- a charity auction in the United Arab
fied that a person carrying a red flag Emirates in February 2008.
216 Unit 31
Exercise 6. Test your knowledge of the UK Highway Code to see if you could pass
a driving test in Britain.
DAILY EXPRESS 4.7. 2007, р. 11
Do you know your Highway Code?

1. A. Warning — cars towing caravans ahead
B. No towed caravans allowed
C. Caravan resting place ahead
2. A. Level crossing without barrier

B. Gate ahead
C. Level crossing
3. A. Holiday route
B. High road
C. Hotel on the right
4. A. Two-way traffic
B. Give way to oncoming vehicles
C. Traffic has priority over oncoming vehicles
5. A. Speed limit is 30mph

B. Minimum speed is 30mph
C. Vehicles should travel at 30mph
6. A. Vehicles may catch fire

B. Emergency vehicles only
C. No vehicles carrying explosives
Exercise 7. In this transcript1, find the English equivalents for скопление автомашин;
образуются пробки; обстановка на дорогах; закрыть движение по часовой
стрелке; нет крупных пробок.
This is Radio Solent Travel News

Queues are building on M27 near Ower, but no major delays reported between South-
ampton and Portsmouth. There is a car congestion on A337 near Lyndhurst, M25 is
closed clockwise.
1
transcript — зд.: текст радиопередачи
On the whole, the English are well- even if there are no pedestrians in sight.
behaved on the roads. They use their If there are any, they screech to a halt
horns sparingly and often let other and wait patiently for them to cross.
drivers in ahead of them. This comes as a surprise to foreigners
Punctilious in their observation of who are used to blessing themselves
traffic signs, they will wait at traffic- on the kerb before scuttling across the
light-controlled pedestrian crossings road like rabbits.

1. How do the English behave on the roads (as a rule)?
2. How do foreigners take it?
Huge rise in amber gamblers
MOST drivers flout the law at traffic say they have driven through an amber
lights, ignoring the risk of a serious ac- signal.
cident, according to a survey. Thirty-five per cent of all drivers
As many as 85 per cent admit “am- don’t know it is an offence and 16 per
ber gambling” — trying to race through cent regard amber as green.
lights about to turn red. Thirteen per cent of drivers say their
Frighteningly, among the least- recklessness has resulted in an accident
experienced 17-year-olds, 88 per cent or a near miss.

1. What colour traffic lights are there besides red and green?
2. What do most drivers do when they see traffic lights turn to amber?
3. Why do they do that?
4. What has their recklessness resulted in?
218 Unit 31
THE SUNDAY TELEGRAPH 31.7.2011, p. 6
Organ decision for new drivers

All new drivers will be forced to choose whether they wish their organs to be do-
nated, under rules to be introduced tomorrow.
Careless driver who caused death avoids jail

Yasmin Madigan, 46, who had four speeding convictions, pulled into the path of Mi-
chael Selwood’s Audi A3 when she tried to overtake a lorry. Mr Selwood, 47, was in
a collision with an oncoming car and died in hospital from his injuries. Madigan was
given a six-month jail term suspended for 18 months. Michael Marks, a magistrate
at Barnsley, said they did not want to “destroy another family”.

1. Why do you think did the organ donation problem arise for drivers?
2. Who died in a car accident?
3. How did that happen?
4. Why wasn’t Mr. Madigan jailed?
Exercise 9. Here are a Driving Licence and a Counterpart Driving Licence. Read and
translate them (use a dictionary where necessary). What do they have in common with
a Russian Driving Licence and where do they differ? In your answers, use the syntactic
patterns listed in Exercise 5, Unit 25 (Moscow and London public transport compared).
DRIVER AND VEHICLE LICENSING AGENCE

Keep this safe
Counterpart Driving Licence E 3135469
Important Document — The photocard and paper counterpart should be kept together. Both must be produced when required.
DAVID
33 STANHOPE AVENUE 070481670154
FINCHLEY 0391505300
LONDON
N3 3LX Driver number Issue number
24034
304211 D99GX 84A
Entitlement History
Provisional Entitiement (see booklet INS57P for category details) (see Section 3 overleaf)
Category From Until Codes Category From Until Codes Category From Codes
A 21 07 76 21 07 76
GH 20 04 10 20 04 10
Endorsements (as supplied by convicting Court) See booklet INSS7P for offence codes
Convicting Date of conviction Offence Date of offence Fine Disqual. Penalty
Other
Court code Day Month Year code Day Month Year £ period points
NOTE: < means “earlier than”

You may only drive the above if
you hold current entitlement for
a higher category.
Official Use
Changes to your permanent address, please write clearly in the boxes using CAPITAL LETTERS IN BLACK INK. (See Section 5 overleaf)
New house No. New Post Code
New address
This document must not be used for change of name. For change of name please refer to the D1, which can be obtained
from Post Office® branches.
Send the completed form with your photocard licence to DVLA, Swansea, SA991BN
Sign in
the white box Date An executive agency
to confirm changes of the Department for
1/05 Transport
E 3135469
220 Unit 31
THIS DOCUMENT is the Counterpart as defined in 2 Motorcyclists — special conditions

the Road Traffic Act. It is an important document At age 17 or over, motorcyclists are restricted to motorcycles up to
and should be kept safely. Please read the en- 25kW and with a power/weight ratio not exceeding 0.16kW/kg,
closed booklet INS57P “Driving Licence Informa- for two years (not counting any period of disqualification) after
tion” which contains further explanatory notes obtaining the full standard category A licence. After 2 years any
regarding entitlements, endorsement codes etc. size motorcycle can be ridden. If you hold a full category A licence
The photocard and paper counterpart should be and reach the age of 21 before the two year qualifying period ends,
kept together. Both must be produced when re- you may opt to take a further test on a motorcycle with a power
quired. output of at least 35kW (46.6bhp) to gain immediate access to
all motorcycles. Full motorcycle licence holders have entitlement
IMPORTANT — Check Your Documents to tow trailers providing they comply with Construction and Use
Please check the details shown on your licence and counterpart. Regulations 1986.
The address which appears on your licence is the Post Office pre- 3 Entitlement History
ferred format and may not be identical to the address given on your ion contains details of any previous entitlement held which super-
application form. If anything is wrong, return both your licence and seded by a higher category.
counterpart to DVLA, Swansea, SA99 1BN with a letter telling us
about the mistakes. 4 Minimum ages for driving
Keep a separate note of your driver number so that you can quote These notes are intended only as a general guide. For precise in-
it if you have to contact Customer Enquiries (Drivers), DVLA. formation about minimum ages and an explanation of the vehicle
Please ring between 8.00am and 8.30pm Monday to Friday and categories, please refer to the enclosed booklet INS57P which ac-
8.00am to 5.30pm on Saturday. companied your licence, or leaflet D100 obtainable from Post Of-
Tel: 0870 240 0009 for Driving Licence enquiries fice® branches.
0870 240 0010 for Vehicle enquiries At 16 Categories K,P
Minicom users only: At 17 Categories Al, A, Bl, В, B+E, F
Tel: 01792 766366 for Driving Licence enquiries At 18 Categories Cl
01792 766426 for Vehicle enquiries At 21 Categories G, H, Cl+E, С, C+E, Dl, Dl+E, D, D+E
1 Provisional Licence — restrictions/conditions The age limits above may not apply to drivers of vehicles used for
military purposes.
Before driving as a provisional licence holder please read this
section and also the notes covering the conditions/restrictions 5 Changes to name, permanent address and health
in the booklet INS57P which accompanied your licence. You must tell DVLA at once of any change to your permanent
When using a provisional licence you: address, using the section provided overleaf. You need only no-
– must tify a change of address in GB. An address outside GB can-
• carry L plates (D or L plates in Wales) which are clearly visible not be entered on your licence. If your surname or forenames
from the front and back of the vehicle; have changed, you will need to complete the appropriate sections
• be accompanied by a supervisor who is age 21 or over and: on the Dl application form available from Post Office branches.
– for ordinary motorcar purposes has been the holder of a full In all cases both your photocard licence and this paper coun-
licence for at least 3 years: terpart must be returned to DVLA, Swansea, SA99 1BN.
– for LGV/PCV learner drivers, be accompanied by a full LGV/PCV Please remember also to change your address on any Vehicle Reg-
licence holder who has held the same class of entitlement as istration Documents (V5 or V5C) that you possess.
the person being supervised for at least 3 years. If you have a medical condition which has become worse since
must not this licence/counterpart was issued or you develop any new condi-
• ride a solo moped or motorcycle on the road without completing tion you must w iile and inform the Drivers Medical Branch, DVLA,
Compulsory Basic Training; Swansea, SA99 ITU of the nature of your condition, as it may affect
• ride a motorcycle over 125cc (llkW/14.6bhp) as a learner unless your fitness to drive. The medical rules for driving are outlined in
you are age 21 or over and are supervised by a certified Direct the booklet 1NS57P which accompanied your licence.
Access instructor;
• carry a pillion passenger; Failure to notify any changes as described above is a crimi-
• drive or ride a vehicle to which a trailer is attached unless it is an nal offence, punishable by a fine up to £1000.
agricultural tractor or an articulated vehicle; A deceased person’s driving licence and counterpart document
• drive an agricultural tractor on a road at age 16 unless you are must be returned to DVLA, Swansea, SA99 1AB with a covering
going to, taking, or returning from a driving test. letter.
If you use another name for professional or other purposes, please print name in the box provided and provide specimen signature.
Print name Signature
Exercise 10. Find in the above photocard1 and in the counterpart the English equiva-
lents of the following Russian words and phrases:
лишение прав на срок; категория транспортного средства; дата выдачи; умерший
человек; транспортное средство; штраф; заполненный бланк; инструктор; нару-
шения; суд; срок действия прав; образец подписи; признание виновным; действи-
тельно до; шифр нарушения; штрафные баллы.
1. What is the holder’s first name?
2. How old is he?
3. Where was he born?
4. When did he get his first driving licence (“From”)?
5. What is the expiry date of the present licence (“Until”)?
6. What authority was it issued by?
7. What is its address?
8. What is the holder’s address?
9. What is his postcode?
10. How many motoring offences (“endorsements”) did he get?
11. What are the dos and don’ts if you are a provisional licence holder [LGV=larger goods vehi-
cle (грузовая автомашина); PCV=passenger carrying vehicle (легковая автомашина)]?
12. What are special conditions for motorcyclists?
13. What is the driver supposed to do if his medical condition has become worse?
14. What if he or she fails to do that?
15. What is the short for a learner’s plate?
16. What must be a supervisor’s age?
Exercise 11. Besides hit-and-run accidents, there are prang-and-run ones. Find out
from this clipping where they differ.
13M prang
and runs
AT least 13 million drivers in the UK are guilty of bumping their car into another
vehicle and driving off, a study reveals.
Only seven per cent of the 1,000 drivers asked in the study said they went back
because they felt guilty. Prang and run accidents are common.
Exercise 12. This is how a British court may penalise an offending driver. Read and
translate this code (use a dictionary where necessary). How does it compare with ours?
1
photocard — удостоверение с фотокарточкой
222 Unit 31
ENDORSEMENT OFFENCE CODES DR60 Failure to provide a specimen for alcohol analysis in
circumstances other than driving or attempting to drive ... 10
The following is a guide to the number of penalty points a court DR61 Failure to provide a specimen for drug analysis in
may impose, it does not reflect the fact that some offences may circumstances other than driving or attempting to drive .... 10
incur a disqualification. These codes are recorded on licences from DR70 Failing to provide specimen for breath test ....................... 4
information supplied by the courts — any queries about them DR80 Driving or attempting to drive when unfit through drugs ... 3–11
should be addressed to the courts which imposed them. DR90 In charge of a vehicle when unfit through drugs............... 0
Insurance Offences
Code Accident Offences Penalty I N10 Using a vehicle uninsured against third party risks ...... 6–8
Points Licence Offences
AC10 Failing to stop after an accident ................................ 5–10 LC20 Driving otherwise than in accordance with a licence ....3–6
AC20 Failing to give particulars or to report LC30 Driving after making a false declaration about fitness
an accident within 24 hours ...................................... 5–10 when applying for a licence ...........................................3-6
AC30 Undefined accident offences ....................................... 4–9 LC40 Driving a vehicle having failed to notify a disability ......3–6
Disqualified Driver LC50 Driving after a licence has been revoked or refused on
BA10 Driving while disqualified by order of court ..................... 6 medical grounds ...........................................................3–6
BA30 Attempting to drive while disqualified by order of court .. 6 Miscellaneous Offences
Careless Driving MS10 Leaving a vehicle in a dangerous position ......................... 3
CD10 Driving without due care and attention ....................... 3–9 MS20 Unlawful pillion riding ...................................................... 3
CD20 Driving without reasonable consideration for other road users . 3–9 MS30 Play street offences ........................................................... 2
CD30 Driving without due care and attention or without MS50 Motor racing on the highway .....................................3–11
reasonable consideration for other road users ............ 3–9 MS60 Offences not covered by other codes as appropriate
CD40 Causing death through careless driving when MS70 Driving with uncorrected defective eyesight .................... 3
unfit through drink .................................................... 3–11 MS80 Refusing to submit to an eyesight test ............................. 3
CD50 Causing death by careless driving when unfit through MS90 Failure to give information as to identity of driver etc ....... 3
drugs. ............................................................................. 11 Motorway Offences
CD60 Causing death by careless driving with alcohol MW10 Contravention of Special Roads Regulations
level above the limit .................................................. 3–11 (excluding speed limits).................................................... 3
CD70 Causing death by careless driving then failing Pedestrian Crossings
to supply a specimen for alcohol analysis ...................3–11 PC10 Undefined Contravention of Pedestrian Crossing Regulations .. 3
CD71 Causing death by careless driving then failing PC20 Contravention of Pedestrian Crossing Regulations
to supply a specimen for drug analysis ...................... 3–11 with moving vehicle ......................................................... 3
Construction & Use Offences PC30 Contravention of Pedestrian Crossing Regulations
CU10 Using a vehicle with defective brakes ............................... 3 with stationary vehicle ..................................................... 3
CU20 Causing or likely to cause danger by reason of use Speed Limits
of unsuitable vehicle or using a vehicle with parts SP10 Exceeding goods vehicle speed limits ...........................3–6
or accessories (excluding brakes, steering or tyres), SP20 Exceeding speed limit for type of vehicle
in a dangerous condition ................................................. 3 (excluding goods or passenger vehicles) .......................3–6
CU30 Using a vehicle with defective tyre(s) ............................... 3 SP30 Exceeding statutory speed limit on a public road ..........3–6
CU40 Using a vehicle with defective steering ............................ 3 SP40 Exceeding passenger vehicle speed limit ......................3–6
CU50 Causing or likely to cause danger by reason of load SP50 Exceeding speed limit on a motorway ..........................3–6
or passengers ..................................................................... 3 SP60 Undefined speed limit offence .....................................3–6
CU80 Breach of requirements as to control of the vehicle, Traffic Direction and Signs
mobile telephones etc ..................................................... 3 TS10 Failing to comply with traffic light signals ....................... 3
Reckless/Dangerous Driving TS20 Failing to comply with double white lines ........................ 3
DD40 Dangerous Driving .....................................................3–11 TS30 Failing to comply with a ‘Stop’ sign ................................... 3
DD60 Manslaughter or culpable homicide while driving TS40 Failing to comply with direction of a constable/warden ... 3
a vehicle......................................................................3–11 TS50 Failing to comply with a traffic sign (excluding ‘stop’,
DD80 Causing death by dangerous driving ..........................3–11 signs traffic lights or double white lines) .......................... 3
Drink or Drugs TS60 Failing to comply with a school crossing patrol sign ......... 3
DR10 Driving or attempting to drive with alcohol level TS70 Undefined failure to comply with a traffic direction sign .... 3
above limit .................................................................3–11 Special Code
DR20 Driving or attempting to drive while unfit through TT99 To signify a disqualification under ‘totting up’ procedure.
drink ..........................................................................3–11 If the total of penalty points reaches 12 or more within
DR30 Driving or attempting to drive then failing to supply 3 years, the driver is liable to be disqualified.
a specimen for alcohol analysis ..................................3–11 N.B. (The individual offences which lead to this
DR31 Driving or attempting to drive then failing to supply disqualification are removed from both the drivers record
a specimen for drug analysis ..................................... 3–11 and driving licence upon issue of a new driving licence).
DR40 In charge of a vehicle while alcohol level above limit ..... 10 Theft or Unauthorised Taking
DR50 In charge of a vehicle while unfit through drink ............. 10 UT50 Aggravated taking of a vehicle....................................3–11
Aiding, Abetting, Counselling or Procuring period) DVLA will automatically revoke your licence on
Offences as coded on pages 16–17, but with 0 changed being notified by a court or fixed penalty office. You will
to 2 eg. LC10 becomes LC12 then have to~surrender your full licence and obtain a new
Causing or permitting provisional licence, drive as a learner, pass the theory and
Offences as coded, but with 0 changed to 4 eg. practical test again in order to regain your full driving li-
LC10 becomes LC14 cence.
Inciting There is no appeal against such automatic revocation. The only ap-
Offences as coded, but with 0 changed to 6 eg. DD40 becomes DD46 peal available is against the conviction for which the penalty points
Periods of time were awarded; the court will be able to advise you on the process
Periods of time are signified as follows: D=Days, if you believe you have a case. If you do make such an appeal, once
M=Months,Y=Years the court notifies DVLA the revocation will be suspended until the
Endorsements remain on a counterpart document for: outcome of the appeal.
• 11 years from date of conviction for offences relating to drink/ If you accept a Fixed Penalty Notice you cannot appeal.
drugs and driving, causing death by careless driving whilst under Penalty points counting towards the total of 6 include any you
the influence of drink/drugs and causing death by careless driv- incurred before passing the test, as long as the offence took place
ing then failing to provide a specimen for analysis not more than 3 years before the latest penalty point offence.
• 4 years from date of conviction for reckless/dangerous driving Points imposed after the probationary period will also count if
and offences resulting in disqualification the offence was committed during that period.
• 4 years from the date of offence in all other cases. Passing the retest will not remove the penalty points from
your licence, and if the total reaches 12, you are liable to be
At the appropriate time, you can apply to remove your disqualified by a court.
endorsement(s) from your counterpart by completing a D1 applica-
tion form available for order from www.direct.gov.uk/motoring
or from Post Office® branches. Short Period Disqualification (SPD)
(The photocard and counterpart should also be returned). If you are disqualified for less than 56 days, the court will stamp
your counterpart document and give it back to you.
The Road Traffic (New Drivers) Act 1995 The stamp will tell you how long you are disqualified for.
This Act will affect you if you first passed a driving test on You do not need to renew your licence when the Short Period Dis-
or after 1 June 1997. If you reach 6 or more penalty points qualification ends. Your driving entitlement becomes valid again
within two years of passing that test (the probationary the day after the expiry of the disqualification.
Exercise 13. Read and translate this clipping about consequences1 of an accident
(use a dictionary where necessary). Find here the answers to these questions:
1) Where did the accident happen?
2) When?
3) What measures were taken?
4) With what consequence?
5) How many people were injured?
Miles of tailbacks after M25 crash

Thousands of motorists were delayed Surrey. M23 slip roads were also shut,
for hours yesterday when a minibus causing miles of tailbacks.
overturned on the M25 at the begin- Three passengers in an easyBus
ning of the evening rush hour. were taken to hospital, one with seri-
The clockwise carriageway was ous leg injuries.
closed between junctions 7 and 8 in
1
consequence — последствие
224 Unit 31
Exercise 14. This news item deals with the subject of speeding. Read and translate it
(use a dictionary where necessary). Find here the answers to these questions:
1. What is £80k?
2. What was the fine1?
3. When was it to be paid?
METRO 26.5. 2005, p. 11
Speeding Rio (£80k a week) fined £1,500
BY STEPHEN HULL
RIO FERDINAND was warned yesterday Ferdinand’s lawyer Barry Warbur-
that he is a bad role model for young- ton told the court in Newcastle-under-
sters after he was banned from driving Lyme: ‘It was early on a Sunday morn-
for speeding at 105mph. ing, there was very little traffic on the
The £30million Manchester United motorway, the weather conditions
and England footballer — said to earn were fine and visibility was good.’
£80,000 a week — was disqualified for He added: ‘I don’t plan to go into
28 days and fined £1,500. The maxi- detail about his finances but I can say
mum penalty for speeding on a motor- the fine can be paid within seven days.’
way is £2,500.
Exercise 15. In the dialogue below, find the answers to these questions:
1. Why did the pedestrian ask for a lift2?
2. What tip did the motorist give him?
3. What did the pedestrian think of it?
4. Why did the motorist glare3 at the pedestrian and drive off4 without a word?
Pedestrian (to motorist stopping at traffic lights): Could you give me a lift to Christch-
urch? It’s Sunday and buses are few and far between5.
Motorist (pointing ahead): See that phone booth? Go and call a taxi.
Pedestrian: Thanks for the tip. If it were raining now, you would give me the address of
a shop where they sell umbrellas, wouldn’t you?
(Motorist glares at pedestrian and drives off without a word.)
1
fine — штраф; ср. выше: to fine — штрафовать
2
to ask for a lift — просить подвезти
3
to glare — смотреть злобно
4
to drive off — уезжать
5
few and far between — крайне редки
Exercise 16. This is what sometimes happens to gear-happy drivers. Read the speed-
ing tickets (квитанции на оплату штрафа за превышение скорости) below (use
a dictionary where necessary). Find there the answers to these questions: 1) What
office sent the tickets? 2) Who was the addressee? 3) What was he accused of? 4) What
was he threatened with? 5) What alternative was he offered?
CENTRAL TICKET OFFICE

DORSET POLICE D.W.ALDOUS Q.P.M. M.A. (Oxon)
Chief Constable
HEADQUARTERS
WINFRITH, DORCHESTER, DT2 8DZ Your reference 2423154
In any reference please quote
Telephone (01305) 223889/223807 Telex 417157
Date 4/04/98
Facsimile 01305 223814
MR CHRISTOPHER JAMES BIGGINS

386 WHITSBURY ROAD
FORDINGBRIDGE HANTS SP3 7BR
COMBINED SECTION 172 NOTICE AND NOTICE OF INTENDED PROSECUTION

NOTICE OF INTENDED PROSECUTION
In accordance with Section 1, Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988, notice is hereby given that
proceedings are contemplated against the driver of motor vehicle registration number
D247PPR for an alleged offence of EXCESS SPEED 30MPH LIMIT 27 / 03 / 98 AT 17.22 at
DUNYEATS ROAD, BROADSTONE EASTBOUND TOWARDS GRAVEL HILL contrary to SEC.89
(1) ROAD TRAFFIC REGULATION ACT 1984.
THIS ALLEGATION IS SUPPORTED BY MEANS OF PHOTOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE

*(1) You are recorded as the registered keeper of the above mentioned vehicle at the
time of the alleged offence and you are required to provide the full names and
address of the driver at the time of the alleged offence.
*(2) You have been named as the driver of the vehicle at the time of the alleged of-
fence. If this is so, you are required to provide your full name and address. If you
were not the driver at the time of the alleged offence, you are required to give
any information in your power which may lead to the driver’s identification.
UNDER SECTION 172 OF THE ROAD TRAFFIC ACT 1988 YOU ARE REQUIRED TO SUPPLY THE
INFORMATION REQUESTED ABOVE WITHIN 28 DAYS OF SERVICE OF THIS NOTICE. ON CON-
VICTION FOR FAILURE TO SUPPLY THE INFORMATION, THE PENALTY IS SIMILAR TO THAT FOR
THE ALLEGED OFFENCE ITSELF — A FINE AND PENALTY POINTS.
PLEASE PROVIDE THE INFORMATION ON THE REVERSE OF THIS NOTICE.
PS 1516 SHEPPARD
Officer in Charge, Central Ticket Office
Authorised Officer For
and Behalf Of Chief Constable
*Delete as appropriate
226 Unit 31
CFPN 50
Rev 10/95
CONDITIONAL OFFER OF A FIXED PENALTY
1. Sections 75 to 77 of the Road Traffic Offenders Act 1988 (as amended) provide that
where there is sufficient evidence to justify the commencement of criminal proceedings
for certain offences, and no fixed penalty has already been issued, then a conditional
offer of a fixed penalty may be made instead of prosecution. If you can fulfil the con-
ditions of such an offer you are discharged from liability to conviction of the offence
and no proceedings will be instituted against you. If, however, you do not meet those
conditions you will remain liable to conviction of the offence and proceedings will be
commenced against you.
The Conditions of This Offer of Fixed Penalty
2. To meet the conditions of this offer you must not have more than eight penalty points
endorsed on your licence and you must pay the fixed penalty of £40.00 and deliver your
licence and its counterpart* as indicated below within the 28 day period of this notice.
The Procedure
3. To have your case considered for a fixed penalty you must within 28 days of this notice
send the fixed penalty of £40.00 with your licence and its counterpart* to the Fixed Pen-
alty Clerk whose address is given overleaf.
THE TEAR-OFF SECTION OVERLEAF MUST ACCOMPANY YOUR PAYMENT AND LICENCE.
4. The Fixed Penalty Clerk will inspect your licence to satisfy himself about the require-
ments given in paragraph 2 above, your licence will be endorsed with three penalty
points, returned to you and your liability to be convicted of the offence will be dis-
charged.
5. If you do NOT fulfil the requirements in paragraph 2 above, your licence, its counterpart*
and the Fixed Penalty paid will be returned to you. Proceedings for the offence will then
be commenced against you.
How to Pay
6. You must pay the full amount. Payment by instalments is not accepted. You must pay by
cheque, postal order, cash or credit card. If you send cash please use the Registered Post.
Please cross cheques/postal orders and make them payable to the Clerk to the Justices.
For payment by credit card, please telephone (01202) 711844.
* Ignore this reference to counterpart if your licence came into force before 1 June 1990.
CENTRAL TICKET OFFICE

DORSET POLICE D.W.ALDOUS Q.P.M. M.A. (Oxon)
Chief Constable
HEADQUARTERS
WINFRITH, DORCHESTER, DT2 8DZ Your reference 2423154
Telephone (01305) 223889/223807 Telex 417157 In any reference please quote
Facsimile 01305 223814 Date 17/04/98
MR CHRISTOPHER JAMES BIGGINS

386 WHITSBURY ROAD
FORDINGBRIDGE HANTS SP3 7BR
CONDITIONAL OFFER OF A FIXED PENALTY NOTICE

We have evidence that you were the driver of vehicle D247PPR at the time of the alleged
offence of EXCESS SPEED 30MPH LIMIT on 27/03/98 at 17.22 hours,
Recorded speed 43 mph. DUNYEATS ROAD, BROADSTONE EASTBOUND TOWARDS
GRAVEL HILL
contrary to SEC.89 (1) ROAD TRAFFIC REGULATION ACT 1984 The allegation is supported by
photographic evidence.
The offence carries a maximum penalty of £400.
If it is your wish to contest this allegation in court you may do so. If you do NOT wish to
contest the matter then it MAY be possible to deal with it by a fixed penalty of £40 and
the endorsement of 3 penalty points on your licence, by post without the need for court
proceedings.
If you wish to be considered for a fixed penalty please read the instructions overleaf and
follow them up carefully. YOU HAVE 28 DAYS FROM THE DATE ON THIS NOTICE TO TAKE
UP THIS CONDITIONAL OFFER. No proceedings will be instituted against you during that
period, but failure to respond to this notice within that period will lead to proceedings. In
those circumstances you will have an opportunity to have a court hearing of the issue.
MS E. ROSE
pp Officer in Charge *NB (if applicable)
Central Ticket Office The speed referred to is
in miles per hour (mph).
YOUR DRIVING LICENCE WILL BE RETURNED BY THE CLERK TO THE JUSTICES WITHIN 21 DAYS.
ANY QUERIES PLEASE RING 01202 700844
Exercise 17. These are a court’s decision to fine a driver £20 and a receipt for the
said sum. Read and translate them (use a dictionary where necessary). Find the an-
swers to these questions: 1) What was the driver’s name? 2) How old was he at the
time? 3) What was he fined for? 4) What court heard the case? 5) When was the court’s
decision taken? 6) When and where was the fine paid? 7) Now many penalty points
(штрафные баллы) were imposed?
228
HAMPSHIRE MAGISTRATE’S CLERK’S OFFICE № 211387

Unit 31
Bal. O/S Date Paid Amount Receipt

Before RECEIVED FROM Case No.
P.O.
Cash
D. M. Y. Received No.
Cheque
Payment
20 — J. Ferris 17 2658 11 7 85 20 — 211387
The amount stated hereon as “Amount Received”
Alfred Gilbert&Sons Ltd.
For Clerk to the Justices AG-00033-82 Nw9 6NU IRV.F3/C2. Form 9
TO: John Ferris SOUTHAMPTON Date of Decision Case No

Dibden Monor, MAGISTRATES’ COURT (1775) 3.7.85 12|2658
Dibden
X Denotes Driving Licence Endorsed with Penalty Date
Southampton SOU STD of Birth 23.8.28
Points and forwarded to the DVLC. The number (fol-
lowing X is the number of Penalty Points imposed. Address for Payment
All enquiries regarding your licence should be ad-
dressed to the Driver Enquiry Unit, DVLC, Swansea The Clerk to the Justices
SA6 7JL quoting your full name and date of birth. Fines&Fees Department
51–59 Commercial Road
X Offence of Charge 16.5.85 Compensation Costs Fines/Fees Legal Aid Southampton S09 3TL
To be paid by Telephone: SOUTHAMPTON 35911
X3 20 —
7 days
Office Hours:
TOTAL AMOUNT DUE Monday to Friday
10.00 a.m. to 4.00 p.m.
TOTAL 20 — 20 —
You nave been ordered to pay the sums shown above, on the terms shown.
FERRI 208238 Payment may be made personally or by post at the address shown.
Crossed Cheques and Postal Orders should be made payable to the Justices Clerk .
J99WM Cash should not be sent in unregistered envelopes.
F. Any communication sent by post must be properly stamped. If a receipt is required, a stamped addressed envelope must
be sent with payment.
Endorsed + returned Failure to pay in accordance with the above directions may result in a distress warrant being issued against you or a warrant
for your arrest unless you have been granted further time for payment; Application for further time for payment may be
to your solicitor made in writing to the Justices’ Cleric stating the grounds for the application.
NOTE: THIS NOTICE SHOULD BE SENT WITH ANY PAYMENT OR APPLICATION.
AN OFFICIAL RECEIPT WILL BE THE ONLY RECOGNISED PROOF OF PAYMENT.
Exercise 18. The same accident was reported by two newspapers. Read and translate
both clippings (use a dictionary where necessary). What details reported by the Sun-
day Mirror were overlooked by the Sunday Express?
SUNDAY MIRROR 29.7.2007, p. 8
HIT-RUN
tot dies
By Fiona James
A THREE-YEAR-OLD boy died in hos- “We have spoken to the driver and
pital yesterday after he was knocked we are making further inquiries.
down by a hit-and-run driver. “I am not able to confirm what ac-
The toddler was taken to hospital tions we are taking in respect of the
after he was hit by a Peugeot 307 in the driver at this time.” He added: “We are
St Mellon’s area of Cardiff. The driver appealing for witnesses.” The boy, who
sped off and the car was later found has not yet been named, was believed
a few miles away. to have been with two other children of
Inspector Chris Daniel of South a similar age when the crash happened.
Wales Police said:
SUNDAY EXPRESS 29.7.2007, p. 40
Hit-run toddler dies
A three-year-old boy was playing out- The boy was hit by a blue Peuge-
side his home when he was hit by ot 307 in St Mellons, Cardiff. The car
a passing car which failed to stop. was later found abandoned three
Police said the child, who has not miles away in Roath. Forensic experts
been named, died in hospital, surround- were yesterday examining the vehi-
ed by his family. Two youngsters he had cle.
been playing with were unharmed.
230 Unit 31
Exercise 19. These clippings are about drink-driving. After reading and translating
them answer these questions:
1. How many children were orphaned1?
2. What will the drink-driver be sentenced2 for?
3. What is a b test?
4. What did the Liberal-Democrat transport spokesman3 say?
THE SUN 10.8.2005, p. 17
Boozer’s killer car
A DRUNK-driver who flung a mum-of- EIGHT kids and two women to “show
three to her death at a charity bash was off ”.
facing ten years in jail yesterday. Clayton, of Royton, Oldham, will
Delwyn Clayton, 42, was twice the be sentenced next month for causing
legal limit when he got into a VW Pas- death by careless driving.
sat, which had no roof or seatbelts, with
30% Fewer В tests
by PAUL GlLFEATHER Political Editor

POLICE chiefs have been accused of lar speeding motorists, drink-drivers go
going easy on drink-drivers after new free.
figures showed a 30 per cent fall in the He said: “Drink-driving awareness
number of roadside breath tests. campaigns are all well and good but
Lib-Dem transport spokesman Tom they must be backed up by action.”
Brake said that while cameras help col-
1
to orphan — делать сиротой
2
to sentence — приговаривать (судом)
3
spokesman — представитель, выступающий от имени группы или организации
After reading this clipping, answer the question:

What disturbing trend1 has been recorded? What figures prove that?
Drink driving on rise among under-25s
Drink driving is increasing among un- a breath test has risen by 15 per cent
der-25s, show figures released by the since last summer. The proportion of
police. motorists of all ages who either refused
The proportion of young drivers ei- to take a test or tested positive was
ther testing positive or refusing to take more than eight per cent up on 2009.
Exercise 20. Besides drink-driving (Exercise 19), there is such a crime as drug-driving2.
There, instead of breath-analysing, suspected drug-drivers have to stand for 30 sec-
onds with their head raised, walk a strait line and touch their nose with one movement.
Read and translate this clipping about drug-driving (use a dictionary where necessary)
to find out how George Michael became a drug-driver and how he was punished.
DAILY MAIL 9.6.2007, p. 9
Michael’s singing lesson penalty

By Brian Farmer
GEORGE Michael could give singing The singer’s solicitor, Brian Spiro,
lessons in youth clubs as part of his sen- told the court that Michael had taken
tence for drug-driving. a sleeping pill to counter insomnia,
The singer escaped jail when he ap- but decided to drive from his Highgate
peared in court yesterday but was given home to his house in Hampstead to
100 hours’ community service after ad- watch a DVD of his latest concert.
mitting driving while unfit through drugs. District Judge Katherine Marshall
Police found the car stopped at traffic also gave the singer, who appeared un-
lights with Michael slumped at the wheel. der his real name of George Panayiotou,
Blood tests showed a cocktail of an immediate two-year driving ban and
drugs including an antidepressant,
ordered him to pay £2,325 costs.
sleeping pill, cannabis and the illegal
dance club drug GHB.
1
trend — тенденция, тренд
2
drug-driving — управление автомашиной в состоянии наркотического опьянения
232 Unit 31
Exercise 21. George Michael seems to be incorrigible1. Hardly has his two-year driv-
ing ban ended when he resumed2 his drug-driving. Read this clipping and suggest
what should be done. Will five years’ jail help?
George Michael faces five years’ jail

on drug and driving charges
By Mark Reynolds
TROUBLED pop star George Michael from a Gay Pride event, then climbed
was yesterday charged with possessing out of his 4x4 and waited for police to
cannabis and driving while under the arrive.
influence of drink or drugs. The former Wham! star was not
If convicted, he could be jailed for breathalysed, insisting to officers he
up to five years. had not been drinking. However, he
Michael, 47, was arrested near his was later tested for drugs at a north
home in Hampstead, north London, in London police station.
the early hours of July 4 after a crash in No drugs were recovered from the
which he drove into a shop front. car.
He was charged yesterday morning The incident is the seventh time
when he went to answer bail at a police that Michael, who has previously ad-
station in Camden. mitted being a cannabis user, has been
Michael, whose real name is Geor- investigated by police for his driving.
gios Panayiotou, was released again He was banned for two years in 2007
on bail and will appear in court next and sentenced to 100 hours of com-
month. munity service after admitting driv-
The singer is understood to have ing while unfit due to drugs. In 2008
been caught on CCTV mounting a kerb he also apologised to fans after being
in his Range Rover before ploughing cautioned by police for possessing
into a branch of Snappy Snaps. The drugs. He promised then to “sort him-
shocked singer, who was returning self out”.
1
incorrigible [nkrdbl] — неисправим
2
to resume — возобновлять
Exercise 22. The same fact may be presented in different ways by different papers.
Here are two such facts reported by the Daily Mirror and The Sun. Whose presentation
do you like better and why?
Law and udder THE SUN 21.8.2005, p.30
Don’t moove
A COW has been put in prison after it
was blamed for a road accident with
a motorcycle in Giron, Colombia.
A COW has been “arrested” and
jailed in Giron, Colombia, after be-
ing blamed for a road accident in
which a woman was injured.
Tom, 100, drives on

THE SUN 10.8.2005, p. 19
TOM Soulby, stripped of his licence Tom’s U-turn

on his 100th birthday, is back driving
after convincing the DVLA and his
doctor he is fit. A DRIVER stripped of his licence on
Tom, who has an 82-year un- becoming 100 was given it back yes-
blemished record, lost his licence terday after a surprise U-turn.
last month after a mild heart attack. Tom Soulby — who has an 82-
He appealed and the DVLA gave year unblemished record — con-
it back after a medical assessment. vinced the DVLA he IS fit to drive.
His licence was taken away for
medical reasons. But now he has
been given a clean bill of health
and allowed back in his B-reg Austin
Metro.
234 Unit 31
Vocabulary notes
to appeal — апеллировать fit — годен, пригоден, здоров
assessment — оценка, проверка, зд.: grave — могила
освидетельствование heart attack — сердечный приступ
bill — счёт, законопроект; AE банкнота licence — зд.: водительские права
to give smb a clean bill of health — to strip smb of their l. — лишать
признать кого-л. здоровым кого-л. водительских прав
B-reg Austin Metro — название марки moove = moo (мычание) + move
автомашины motorcycle — мотоцикл
Colombia — Колумбия surpise a — неожиданный
delight — восторг udder — вымя (вместо order — порядок)
to drive on — продолжать оставаться unblemished record — безупречный
водителем водительский стаж
DVLA = Driver and Vehicle Licensing U-turn — поворот на 180 градусов,
Authority — Госавтоинспекция пересмотр решения
Exercise 23. This clipping is dealing with hitch-hiking1. Find in it the answers to these
questions:
1. How many drivers are likely stop when you try to thumb a lift2?
2. How widespread3 is hitch-hiking nowadays4?
3. What contributed to its decline5?
Thumbs down if you hitch a lift now
HITCHHIKING seems to have reached AA president Edmund King, himself

the end of the road, with less than 10 a former hitchhiker, said: “Drivers have
per cent of drivers likely to stop. given the practice the thumbs down.
Just one per cent of drivers have “Perhaps cheaper coach travel,
hitched themselves in the past year — growth in car ownership, online lift-
and only one per cent said they were sharing sites and safety fears have all
“very likely” to stop for someone. contributed to its decline.”
1
hitch-hiking — путешествие автостопом (т.е. на попутных машинах)
2
to thumb [m] a lift — «голосовать» на дороге, thumbs down — отказ
3
widespread — (широко) распространённый
4
nowadays — в наше время
5
decline — упадок
Exercise 24. Read these clippings. Their authors think that accidents may be caused
by music, drinks, snacks, mobiles, cosmetics, distraction1 from a backseat driver2 or
even by the driver being a woman. Which of these interpretations do you share and
which you don’t and why?
Ban for two-phone driver
By John Chapman
A DRIVER caught using two mobile Norwich magistrates found Seeker

phones on a 70mph limit road was guilty in his absence last month of driv-
banned for 12 months yesterday. ing with no insurance, using a mobile
David Seeker, 34, was pulled over phone while driving and not being in
by police after they spotted him on proper control of a vehicle.
a phone held with his right hand while He was also fined £150 and given
holding another phone in his left hand. 14 penalty points on his licence.
He made them wait until he had fin-
ished speaking.
DAILY MAIL 22.6.2011, p. 11
Passengers drive us to distraction
ONE in seven motorists say they Drivers of both sexes admit they are
have been involved in an accident even reduced to tears by comments
or near-miss caused by a distraction from passengers.
from a ‘backseat driver’, a study reve- But it’s men who are most likely to
als. take their eyes off the road to chat to
Partners are cited as the worst cul- others in the car.
prits for backseat comments, and wom- The survey of 1,000 motorists, com-
en are revealed as being most likely missioned by Esure Car Insurance,
to get angry at criticism of their dri- found they are 60 per cent more likely
ving. to have a serious crash if driving with
passengers.
1
distraction — отвлечение
2
backseat driver — пассажир на заднем сиденье
236 Unit 31
Mobiles and lipstick distract drivers

By Tom Morgan
EIGHT in 10 motorists put lives at risk by or taking calls on a hand-held mobile
getting distracted behind the wheel, phone while driving.
a survey has revealed. Among the under-35 age group,
Music, mobile phones, cosmetics, 36 per cent confessed to sending texts
snacks and drinks are all common caus- at the wheel — and two per cent said
es of drivers losing their concentration, they looked at Facebook while driving.
researchers found. Five per cent admitted apply-
Music is the single biggest cause ing perfume or make-up in the mir-
and 61 per cent admit that they get dis- ror and 15 per cent said they did not
tracted while changing CDs, music on wear a seatbelt. Drivers in Northern
their iPod or stations on the radio. Ireland and the North-west of England
Half say snacks and drinks are to were most likely to lose concentration,
blame and 23 per cent admit making the survey for price comparison site
moneysupermarket.com found.
DAILY STAR 31.7.2011, p. 17
Scientists who studied 6.5 million car crashes found a far higher number of shunts
between women drivers than expected. Their info shows women struggle with
crossroads, T-junctions and slip roads. Facts cannot be sexist. Women cannot drive.
Exercise 25. Read these 3 tips on what to do about the rising cost of fuel. Which of
these would you take and why?
DAILY MAIL 3.7.2011, p. 48
SAVINGS: Three steps to cutting the bills

• USE public transport. Try using the bus or train to save cash and ease road con-
gestion.
• USE your legs. Short journeys can be just as quick — and make you fitter — by
bicycle or foot.
• AVOID unnecessary travel. Why make several trips to the shops when one will
do? Plan ahead.
Exercise 26. Read, translate and memorise these amusing definitions. See what ef-
fect they will have on your comrades.
Optimist — a guy who thinks a woman in a phone booth will be right out when he hears
her say good-bye.
Rush hour — when the traffic stands still.
Motorcar — a vehicle which is rapidly1 dividing mankind2 into two classes — the quick
and the dead.
Jerry: Why don’t you have a speedometer in your car?
Terry: Who needs a speedometer? When I go 20 miles an hour, the fenders3 rattle4, at 30
miles the doors rattle, and at 40 miles I rattle myself.
Husband: I’ve got to get rid of5 my chauffeur. He’s nearly killed me four times.
Wife: Oh, give him another chance.
A taxi was creeping6 slowly through the rush hour traffic and the passenger was in a hur-
ry. “Please,” he said to the driver, “can’t you go any faster?”
“Of course I can,” the cabby7 replied. “But I ain’t8 allowed to leave the taxi.”
Two motorists met in a very narrow street in London. Neither of them wanted to reverse9
and clear the road.
The first took out a copy10 of The Times and began to read. In an hour the second driver
asked politely: “When you finish reading, won’t you give the paper to me?”
“I had the right of way11 when this man ran into12 me, yet you say I was to blame.”
“You certainly were.”
“Why?”
“Because his father is mayor13, his brother is chief of police, and I’m engaged to his sister14.”
1
rapidly — быстро
2
mankind — человечество
3
fender — крыло
4
to rattle — громыхать
5
to get rid of smb/smth — избавляться от кого-л./чего-л.
6
to creep (crept, crept) — ползти
7
cabby; syn. taxi driver — таксист; ср. выше: cab — такси
8
ain’t (vulg.) — зд.: am not
9
to reverse — дать задний ход
10
copy — экземпляр
11
the right of way — преимущество на дороге
12
to run into smb/smth — врезаться в кого-л./что-л.
13
mayor [me] — мэр
14
to be engaged to smb — быть обручённым/помолвленным с кем-л.
32
238 Chapter 10 Unit
Car rental
Dialogue
Tourist: I should like to rent a car.
Attendant: Where do you come from?
Т.: Russia.
A.: Have you got an international driving licence?
Т.: I have.
A.: Do you want to hire a large or a small car?
Т.: How much are they?
A.: A large car costs £145.00 and a small one £130.00 per week.
Т.: Then let it be a large one. But I may need it for less than a week.
A.: 2 days hire is £50.00, 3 days hire £68.00, 4 days hire £88.00, 5 days hire £110.00 and
6 days hire £125.00. But please bear in mind if you spend £125.00 on a car rental with us,
you can get two nights’ super hotel accommodation for the price of one.
Т.: How about weekends?
A.: If it is Friday AM to Monday AM, that’ll be £88.00.
Т.: And if it is Friday PM to Monday AM?
A.: Then that’ll be £75.00.
Т.: What about the cost of petrol?
A.: You get a car with a full tank and you are to return it with a full tank.
Т.: Do you require a deposit?
A.: We certainly do. It is £100.00. We hope that your rental experience with us will be
a satisfactory one and we would like to invite you to use us again the next time you book
a rental car.
Vocabulary notes
accommodation — жильё; зд. номер в гостинице
deposit — залог, предоплата
petrol — бензин (ср. выше: p. station — бензозаправочная станция); AЕ gas(oline)
rental; syn. hire — прокат
super infml — великолепный
tank — бак
tences:
Мы хотели бы пригласить вас снова воспользоваться нашими услугами в следу-
ющий раз, когда вы будете заказывать машину напрокат; У вас есть международ-
Car rental 239
ные водительские права?; Надеемся, вы будете довольны прокатом машины у нас;

Я хотел бы взять напрокат автомашину; Вам требуется предоплата?; Откуда вы?;
Но она может понадобиться мне меньше чем на неделю; Вы получаете машину
с полным баком и должны вернуть её с полным баком; Тогда пусть будет большая
машина; Вы можете получить номер в первоклассной гостинице на двое суток,
а заплатите только за одни сутки.

1) You get a car ... a full tank; 2) Where do you come ...? 3) I may need it ... less than
a week; 4) What ... the cost ... petrol? 5) Please bear ... mind. 6) If you spend £125.00 ...
a car rental ... us, you can get two nights’ super hotel accommodation ... the price ... one.
7) A large car costs £145.00 ... week. 8) We hope that your rental experience ... us will be
a satisfactory one.

1. How much are large and small rental cars per week?
2. What is the advantage of 6 days’ hire?
3. How about the cost of petrol?
4. What deposit does the rental company require?
Exercise 4. Replace repeated words with one as in the example:

Example:
a) He is a guitarist and a good guitarist.
b) He is a guitarist and a good one.
1. “A large car costs £145.00 and a small car £130.00 per week.” “Then let it be a large car.”
2. We hope that your rental experience with us will be a satisfactory experience.
Exercise 5. This is an advert of a car rental company. When was it established and
what does it offer to attract more customers?
CAR RENTAL
Small family business, offering top ser- • Small cars

vice for 30 years. • Minivans
Let us meet you at London airports. • Multiseaters
Hassle-free personal service. Large new • 9,12 and 15 seaters
fleet. Very low inclusive rates. • Mercedes
240 Unit 32
Exercise 6. Before you rent a car, read these useful tips. Which of them are entirely
new to you?
DAILY MAIL 3.7.2011, p. 48
How to avoid unexpected charges on your holiday car hire
Don’t forget your credit card Stick to your guns — and the original
agreement
Even if you’ve paid for the rental in
advance, you will still be asked for a de- Sometimes the car rental company
posit on a credit card when you pick up will try and persuade you to upgrade
your car (up to £1,300). Although the to a more expensive vehicle or give you
money may not leave your account, it an inferior model. If the car you’ve paid
will be held by the car hire company so for isn’t available, you don’t have to pay
it can’t be spent. If you don’t have your the difference for a more expensive
credit card or sufficient funds on it, you one. Likewise, if you’re supplied an infe-
might be prevented from hiring the car. rior model you can claim the difference.
Take out excess insurance cover Check for damage before you drive away
before you go Inspect the car before you drive
away so you’re not blamed and charged
If your hired car is stolen, damaged
for any previous damage. If you do spot
or involved in an accident, you’ll have
any scratches or dents ensure the car
to pay the excess on the insurance. At
rental agent notes these on the rental
the desk most car hire companies will
forms before you take the car away.
offer you their own policy to protect
against the excess. Savvy travellers Know the refuelling policy
know it can be much cheaper to take If the contract requires returning
out a standalone policy before travel- with a full tank, make sure it’s really full.
ling. Not only that, it provides more Even if you’ve only driven a few miles
cover than you’d typically get over the from fill-up to drop-off you may be
counter, including cover for damage to charged.
roof, windows, undercarriage and tyres.
Return your car on time
Take both parts of your driving licence —
Returning a car even 29 minutes
photo and paper
late can result in an additional penalty
Don’t assume your photocard driv- charge of up to a day’s rental. You may
ing licence will be enough to hire your only find out when you’re home and
car. Most rental companies require the you see a charge on your credit card
paper counterpart too. statement.
33
241 Chapter 1 Unit
Rental car insurance

Dialogue
Attendant: Will you drive the rental car yourself or will there be an extra driver?
Tourist: What difference does that make?
A.: If there is an extra driver, you will have to pay for him £10.00 extra insurance.
Т.: What am I entitled to?
A.: Unlimited mileage, RAC cover and insurance over 21 and under 70 years. Since you
are a foreign visitor, insurance starts over 25 years.
Т.: You mentioned RAC cover. What does that include?
A.: Collision Damage Waiver, Theft Protection, Airport Charges, Road Tax (where applicable)
and Taxes. But for just £10.00 per day, extra to the basic cost of your daily rental, you will enjoy
cover for: 1) Damage Excess Reduction, 2) Baggage and Personal Effects, 3) 24 Hour Emergen-
cy Travel Line, 4) Personal and Accident Cover, 5) Legal Expenses and 6) Emergency Travel.
Т.: What is meant by Damage Excess Reduction?
A.: You can reduce your damage excess from £500 to only £75.
Т.: How about Baggage and Personal Effects?
A.: In addition to RAC cover for theft, that includes £1,000 cover (up to £250.00 for any
one article) for personal property for fire or accident damage during the rental period.
But you are not covered for the first £25 of each loss, and for the loss of documents of any
kind, of money, cheques and money orders, for theft of any item not in the locked luggage
compartment of the vehicle.
Т.: The 24 Hour Emergency Travel Line must be assistance at the end of the telephone?
A.: Exactly. We provide solutions to all your problems. This service is available day and night.
Т.: You mentioned Personal and Accident Cover. Just what kinds of accident are covered
and what is the compensation?
A.: This is compensation for accident injury where permanent disablement, loss of a limb
or eye or death results from travelling in the rental vehicle. Driver or passengers aged
18—75 benefit up to £50,000. Passengers aged 5—17 benefit £5,000. However, you are
not covered for benefits whilst suffering from alcoholism or drug addiction or following
an accident attributable to unlawful drugs, whilst engaging in racing of any kind, whilst
loading and unloading the rental vehicle, consequent upon illness or disease, for any pre-
existing physical defect or infirmity, for the first £25 of each loss (medical expenses only).
Т.: And Legal Expenses?
A.: In a legal dispute concerning the use of your rental vehicle, we will take care of the
costs incurred when seeking compensation for any injury during the rental period.
Т.: What is meant by Emergency Travel?
A.: If you must return home for urgent medical treatment or if relatives need to visit
you in hospital, as a result of travelling in your rental car, we will pay for the expenses
incurred. But you are not covered for funeral or interment costs, travel against medical
advice or expenses whilst 100 metres of home.
242 Unit 33
Vocabulary notes
addiction — пристрастие, пагубная expense — расход
привычка expenses incurred — понесённые из-
drug a. — наркомания держки
aged [edd] — в возрасте, пожилой legal expenses — судебные издержки
applicable — применимый medical expenses — расходы на
article — предмет; см. выше: syn. item лечение
as a result — в результате этого extra to smth — в дополнение к чему-л.
assistance; syn. help — помощь following smth — зд. : в результате
attributable to smth — причиной чего-л.
которых могло быть funeral — похороны
benefit — зд.: компенсация to incur — понести (потери)
to b. — получать компенсацию infirmity — слабость (болезненная)
cheque; АЕ check — денежный чек; ср. injury — увечье
выше: receipt — кассовый чек accident i. — увечье в результате
collision — столкновение; ср. выше: несчастного случая
to collide — сталкиваться; ср.: рус. interment — погребение
коллизия legal — зд.: судебный
concerning — касающийся, по вопросу l. dispute — судебное разбирательство
о, в связи с, относительно (чего-л.) limb [lm] — конечность
consequent upon smth fml — line — линия; зд.: телефонная линия
явившийся следствием чего-л. luggage compartment — багажное
cover, syn. insurance — зд.: страховка отделение (ср. выше: car boot —
to с. — страховать багажник автомашины)
damage — повреждение, ущерб; ср. mileage — пробег, километраж
выше: to d. — повреждать unlimited m. — неограниченный
accidental d. — ущерб от несчаст- пробег
ного случая money order — денежный перевод
defect — дефект, недостаток pre-existing — имевший место ранее
physical d. — физический недо- RAC = Royal Automobile Club —
статок Королевский Автомобильный Клуб
disablement — инвалидность racing — гонки
permanent d. — постоянная инва- rental period — срок проката
лидность to result from smth — быть результатом
drug — лекарство; наркотик; ср. выше: чего-л.
drugstore — аптека, drug-driving — Road Tax — дорожный налог
управление машиной в состоянии salesman — продавец
наркотического опьянения insurance s. — страховой агент
unlawful d. — незаконный наркотик to seek (sought, sought) — зд.: добивать-
effects — вещи ся; ср. выше: to s. — искать
personal е. — личные вещи solution — решение
emergency — чрезвычайное to take care of smth — брать на себя
положение; экстренная что-л.
необходимость; аварийная ситуация theft — кража; ср. выше: thief — вор
to engage in smth — заниматься чем-л. treatment — лечение
excess [kses] n — чрезмерно unlawful — незаконный; ср. выше: law —
высокая выплата закон
Rental car insurance 243
Vocabulary notes
waiver — отказ (от права на что-л.; от ответственности, «автограж-
правила) данка»
collision damage w. — покрытие What difference does that make? — Ка-
ущерба от столкновения; кая разница?
страхование автогражданской whilst fml = while
es and sentences:
Мы возьмём на себя возникшие расходы; Что мне полагается?; Какая разница?; в ре-
зультате несчастного случая, вызванного незаконным употреблением наркотиков;
Вы сами будете водить машину или будет ещё один водитель?; утрата любых до-
кументов; Поскольку вы иностранец, страховка начинается с двадцатипятилетне-
го возраста; запертое багажное отделение; постоянная инвалидность; Мы берём на
себя решение всех ваших проблем; потеря конечности является результатом поезд-
ки во взятой напрокат машине; плата за пользование аэропортом; в возрасте от 18
до 75 лет; страховка личной собственности от пожара и повреждения в результате
несчастного случая; там, где это применимо; Что включает страховка Королевского
Автомобильного Клуба?; Что имеется в виду под сокращением выплат за нанесён-
ный ущерб?; Эта служба работает круглосуточно; до 250 фунтов за любую вещь.
Exercise 2. What derivatives1 of these words do you know?
to reduce, to advise, to result, to differ, to injure, to damage, to collide, thief, to unload,
ease, lawful.
1) consequent ... illness; 2) insurance starts ... 25 years; 3) You can reduce your damage
excess ... £500 ... only £75. 4) attributable ... unlawful drugs; 5) suffering ... alcoholism;
6) accident damage ... the rental period; 7) Driver or passengers aged 18–75 benefit ...
... £50,000. 8) relatives need to visit you ... hospital; 9) … … £250.00 ... any one article;
10) compensation ... any injury ... the rental period; 11) What am I entitled ... ? 12) You
are not covered ... theft ... any item not ... the locked luggage compartment ... the vehicle.
13) we will take care ... the costs incurred; 14) ... addition ... RAC cover ... theft; 15) death
results ... travelling ... the rental vehicle; 16) We provide solutions ... all your problems.
1. What is insurance for an extra driver?
2. If you have rental car insurance, what are you entitled to?
3. What does RAC cover include?
4. What is meant by Damage Excess Reduction?
5. What does cover for Baggage and Personal Effects include?
1
derivative — дериват (слово того же корня)
244 Unit 33
6. What is meant by Emergency Travel and by Emergency Travel Line?

7. What does Personal and Accident cover include?
8. What legal expenses are covered?
Exercise 5. Read and translate this clipping (use a dictionary where necessary). Then
1. What do fraudsters do to get paid by insurance companies?
2. How much does it cost insurance companies annually?
3. Do you know of any such cases of fraud?
DAILY MAIL 11.8.2008, p. 21
CRASHING IN ON CRIME
£200m racket of gangs who stage road accidents
and claim insurance
By Ray Massey, Transport Editor

THOUSANDS of motorists are falling vic- Police have warned drivers to be
tim to a potentially lethal ‘cash for crash’ vigilant as the practice — often part of
insurance scam. a well-organised criminal network —
It involves criminals deliberately spreads at an alarming rate and puts
staging road accidents, usually by slam- lives at risk. Experts say it is costing the
ming on their brakes so an innocent insurance industry at least £200 million
driver behind has no chance of avoiding a year.
a collision. Overall, motor insurance fraud now
The fraudster then claims against costs an estimated £1.6 billion a year.
the other driver’s insurance company for The extra premiums needed to pay for
damage and injuries such as whiplash. it add £50 to the average driver’s policy.
Exercise 6. Read and translate this Certificate of Motor Insurance (use a dictionary
where necessary). Find in it the answers to these questions:
1. What is the registration mark of the vehicle insured?
2. When does insurance commence?
3. When does it expire?
4. What does and doesn’t the Policy cover?
5. Where is this Certificate valid1?
6. What is the name of the Insurance Company?
7. What can invalidate the Policy or part of it?
8. What if your windscreen wants replacing?
1
valid — действительный, имеющий силу
WALTERS
This Certificate is evidence of your insurance. For full details of the cover you should refer to the Policy.
Certificate of Motor insurance

Registration mark of vehicle / Certificate
description of vehicle LS05FWO number 69025288A75 /210431
Any motor car supplied to the policyholder under an agreement between WALTERS Insurance Company Limited and an ap-
proved repairer or hire company as a direct result of damage covered by this policy, unless cover is provided by the repairer’s
or hirer’s own insurance policy.
Name of Policyholder Mr D
Effective date of the commencement of insurance for the purposes of the relevant law 01/07/09 (00:01 hours)
Date of expiry of insurance 01/07/10 (Noon)
Persons or classes • The Policyholder provided that the person driving
of persons • The Policyholder may also drive with the owner’s permis- holds a licence to drive such
entitled to drive sion a motor car not owned by the Policyholder and not motor car or has held and is
hired or leased to the Policyholder under a hire purchase not disqualified for holding or
or annual leasing agreement obtaining such a licence.
Limitations as to use
The Policy covers: • use for social, domestic and pleasure purposes.
The Policy does not cover • use for racing, competitions, rallies, trials, track days or 4×4 off road events.
• use for hire and reward
• use for commercial travelling
• use for any purpose in connection with the motor trade.
• use to secure the release of a motorcar, other than the vehicle identified above by its regis-
tration mark, which has been seized by, or on behalf of, any government or public authority
Certification I hereby certify that the Policy to which this Certificate relates satisfies the requirements of the
relevant law applicable in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, the Isle of
Man, the Island of Guernsey, the Island of Jersey and the Island of Alderney.
WALTERS Insurance Company Limited
Authorised Insurers. Thomas Sullivan
Chief Executive
Advice to third parties: Nothing in this Certificate affects your right as a third party to make a claim.
Duty of disclosure If you fail to disclose any facts that are relevant to your insurance this could invalidate your
whole Policy, or part of it If you’re not sure whether something is relevant please call us.
Driving other cars Please remember that cover for driving other cars is limited to Third Party Only. You will not be
covered for any loss or damage to the car you are driving.
Windscreen damage Produce this Certificate to one of our approved companies, either Autoglass or Auto Wnd-
screens, and they will replace your glass, subject to a £75 excess, billing us for the balance. If
they can repair (rather than replace) the windscreen, then £10 excess applies. If you do not deal
direct with Autoglass or Auto Windscreens, our maximum payment will be £125 for replace-
ment and £40 for a repair after deducting the excess.
You may contact our approved companies by calling our Hotline on 0875 204 333.
246 Unit 33
What extra advantages to the driver are advertised?
Protect the excess

on your car rental insurance with Insurance4U.
ANNUAL EUROPEAN COVER IS AVAILABLE FOR JUST £49*.
Our policies cover you for the following:

• £2,000 worth of excess cover per claim, up to £3,000 in one policy year
• Up to 7 additional drivers
• The excess on theft and accidental damage (including damage to roof,
undercarriage, windows and tyres)
• As many rentals as you like within the year (up to 31 days in any one rental
period)
Visit our website or call the help team on 0833 239 4802
Monday — Friday 0900 ~1730hrs,
* Ages 21—74; £65 ages 75—85 (Full terms and conditions available on the website)
DAILY MAIL 3.7.2011, p. 48
Looking for cheaper car insurance?
• Up to 75% no claim discount

• Free courtesy car included as standard
(excludes third party only policies)
CALL 0822 441 8229 VISIT our website

For textphone:
Mon — Fri 8am — 9pm,
Sat 8am — 5pm,
Sun 9am — 5pm.
Calls may be recorded.

WHAT’S INCLUDED
Comprehensive car cover features of our policy
Great cover with a wide range of policy options:
Cover for my and other vehicles in an accident +
Personal accident cover +
Cover for fire and theft +
Choice of voluntary excess +
Cover for personal possessions +
UK cover extended to EU for up to 90 days +
Windscreen cover +
Cover for in-car entertainment and navigation systems +
Replacement child car seat +
Small courtesy car cover (if you use an approved repairer) +
UK-based 24 hour accident helpline +
Up to 9 years no-claims discount +
All repairs guaranteed (if you use an approved repairer) 3 years
Protect your no-claims discount Optional
Breakdown Cover from RAC Optional
Monetary limits and exclusions apply.
Alternatively, you can choose our low-cost, online-only Value Cover.

This is our comprehensive policy with some of the frills taken out.
248 Unit 33
GET A WHEEL DEAL

Insider tips on insuring a car for less
By STEPHEN HAYWARD
Consumer Correspondent
As driving costs soar, experts have re- Tips include haggling — if not on
vealed the trade secrets that families the price then getting a cancellation fee
can use when they want to renew their and other “extra” charges dropped from
cover — including simply adding a sec- the premium.
ond driver to the policy. The way drivers describe their jobs
An extra driver suggests someone is can also help. Claiming to be a para-
part of a couple and less likely to be par- medic rather than a nurse, for example,
tying all night. can save £50.
This can knock at least £200 off the Having access to another car, like
annual bill. Owning an older car can also a company vehicle, can save money be-
help cut costs. cause insurers are not as impressed by
Motoring magazine Auto Express drivers who clock up low mileages as
enlisted the help of insurers and trade many might think.
experts to come up with 10 simple ways
of getting the price down.
‘A tractor is all I can afford’
CHRIS Barry gets around on his family’s “I told them it was a Polo, not a Fer-
old tractor... because it’s all he can afford. rari,” said Chris, 18. “In the end I paid £57
Like tens of thousands of other teenag- to insure myself for the tractor.” The pre-
ers, he found the insurance premiums mium on the tractor is low because it
he was being quoted astronomical. has a top speed of just 20mph and can’t
The first quote Chris was given for his carry passengers. But Chris can still use
£400 P-reg VW Polo was £17,800 — and it on roads.
the cheapest he could find was £6,000.
Top 10 ways to cut premiums
• PUT someone else on your insur- homes to steal car keys so they
ance. People sharing a car are won’t know which house it be-
considered to be more stable. longs to if it’s parked away from
• IF you have access to a second car, the home.
say so when you apply. • TAKE care when describing your
• DON’T claim for minor accidents. job. Policies are loaded against
• HAGGLE. Your current insurer high-risk professions.
won’t want to lose you. • SHOP around online then phone
• DON’T pay extra for car hire cover. the cheapest.
• PROTECT your no-claims bonus. • BUY a classic car. Owners of old,
• IT may be cheaper to park on collectable motors are viewed as
the street. Thieves can break into being more careful.
34
250 Chapter 10 Unit
Parking
(1) In a Street
Dialogue
A: Where does one park in Britain?
B: There are car parks and specially marked places along the pavement where parking is
permitted at certain times.
A: How are they marked?
B: A white line means parking is permitted at certain times for a certain number of
hours. In such cases, there are signs like this:
P 10am — 7pm
1 hour
No return
within 1 hour
J
A: And how are places marked where parking is limited or not permitted?
B: A single yellow line on the roadway along the kerb is used for limited parking(1),
while a double yellow line means parking is not permitted(2). These are examples of the
respective signs:
(1) (2)
1 Apr — 30 Sept
At any time
10am — 7pm
Zigzag white lines on either side of pedestrian crossings mean parking is absolutely for-
bidden at all times.
A: On what terms may parking be permitted?
B: Parking may be free or chargeable.
A: How do I pay for parking in a street?
B: You buy a parking voucher in a nearby voucher selling shop, scratch off five panels to
indicate your arrival [month, date, day, hour, minutes (to next 5 minutes)], and display
the voucher inside your vehicle side window nearest the kerb.
A: And what if I overstay there or fail to pay for parking?
B: That would be committing a parking offence. Then a police inspector will place a fixed
penalty notice (fixed penalty ticket) under your windscreen wiper ordering you to pay
the penalty in full within 28 days or request within 28 days that the matter be dealt with
by a court.
(To be continued)
Parking 251
Vocabulary notes
chargeable — платный to commit аn о. — совершать
court — суд правонарушение
to deal with smth — рассматривать parking о. — правонарушение,
что-л.; ср. выше: иметь дело с чем-л. связанное с парковкой
to display — зд.: выставлять, to overstay — оставаться сверх
вывешивать положенного срока
fixed penalty notice/ticket — pavement, АЕ sidewalk — тротуар
извещение о штрафе penalty — штраф
to indicate — зд.: обозначать; ср. roadway — мостовая
выше: указывать to scratch off — соскабливать
kerb — край тротуара, обочина voucher — ваучер
offence — правонарушение wiper — щётка, «дворник»
es and sentences:
в определённое время; парковка не разрешена; соответствующие знаки; на каких
условиях; Где паркуются в Великобритании?; специально помеченные места вдоль
тротуара; А если я простою там дольше указанного срока?; А если я не заплачу за
парковку?; поместите ваучер внутри бокового окна машины со стороны обочины;
под щётку ветрового стекла; уплатить полную сумму штрафа; дело будет рассма-
триваться судом; парковка может быть бесплатной или платной; нарушение пра-
вил парковки; пешеходный переход; в любое время.

1) There are specially marked places ... the pavement where parking is permitted ... cer-
tain times ... a certain number ... hours. 2) A police inspector will place a fixed penalty
ticket ... your windscreen wiper ordering you to pay the penalty ... full ... 28 days or
request ... 28 days that the matter be dealt ... ... a court. 3) ... what terms may parking be
permitted? 4) How do I pay ... parking ... a street? 5) Scratch ... five panels to indicate your
arrival. 6) Display the voucher ... your vehicle.

1. Where is parking permitted at certain times?
2. What does a white line mean?
3. What does a single yellow line mean?
4. What does a double yellow line mean?
5. Is parking in a street free or chargeable?
6. How does one pay for parking in a street?
7. What happens if you overstay or fail to pay for parking?
252 Unit 34
Exercise 4. From the parking voucher (below) find out 1) its price, 2) where it is valid,
3) the time of arrival.
Indicate your arrival by scratching off five panels

with a coin: Month — Date — Day — Hour — Minutes
(to next five minutes)
West Sussex
County Councll
PARKING VOUCHER
Valid only in West Sussex voucher parking zones.
80 p
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN
JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 31
MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN
№ С 250556
MINUTES
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
HOURS
12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Instructions and principal conditions on reverse side

MISUSE OF THIS PARKING VOUCHER IS AN OFFENCE.
Parking 253
Exercise 5. Read the Fixed Penalty Notice (below) (use a dictionary where necessary)
and answer these questions:
1. When was the parking offence committed?
2. Where?
3. What was it?
4. What was the Index Number of the Motor Vehicle?
5. What was the penalty?
SUSSEX POLICE
FIXED PENALTY NOTICE
(NON-ENDORSABLE OFFENCE)
PLEASE READ THE NOTES ON THE REAR OF THIS FORM
IT IS AN OFFENCE TO REMOVE THIS NOTICE WITHOUT AUTHORITY
Part 1 £20 731035 0

DATE 2 3 OF 0 8 19 9 5
FROM/AT 1 1 3 0 TO 1 1 4 5 IN
Dorset Gdns Brighton
Motor Vehicle, Index Number C 8 3 X J T

which you were driving/using/in which you were a passenger/which
was unattended, was seen in circumstances which gave me reason-
able cause to believe that: —
the offence indicated below was being or had been committed.
B L 9 7 unauthorised vehicle
Signed Rank/No T 4 5 1
PAYMENT SLIP
PART 2 £20 731035 0
To: Fixed Penalty Clerk, Fixed Penalty Office, The Law Courts,
Edward Street, Brighton, BN2 2LG. Tel: 01273 670999
I enclose payment of the fixed penalty for the offence mentioned in Part 1 of this notice.
Name
Address
(Block Letters Please)

254 Unit 34
Exercise 6. Read and translate this clipping (use a dictionary where necessary). Find
in it the answers to these questions:
1. What pretext1 do some motorists use to avoid paying a fine for illegal parking?
2. Why doesn’t it hold water2?
DAILY ECHO 23.8.2010, p. 18
Everyone knows what yellows are
BOURNEMOUTH council cannot is- Everyone knows that double yellow

sue parking tickets to motorists in lines mean ‘No parking at any time’.
Charminster who ignore yellow lines What next? Pedestrian crossings
because there are no signs explain- and traffic lights ignored by drivers
ing what they mean (“Lines ‘a waste because there are no signs explaining
of money without signs’”, Daily Echo, what they mean?
18 August). What a farce.
ROBERT READMAN,
Norwich Avenue West, Bournemouth
Motorist who ripped up ticket guilty of littering
By Daily Telegraph Reporter

A MOTORIST who ripped up a parking traffic and was then handed a ticket for
ticket in front of the police officer who blocking the road. Collins tore up the tick-
issued it was promptly charged with lit- et and dropped it in front of the officer.
tering. He pleaded guilty to littering at Bris-
Philip Collins, 48, arranged to meet tol magistrates’ court and was given a
the officer near his home after reporting 12-month conditional discharge.
a badly-parked Ford Transit van, which Steve George, in mitigation, told the
he claimed was obstructing traffic. court that Collins had become frustrated
He parked his BMW by the van to over the vehicle, which made his wheel-
demonstrate how dangerous it was to chair-bound mother fear using the road.
1
pretext [pritekst] — предлог (для какого-л. действия или бездействия)
2
doesn’t hold water — не выдерживает критики
Parking 255

1. What two offences did the motorist commit?
2. Why was he issued with a ticket?
3. What did he do with it?
4. What was he charged with?
5. What did he plead guilty of?
6. What would you do if you were in his shoes1?
‘You know, somebody actually complimented me on my driving today. They left a little
note on the windscreen, it said “Parking Fine.” So that was nice.’
1
in his shoes — на его месте
35
256 Chapter 10 Unit
Parking
(2) In a car park
Dialogue
A: What if I park my car in the wrong place?
B: For illegal parking your car will be clamped or towed and you will have to pay to get it
back. The safest thing to do is to use a car park.
A: Who do I pay there?
B: You obtain a parking ticket (below) from a machine.
PARKING TICKET
DAY EXPIRY TIME
16/08/12 12:47
EXPIRY DATE M/C IDENTITY
10:47 1.50
FEE PAID
DISPLAY CLEARLY ON DASHBOARD

NOT TRANSFERABLE
A: What do I do with a parking ticket?

B: You display it on the windscreen or dashboard for the inspector to see. There are signs
at car parks reminding absent-minded drivers:
Have you purchased and displayed

a valid parking ticket?
or for short:
Have you paid and displayed?
Such car parks are sometimes referred to as ‘Pay and Display Car Park’.
A: What kinds of car park are there?
B: Long stay car parks and shoppers ones.
A: Do I get any concessions at a shoppers park if I am a shopper?
Parking 257
B: Yes. If you spend £10 or more in one visit to a shop displaying a shoppers park sign and
present the top portion of a car park ticket refund to the cashier you will be refunded the
cost of parking at a shoppers park up to 1 hour.
A: What if there is no space left for parking in a car park?
B: When the main car park is overflowing with cars, drivers can sometimes use an over-
flow park.
A: Overflowing? What do you mean?
B: Like a meeting hall packed to overflowing, that is when there are more people than
the hall can hold.
A: I see. And how can I tell a Pay and Display Car Park from an overflow car park?
B: Sometimes overflow car parks are unpaved, as in Highcliffe, Dorset, where you can
see this sign:
This grassed area forms

part of the Pay
and Display Car Park
and all parking charges apply
Vocabulary notes
to apply — зд.: действовать, сохранять car p.; AE parking lot — автостоянка
силу long stay car p. — автостоянка
to clamp (a car) — поставить для длительной парковки
блокиратор shoppers car p. — автостоянка
concession — льгота, скидка; ср. для покупателей магазина
выше: concessionary — льготный overflow p. — запасная автостоянка
dashboard — приборная панель to p. — парковать(ся)
to display — выставлять, illegal [lil] parking — незакон-
демонстрировать ная парковка
grassed — покрытый травой parking charges — плата за парковку
to hold — зд.: вмещать parking ticket — парковочный
machine — зд. автомат; ср. выше: cash талон; квитанция на оплату штрафа
m. — банкомат, ticket m. — билетный за неправильную парковку
автомат to present — предъявлять
to obtain; syn. to buy, to purchase — to tell smth from smth — отличать
покупать что-л. от чего-л.
to overflow — переполнять(ся) unpaved — немощёный
packed to overflowing — to tow [t] — эвакуировать
переполненный, набитый до отказа wrong place — неположенное
park — парк; автостоянка место
258 Unit 35
es and sentences:
Вы покупаете парковочный талон в автомате; Когда основная стоянка перепол-
нена машинами, водители иногда могут воспользоваться запасной автостоянкой;
автостоянки для длительной парковки; автостоянки для покупателей; возврат
(части) денег за пользование автостоянкой; Вам придётся заплатить за возврат
машины; Самое безопасное — воспользоваться автостоянкой; Прикрепите парко-
вочный талон к лобовому стеклу так, чтобы инспектор его увидел; Ваша машина
будет блокирована; А если я поставлю машину в неположенном месте?; с той же
платой за стоянку; является частью основной автостоянки.
1) There are signs ... car parks. 2) ... short: Have you paid and displayed? 3) What if I park
my car ... the wrong place? 4) You spend £10 or more ... one visit ... a shop; 5) You will be
refunded the cost ... parking ... a shoppers park … … 1 hour. 6) The main car park is over-
flowing ... cars. 7) You obtain a parking ticket ... a machine. 8) What if there is no space
left ... parking there? 9) Such car parks are sometimes referred ... as ‘Pay and Display Car
Park’. 10) What do I do ... a parking ticket? 11) You will have to pay to get it ... . 12) You
display the parking ticket ... the windscreen ... the inspector to see.
1. What are the two places where you can park your car in Britain?
2. Why is it safer to park your car in a car park?
3. How do you pay for using a car park?
4. What are you to do with a parking ticket?
5. What kinds of car park are there?
6. What concession can a shopper get at a shoppers park?
7. What if there is no space left in the main car park?
Exercise 4. Use this substitution1 table to make 20 sentences. For example:
The safest thing to do is to use a car park.2
safest
go home now.
best
is speak to Mr. N.
wisest2
The thing to do was to return to Paris.
first
would be rent the flat.
next
book a room at a hotel.
important
Exercise 5. You are likely to find such notices as this in shoppers car parks. Read and
translate it (use a dictionary where necessary).
1
substitution — подстановка; подстановочный
2
wise — умный; мудрый
Parking 259
WORTLEY ROAD CAR PARK

See machine for current scale of charges. Charges apply seven days a week. Tick-
ets valid on day of issue and in car park of issue only. Tickets are not transferable
between vehicles. Motor cars only. No coaches, heavy commercial vehicles, cara-
vans or trailers permitted. No overnight sleeping. Park only in marked bays. Park-
ing on double yellow lines or across hatched areas not permitted.
Disabled must pay unless vehicle is road tax exempt (exempt
from vehicle excise duty) due to occupants disability.
Vehicles are admitted at owners risk. Christchurch borough
council will not be liable for any loss, damage or injury to per-
sons or property.
Penalty charge £60
Failing to purchase and display a valid parking ticket
Overstaying ticket time
Parking improperly
Autoslot
No change given
5p, 10р, 20p, 50p, £1, £2 coins accepted
Instructions
1. Insert coin(s) to value required
2. Allow coin(s) to register
3. Press green ticket issue button
4. Attach ticket to inside of windscreen
For scale of charges conditions see notice board.
If machine fails to operate correctly, please use other machine.
REJECTED
COINS
Charges
Up to 1 hour 50p
Over 1 hour
Up to 2 hours }£1.00
}
2 £1.50
3
}
3 £2.00
4
Over 4 hours £4.00
Free period 7pm to 8am
CHEAPER PARKING IN HIGHCLIFFE!

Two hours in Wortley Road car park reduced to just 50p
Three hours reduced to £1.20
Four hours reduced to £1.60
260 Unit 35

1. Where is the car park located1?
2. When and where are tickets valid?
3. What vehicles is the car park meant for?
4. When is parking free?
5. Can a driver spend a night in his car?
6. Do disabled drivers pay for parking?
7. What is the penalty charge?
8. What are park users fined for?
9. What instructions are they to follow?
10. What were the charges?
11. How were these reduced in 2008?
Exercise 6. Compare two parking tickets (use a dictionary where necessary). What are
the differences between them? (m/c = machine).2
BOROUGH OF BOROUGH OF BOURNEMOUTH

CHRISTCHURCH V.A.T. REG. № 187 3025 57
VAT № 187 3180 45
USE STICKER ON BACK EXPIRY TIME
TO FIX TO WINDSCREEN
NOT TRANSFERABLE DATE FEE M/C
VALID IN CAR PARK OF ISSUE ONLY PAID №
25JUL08 100 1613 01 15AUG05 120 1743 10A

DATE FEE EXPIRY M/C
PAID TIME NOT TRABSFERABLE
USE STICKER ON BACK TO FIX TO WINDSCREEN
VEHICLES ARE PARKED AT THEIR OWNERS VALID IN CAR PARK OF ISSUE ONLY
RISK AND SUBJECT TO THE COUNCIL’S SEE NOTICE BOARD FOR CONDITIONS
PARKING PLACES ORDERS
SEE MACHINE FOR SESSIONS AND CHARGES 24991165
587649
Exercise 7. This is a car park ticket with a car park ticket refund. Examine it (use a dic-
tionary where necessary) and answer these questions:
1. What is the holder entitled to?
2. When was it issued and by what machine?
3. What was the fee paid?
4. When did the parking time expire2?
1
to be located — находиться
2
to expire — истекать (о сроке)
Parking 261
CAR PARK TICKET REFUND

(up to 1 hour)
SPEND £10 OR MORE IN ONE VISIT TO A SHOP
DISPLAYING THIS SIGN AND PRESENT THIS PORTION
AT THE CHECKOUT YOU WILL BE REFUNDED
THE COST OF PARKING UP TO 1 HOUR
PEEL OFF
BOROUGH OF CHRISTCHURCH
USE STICKER ON BACK TO FIX TO WINDSCREEN
30JUL07 100 1531 05

DATE FEE EXPIRY M/C
PAID TIME
VEHICLES ARE PARKED AT THEIR OWNERS RISK AND SUBJECT

TO THE COUNCIL’S PARKING PLACES ORDERS SEE MACHINE FOR
SESSIONS AND CHARGES
NOT TRABSFERABLE VALID IN CAR PARK OF ISSUE ONLY

V.A.T. № 187 3180 45
218848
Exercise 8. Read the notice PARKING HINTS.

What information does it contain not to be found in the dialogue or in the exercises
above?
PARKING HINTS
If you use any of Christchurch’s pay-and-display car parks,

keep the ticket on you.
If you spent more than £10 in participating shops they will
refund your parking charge!
(see list of participating shops in car parks)
There is free street parking in and around Bargates — check
the street signs for time allowed, it can be for up to two hours!
262 Unit 35
Exercise 9. This notice introduces a cashless form of payment. What are its advan-
tages over the old pay-and-display method?
No coins? No problem!
Pay to park using your mobile. It’s quick and easy — just call 02023 221514.
Quote your number plate and this location number: 1809. You will be asked
for your credit or debit card number. Users of this service will pay a 20p
convenience charge. Customers who have paid by phone are not required to
display a ticket — number plate details will be checked by Parking Attendants.
Calls to this landline number will be charged at your normal airtime rate. Parking
tariff charges apply. VAT receipts are available online.
Vocabulary notes
airtime rate — тариф платы за поль- landline number — номер стационар-
зование мобильным телефоном ного телефона
to apply — сохранять силу, оставаться mobile — мобильник
в силе number plate — номерной знак
cashless — без оплаты наличными online — через Интернет
convenience charge — сбор за обслу- parking attendant — сотрудник авто-
живание стоянки
to quote — зд.: назвать
Exercise 10. Read and translate these clippings (use a dictionary where necessary) to
find the answers to these questions:
1. What was the attendant’s error?
2. What did the Sunday Mirror reader request?
3. What was the local authority’s response?
No way ticket is fair cop
I HAVE been issued with a ticket by an apology and confirmation the at-
Mid Sussex Council and feel there has tendant is being reprimanded for mali-
been an element of malice on the part cious service.
of the attendant.
The time of issue was 08.53, but re- A: I am glad to report they have
strictions do not begin until 9am. cancelled the ticket and sent you a let-
I have written to the local authority ter containing no less than two apolo-
requesting a cancellation of the PCN, gies!
Parking 263
Car parking charges rise

by up to 16%
By Donna Bowater
THE cost of using public car parks has In contrast, the cheapest place to
shot up by up to 16 per cent over the park in the country is Halifax, West Yorks,
past year, research suggests. where one hour costs just 41p. Anthony
The rise in some cities far outstrips Eskinazi, founder of ParkatmyHouse, said:
inflation — with the extra cost putting “Households are finding their finances
even more pressure on families strug- being squeezed from all directions at the
gling to pay household bills. moment and the parking space inflation
Charges at council and commer- of the past 12 months is yet another cost
cial car parks have risen by an average families could do without.”
of 12.5 per cent, according to a study The Daily Express reported earlier
by private parking websites Parkatmy- this year how independent car parking
House and Parkopedia. firms were taking advantage of holiday-
The most expensive place to park is makers leaving their cars at airports by
London at an average of £4.03 an hour, charging rip-off prices reaching up to
a 14 per cent rise in a year. £160 for a week.

1. How had the cost of using public car parks risen between August 2009 and August
2010?
2. How does that compare with inflation over the same period?
3. Which are the most expensive and the cheapest places to park?
4. How are holidaymakers ripped off ?
Exercise 11. Read and translate these clippings to find the answers to these ques-
tions:
1. Can a car park itself now? How?
2. What happens sometimes when lots of similar cars are parked together?
3. What happened to an elderly Swedish driver?
264 Unit 35
Put in my place
by the car that can park itself
A COUPLE of weeks ago I wrote in this I resisted the temptation to clutch

column that I could not wait to try a wheel that was busy turning it-
out the new self-parking Ford Focus self and sat immobile while the car
and immediately Ford offered me the manoeuvred into the space and
chance, so with some trepidation I ar- straightened up. Inevitably Ford had
rived at on off-road site to see if the asked me to don a dance dress while
latest Focus would park in a smallish three “judges” scored first my own at-
space without any assistance from me. tempts to park (highest score seven)
The experience gave a whole and then the car’s attempt (three
new meaning to “look, no hands!” as straight 10s).
DAILY EXPESS 8.8.2011, p. 30
Hours it takes
to find car
THE SUN 13.8.2011, p. 17
A TYPICAL driver spends five hours
and 13 minutes a year searching for
A MAN aged 82 has asked for help
their parked car, a study found.
finding his car after spending two
A third of the 38 million motorists in
weeks trying to remember where he
the UK claim trying to find their car
parked it in Malmo, Sweden.
among rows of similar vehicles is the
SPOT
most annoying aspect of driving.
Steve Barnes, of NetVoucherCodes.
co.uk, said: “It’s astonishing that we
waste so many hours wandering
around trying to find where we’ve
parked our car.”
Parking 265
Exercise 12. Compare these two articles about the same fact. Whose presentation do
you like better, by The Daily Telegraph or by the Daily Express and why?
THE ENGINE’S FLOODED

Rising tide leaves sports car all at sea
The Alfa Romeo Spider was lifted from Bill Merchant, 52, a fisherman, said:
The Hard near Portsmouth’s Historic “There’s parking across the road and
Dockyard and carried out into the har- it’s only £2, but he probably parks
bour.The slipway is meant only for fish- here because he doesn’t want to pay
ermen to load and unload boats. But that.”
the unnamed car owner ignored the Police could only contact the own-
restrictions, which are signposted at er’s son-in-law, Steve Sterling, who said:
the entrance below a no entry warning. “He’s had the car for a few years and it is
The convertible was swamped at his pride and joy”.
12.20pm when the tide came in.
Bad tidings for a driver
The owner had left his Alfa Romeo Spi- The driver had caught a train to
der on the slipway at The Hard near London but four hours later the tide
Portsmouth’s historic dockyard. came in and the inshore rescue officer
It is only intended for boats to un- could not save the Spider. Police could
load but he ignored the restrictions be- only find his son-in-law, Steve Sterling,
neath a no entry sign. 29, who said: “It really is his pride and
Fisherman Bill Merchant said: “There’s joy.”
parking across the road and it’s only £2.”
266 Unit 35
Exercise 13. Here are some notices in the streets of Highcliffe, Dorset, and near Eus-
ton Station, London.
What restrictions1 do they contain and how are offenders2 to be punished?
P
Resident
PRIVATE PROPERTY PARKING
permit
unauthorized parking NO PARKING FOR
holders strictly prohibited CAFÉ ONLY
only
WHEEL CLAMP AREA
CARS ILLEGALLY PARKED

£100
WILL BE CLAMPED Christchurch
REMOVAL FEE £75 Housing 01202 483 243
Phone 01590 344721 4 hours-min
Society
to release
This is
a private car park No parking
This area
for the sole use of is for staff Offenders
members of this club parking only will be
Illegally parked cars prosecuted
will be clamped
STRICTLY
NO PARKING
GATES IN CONSTANT USE
1
restriction — ограничение
2
offender — нарушитель
36
267 Chapter 1 Unit
Number plates
(3) Low prices
Dialogue
(Paul, holiday apartments proprietor, and Gregory, his lodger)
Gregory: Paul, you promised to tell me about British car number plates. Can you do it now?
Paul: I’m ready.
G: The world’s first car registration plates were introdused in France in 1893. When were
car number plates introduced in this country?
P: It’s hard to believe in the 21st century, but when Parliament passed the Motor Car Act
in August 1903, it resulted in protests by many motorists.
The source of their dissatisfaction was that the new law required all cars to be registered
and carry a number plate, which one objector described as being ‘numbered like convicts
and labelled like hackney carriages (taxi cabs)’.
Even worse, motorists also had to have a driving licence — although there was no test to pass,
a licence could be obtained simply by filling in a form and paying a small fee at a post office.
The Act came into force on January 1, 1904, and the first London number plate to be is-
sued was Al. This went to a member of the aristocracy, Earl Russell, who queued all night
to secure the exclusive registration for his Napier.
The first number in Scotland, SI, was given to Lord Justice Advocate Kingsburgh, another
nobleman, but then only the wealthy could afford a car in those days.
G.: In Russia, you can learn from a number plate where the car was registered, whether
the owner is a VIP and sometimes, if the car is state owned, what ministry or department
it belongs to. What information can you get from number plates of British vehicles?
P.: There we’ve got to distinguish between the old system and the new one introduced in 2001.
G.: Naturally, I am interested in the new system.
P.: I’ll come to it later. But first let me tell you about the old one because there are still a lot
of cars left with old number plates, such as mine. In the past, the year in which a car was
made was shown by a letter at the start (‘prefix’) or at the end (‘suffix’) of the registration
number. The letters ran in alphabetical order. That system existed from 1963 until 2001.
Before 1963 (and in Northern Ireland also after 1963), there were no ‘prefixes’ or ‘suffixes’.
Between 1963 and 2001, they used up all letters of the alphabet except I,O,U and Z.
G.: When was your Toyota made?
P.: It has a P on its number plate, which means it was made between August 1996 and July 1997.
G.: Now for the new system, please.
P.: The current system was introduced in September 2001, yet many people are still con-
fused by it. A recent survey found that only a quarter of people understand what the
combination of letters and numbers means.
G.: Where does the new system differ from the old one?
P.: In many respects. Firstly, vehicles have a white plate at the front and a yellow one at
the back. In the old system both are white. Secondly, now there are seven characters. The
first two letters (“local memory tags”) show where the vehicle was registered and the next
268 Unit 36
two numbers show when. The last three letters in the registration (“random element”) are
randomly chosen and allocated to a dealership when registered.
G.: Which letters designate areas?
P.: The first letter of the number plate represents the area where the car was registered,
and the second relates to a particular DVLA1 office it was registered through. For exam-
ple, a car with the letters AB would be from the Anglia region (A), and registered at the
Peterborough DVLA office (B).
G.: To be able to tell at once where a car was registered, I need a list of letters and the
areas they designate.
P.: I got one from the Internet for you. Here it is.
1st Local identifier 1st Local identifier

letter DVLA office (2nd letter) letter DVLA office (2nd letter)
Peterborough A–N M Manchester A–Y
A Norwich O–U Newcastle A–0
N
Ipswich V–Y Stockton P–Y
В Birmingham A–Y O Oxford A–Y
Cardiff A–O Preston A–T
P
С Swansea P–V Carlisle U–Y
Bangor W–Y R Reading A–Y
Chester A–K Glasgow A–J
D
Shrewsbury L–Y Edinburgh K–0
E Chelmsford A–Y S Dundee P–T
Nottingham A–P Aberdeen U, V, W
F
Lincoln R–Y Inverness X, Y
Maidstone A–O V Worcester A–Y
G
Brighton P–Y Exeter A–J
Bournemouth A–J W Truro K, L
H Portsmouth K–V & X, Y Bristol M–Y
Isle of Wight W Leeds A–К
Luton A–L Y Sheffield L–U
К
Northampton M–Y Beverley V–Y
Wimbledon A–J
L Stanmore K–T
Sidcup U–Y
1
Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) — агентство выдачи водительских прав и ре-
гистрации автомашин
Number plates 269
G.: But where in this table is London?

P.: London, or to be more precise, Greater London is designated as L. Besides, you can see
the word Wimbledon to the right. Surely you know that Wimbledon Tennis Cup tourna-
ments are held in London?
G.: I do. But what do other 1st letters stand for?
P.: A stands for Anglia, B for West Midlands, C for Wales, D for Cheshire and Shrop-
shire, E for Essex, F for Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire, G for Sussex and Kent, H for
Hampshire and Dorset, K for Bedfordshire and Northamptonshire, M for Greater Man-
chester, N for Tyne&Wear and Cleveland, O for Oxfordshire, P for Cumbria and Lan-
cashire, R for Berkshire, S for Scotland, V for Herefordshire and Worcestershire, W for
Avon, Cornwall and Devon, and Y for South, West and East Yorkshire.
G.: Thanks. Now about the two numbers following the two letters.
P.: The next two numbers are a new way to show the car’s age. Between 2001 and 2009, the first
number 0 is for March–August registration, and a 5 for those from September to February. The
second number shows the year of the March–August registration or of the beginning of the
September–February registration. The sequence started in September 2001 with ‘51’. In March
2002 it changed to ‘02’. In September 2002, the number became ‘52’. In March 2003 it became
‘03’. 53 means September–December 2003 or January–February 2004 and so on.
Here’s a list of age identification numbers used in the new number plate format and the
years they correspond to (the forward slash stands for ‘or’):
51 — 2001 / 2002
02 — 2002
52 — 2002 / 2003
03 — 2003
53 — 2003 / 2004
04 — 2004
54 — 2004 / 2005
05 — 2005
55 — 2005 / 2006
06 — 2006
56 — 2006 / 2007
07 — 2007
57 — 2007 / 2008
08 — 2008
58 — 2008 / 2009
09 — 2009
59 — 2009 /2010
G.: What about the current decade? What numbers are used now?
P.: From March 2010, the first numbers are 1 instead of 0 and 6 instead of 5. Thus,
10 — 2010
60 — 2010/2011
11 — 2011
61 — 2011 /2012
12 — 2012
and so on...
270 Unit 36
G.: Beside number plates on cars and motorbikes I could sometimes see large red letters
L.: What do these stand for?
P.: Learner. The vehicle is driven by a learner driver.
G.: In Russia, some car owners add to the official number plate their name, some word
and/or number. So far the authorities have turned a blind eye to that. Do British car own-
ers do anything like that?
P.: We have gone much farther then that. If you are prepared to pay an extra sum of mon-
ey, you can buy from among those on sale any number plate you fancy. It’s so prestigious,
so chic to have a unique number plate. It may contain your date of birth, name, initials or
any word you may choose. For instance, SA55 SON, 2 OAK. The number of characters
in personal number plates may vary from two to as many as space permits. By way of il-
lustration, I’ve clipped out for you this beautiful personal number plate.
G.: How much are such vanity number plates?

P.: Prices may vary from a few hundred to several thousand pounds. The highest price
I have seen so far is £120,000.
G.: And what if one can’t afford such prices? What if they live paycheck to paycheck and
yet want to have a personal number plate so as to keep up with the Joneses?
P.: For the not so rich, there are BARGAIN PLATES with prices varying from £49 to
£1499. Or lists of plates entitled CLEARANCE CORNER where all prices are ONLY
£150. Newspapers and the magazine ‘Regtransfers’ regularly publish price lists of num-
ber plates under such headings as CHERISHED NUMBERS, FEATURED NUMBERS,
PERSONAL NUMBER PLATES, QUALITY REGISTRATIONS and ELITE REGISTRA-
TIONS.
Number plates 271
G.: And what if a motorist wants something special not listed in the price lists?
P.: Certainly, if you have money to burn, you can have a personal custom-made number
plate. But that would cost a pretty penny.
G.: So from the number plate you can tell how rich and ambitious the car owner is.
P.: Exactly. He who has the most fanciful number plates (‘vanity plates’) thinks he is it.
G.: Do you happen to know anything about American number plates?
P.: Well, firstly, with American registered automobiles it’s not ‘number plates’, but ‘license
plates’. And, secondly, these are issued by the State government and contain enough let-
ters and numbers for the number of cars in the state, so that small states have shorter
registration numbers. They often use different colours, symbols and slogans related to
the state. If the owner of the vehicle moves to a new state, he or she must get new license
plates. Unlike the US, in Britain the registration number of each new vehicle is registered
with the DVLA and stays with the vehicle even if it moves to a new area or has a new
owner.
Vocabulary notes
to afford smth — позволять себе current — теперешний, современный
что-л. custom-made — сделанный на заказ
to allocate smth — выдавать что-л. decade — десятилетие
ambitious — амбициозный, тщеслав- dealership — торговая точка, место
ный продажи
area — район to designate [deznet] — обозначать
the authorities — власти dissatisfaction — недовольство
automobile AE — car BE to distinquish — различать, отличать
to be more precise — точнее elite [elit] — элитный, элитарный
by way of illustration — в качестве to entitle — озаглавливать
иллюстрации exclusive — исключительный
character — зд.: знак (буква или цифра) to exist — существовать
to cherish — любить, ценить extra — дополнительный
chik [
ik] — шик, шикарный to fancy — нравиться (syn. to like)
to clip out — вырезать (из газеты, fanciful — причудливый, необычный
журнала) (clipping — заметка, выре- featured numbers — рекламируемые
занная из газеты или журнала) номера
to come into force — вступать в силу fee — зд. сбор, взнос
to confuse — спутать, сбивать с толку to fill in a form — заполнять бланк
to contain — содержать (ср.: рус. кон- format [fmæt] — зд. система
тейнер) hackney carriage — наемный экипаж
convict — заключенный he is it — он «пуп земли»
to correspond to smth — соответство- heading — заглавие, заголовок (ср.:
вать чему-л. headline — заголовок газетной статьи)
to cost a pretty penny — обойтись/ identification — установление, выяснение
влететь/встать в копеечку in many respects — во многих отноше-
cup — кубок ниях
272 Unit 36
Vocabulary notes
to introduce — вводить vanity p. syn prestigious p. — пре-
to keep up with the Joneses — не от- стижный регистрационный знак
ставать от других prestigious — престижный
to label — наклеивать ярлык, этикетку proprietor — владелец (бизнеса, гости-
list — список ницы, газеты)
price l. — прейскурант quality — качество
to l. — перечислять to queue [kju] — стоять в очереди
to live paycheck to paycheck AE — random — взятый наугад
жить от зарплаты до зарплаты randomly — наугад, не в определён-
local identifier, syn. local memory ном порядке
tag — указатель места region [ridn] — область, регион
lodger — жилец, квартиросъемщик to relate to smth — относиться
Lord Justice — член кассационного к чему-л.
суда to represent — представлять, быть
motorbike, syn. motorcycle — мото- представленным
цикл to require — требовать
Napier [nepi] — марка автомашины to secure — обеспечивать
nobleman — дворянин sequence [sikwns] — ряд, цепочка
the not so rich — небогатые люди slash — слеш (косая черта)
Now for the new system — Теперь forward s. — правый слеш
о новой системе source — источник
objector — несогласный space — место, пространство
on sale — в продаже (ср. выше: to stand for smth — означать что-л.
Unit 17 FOR SALE — Продается) state owned — являющийся государ-
particular — конкретный ственной собственностью
to pass an Act — принимать закон survey — опрос
to permit — позволять, разрешать tournament [tnmnt] — турнир
plate — пластинка to turn a blind eye to smth — смотреть
bargain p. — дешевый регистраци- на что-л. сквозь пальцы
онный знак unlike smth/smb — в отличие от
license p. AE — регистрационный чего-л., кого-л.
знак vanity — тщеславие
number p., numberplate BE — реги- to vary — варьировать(ся), колебаться
страционный знак you have money to burn — вам денег не-
to issue a n.p. — выдавать регистра- куда девать, у вас денег куры не клюют
ционный знак
es and sentences:
вторая (буква) обозначает конкретное агентство, где была зарегистрирована авто-
машина; Закон вступил в силу; Трудно поверить; Их выдаёт правительство шта-
та; К ней я подойду позже; Вы, конечно, знаете; Вы случайно не знаете…?; А если
Number plates 273
человек не может себе позволить платить такие деньги?; Мы пошли значительно

дальше; Чем новая система отличается от старой?; если автомашина государствен-
ная; были использованы все буквы алфавита; сохраняется у машины; Какие буквы
соответствуют каким районам; что-то особенное, чего нет в прейскуранте; Тепе-
решняя система была введена; последовали протесты со стороны многих автовла-
дельцев; Так что по регистрационному знаку можно определить, насколько богат
и честолюбив владелец; Если он живёт от зарплаты до зарплаты и тем не менее
хочет иметь персональный регистрационный знак, чтобы не отстать от других?;
первый выданный лондонский регистрационный знак; как, например, моя (ав-
томашина); Причиной их недовольства было; год обозначался буквой; простоять
в очереди всю ночь; если вам денег некуда девать; Во многих отношениях; пере-
езжает в другой штат; по новому закону все машины должны были быть зареги-
стрированы и иметь регистрационный знак; недавний опрос показал, что; вы мо-
жете заказать персональный регистрационный знак; Сочетания трёх последних
букв носят случайный характер; В отличие от США; тем не менее многие все ещё
не могут разобраться в ней; из числа имеющихся в продаже; В этом смысле мы
должны рассматривать старую и новую системы в отдельности; Но это вам влетит
в копеечку; Первая буква регистрационного знака обозначает район регистрации
машины; Этот перечень начался в сентябре 2001 года с цифры 51; число знаков
минимум два, а максимум — насколько хватит места; Он достался представите-
лю аристократических кругов; пронумерованы подобно заключённым; поступают
в торговую точку при регистрации автомашины; До сих пор власти закрывали на
это глаза; но ведь в те времена только богачи могли позволить себе иметь автомо-
биль; чтобы заполучить исключительный регистрационный знак.

1) ... 1963 and 2001, they used … all letters … the alphabet. 2) You can see the word
Wimbledon … the right. 3) The sequence started … September 2001 … ‘51’. 4) … the
not so rich, there are bargain plates … prices varying … £49 … £1499. 5) It resulted …
protests … many motorists. 6) ‘Where does the new system differ … the old one?’ ‘…
many respects.’ 7) The first number O is … March-August registration. 8) The registra-
tion number … each new vehicle is registered … the DVLA and stays …the vehicle even
if it moves … new area. 9) Prices may vary … a few hundred … several thousand pounds.
10) Here’s a list … age identification numbers used … the new number plate format and
the years they correspond … . 11) The second relates … a particular DVLA office it was
registered … . 12) A licence could be obtained … filling … a form and paying a small
fee … a post office. 13) Now … the new system, please. 14) The authorities have turned
a blind eye … that. 15) … way … illustration, I’ve clipped … … you this beautiful num-
ber plate. 16) What if they live paycheck … paycheck? 17) Vehicles have a white plate …
the front. 18) The Act came … force … January 1, 1904. 19) Many people are still con-
fused … it. 20) A car … the letters AB would be … the Anglia region (A), and registered
… the Peterborough DVLA office (B). 21) You can buy … … those … sale any number
plate you fancy. 22) These contain enough letters and numbers … the number … cars …
the state. 23) The number … characters … personal number plates may vary … two … as
274 Unit 36
many as space permits. 24) If the owner … a vehicle moves … a new state, he or she must
get new license plates. 25) … the number plate you can tell how rich and ambitious a car
owner is. 26) The last three letters … the registration are randomly chosen and allocated
… a dealership when the car is registered. 27) … the past, the year … which a car was
made was shown … a letter … the start or the end … the registration number. 28) If the
car is state owned, you can sometimes learn what ministry or department it belongs … .
1. When were car number plates introduced in the UK?
2. What were the first English and Scottish numbers?
3. What system of number plates existed in the UK from 1963 until 2001?
4. Where does the new system differ from the old one?
5. What do the first two letters show?
6. What do the next two numbers show?
7. How much are unique ready-made and custom-made number plates?
8. What can you tell about a person from their number plates?
9. What are the American counterparts of British number plates?
10. What is the main difference between them?
Exercise 4. What kind of person is the owner of number plates X 10 1 10 X?
Exercise 5. Where and when were the cars registered if their number plates are LS 05
FWO, OU 54 NBE, YT 07 XMP, NL 07 GVA, GL 10 JWK, WF 02 SVX, HJ 62 YKV?
Find the answers to these questions:
1. Why do thieves steal car number plates?
2. What do they do with the petrol?
3. What do police urge motorists to do?
Car plate thieves in fuel fraud
THIEVES are cashing in on the fuel crisis plates at pumps. Thieves know we can’t
by stealing car number plates so they trace them if they use stolen plates.” One
can make off with petrol from fore- victim of plate theft is Hampshire car
courts. salesman Malcolm Mathews.
They then either use the petrol The theft of Mathews’ licence plate
themselves or siphon it off to sell. from a busy area in the middle of the
A police spokesman said: “Most ga- day has prompted police to urge motor-
rages have CCTV to record car number ists to be extra vigilant.
Number plates 275
ADVERTISER & TIMES 9.7.2011, p. 24
Drivers warned over number plate thieves
CAR owners are being warned to be from petrol stations and dodging con-
vigilant after a spate of number plate gestion charges.
thefts in Lymington and New Milton. Police said if victims receive fines or
Police are advising motorists to letters after a number plate theft, they
secure them with special clutch head should reply immediately to the issuing
screws, which are cheap and widely authority with an explanation and any
available from motor parts retailers. Of- documentary evidence.
ficers believe the stolen parts are fitted It is an offence to display the wrong
to cars to conceal their identity in crimes vehicle registration mark, and those
such as speeding, illegal parking, thefts caught could face a fine of up £1,000.
Exercise 7. Now do the same with this clipping from the Daily Mail to find out what
caused the misunderstanding1 described.
DAILY MAIL 7.7.2008
Parking fine? I was 170 miles away
HE uses a mobility scooter and has not nearly 30 hours if he travelled at the
left the Isle of Wight since moving there scooter’s top speed of 6mph.
two years ago. However, he would have to per-
So Arnold Saunders was stunned suade eight people to let him recharge
to receive a fine for parking his electric its battery en route, as it has a range of
buggy without a ticket 170 miles from just 20 miles.
home in Birmingham. A spokesman for Birmingham city
The 89-year-old, who would have council said a ticket had been issued
to use a ferry and three motorways to two weeks ago to a car displaying the
reach the city, said the trip would take same registration plate as Mr Saunders
but had now been cancelled.
1
misunderstanding — недоразумение
276 Unit 36
Exercise 8. Not only the number plates, but the make of the car, its appearance and
condition tell you a lot about its owner. Read and translate these excerpts (use a dic-
The truth is that car choice, like almost his children to smart public schools
everything else in England, is mostly where they learnt to look down on pet-
about class. Try saying, ‘Now let me it-bourgeois middle-class businessmen.
guess… I’d say you probably drive a big But class distinctions, and class
Mercedes.’ anxieties, don’t stop with the make of
If your subject looks hurt or an- car you choose to drive. The English will
noyed, and responds either tetchily, also gauge your social rank by the ap-
with a forced laugh, or with a scornful pearance and condition of your car —
comment about ‘rich trash’ or ‘wealthy the way in which you care for it, or do
businessmen’, you have hit the adja- not care for it.
cent-class insecurity button. Your sub- How clean and shiny — or dirty and
ject has made it into the upper-middle scruffy — is your car? As a crude rule
‘intelligentsia’, ‘professional’ or ‘country’ of thumb: spotless, shiny cars are the
set, and is anxious to distinguish him- hallmark of the middle-middle, lower-
self from the despised middle-middle middle and upper-working classes;
‘business’ class, with which he almost while dirty, neglected cars are charac-
certainly has some family connec- teristic of the uppers, upper-middles
tions. You will find that his father (or and lower-workings (or in many cases
even grandfather — these prejudices ‘not-workings’ — the deprived, unem-
are passed down the generations) was ployed, underclasses). In other words,
a petit-bourgeois middle-class busi- dirty cars are associated with both the
nessman of some sort — perhaps a suc- highest and very lowest ends of the
cessful shopkeeper or sales manager or social scale, clean cars with the middle
even a well-off car dealer — who sent ranks.

1) What does the Mercedes test show?
2) Who are dirty and clean cars associated with?
Number plates 277
Exercise 9. Here are two examples of number plates you would not be able to get in
the UK for love or money1, not even from Elite Registrations. Find out from this clip-
ping how rich the car owners are and where they come from.
DAILY MAIL 9.8.2010, p. 20
Around the corner from Harrods, The auto show continued with a
I saw one Veyron with every inch of Rolls-Royce Phantom customised with
its bodywork coated in gold; another, a stainless steel bonnet. The number
chromed all over. Behind it, I watched plate on this car is simply ‘1’. Later that
a Veyron in pearlised white with shiny day I Googled this vehicle and dis-
chromium wings making a noise like covered that a couple of years ago its
a scalded Rottweiler. The Saudi number Dubai-based owner paid £9 million for
plate on this car was ‘999’. the registration number alone.
Note: 999 [nain nain nain] is the telephone number used in the UK for calling the
police, fire or ambulance2 services in an emergency3.
1
not for love or/nor money infml — ни за какие деньги/коврижки
2
ambulance — карета «Скорой помощи»
3
emergency [mdnsi] — чрезвычайная ситуация
37
278 Chapter 10 Unit
Riverbus
Dialogue
A: What do you think of going to Greenwich?
B: What is there to see in Greenwich?
A: Oh, plenty. The first thing that catches your eye is the Cutty Sark, the most famous
and only remaining Clipper Ship, built in 1869 and recently restored after a fire.
B: What else?
A: Then there is the National Maritime Museum where you can learn the story of Britain
and the sea, the elegant Queens House royal palace and, of course, the Old Royal Obser-
vatory.
B: Is it there that the zero meridian runs?
A: Yes, and there you can stand astride the meridian line.
B: Straddle the zero meridian? What a great idea!
A: Greenwich, for me, as for many others, is associated with Greenwich Mean Time
which is a standard for calculating the time in other countries. But I’ve noticed Ameri-
cans avoid using that term.
B: Right. Instead of the abbreviation GMT, they often use utc, that is ‘universal time co-
ordinated’. You can also hear on the Voice of America announcements like it’s coming on
15 hours universal time!
A: Why? What’s wrong with Greenwich Mean Time?
B: They probably want to avoid confusion with their own Greenwich, Connecticut, and
with Greenwich Village which is a section of New York City. Nowadays along with GMT
British electronic media often use the abbreviation CET (Central European Time). It is
one hour ahead of GMT and two hours behind Moscow time.
A: When do they use GMT and when CET?
B: When announcers give you the time in London at the moment of speaking, naturally
they use GMT. CET is often used when speaking of future programmes. How do we get
to Greenwich?
A: By train from London Bridge, by Underground via Island Gardens and a foot tunnel
under the Thames or by riverbus.
B: Where can we get on the riverbus?
A: We could start from Festival Pier, from London Bridge Pier or from St. Katherine Pier
at Tower Bridge.
B: London Bridge will suit us best, since it must be close to London Bridge Underground
station which is on our Northern Line. What are riverbus fares?
A: 10 min — £1.40, 30 min — £4.20, ‘All Day Travel’ — £6.00 (Adult) and £3.00 (Chil-
dren).
Riverbus 279
(On board a riverbus)

B: What’s this?
A: Safety card. It says, among other things, that no smoking is permitted on board and
passengers must remain seated while the vessel is moving.
B: The Thames is not the sea. An accident is hardly likely.
A: And yet it is not entirely ruled out. Listen: “Your Riverbus crew are trained in emer-
gency procedures. In the unlikely event of a serious incident they will give clear instruc-
tions. Please remain in your seat, remain calm and listen carefully to their instructions.”
B: Do we get lifejackets?
A: Your lifejacket is under your seat. If you need to put it on, you will be told.
B: What skyscraper is that on our left?
A: It’s the tallest in London and the second tallest in Europe.
B: How tall is it?
A: 244 m or 800 ft. It’s part of a large-scale office development named Canary Wharf.
B: But why ‘Wharf ’?
A: Because it is in London’s Docklands.
B: I think we are now approaching Greenwich.
A: Yes, we are almost there.
Vocabulary notes
aboard; syn. on board — на борту, на astride — верхом
борт carefully — осторожно, тщательно; зд.:
along with — наряду внимательно
announcer — диктор to catch smb’s eye — бросаться кому-л.
to approach smth — приближаться в глаза
к чему-л. СЕТ (Central European Time) — цен-
to associate — ассоциировать(ся) тральноевропейское время
280 Unit 37
Vocabulary notes
clipper — клиппер lifejacket — спасательный жилет
confusion — смешение, путаница maritime — морской, приморский
crew — команда, экипаж meridian — меридиан
development — развитие; зд.: ново- observatory — обсерватория
стройка; ср. выше: a new d. — новый pier — пирс
микрорайон to rule out — исключать (возможность)
emergency procedure — порядок дей- to straddle — сидеть верхоˆм
ствий в чрезвычайных ситуациях utc = universal time coordinated — со-
foot tunnel — пешеходный тоннель гласованное всемирное время
gardens — сквер, ботанический сад wharf [wf] — верфь
GMT = Greenwich Mean Time — zero — нуль, нулевой
среднее время по Гринвичу z. meridian — нулевой меридиан, syn.
instructions — указания time meridian
large-scale — крупномасштабный
tences:
Если потребуется его надеть, вам скажут; А чем плохо «среднее время по Гринви-
чу»?; Да, мы почти приехали; Несчастный случай маловероятен; Однако он не ис-
ключён; Этот небоскрёб — второй по высоте в Европе; Команда речного трамвая
умеет действовать в аварийной ситуации; Как нам добраться до Гринвича?; В слу-
чае серьёзного ЧП (что маловероятно) команда даст вам чёткие указания; А что
смотреть в Гринвиче?; Пожалуйста, оставайтесь на своих местах, сохраняйте спо-
койствие и внимательно слушайте их указания; Это там проходит нулевой мери-
диан?; Лондонский мост нас устроит лучше всего; При движении судна пассажиры
должны оставаться на своих местах; Как насчёт того, чтобы съездить в Гринвич?;
Что ещё?; Вы можете стать так, чтобы одна нога была по одну, а другая — по дру-
гую сторону от меридиана; Первое, что вам бросается в глаза, это «Катти Сарк»;
Они, возможно, хотят избежать путаницы с их собственным Гринвичем; когда го-
ворится о будущих программах; Сейчас почти 15 часов по Гринвичу.
1) An accident is not entirely ruled ... . 2) Where can we get ... the riverbus? 3) We could
start ... St. Katherine Pier ... Tower Bridge. 4) It’s the tallest skyscraper ... London. 5) What
do you think ... going ... Greenwich? 6) They probably want to avoid confusion ... their
own Greenwich. 7) Your lifejacket is ... your seat. 8) You can stand ... the meridian line.
9) The safety card says, ... other things, that no smoking is permitted ... board. 10) If you
need to put it ... , you will be told. 11) Instead ... the abbreviation GMT, they use utc.
12) Please remain ... your seat. 13) What skyscraper is that ... our left? 14) London Bridge
Underground station is ... the Northern Line. 15) Listen carefully ... their instructions.
16) Greenwich, ... me, as ... many others, is associated ... Greenwich Mean Time which is
a standard ... calculating the time ... other countries. 17) The Riverbus crew are trained ...
Riverbus 281
emergency procedures. 18) What’s wrong ... Greenwich Mean Time? 19)... the unlikely
event... a serious incident they will give clear instructions. 20) “How do we get ... Green-
wich?” — “... train ... London Bridge, ... Underground ... Island Gardens and a foot tunnel
... the Thames or ... riverbus.” 21) … … GMT British electronic media often use CET.
22) It is one hour … … GMT and two hours … Moscow time. 23) When announcers give
you the time … London … the moment … speaking naturally they use GMT.
1. What is there to see in Greenwich?
2. Why don’t Americans use the term GMT?
3. How does one get to Greenwich from Central London?
4. What are riverbus fares?
5. What precautions are taken on board a riverbus?
6. What is Canary Wharf?
Exercise 4. You may think that a shipwreck on a river is hardly likely. Yet it is a possibil-
ity. Read and translate this clipping (use a dictionary where necessary). Then answer
these questions:
1. What is the name of the tugboat?
2. How long did it take to sink?
3. How many crew members were missing and how many were rescued?
4. What did a witness say?
5. Where on the Thames did the accident occur?
THE SUN 13.8.2011, p.21
Crewman missing after tug capsizes
By HARRY HAYDON
A TUGBOAT sank in 60 SECONDS on the A witness said: “The front tug

River Thames yesterday, with one of its seemed to hit a buoy and capsize.
crew missing. “It was submerged very quickly —
The search for the man, named lo- in a minute or two. I saw two men be-
cally as Darren Lacy, was called off last ing pulled out the water.
night. “All the boats in the area scrambled to
It is thought he was in the engine search for the third man. As the minutes
room of the Chieftain — one of two dragged on, I started to fear the worst.”
tugs towing a crane barge. Rescuers spent four hours search-
Two other men on board were res- ing for the missing man after the 11 am
cued by a passing speedboat. accident near London’s Greenwich Pier.
282 Unit 37
Exercise 5. Here is the back of a riverbus ticket. Read its text carefully (use a dictionary
where necessary). Find there the answers to these questions:
1. When is this ticket valid for use?
2. Who are you to show your ticket to?
3. Can you transfer1 the ticket to another person?
4. Whose property is the ticket?
THIS TICKET IS NOT VALID FOR USE BEFORE 0930 HRS.

AND NOT VALID FROM GREENWICH PIER BETWEEN 1700 HRS & 1800 HRS
Our Riverbus Tickets allow you the freedom of the entire Our Riverbus Service
for one day, excluding the service to the London City Airport.
The Explorer Ticket will be issued on the Our Riverbus, or at our Sales Offices.
The ticket should be sealed within the wallet. Please show your ticket to Our
Riverbus staff on request.
Check the date of the Explorer Ticket, as it is only valid for the day shown.
This ticket is not transferable.
Issued subject to current regulations and conditions of the Our Riverbus LTD.
This ticket is the property of the Our Riverbus LTD.
Exercise 6. Find in the Safety Card below the answers to these questions:
1. What restrictions are imposed2 on passengers?
2. How are the two kinds of exit from the passenger saloon marked?
3. How do passengers learn how to put on lifejackets?
4. What are passengers to board in the event of a serious incident?
1
to transfer — передавать
2
to impose restriction on smb — налагать ограничения на кого-л.
Riverbus 283
RIVER/BUS
SAFETY CARD
All passengers should read this card carefully.
It provides important information for your safety and comfort.
NO SMOKING is permitted on board.
Passengers must remain seated while the vessel is moving.
Access is not allowed to the outside deck.
RIVERBUS SAFETY PLAN

The diagram below shows the layout of this Riverbus.
The emergency exits from the passenger saloon are clearly marked.
Lifejackets are located under the seats
Your River/Bus crew are trained in emergency procedures.

In the unlikely event of a serious incident they will give clear instructions. Please
remain in your seat, remain calm and listen carefully to their instructions. Your life-
jacket is under your seat. If you need to put it on you will be told. Instructions for
putting on your lifejacket are shown in the diagram below.
Should it be necessary to board the liferaft this will be done through the doors at
the rear of the cabin.
LIFEJACKET DONNING INSTRUCTIONS
• Place lifejacket over head passing side-tapes under arms

• Pull side-tapes down firmly until lifejacket grips body
• Cross side-tapes behind back and return to front
• Tie side-tapes securely between upper and lower front pads
284 Unit 37
Exercise 7. Examine the ticket below. Find in it the answer to these questions:
1. What museum and observatory are such tickets issued1 by?
2. Which of them are holders2 entitled3 to visit?
3. How many people is the ticket meant for4?
4. How do you know?
5. What date was the ticket valid5 for?
6. What will donations6 be spent on?
7. What donations are suggested?
8. What was the pound-to-dollar exchange rate7?
9. What is the Museum’s postcode?
NATIONAL MARITIME MUSEUM

Terms&conditions of entry apply
20/12/2006
ROG Admissions
Admits 1 (ONE)
Group A
Booking Ref: 90480900
ROYAL OBSERVATORY GREENWICH
Greenwich London se10 9nf
ROG Admissions
20/12/2006
Booking Ref: 90480900
Group A
Admits 1 (ONE)
NATIONAL MARITIME MUSEUM. GREENWICH. LONDON SE10 8NF

We welcome ail donations towards
the ongoing work of the Museum.
If you have enjoyed your visit,
we suggest a donation of €5, $5 or £3.
Thank you.
1
to issue — издавать, выпускать
2
holder — владелец
3
to be entitled to smth — иметь право на что-л.
4
to mean smth for smb — предназначать что-л. для кого-л.
5
valid — действителен
6
donations — пожертвования
7
exchange rate — обменный курс
Riverbus 285
Exercise 8. Read and translate this clipping about GMT (use a dictionary where neces-
sary) and then answer these questions:
1. How did GMT develop into the global reference point?
2. How did British sailors calculate their longitude?
3. How were time zones created?
4. When was GMT adopted as the official UK time?
5. When was British Summer Time legalised?
How the world set its clocks to GMT
By Anil Pawar
GREENWICH Mean Time developed point and led to the creation of time
into the global time reference point zones.
thanks to Britain’s naval power in the It was adopted as the official UK
18th and 19th centuries. time in 1880.
British sailors always carried at Not long after, British Summer Time
least one chronometer — a highly and the practice of moving clocks for-
precise clock — set to GMT so they ward an hour between May and Octo-
could calculate their longitude away ber became law with the Summer Time
from the Greenwich Meridian of zero Act in 1916.
degrees. Recent partiamentary attempts
As increasing numbers of mariners to adopt the time used in the rest of
from different nations began using the Western Europe have all failed.
same measurements, GMT became The UK now uses the same time
the universally accepted reference zone as Ireland and Portugal.
38
Unit
Sightseeing
bus and boat
Dialogue
A: What is the best way of seeing most sights of London if I am hard pressed for time?
B: There are London Transport Sightseeing Tours.
A: What are they?
B: Traditional red buses with guides on board to point out the sights and tell you about
London.
A: How long does a tour take?
B: About 1½ hours.
Sightseeing bus and boat 287
A: Where does it start?

B: Tours depart throughout the day from four Central London locations. Then there are
so-called hop-on-hop-off buses. There you can hop off to have a closer look at whatever
interests you and then hop on another bus and continue your tour with the same ticket.
A: Are there sightseeing boats?
B: There certainly are. Besides riverbuses (which are primarily part of London’s public
transport system), there are official London sightseeing boats. Once one such boat took
us (my wife, granddaughter and me) from Tower Bridge to Westminster. By the way, if
I had had a Travelcard or an Oyster card at the time of travel, I should have got 1/3 off
the normal riverboat fare.
A: Was there a guide on board?
B: There was and he was giving a running commentary: “Look to your left. There is
HMS Belfast... On your right now is Cleopatra’s Needle” and so on. Shortly before the
boat landed at Westminster Pier, he went around, cap in hand, demanding, “Apprecia-
tion!”
A: What did he mean?
B: That was his way of asking for a tip.
288 Unit 38
Vocabulary notes
appreciation — высокая оценка в первую очередь, прежде
cap in hand — с кепкой в руках всего
to depart — отправляться; ср. выше: running commentary — непрерыв-
departure — отправление ные пояснения, комментарий по ходу
to go around — обходить всех присут- чего-л.
ствующих shortly before — незадолго до
HMS = Her Majesty’s Ship — Корабль sight — зрелище
Её Величества to see a s. — осматривать достопри-
to hop — прыгать (на одной ноге) мечательность
(to h. on/off a bus — вскочить в авто- sightseeing — осмотр достопримеча-
бус/выскочить из автобуса тельностей
needle — игла to take — зд.: занимать время
to point out — указывать throughout the day — в течение всего
primarily — зд.: в основном, главным дня
образом; ср. выше: primarily — tip — чаевые
es and sentences:
Незадолго до того, как катер пришвартовался к пирсу, он обошёл пассажиров
с кепкой в руках, требуя: «Оцените мой труд!»; Посмотрите налево; если у меня
мало времени; и так далее; Что он имел в виду?; Справа — Игла Клеопатры; авто-
бус «вскочи — выскочи»; Сколько времени длится экскурсия?; Таким способом
он просил на чай; Однажды такой катер доставил меня от Тауэрского моста до
Вестминстера.

1) Look ... your left. 2) A tour takes ... 1 1/2 hours. 3) That was his way ... asking ... a tip.
4) I am hard pressed ... time. 5) ... your right is Cleopatra’s Needle. 6) London Trans-
port Sightseeing Tours are traditional red buses ... guides ... board to point ... the sights.
7) Shortly ... the boat landed ... Westminster Pier, he went ... , cap ... hand, demanding,
“Appreciation!” 8) Tours depart ... the day ... four Central London locations. 9) Once one
such boat took me ... Tower Bridge ... Westminster. 10) You can hop ... to have a closer
look ... whatever interests you and then hop ... another bus and continue your tour ... the
same ticket.

1. What is the best way of seeing most sights of London if you are hard pressed for time?
2. How long does a tour take?
3. What is a hop-on-hop-off bus?
4. Where does a sightseeing boat differ from a riverbus?
Sightseeing bus and boat 289
Exercise 4. This is a sightseeing boat ticket. Examine it to answer these questions:

1. Is the ticket meant for a cruise1 inside or outside London?
2. What is the boat’s destination?
3. What age group is the ticket meant for?
4. Is it a return ticket?
5. When are such tickets available?
6. When was the ticket issued? (The first digit2 is the day, the second — the month, and
the third — the year)
CITY CRUISES
2 7 6 0 0
WESTMINSTER
CHILD SINGLE
TICKETS AVAILABLE DAY OF ISSUE ONLY
1
cruise [kruz] — поездка по воде, плавание
2
digit — цифра
39
290 Chapter 10 Unit
Travelling by air
Dialogue
(Heathrow airport)
Michael: Here we are at Heathrow airport at last.
His Russian friend Gregory: Hope it is fine all the way to Edinburgh.
М.: Hope so. Anyway, so far the weather has been smiling at us.
G.: Did you hear that announcement on the public address system: “British Airways
flight 257 to Edinburgh is now ready for boarding at gate 20”?
М.: So we are just in time.
G.: It’s time for us to cheek in.
М.: Yes, let’s.
G.: What luggage are we to check in?
М.: As for hand luggage, a maximum of one piece of luggage per passenger may be car-
ried in the cabin of the aircraft.
G.: Then we’ll check in this heavy suitcase only. By the way, it’s my firm belief that allow-
ing all passengers the same weight of luggage is grossly unfair. Imagine, I weigh 60 kgs
and another guy is overweight, say, 100 kgs. And yet we are permitted the same 20 kgs
of luggage. I think the allowance should include the combined weight of the passenger
and his luggage. So long as the plane is not overloaded, lightweight passengers should be
allowed excess luggage with no extra charge.
Attendant at the check-in counter (after attaching a baggage identification tag to the
suitcase): What seats would you prefer?
G.: In the non-smoking area, of course.
Attendant: We have a non-smoking policy on board. The whole flight is non-smoking. Even
Britain’s pubs, restaurants and cafes are now smoke-free. I mean window, centre or aisle seats?
G.: Window seat for me, please.
М.: Then mine is centre. How many passengers does the aircraft seat?
А.: 130. Ву the by, smoking at this terminal is permitted only in specially designated
areas. (Smoking areas).
М.: Here’s our boarding passes (picks them up). Next is baggage screen and walking
through a metal detector gate.
G.: Such a waste of time!
M: Not at all. From time to time midflight explosions are reported, plots to blow up
planes are disrupted, or planes are hijacked. Hence tightened security at airports and air
marshals on board. Your coat, cap, belt and shoes are removed for scanning. Full body
scanners are used, even such as see under our clothes, as well as physical search.
M.: Frisking, that is searching a person by feeling quickly over the body in search of
a concealed weapon or explosives. In this way one can spot things that traditional metal
detectors cannot.
Travelling by air 291
G.: But surely some people would like less intrusive screening. Aren’t there less intrusive
ways of screening passengers? How does that agree with civil liberties?
M.: Yes, there are civil liberties involved as well as breach of privacy laws, but foiling
a bomb plot and saving human lives far outweighs all other considerations. From time to
time we hear about suicide bombers trying to bomb themselves up on board an airliner
and blow it up. They pose a terrible threat to the public air service.
G.: Luckily it is not an international, but a domestic flight, so we don’t have to go through
customs.
(On board )
G.: Now at long last we are aboard.
A young lady: I’m afraid you are in the wrong seat, sir. I’m so sorry. My apologies, sir.
М.: Which is your row?
The young lady: Thirteen.
М.: And this is row 14. Sorry about that, madam.
G.: So ours is row 14. So much the better. I’m a bit superstitious about the baker’s dozen.
М.: You are not the only one. In some places there are no houses No. 13. And once
I stayed at a hotel in Montreal on the 14th floor which followed the 12th.
The captain (on the intercom): This is your captain speaking. It’s nice to have you with us.
Welcome aboard British Airways flight to Edinburgh. Now from us and the cabin crew
we wish you a pleasant flight. Please make yourselves as comfortable as you can. Due to
a delay of the food van we’ll be somewhat late in departing, but we’ll make it up in flight
and we’ll land as scheduled. The flight is light today. So you’ll have no difficulty in placing
your luggage in the overhead compartment.
М.: And now he’ll be giving an update on the weather along our route. Hope we are not
going to hit any air pockets.
The captain: A safety briefing is to be given shortly. I would appreciate your attention to that.
Senior air hostess: Your flight is under Captain Williamson. I’m senior air hostess Mac-
Donald.
G.: And now I can guess what she’s going to say next. It’s all the same on all airlines.
‘Please take your seats, fasten your seat belts ready for departure, set the back оf your seat
in an upright position, refrain from smoking,’ etc.
М.: Let’s see if your prediction comes true.
S. a. h.: Your attention is greatly appreciated. Please take your seats. Make your seat belt fast.
М.: You see? Not quite what you expected.
S. a. h.: If you have any questions, please ask your crew. We hope you have a relaxed and
enjoyable flight. If there is anything to make this flight more comfortable, please do not
hesitate to ask. We have got a flight entertainment system on board. Actually after takeoff
we shall be showing a BBC musical.
G.: When she is through, please wake me up. I’m going to have a bit of shut-eye.
М. (five minutes later): Now she is through. She finished by saying ‘We wish you a pleas-
ant journey and thank you for choosing British Airways’. As for shut-eye, I don’t mind
having 40 winks myself. After that farewell party last night I need to catch up on my sleep.
S. a. h.: We’ll go through the safety demonstration. Your safety is our priority.
G.: Look, she’s already putting on a life jacket.
(Three minutes later)
292 Unit 39
S. a. h.: Thank you for your attention. I wish you a pleasant flight to Edinburgh.
М.: Sometimes they say, “Thank you for listening. I hope you’re going to sit back, relax
and enjoy the flight.” Once in Australia I heard, “Have a great flight.”
The captain: Ladies and gentlemen, we are approaching an area of passing turbulence.
Please fasten your seat belts. We are in for a bit of a bumpy ride.
S. a. h. (five minutes later): We’ll serve you a light meal into Edinburgh.
G.: Look, a hostess is handing round the drinks. Got yours, Mike? Down the hatch!
The captain: Ladies and gentlemen, we’ll touch down in 10 minutes. 10 minutes to touch-
down. Thank you. (Five minutes later). Fasten your seat belts. We are coming in to land
(After landing). Thank you for choosing British Airways Shuttle.
Vocabulary notes
actually — фактически; зд.: сегодня breach — нарушение
to agree with smth — согласовываться briefing — инструктаж
с чем-л. safety b. — инструктаж о мерах
air marshal — вооруженный охранник безопасности
на борту by the by, syn. by the way — между
allowance — зд.: разрешенный вес прочим
along with — наряду с cabin — зд.: салон
anyway — как бы то ни было c. crew, syn. c. staff — бортпровод-
apology — извинение ники
to appreciate — ценить; ср. выше: captain — зд.: командир корабля
appreciation — высокая оценка to carry — зд.: брать с собой
to attach — прикреплять, закреплять to catch up on one’s sleep — отоспаться
attendant — сотрудник to check in (for a flight) — проходить
baggage identification tag — багажная регистрацию, сдавать багаж, вселяться
бирка в гостиницу
baggage screen — ультразвуковой до- check-in counter — стойка регистра-
смотр багажа ции
belt — ремень civil liberties — гражданские свободы
seat b.; syn. AE safety b. — ремень to conceal — прятать
безопасности consideration — соображение
Fasten your seat belts; syn.: Make your customs — таможня
seat belts fast, Buckle your seat belts — to be / get through c. — пройти тамо-
Пристегните ремни женный досмотр
to blow up — взрывать to go through c. — проходить тамо-
boarding pass — посадочный талон женный досмотр
(ср. выше: pass — пропуск, билет), syn. to detect — обнаруживать (ср. рус.:
embarkation card детектор, детектив)
bomb [bm] — бомба to disrupt, syn. to thwart, to foil — сры-
to b. an airliner — взорвать авиалай- вать (например, чей-л. план)
нер dozen [dzn] — дюжина
to b. oneself up — взорвать себя baker’s d. — чертова дюжина
Vocabulary notes
excess [ekses] — превышающий intrusive — зд.: вторгающийся в част-
норму ную жизнь
explosives — взрывчатка to involve — зд.: затрагивать
extra charge — дополнительная оплата it’s my firm belief — я глубоко убежден
farewell party — проводы (вечеринка) to land, syn. to touch down — призем-
to feel — зд.: ощупывать ляться, совершать посадку
flight — полёт; (авиа)рейс landing, syn. touchdown — посадка,
domestic f. — внутренний рейс (ant.: приземление
international f. — международный рейс) We are coming in to land/for
enjoyable f. — приятный полёт landing — Мы заходим на посадку.
relaxed f. — неутомительный полёт hard l. — жесткая посадка
f. entertainment system — развлека- soft l. — мягкая посадка
тельная программа (в полёте) light — зд.: не полностью загружен,
gate — выход; ср. выше: gate — ворота, ant. full, overloaded
воротца lightweight — легкого веса
metal detector g., syn. electronic g. — luggage, syn.: АЕ, BE baggage — багаж
рамка металлоискателя ВЕ hand l., carry-on l. AE carry-on
to gо through smth — зд.: проделывать (baggage) — ручная кладь
что-л. two pieces of l. — два места багажа
grossly unfair — в высшей степени не- to make it up — наверстывать, компен-
справедливо сировать
to hand round — раздавать, разносить midflight explosion — взрыв в полете
hatch — люк non-smoking, syn. smoke-free — для
Down the hatch! syn. Bottoms up! — некурящих
Пей до дна! non-smoking area — помещение, где
hence — отсюда не курят
to hesitate — колебаться non-smoking policy — запрет на
Do not hesitate to ask! AE Feel free курение
to ask! — Спрашивайте, не стесняй- on time — вовремя (точно, по распи-
тесь! Пожалуйста, спрашивайте! санию)
to hijack a plane — угнать самолет to outweigh smth — перевесить что-л.,
hostess — хозяйка быть важнее чего-л.
air h.; syn. cabin attendant; AE flight overweight — слишком тяжёлый
attendant, syn. (air) stewardess — стю- overhead compartment — полка над
ардесса, бортпроводник головой
senior air h. — старший бортпро- РА = public address system — система
водник радиооповещения, система трансля-
to imagine — представлять себе, вооб- ционного радиовещания
ражать physical search — личный досмотр, syn.
in time — вовремя (успели) hand search, body search, infml. frisking
intercom — внутренняя телефонная to conduct a body search — произво-
или селекторная связь дить личный досмотр
294 Unit 39
Vocabulary notes
plot — заговор super s. — самолёт, курсирующими
to foil / to thwart a bomb p. — со- по длинным маршрутам
рвать заговор взорвать самолёт to sit back — откинуться на спинку
pocket — карман кресла
air p. — воздушная яма so much the better, syn. all the better —
to hit an air p. — попасть в воздуш- тем лучше
ную яму to stay — зд.: проживать в гостинице
prediction — предсказание suicide bomber — террорист-само-
priority — приоритет, самое важное убийца
privacy [prvsi] / [pravsi] — superstitious — суеверный
частная / личная жизнь to take off — взлетать; ant. to land, to
to refrain from smth — воздерживать- touch down; syn. to fly off — взлетать
ся от чего-л. takeoff — взлёт, ant. landing,
to relax — расслабляться touchdown
route [rut] — маршрут terminal — аэровокзал
row [r] — ряд threat [ret] — угроза
safety demonstration — демонстрация to pose a terrible t. — представлять
мер безопасности огромную опасность
to scan — сканировать tightened security — усиление мер
scanner — сканер, сканирующее безопасности
устройство true — истинный
scanning — сканирование to come t. — сбываться
schedule BE [
edjul], AE update — последняя информация
[skedjul] — расписание, график upright — вертикальный, вертикаль-
as scheduled — по расписанию ное положение
screening — зд.: проверка to walk through — проходить через
seat — место, сидение waste of time — потеря времени
aisle [al] s. — место у прохода weapon — оружие
centre s. — место в середине We are in for a bit of a bumpy ride —
window s. — место у окна Нас немного поболтает
wrong s. — не свое место Welcome aboard! — Приветствуем вас
Take your seats! — Займите свои места! на борту!
shut-eye infml — сон wink — мигание, подмаргивание
to have a s. infml — вздремнуть to have 40 winks infml — «схватить
shuttle — челнок; самолёт, курсиру- минуток 40»; ср. выше: syn. to have
ющий по коротким маршрутам (то a shut-eye
же — air shuttle)
tences and phrases:
Устраивайтесь поудобнее; тем лучше; Сегодня у нас рейс загружен не полностью,
так что вам нетрудно будет разместить свой багаж; Пора проходить регистрацию;
У нас не принято курить в самолёте; Прошу внимания; Командир корабля — Уи-

льямсон; Сейчас мы разнесем закуски, и пока вы кушаете, мы прилетим в Эдин-
бург; У нас есть развлекательная программа; Воздержитесь от курения; Боюсь, что
вы сидите не на своём месте; Пока погода нам улыбается; До посадки осталось 10
минут; Экипаж самолёта желает вам приятного полета; Курение в нашем аэровок-
зале разрешается только в специально отведённых местах; Спасибо за внимание;
Я немного вздремну; Сколько мест в самолёте?; Это затрагивает гражданские сво-
боды; намного важнее всех иных соображений; К счастью, это внутренний рейс,
и нам не нужно проходить таможенный досмотр; Мы заходим на посадку; Мы
входим в зону временной турбулентности; Приятно, что вы летите с нами; Наш
рейс — некурящий; Вскоре будет проведен инструктаж по вопросам безопасно-
сти. Прошу вас внимательно его прослушать; Откиньтесь на спинку кресла; По-
смотрим, насколько оправдается твой прогноз; Пожалуйста, займите свои места;
Пристегните ремни; Поставьте спинку вашего кресла в вертикальное положение;
Ваша безопасность для нас превыше всего; Спасибо, что воспользовались услу-
гами авиакомпании «Бритиш эйруэйз»; Когда она закончит, разбуди меня, по-
жалуйста; Начинается посадка на самолет, следующий рейсом 257 до Эдинбурга.
Пассажиров просят пройти к выходу номер 20; Наш вылет немного задерживает-
ся; пожалуйста, спрашивайте; нарушение законов о недопустимости вторжения
в личную жизнь; Как это согласуется с гражданскими свободами?; Нас немного
поболтает.

1) 10 minutes ... touchdown. 2) We have got a flight entertainment system ... board.
3) Sorry ... that. 4) When she is ..., please wake me ... . 5) We are ... Heathrow airport ...
last. 6) I’m superstitious ... the baker’s dozen. 7) Refrain ... smoking. 8) You are ... the
wrong seat. 9) We’ll touch … … ten minutes. 10) Hope it is fine all the way ... Edinburgh.
11) A hostess is handing ... the drinks. 12) walking ... a metal detector gate; 13) We’ll serve
you a light meal ... Edinburgh. 14) The weather has been smiling ... us. 15) She finished
... saying; 16) Sit ..., relax and enjoy the flight. 17) an announcement ... the public address
system; 18) Window seat ... me. 19) Thank you ... your attention. 20) Thank you ... choos-
ing British Airways. 21) We have a non-smoking policy ... board. 22) We’ll go ... the safety
demonstration. 23) We’ll make it … … flight. 24) She’s putting ... a life jacket. 25) Your
flight is ... Captain Williamson. 26) Smoking ... this terminal is permitted only ... specially
designated areas. 27) I stayed ... a hotel ... Montreal ... the 14th floor. 28) Set the back ...
your seat ... an upright position. 29) A maximum ... one piece ... luggage ... passenger may
be carried ... the cabin ... the aircraft. 30) You’ll have no difficulty ... placing your luggage.
31) We are ... time (... boarding). 32) It’s nice to have you ... us. 33) It’s time ... us to check ... .
34) Flight 257 ... Edinburgh is now ready ... boarding ... gate 20. 35) It’s all the same ...
all airlines. 36) ready ... departure; 37) Welcome ... British Airways flight ... Edinburgh.
38) an update ... the weather ... our route; 39) Due ... a delay ... the food van we’ll be some-
what late ... departing. 40) Now ... us and the cabin crew we wish you a pleasant flight.
41) … that farewell party last night I need to catch … … my sleep; 42) How does that
agree … civil liberties? 43) We are … … a bit … a bumpy ride.
296 Unit 39

11. What announcement was made on the public address system?
12. What luggage was checked in?
13. What seats were chosen?
14. What mistake did the young lady make?
15. Are you superstitious about the baker’s dozen?
16. Why was the aircraft late in departing?
17. Why did the passengers have no difficulty in placing their luggage?
18. What are passengers usually told to do?
19. What airline did you fly last time?
10. What security precautions1 were in place2 at the airport?
11. How did you pass through airport security?
Exercise 4. Match English words and expressions with their Russian equivalents. For
example: 1—16.
a)
1. To comply with noise abatement 1. Пассажирам и сотрудникам
regulations аэропорта вход воспрещён
2. Arrivals fast track (horizontal walk- 2. Позвольте я вас быстро осмотрю
way)
3. Air sick bag 3. Прошу предъявить документ,
удостоверяющий вашу личность
4. Flight connections 4. Во время взлета и посадки уберите
столики
5. Entry is restricted to airline passen- 5. Для поддержания на плаву
gers, their friends or relatives and staff используйте нижнюю подушку
on duty
6. No entry to passengers or staff 6. Г-н Н., пожалуйста, обратитесь
к бортпроводникам
7. Keep exit area clear 7. Приглашаются на посадку все
пассажиры
8. No smoking beyond this point 8. Счастливо долететь, счастливого
пути
9. You are in a no smoking area 9. Приглашаются на посадку
пассажиры, имеющие места от 18
ряда и выше
10. Unclaimed baggage 10. Прокат автомашин
11. Hotel courtesy bus 11. Бегущая дорожка для прибывающих
пассажиров
12. Car Rental 12. Окончание регистрации пассажиров
13. Chauffeur Drive Service 13. Лететь рейсом 137
1
security precautions [prk
nz] — меры безопасности
2
to be in place — действовать
14. Mrs Anne Shikao, make themselves 14. Курение в здании аэровокзала
known to the cabin crew please только в специально отведенных
местах
15. Flight. AZ 284 from Milan will arrive 15. Лететь самолетом авиакомпании
in Terminal 1 «Аэрофлот»
16. Flight OK 754. Delayed; flight delay 16. Соблюдать меры по борьбе с шумом
17. Flight SK 519. Baggage in hall 17. Пассажиров просят покинуть
зал получения багажа в течение
получаса после прилета
18. This door must be kept locked. 18. Аэробус (автобус, курсирующий
Security между городом и аэропортом)
19. Passengers are expected to start to 19. Рейс SA-102 из Цюриха прибывает
leave the baggage hall approximately на аэровокзал-2
30 minutes after landing
20. Hotel Reservations 20. Прокат автомашин с водителем
21. Arrivals → 21. Метро — быстрый способ добраться
из Хитроу до центра Лондона.
Следуйте в метро по указателям
22. Emergency Exit 22. Не задерживайтесь у выхода
23. Way out → 23. Для вашего удобства и защиты
ваших интересов заприте ваш багаж
и прикрепите заполненные бирки
внутри и снаружи. Это ускорит воз-
врат багажа в случае его задержки
или погрузки на другой рейс
24. Airbus 24. Рейс SU-243. Вылет задерживается;
задержка рейса
25. Check-in desk 25. Курение в следующем зале
запрещается
26. From Heathrow 26. Выход →
Fast and Frequent into Central
London
Just follow the signs for the
Underground
27. Use bottom cushion for flotation 27. Стойка регистрации пассажиров
28. Stow table during takeoff and landing 28. Рейс FA 124. Багаж в зале
29. For your convenience and protection, 29. Переход на другие рейсы для
please lock your baggage and affix транзитных пассажиров
completed labels inside and outside
your baggage. This will expedite the
return if delayed or misplaced.
30. Let me give you a quick check, sir! 30. Бесплатный автобус для гостей
гостиницы
31. Latest check-in time 31. Запасной выход
298 Unit 39
32. Smoking at this terminal is permitted 32. Для прибывших пассажиров →

only in specially designated areas
33. To fly on flight 257 33. Заказ гостиниц
34. To fly (with) British Airways 34. Вход только для пассажиров
авиакомпании, их друзей или
родственников и дежурных
сотрудников
35. Safe journey! 35. Невостребованный багаж
36. Picture ID, please 36. Санитарный пакет
37. Seats 15 and higher, welcome to board 37. По соображениям безопасности
дверь не отпирать
38. All customers are welcome on board 38. Зал для некурящих
b)
39. long-haul flight, short-haul flight 39. Просьба к пассажирам оставаться
на своих местах до полной
остановки самолёта
40. baggage carousel [kærsel] 40. багаж, похищенный при
транспортировке
41. white knuckle landing 41. пассажир, вернитесь к стойке
регистрации
42. aircraft coming in to land 42. перелёт четыре часа с небольшим
43. You will be hand searched 43. иммиграционная карточка
44. air scanner 44. боязнь авиаперелётов
45. 10,000 pieces of luggage have gone 45. самолет летел на автопилоте
astray
46. luggage stolen in transit 46. первый рейс самолета
47. Passengers are requested to remain/ 47. На всех рейсах Аэрофлота
to be seated till the aircraft stops запрещено курение. Пожалуйста,
воздержитесь от курения на
протяжении всего полёта.
48. Passenger Mohammed, come back to 48. В результате отмены ряда рейсов
the check-in desk в аэропорту скопились сотни
49. four-and-a-bit flight 49. вынужденная посадка
50. Frequent Fliers are entitled to a bonus 50. посадка «на нервах»
51. We’re airborne 51. полёт через зону турбулентности
52. Landing Card 52. Самолёт поднялся за облака
53. rear part of the cabin 53. зал вылетов
54. forced landing 54. Откиньтесь на спинку кресла
55. fly phobia 55. Вас подвергнут личному досмотру
56. Cancellation of several flights left 56. Пожалуйста, поместите свою
hundreds of passengers stranded ручную кладь под сиденье кресла
впереди сидящего пассажира
57. Sit back on your seat 57. Продолжается посадка на рейс 017,
следующий до Ниццы. Пассажиров
просят пройти на посадку к выходу
номер 7.
58. The plane was flying on autopilot 58. задняя часть салона
59. Take-off was delayed 59. Самолёт снижается
60. departure lounge 60. металлодетектор для осмотра
61. a bumpy flight 61. Погас сигнал «пристегнуть ремни»
62. maiden flight 62. часто летающим пассажирам
положен бонус
63. Stow your hand luggage away 63. Взлёт задержался
64. Passengers for flight 017 to Nice are 64. карусель (багажная змейка)
now boarding at gate 7
65. All Aeroflot flights are non-smoking. 65. затерялись 10 000 мест багажа
Please refrain from smoking at all
times.
66. The plane is making its descent 66. больше места для ног
67. Your carry-on luggage should be 67. самолёты, заходящие на посадку
securily stowed under the sent of the
passenger in front
68. The seatbelt light is off 68. Могу я лететь прямым рейсом
в Ванкувер?
69. The plane climbed above the clouds 69. Самолёт потерпел аварию при
взлете
70. They are catching a flight 70. багажная тележка
71. Go to the baggage area, pick up your 71. Заканчивается посадка на рейс
luggage and pass through customs 821 до Франкфурта. Просьба
к оставшимся пассажирам
немедленно занять свои места
72. Your flight leaves from Gate 11. It will 72. Проходите в зал получения багажа,
be boarding in twenty minutes. заберите свой багаж и пройдите
таможенный досмотр
73. This is the final call for Flight 821 to 73. Просьба пройти на посадку на ваш
Frankfurt. Would any remaining pas- рейс к выходу 11. Посадка начнётся
sengers take their seats immediately через двадцать минут.
74. trolley 74. дальний рейс, ближний рейс
75. flight recorder 75. Мы в воздухе
76. more leg room 76. Они спешат на рейс
77. The plain crashed on take-off 77. бортовой самописец
78. Can I take a direct flight to Vancou- 78. Уберите вашу ручную кладь
ver?
300 Unit 39
Exercise 5. Match synonyms from the right- and left-hand columns. Use a dictionary
where necessary. Example: 2–1.
1. We hope you have a relaxed and 1. Electronic notice board
enjoyable flight
2. Monitor 2. 10 minutes to touchdown
3. BE Hand luggage/baggage 3. Flight 102 is available for boarding
4. BE Left Baggage/Luggage 4. Down the hatch!
5. BE Boarding Pass 5. No entry except to authorised staff/persons
6. No entry except to staff 6. Thank you for listening
7. Flight 244 is ready for boarding 7. Flight for Moscow, a plane bound for Paris
8. Flight to Edinburgh 8. AE Stewardess, Flight attendant, BE cabin
attendant
9. BE Air hostess 9. Thank you for flying (with) Qantas
10. Flight 242 to Moscow — last call, 10. Flight 103 to Bucharest now closing at
gate 14 gate 7
11. Exit 11. Way out
12. Thank you for choosing British 12. overshot the runway
Airways
13. BE Baggage Reclaim 13. AE Carry-on baggage
14. Bottoms up! 14. AE, AuE Baggage Claim
15. Thank you for your attention 15. I hope you’re going to sit back, relax and
enjoy the flight
16. The flight attendant is dispensing 16. The plane was running with autopilot
the drinks
17. We’ll touch down in ten minutes 17. The flight is light
18. green customs exit 18. Embarkation Card; AE, IrE Boarding Card
19. The plane was flying on autopilot 19. long-haul air travel
20. long-haul flight 20. The hostess is handing round the drinks
21. baggage claim area 21. Fasten your seatbelts
22. flight (data) recorder 22. baggage hall
23. rolled off the end of the runway 23. black box (recorder)
24. Buckle up 24. green channel
25. There are few passengers on 25. AE Checkroom
board the plane
Exercise 6. Translate these pairs of antonyms. Use a dictionary where necessary.

Arrival — Departure
Origin — Destination
Head wind — Tail wind
Nothing to declare — Goods to declare
Take off — Touch down
No entry to passengers or staff — Entry is restricted to airline passengers, their friends or
relatives and staff on duty.
Exercise 7. This is what a British Airways captain said to his passenger on the inter-
com:
Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. On behalf of British Airways, Captain Massey and
his crew welcome you on board the Start Herald Flight to Southampton. Our flight time
will be approximately forty-five minutes, and we shall be climbing to an altitude of eight
thousand feet and cruising at a speed of two hundred and fifty miles per hour.
Find above the English equivalents of these Russian phrases and sentences:
Полёт будет проходить на высоте 8000 футов со скоростью 250 миль в час; и весь
экипаж; рейс до Саутхемптона; приветствует вас на борту; Полетное время —
около 45 минут; от имени авиакомпании.
Exercise 8. Translate the following into English. You will find cues1 in exercises 4–6
above.
1. Заканчивается посадка на самолёт, вылетающий рейсом 570 до Дели. Пассажи-
ров просят срочно пройти к выходу номер 12.
2. Благодарим вас за то, что выбрали для полёта самолёт авиакомпании «Дельта».
3. Вход по пропускам, Служебный вход.
4. Табло.
5. Посадочный талон.
6. Начинается посадка пассажиров, вылетающих рейсом 244.
7. Пункт вылета.
8. Встречный ветер.
9. Отсутствие товаров, подлежащих обложению таможенной пошлиной.
10. Пункт назначения.
11. Попутный ветер.
12. Ручная кладь.
13. Камера хранения багажа.
14. Откиньтесь на спинку сиденья и расслабьтесь. Желаю вам приятного путеше-
ствия.
15. Наличие товаров, подлежащих обложению таможенной пошлиной.
Exercise 9. Translate this safety briefing (use a dictionary where necessary).

Before we take off, your captain asks that you familiarise yourselves with our safety pro-
cedures and equipment. Let’s look first at the safety features of your seat. Whenever the
sign is on, fasten your seat belts, set the metal tag into the buckle and tighten by pulling
on the loose ends. We’ll provide extension seat belts for a nurse. When seated, we recom-
mend you keep your seat belts securely fastened, even when the signs are off. But to undo
the belt, simply lift up the metal tag from the buckle and pull apart.
If the cabin air system should fail, oxygen masks will be used. These are just above your
seats. Stay in your seat and pull the mask towards you to open your oxygen supply. Place
it over your mouth and nose as quickly as possible and adjust the band to secure it. Then
1
cue — намёк, подсказка
302 Unit 39
breathe normally. Do make sure your own mask is correctly fitted before helping anyone
else.
Your life-jacket is either beside or underneath your seat. To use it, take it out of the con-
tainer and place it over your head. Pass the tapes around your waist and tie them securely
in a double bow at your side. Inflate your life-jacket when you leave the aircraft. We’ll
supply life-cots for babies and life-jackets for infants.
In the unlikely event of the aircraft having to make an emergency landing, you’ll be told
to take this protective braced position, which is shown on your safety card.
High-heeled shoes must be taken off as they may tear the evacuation slide.
Move quickly to the closest usable exits, leaving your hand luggage behind. Emergency
lighting at floor level will help you find your way to the exits. These are clearly signed.
There are two exits at the rear of the aircraft and two at the front of each cabin section.
Your crew will point out the exits nearest to you.
The main doors are opened by pulling the large handle inwards and upwards. The emer-
gency exits in the centre of the rear cabin are opened by lifting the handle and pushing
the door.
Opening the doors automatically inflates the evacuation slides. The slides can also
be inflated by pulling this handle. Jump on the slide and move away from the aircraft.
As you leave the aircraft, inflate your life-jacket by pulling the red tag. A light will
come on automatically on contact with water. And there’s a whistle for attracting at-
tention.
You may only smoke if your seat is in a smoking area. Do not smoke when the ‘No smok-
ing’ signs are on. Smoking in all other areas in the aircraft including the aisles and toilets
is strictly forbidden. Mobile phones must be switched off as they interfere with aircraft
systems.
Always make sure your hand baggage isn’t blocking the aisles or exits. It should be put
under the seat in front of you or in an overhead locker. But place items in the locker care-
fully, as they may fall and injure someone.
Finally, take a look at the safety card in the seat pocket in front of you.
If you have any questions, please ask your crew. We hope you have a relaxed and enjoy-
able flight.

1. When and how are your seat belts to be used?
2. What if the cabin air system should fail?
3. What are life-jackets meant for?
4. What position are passengers to take in case of an emergency landing1?
5. What else are they to do?
6. How about smoking on board?
7. May mobile phones be used?
8. Where should hand luggage be kept?
1
emergency landing — вынужденная посадка
Exercise 10. The problem of overweight air passengers seems to be international.

Read and translate these clippings from the Daily Express and from the USA Today (use
a dictionary where necessary). In the 1st article find the answers to these questions:
1. What happened to Kevin Smith?
2. Is the author of the first letter a frequent flier?
3. How does he feel when sitting next to an oversized person?
4. Why is that undesirable?
5. What was the author of the second letter told when he asked the flight attendant to
move him?
6. How was the matter settled eventually?
7. What is “height disadvantaged”?
8. What alternative is suggested for oversized people who refuse to lose weight?
USA TODAY 18.2.2010, p. 10A
Making overweight fliers pay for two seats makes sense
No offense to director Kevin Smith — I’m to get past that person shoehorned into
a fan of his movies — but as for him be- that aisle seat to get to an exit.
ing kicked off a flight for being oversized,
Pete May
I have to cheer for Southwest Airlines
Pittsburgh
(“Kevin Smith ejected from flight because
of his weight,” USATODAY.com, Monday).
Not an issue of sensitivity
I fly on airplanes well over 50 times
per year. I am very familiar with the dread On my last US Airways flight, I sat next to
a passenger feels when he is faced with an oversized woman. She was unable to
the possibility of sitting next to a plus- put down either arm rest. I asked the flight
sized person for two-and-a-half hours. attendant to move me. I said I couldn’t sit
This is not an issue of personal rights in the seat due to the lack of room. I was
or discrimination; rather, it’s an issue informed that I could get off the plane
of comfort and safety. Airline seats are and get on the next flight.
small enough as is. Passengers should Eventually, they were able to get
not be forced to be squished into two- a child to change places with me.
thirds of their seat; they are entitled to I’m not heavy, but at more than
a full one. Not to mention that if there 6-foot-5, I am “height disadvantaged.”
were an emergency, it would be difficult I can’t control my height, but many over-
weight individuals can control their size.
Stewart Feldman
Scottsdale, Ariz.
304 Unit 39
Three questions on the second article:

1. What do British holidaymakers suggest?
2. What proportion of them support the idea?
3. On what pretext1 can airlines refuse to sell tickets to oversized passengers?
‘Make fat flyers buy two seats’
OVERWEIGHT air passengers should be from customers in the survey of 6,000

charged for an extra seat if they are too travellers by price comparison website
fat to fly, according to a survey of British TravelSpec.com.
holidaymakers. James Fremantle, of the Air Trans-
Almost three-quarters said obese port Users Council, said: “The only way
travellers should pay double fare for the airlines can do anything about obese
extra space they take up. Lack of space passengers is if they can’t get the seat
on flights was the biggest complaint belt around them.”
The conductor of our choir and his wife decided to go on a long holiday to Canada.
Arriving at Heathrow Airport after an exhausting drive from Edinburgh, our conductor
commented to his wife: “I wish we’d brought the piano with us.”
“Why?” she asked.
“Because our airline tickets are on top of it,” he replied.
A recorded announcement over the intercom: “Ladies and gentlemen, this plane is fully
automatic. There is no pilot, no co-pilot, no engineer, no navigator, no radio operator, no
flight attendants. But passengers needn’t worry, as nothing can go wro-, nothing can go
wro-, nothing can go wro-” etc.
1
pretext [pritekst] — предлог (повод)
Vocabulary notes
choir [kwa] — xop to go wrong — испортиться
to comment — комментировать navigator — штурман
conductor — дирижёр pilot — пилот
co-pilot — второй пилот radio operator — радист
engineer — зд.: бортинженер to record; syn. to tape — записывать (на
exhausting — изнурительный плёнку)
Exercise 12. Examine the ticket below and answer these questions:
1. What document is this?
2. What airline was it issued by?
3. What were the date, origin of the flight, its destination, boarding time and departure
time?
4. What were the numbers of the flight, gate and seat?
5. Was it a smoking or a non-smoking flight?
Boarding Pass
Carte d’accès à bord
BRITISH AIRWAYS Einsteigekarte BOARDING PASS
Tarjeta de embarque
Name of Passenger
Name of Passenger VEIKHMAN / G MR
VEIKHMAN / G MR
From Carrier Flight Class Date Time
*From SHUTTLE *
LONDON LHR BA 4872 C 30AUG 1400 LONDON LHR
To To
EDINBURGH EDI
EDINBURGH EDI Flight Class Date Time
BA 4872 C 30AUG 1400
* SHUTTLE * GATE BOARDING TIME SEAT SMOKE
5 1350 23Q
23A/098 PCS WT UNCKD BAGGAGE ID NUMBER

0 0
NOT VALID WITHOUT CPN DOCUMENT NUMER OK
FLGHT COUPON AX
ATTACHED
306 Unit 39
Exercise 13. This is a passenger receipt1. Examine it to find the answers to the follow-
ing questions:
1. What is the date of issue?
2. When was departure from London?
3. When was departure from Edinburgh?
4. What was the fare, the tax2 and the total?
5. What form of payment was used?
6. Could the receipt be used as a ticket?
95
ATB-2
PASSENGER TICKET AND BAGGAGE CHECK PASSENGER TICKET AND BAGGAGE CHECK
SUBJECT TO CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT PASSENGER RECEIPT 1OF 1
PASSENGER COUPON
DATE OF ISSUE ISSUING OFFICE CODE IISI ISO
30AUG95 91490674 SITI GB
ISSUED BY BRITISH AIRWAYS LONDON
ISS. AGENT ID. PLACE OF ISSUE NAME OF PASSENGER
QEDAI /HEATHROW VEIKHMAN/G MR
FCI
NAME OF PASSENGER (NOT TRANSFERABLE) FARE BASIS TOUR CODE X/O FORM
PRINTED IN U.S.A. BY RAND McNALLY (11-94) STOCK 83571 PART T2119D
VEIKHMAN/G MR VXV0 LONDON

X/O TO
X/O FROM **NOT VALID FOR** X/O TO ***TRANSPORTATION* VXVO BA 4782 V 30AUG
CARRIER FLIGHT CLASS DATE TIME STATUS NOT VALID BEFORE NOT VALID AFTER EDINBURGH
**THIS IS YOUR PECEIPT** VXVO BA 4743 V 05SEP
REVALIDATION
ENDORSEMENTS/RESTRICTIONS
/NO RES CHANGE OR REFUND REVALIDATION
ORIGINAL ISSUE ISSUED IN EXCHANGE FOR PNR CODE PNR CODE CARRIER FLIGHT CLASS DATE TIME
YUMZWY/BA
FARE CALCULATION CONJ.TKT.NO
30AUG95LON BA(EH)EDI R58.24BA(EH)LON R58.24NUC116.48 END ROEO.63525 GATE BOARDING TIME SEAT SMOKE
FORM OF PAYMENT
FARE EQUIV FARE PD. CASH
GBP 74.00 ADDITIONAL SEAT INFORMATION
TAX GB 5.00 LONDON
PCS. CK.WT. UNCK. WT. SEQ. NO. ALLOW. PCS. CK. WT. UNCK. WT. PCS. CK.WT. UNCK. WT. SEQ. NO. ALLOW. PCS. CK. WT. UNCK. WT.
******************************************************************* *****************************************
TAX STOCK CONTROL NO. TX CK CPN AIRLINE FORM AND SERIAL NUMBER CK BAGGAGE ID NR.
TAX NOT VALID FOR TFAVEL
12500106811246 0 125 2103848219 0 CPN AIRLINE FORM AND SERIAL NUMBER CK
TOTAL
GBP 0 125 2103848219 0
79.00
DO NOT MARK OR WRITE
IN THE WHITE AREA ABOVE
Exercise 14. This is a Super Shuttle menu, flight 9, origin — London, destination —
Sydney. Translate it (use a dictionary where necessary) and answer these questions:
1. How many meals were there in all?
2. Was breakfast a full English or a continental one?
1
receipt — зд.: квитанция; ср. выше: receipt — кассовый чек
2
tax — налог
3. What meals were served instead of elevenses and dinner?

4. Was there any soup as a starter for lunch and evening meal?
5. Why?
6. What was available at the bar?
BREAKFAST REFRESHMENTS
Selection of sandwiches
Fruit juice
featuring ham, tuna fish,
Fresh fruit appetizer cheese and pastrami
A light omelet Your choice of coffee or
MENU and bacon tea with chocolates
Garnished with grilled
SUPER SHUTTLE
tomato, mushrooms and
dauphine potatoes
Breakfast roll
with butter and
marmalade
Your choice of coffee
or tea
AFTERNOON TEA LUNCH AND BAR SERVICE

EVENING MEAL
Selection of sandwiches Saute of beef bourguig- Selected wines from the
featuring ham, tuna fish, nonne. Served vineyards of Europe
cheese and pastrami with french beans,
carrots and parisienne Spirits, beers, minerals
Lightfruitscone. Served potatoes and cordials
with clotted cream and
strawberry jam Fruit meringue with
cream
Your choice of tea or
Selected cheese with roll
coffee
and butter
Your choice of coffee
ortea
308 Unit 39
Exercise 15. Read and translate these dos and don’ts for long-haul flights (use a dic-
tionary where necessary). Which of these tips world you take?
You may well be travelling economy class

but that’s no excuse for not arriving looking like a superstar,
says MILLIE NOAKES
DRINK WATER, NOT ALCOHOL some sleep. It will help the journey pass
IF you’re going by plane you’ll need to more quickly and refresh you for when
keep your hydration levels up, so drink you arrive.
plenty of still water (the fizz in fizzy wa-
ter and sodas will make you bloated) and KEEP YOUR BRAIN ACTIVE
steer clear of alcohol as it will dehydrate When you’re not sleeping, keep
you and go to your head faster. You will your brain active. If you’re not bored,
feel lethargic and grumpy and many air time will pass more quickly. You can
rage incidents are drink-related. use different activities to break up the
journey, if it is a long one. Make sure
EXERCISE you have a good book, a guidebook of
Keep moving — stretch and wriggle where you going, a crossword, games
your toes and arms to keep circulation like chess, backgammon, cards or
active. Most planes now offer guide- Scrabble or another interest with you
lines on avoiding Deep Vein Thrombo- in case the films aren’t showing or you
sis (DVT) but the condition can affect don’t like or have seen them.
anyone sitting in the same position for
a long time. If it is possible to get up and WEAR COMFY CLOTHES
walk around, do so. Don’t wear tight jeans or skirts if
you’re going to be sitting down for a long
SLEEP time. It’s unhygienic and uncomfortable
If you’re on a long-haul flight or as the buckles and waistbands will dig in
travelling a long way by train, try to get and irritate.
More legroom would avoid risk of DVT during flights
SO more than seven out of 10 of Britons As far as drinking lots of water is con-
take little or no exercise during long- cerned, yes a good idea, just as long as
haul flights and almost half do not drink you don’t mind climbing over your fel-
enough water, increasing their risk of ill- low passengers who are desperately try-
health. ing to sleep in your effort to pay extra
Certainly one should perform exer- toilet visits.
cises to guard against DVT but have the The DVT problem will be solved only
experts who conducted this latest sur- when airlines stop packing in their pas-
vey ever tried to stand up and stretch in sengers like sardines and allow decent
an economy seat? legroom.
You are lucky if you can move your
arms to eat the in-flight meal.
Six top travel tips
• As soon as you are onboard set your • Wear loose-fitting clothing made
watch to destination time and during the from natural fibres. Take off shoes on
flight try to sleep and eat accordingly. longer flights as ankles normally swell
• Avoid drinking too much alcohol a little.
and caffeine and eating too much. • Most airline in-flight magazines
• Drink a glass of water for every have a range of exercises to follow that
hour onboard. can help blood circulation. Exercising
• On long-haul flights increase your calf muscles is especially good. Try not
chances of sleeping by packing an eye to cross your legs. Go for an occasional
mask, ear plugs and a neck pillow in walk.
your hand luggage.
310 Unit 39
THE DAILY TELEGRAPH 23.7.2008. p. 8
More “bumped off ” passengers complain
By David Millward
COMPLAINTS from passengers who Normally airlines seek volunteers, of-

were “bumped off ” overbooked aero- ten offering cash. However, in some cas-
planes increased last year, figures show. es this is not done and when passengers
Airlines regularly overbook aircraft, are “bumped” against their will, they
calculating that a number of passengers are entitled to compensation under EU
will not turn up. However, when they do, rules. Airlines were not always helpful
or an airline switches to a smaller plane, when flights were diverted, leading to
some people have to take another flight. 115 complaints.

1. Why do airlines overbook aircraft?
2. What happens when all passengers turn up?
3. What are “bumped off ” passengers entitled to?
4. Have you ever been is such a fix1?
Our antique fruit knife fell foul of Wimbledon security
I CAN understand the airport security This ‘dangerous’ object had a 10cm
people removing my nail clippers from blade, the end of which was rounded
my toilet bag. like а 10р coin, and the cutting edge
However, I fail to understand the would just about cut an apple.
treatment of my 72-year-old wife at It was taken off her. After the match
Wimbledon. ended she asked for it back and was told
She had in her bag some fruit and an the police had destroyed it.
antique fruit knife which belonged to
her mother.
1
fix infml — затруднительное положение

1. What was taken off the pensioner’s wife at Wimbledon?
2. Was it returned after the match?
3. What excuse1 was made?
4. Have you ever been in such a fix?
Hell of Heathrow makes me nostalgic for the past
THE travel delays that many holiday- in the departure area (not lounge). We
makers can expect make me shudder. strolled out to our aircraft to be greeted
What a way to start your holiday, by a cheery pipe-smoking pilot who was
packed like sardines into an airport op- helping to stow baggage.
erating, as its departing chief executive There were no security checks; in
has admitted, at full capacity. fact, my army commanding officer reg-
I recall flying from London Airport ularly flew with his service revolver in
(as Heathrow was called) in 1946. The his briefcase alongside his sandwiches.
terminal was a surplus army tent, and Happy days!
we served ourselves tea from an urn

1. Why wouldn’t the author use Heathrow nowadays?
2. What was it like in 1946?
3. What kind of hand luggage could passengers carry in the cabin then?
TELEGRAPH TRAVEL 23.7.2011, p. 17
What do you hate about holidays?
There are no surprises at airports; all that waiting. Why do you have to be there two
hours beforehand? You shuffle along, then queue, and then you shuffle again and
queue some more.
1
excuse — отговорка, предлог
312 Unit 39
Two more questions to answer:

1. What is a fly in the oinment1 when you go on holidays nowadays?
2. Is getting to the airport two or three hours before departure really justified2?
Airline among worst

for lost bags and delayed flights
BRITISH Airways may have reported June this year, the AEA found that one
better than expected profits last week, bag went missing for every 64 passen-
but even before yesterday’s strikes gers on BA, leaving it in 22nd position.
there were signs that the airline’s cus- Only KLM and Tap Air Portugal per-
tomer service was under-performing. formed worse.
Despite announcing first quarter On punctuality, BA has fared little
pre-tax profits of £124 million the air- better recently.
line was named among Europe’s worst On short-haul routes, more than
performing scheduled airlines for punc- 23 per cent of flights arrived late (de-
tuality and baggage delivery, according fined as not within 15 minutes of
to figures released by the Association of schedule) and 22 per cent departed
European Airlines (AEA) this month. late, placing the airline in 22nd and
Based on the performance of 24 23rd among the 24 that volunteered
scheduled airlines between April and for the report.

1. What were BA’s profits3 for the first quarter4 of 2005?
2. What was BA criticized for?
3. In what position was the Dutch airline KLM?
4. How punctual was BA’s performance5?
1
a fly in the ointment — ложка дёгтя в бочке мёда
2
to justify — оправдывать (действия)
3
profit — прибыль
4
quarter — квартал
5
performance — работа; to perform — работать
DAILY MAIL 26.6.2008, p. 73
Grabbing at Gatwick
BOTH terminals at Gatwick airport transport because they don’t have the
have been charging for baggage trolleys right coins or currency for a trolley. For-
(Mail) for some months. eign tourists must be disgusted with
I’ve seen exhausted families and el- this, as there are very few airports world-
derly travellers with large amounts of wide where this is the practice.
luggage struggle to get to their ground

1. Is use of baggage trolleys at Gatwick airport free?
2. Why couldn’t some travellers pay for a trolley?
3. How must foreign tourists feel about it?
4. Do you know of any other airports where they charge for baggage trolleys?
THE SUN 16.8.2005, p. 9
Landing scare
Passengers were shaken up

yesterday after a BA flight from Bir-
mingham to Hanover overshot the
runway by 150 yards.

1. What happened to the British Airways flight?
2. How did the passengers take it1?
1
How did the passengers take it? — Как к этому отнеслись пассажиры?
314 Unit 39
Exercise 17. These two clippings from the Daily Mirror and The Sun contain the same
piece of news1. Read and translate them (use a dictionary where necessary). What
details overlooked by the Daily Mirror were reported by The Sun?
DAILY MIRROR 25.8.2005, p.14
Glitch hits
BA flights
AN air traffic control problem yester- Flights on other airlines were de-
day forced British Airways to cancel 17 layed more than an hour after the com-
flights from Heathrow and seven from puter failure at National Air Traffic Ser-
Gatwick. vices centre at West Drayton, London.
THE SUN 25.8.2005, p. 18
UK flights axed as system crashes
FLIGHTS to and from Heathrow and by British Airways, whose schedules

Gatwick were disrupted yesterday after were devastated earlier this month by
a computer crashed at air traffic control. a wildcat strike in a catering row.
The system was down for only 20 A BA spokeswoman said yesterday:
minutes — but services were hit for “We have tried to limit cancellations to
more than an hour. routes where we have multiple daily fre-
Flights to Paris, Nice and Madrid quency.”
were among the 17 services cancelled
1
piece of news — новость
Which of these 15 things did you know?
Five things you never knew about… flying

WILLIAM HARTSTON
1. At any given moment, there are ap- don and Paris. The first in-flight hot
proximately 350 000 people flying in meals were dished up in 1927.
aircraft. 4. The Wright brothers ran a bicycle re-
2. In 2001, a million-pound research pro- pair business before they moved into
ject concluded that penguins do not flying.
fall over when aircraft are flying over- 5. The original daring young man on the
head. flying trapeze was French acrobat Ju-
3. The first in-flight meals were served in les Léotard, who gave his name to the
October 1919 on flights between Lon- leotard ballet costume.
Five things you never knew about… aviation

WILLIAM HARTSTON
1. Aviation Day (August 19, which was 3. The first air hostess was Ellen Church
the birthday of Orville Wright) was of Iowa who started in the job in
established in 1939 by US President 1930.
Franklin D. Roosevelt. He may have 4. The first British air hostesses, in 1936,
chosen Orville’s birthday rather than were required to be able to type and
Wilbur’s as Orville was still alive and mix cocktails...
Wilbur wasn’t. 5. “Airports are ugly. Some are very ugly.
2. Orville piloted the first flight in Decem- Some attain a degree of ugliness that
ber 1903. It lasted just 12 seconds and can only be the result of a special ef-
he flew 120 feet. fort” (Douglas Adams).
316 Unit 39
Five things you never knew about… Friday the 13th

WILLIAM HARTSTON
1. It is a curious quirk of the Gregorian 3. Fear of Friday the 13th is known as
calendar that the 13th of the month is paraskevidekatriaphobia.
more likely to fall on a Friday than any 4. Four of the 12 Friday the 13th films
other day of the week. were released on Friday the 13th.
2. In Spain and Greece, they consider 5. There is always at least one and at most
Tuesday the 13th to be unlucky. three Friday the 13ths in any year.
Exercise 19. Do the same as in Exercise 17 with clippings from the Telegraph Travel
and The Daily Telegraph.
TELEGRAPH TRAVEL 21.7.2007, p. T7
Heathrow to check fingerprints

Fingerprinting of passengers, a process has a shared departure lounge for all
that has irritated many visitors to the passengers, domestic travellers already
United States, will soon be happening have their photographs taken.
on some domestic flights within Britain. A spokeswoman for Terminal 5 said
Domestic passengers departing from the new fingerprinting systems were
Heathrow’s Terminal 5, which opens in a way of taking security to the next level.
March, will have to give a fingerprint and Bob Mocny, the acting director of
have their faces scanned as part of a se- the US-Visit Programme, said the new
curity check before takeoff. The checks technology would improve safety and,
are being brought in because both do- eventually, be a fast system. He said
mestic and international passengers will the same system would be introduced
share a common departure lounge and across Europe in the future. However,
there are fears that those arriving on in- the Home Office said this week that it
ternational flights may be able to bypass has no plans to insist on fingerprints for
immigration control by booking an on- incoming passengers.
ward domestic flight to a regional airport. “We take fingerprints across 80 dif-
International passengers departing ferent countries from people when they
through Terminal 5 will be subject to the apply for visas and have stopped 4,000
normal checks and controls but will not people from coming in,” said a spokes-
undergo face scans or have to provide woman.
a fingerprint. At Gatwick, which also Jeremy Skidmore
THE DAILY TELEGRAPH 28.7.2008, p. 8.
Airports plan to fingerprint passengers
By Simon Johnson
MILLIONS of passengers using British proposals would not apply to all termi-
airports face being fingerprinted from nals.
next year. The spokesman said the Govern-
All passengers using departure ment was determined to “strengthen
lounges for both domestic and inter- our borders using new technology” and
national travellers would face the extra it was already fingerprinting people ap-
security check. plying for visas to enter Britain.
The Home Office’s Border and Immi- Currently, passengers at airports
gration Agency confirmed yesterday that that have common terminals are photo-
it is considering forcing airport operators graphed as they pass through security.
to introduce the measure. It follows con- Their identities are rechecked at depar-
cerns that so-called “common departure ture gates.
lounges” could allow an incoming inter- The proposed amendments will re-
national passenger — possibly a terrorist quire fingerprints to be taken when pas-
or a criminal — to switch tickets with an sengers pass through security into the
accomplice booked on a domestic flight. airside terminal.
The international passenger would Police and the security services would
be able to fly elsewhere in Britain check fingerprints against “wanted” lists
and enter the country without being and Interpol databases, searching for
checked by immigration authorities. suspects using false identities. Passen-
Among the airports that have depar- gers would go to the common depar-
ture lounges accessible to domestic and ture lounge, then be fingerprint-scanned
international passengers are Heathrow’s again at their flight departure gate.
Terminal One and Five, Gatwick and But the Information Commissioner’s
Manchester. Office (ICO) has questioned why the
But the introduction of fingerprint- measures are necessary, arguing that
ing faces fierce opposition from the photographing passengers is effective
Information Commissioner, Britain’s pri- and less intrusive.
vacy watchdog. BAA has argued that scanners are
Last night, a spokesman for the UK needed so that passengers can shop in
Border Agency (UKBA) stressed that the its malls.
318 Unit 39
Exercise 20. Read and translate this excerpt from J.Archer’s The Eleventh Command-
ment (use a dictionary where necessary):
He glanced up at the baggage arrivals screen. The carou-

sel was beginning to spew out the luggage from his flight,
and some passengers were already stepping forward to pick
up their first bags.
His case appeared in front of him. He grabbed it from the
conveyor and passed through the green channel.
Now describe how you picked up your luggage upon arrival.

40
319 Chapter 1 Unit
Crossing the Strait

of Dover
(4) Marks and Sparks
Dialogue
A: I have a two-week holiday starting next weekend. The question is how to make good
use of it.
B: You have got a car, haven’t you?
A: Yes, a Honda.
B: Then for your well earned break, why not take your car across the Channel and dis-
cover a little bit of Europe?
A: What is the best way of getting across?
B: Since you are taking your car with you, that rules out the Chunnel. You will have to
go by ferry.
A: How long will that take?
B: If you want to get across fast, then don’t use a conventional ferry. Go either by Sea Cat
or by Hoverspeed.
A: Which is faster?
B: Hoverspeed. It’s a hovercraft and works by air pressure lifting it off the sea surface. It
will take you to France in just 35 minutes, cruising at up to 60 mph. The Sea Cat is a bit
slower. It is a giant catamaran which carries 80 cars and 450 passengers at speeds up to 40
mph. The crossing will take 55 minutes.
A: When do I check in?
B: On both services, you need only check in at least 30 minutes before departure.
A: And how long is the boarding procedure?
B: It normally takes only 10 minutes.
A: What goes on on board?
B: During your short crossing, the cabin staff will serve your refreshments and duty-free
goods at your seat the way it is during flights.
A: How long does disembarkation take?
B: Oh, that is swift and within a short while you’ll be on your way, arriving in France
fresh and relaxed.
Vocabulary notes
break — зд.: отдых; ср. выше: break — The (English) Channel — Ла-Манш
перерыв The Chunnel = Channel + tunnel —
cabin staff — обслуживающий персонал тоннель под Ла-Маншем
catamaran [kætmræn] — катамаран crossing — переправа
320 Unit 40
Vocabulary notes
to cruise — двигаться (чаще по воде) Hoverspeed — «Ховерспид»
с крейсерской скоростью; ср. выше: (название судна)
cruise — поездка по воде, плавание in a short while; syn. shortly, soon —
disembarkation — высадка; ant. embar- вскоре
kation, boarding — посадка mph = miles per hour — миль в час
duty-free — беспошлинный to be on one’s way — быть в пути;
to earn — зарабатывать ехать; идти
well earned — заслуженный refreshments — лёгкая закуска
ferry — пароˆм и напитки (безалкогольные)
to get across — переправляться relaxed — отдохнувший; ср. выше: to
giant — гигант; гигантский relax — расслабляться
to go on — зд.: происходить Sea Cat — «Си Кэт» (название судна)
hovercraft — судно на подводных strait — пролив
крыльях
es and sentences:
Который из них быстрее?; Сколько времени это займёт?; заслуженный отдых; Очень
скоро вы будете ехать по территории Франции, свежий и отдохнувший; Оно доста-
вит вас во Францию всего за 35 минут; Как лучше всего переправиться?; На вашем
месте; вам предложат лёгкую закуску, напитки и беспошлинные товары, как при
полётах; двухнедельный отпуск; Оно идет со скоростью до 100 км в час; Сколько
времени занимает посадка/высадка?; в конце следующей недели; Когда мне нужно
зарегистрироваться?; Вам придется поехать паромом; Вопрос — как его хорошо
использовать?; по крайней мере за 30 минут до отправления; Что происходит на
борту?; Давление воздуха поднимает его над поверхностью моря; Это исключает
туннель под Ла-Маншем; Почему бы не переправить вашу машину через Ла-Манш?
1) When do I check ... ? 2) What is the best way ... getting ... ? 3) What goes … … board?
4) You will have to go ... ferry. 5) That rules ... the Chunnel. 6) ... both services, you need
only check … … least 30 minutes ... departure. 7) Why not take your car ... the Channel?
8) It carries 80 cars and 450 passengers ... speeds … … 40 mph. 9) ... your short crossing,
the cabin staff will serve you refreshments ... your seat. 10) It works ... air pressure lifting
it ... the sea surface. 11) ... a short while you’ll be ... your way, arriving ... France fresh and
relaxed; 12) It will take you ... France ... just 35 minutes, cruising … … … 60 mph.
Exercise 3. Use take, takes and taking to make 6 sentences.
Example: that, long, will, how — How long will that take?
1. disembarkation, does, long, how?
2. The, will, minutes, 55, crossing
3. France, just, in, Hoverspeed, will, you, to, minutes, 35
4. procedure, only, minutes, the, normally, 10, boarding
5. you, you, car, with, your, are
6. not, the, your, Channel, why, across, car?
Crossing the Strait of Dover 321

1. Why couldn’t the motorist get across the Channel via the Chunnel?
2. Which ferry is faster?
3. How does a hovercraft work?
4. When are passengers to check in?
5. How long do embarkation, crossing and disembarkation take in all?
Exercise 5. Read the following advertisements about cheap travel across the Chan-
nel. Find there the answers to these questions:
1. Which is cheaper, to travel with or without a car?
2. How many passengers in a car can cross the Channel for £15 or £19?
3. What is the extra £4 charged for?
4. When is travel cheaper, in July or in August?
5. How much is the peak supplement1?
THE SUN 22.08.2005, p.40
LOOK AT OUR GREAT DEALS

£1 TRAVEL TO FRANCE FOR JUST £1 AS A FOOT PASSENGER
3 TRAVEL as a foot passenger from Dover to Calais, or from Portsmouth to
Le Havre, from just £1 Sunday to Thursday or £5 on Friday and Saturday.
3 Dover departures are after 6.30am and you must return before 9pm the
same day.
3 If you travel from Portsmouth, you can go at any time with a maximum of
24 hours in France.
£15 AFTERNOON AND THE EVENING IN CALAIS FOR £15
3 The great thing about this deal is the time — little more than an hour after
leaving Dover and you’re there!
3 Valid for Friday to Monday travel only. You must depart after noon and
return before 1am the following day.
3 It’s only £15, which includes a car and up to nine passengers.
£19 YOU CAN ENJOY A FULL DAY TRIP FOR UNDER £20
3 FOR under £20 you and your car, with up to NINE passengers in it, can
depart Dover any time and return before midnight the same day — for
just £19 return.
3 A peak supplement of £10 applies for travel in August.
£19 24-HOUR FARE PORTSMOUTH OR LE HAVRE
3 DEPART any time and return within 24 hours, with a car and up to NINE
passengers for only £19 return.
3 A peak supplement of £10 applies for travel in August.
1
peak supplement — дополнительная плата в высокий сезон
322 Unit 40
Exercise 6. Here are two clippings listing 10 things you are supposed not to
know about oceans and the sea. Read and translate them (use a dictionary where
necessary).
Five things you never knew about… oceans

WILLIAM HARTSTON
1. The Earth’s oceans contain about 324 every year. Most of this returns as
million cubic miles of water in which rain.
is dissolved about 47 million billion 4. The top 10ft of the ocean hold as
tons of salt, gases and other minerals. much heat as the entire atmosphere.
2. Seventy-one per cent of the Earth’s 5. Each year, three times as much rubbish
surface is covered by the oceans. is dumped into the world’s oceans as
3. More than 100,000 cubic miles of the weight of fish caught.
water evaporates from the oceans
Five things you never knew about… the sea

WILLIAM HARTSTON
1. Over 44,000 animal and plant species 4. If an iceberg hits a height of more than
are to be found in the seas around 75 metres above the sea, it is officially
Britain. classified as very large.
2. According to a survey by the Wildlife 5. When the 19th century French poet
Trusts, a day spent at the seaside is the Gerard de Nerval was asked why he
favourite leisure activity of the British. took his pet lobster for walks on a lead
3. With a longer coastline than any other in Paris, he said: “Because it knows the
country, Canada may claim to have secrets of the sea and does not bark.”
more seaside than anywhere else.

1. Which of these 10 things did you know?
2. Which country has the longest seaside?
3. Why did the owner claim that his lobster was better than a dog?
Crossing the Strait of Dover 323
Exercise 7. The topic of both clippings is the English Channel. What things mentioned
in the first one do not appear in the second and vice versa? Besides, where the two
clippings deal with the same item, there is a discrepancy1. What is it?
Five things you never knew about…

the English Channel
WILLIAM HARTSTON
1. There was no English Channel until 3. The spoil from digging the Channel
about 8,500 years ago, when the land Tunnel would have filled Wembley
joining Britain to France was flooded, Stadium 13 times.
forming the Channel and the North 4. The first person to swim the Channel
Sea. was ‘Captain’ Matthew Webb, who
2. The first cross-Channel flight of all coated himself in porpoise fat and
was made in 1785 by Jean Pierre swam across in 21hr 45min in 1875.
Blanchard and Dr John Jeffries in 5. A Channel tunnel was first suggested
a hot-air balloon. in 1802 during a brief peace between
England and France.
Five things you never knew about… the Channel

WILLIAM HARTSTON
1. The English Channel did not exist Pierre Blanchard and Dr John Jef-
10,000 years ago, when Britain was fries. The trip took two-and-a-half
still joined to France. hours.
2. It was formed when the ice covering 4. The first person to swim the Channel
Scotland and the north of England was ‘Captain’ Matthew Webb, who
during the Ice Age melted, allowing coated himself in porpoise fat for his
waters from the North Sea to flood in. 21hr 45min feat in 1875.
3. The first cross-Channel flight was 5. Alison Streeter has swum the Channel
made by balloon in 1785 by Jean 43 times.
1
discrepancy — расхождение
41
324324 Chapter
Chapter
3 1 Unit
Theatre
Dialogue
A: When you were in London, did you go to the theatre?
B: Yes, several times.
A: What theatres did you go to?
B: To the Royal Opera House to hear Donizetti’s “L’Elisir d’amore”, to the Comedy Thea-
tre where I saw “The Pope and the Witch” and to Albery Theatre to see Shakespeare’s “A
Midsummer Night’s Dream”. By the way, Albery Theatre is quite young: it was established
in the mid 1970s by a group of Shakespeareholics.
A: Where are those theatres in London?
B: Most London theatres are located within a small area known as Theatreland. It is
bounded by Trafalgar Square, Piccadilly Circus, Oxford Street and Kingsway.
A: What difference did you notice between London and Moscow theatres?
B: Well, first of all, in London theatres, the use of the cloakroom is not obligatory. Dur-
ing intervals, people leave their coats in their seats. Then there are so-called front-of-
the-theatre attendants selling icecream etc., in front of the stalls with their backs to the
stage. Another thing that differs from our theatres is that when attending a performance
ROYAL SHAKESPEARE THEATRE, STRATFORD-UPON-AVON

Theatre 325
at a London theatre, you can pick up a card which is a reservation for whatever future
performance you want to attend. On producing the card no later than 30 minutes before
the show, you can buy a ticket.
A: What would you describe as your most unforgettable experience at London theatres?
B: That was during “The Pope and the Witch” comedy show. Paper hats and paper flowers
on sticks were handed out to the audience. We were invited to take part in the show by
waving our sticks and tossing our hats at the appropriate times. To make it even funnier,
I tossed my raincoat a few times to the delight of my neighbours, who immediately fol-
lowed suit.
A: Was there anything you disliked about London theatres?
B: Well, perhaps it’s the high price of tickets. My ticket to the Royal Opera House, for
instance, cost £25.
A: Wouldn’t it be cheaper to sit up in the gods?
B: I think so. The cheapest performance I ever attended in Britain was at an Open Air
Theatre in Christchurch, Dorset. It was Shakespeare’s “The Merchant of Venice” staged by
Bournemouth Shakespeare Players. Tickets were £3 no matter where you sit.
A: Did you like it?
B: I did. They brought the house down. After the show, my friend Betsу took me back-
stage and said to the company, “This is a Russian gentleman from Moscow. He wants to
tell you how much he enjoyed your performance.”
A: So what did you say?
B: I said, “In Moscow, I have seen performances by the Royal Shakespeare Company, by
The Old Vic, by The Workshop Theatre. I applauded such celebrities as Paul Scofield and
Laurence Olivier. And tonight I applaud you. You did an excellent job.” Then, turning to
Shylock, I added, “But you stole the show.”
A: How did he take it?
B: He blushed and said modestly, “I didn’t.” At that moment, Portia came close and said,
“I have never been kissed by a Russian gentleman before.”
A: And you?
B: I did the natural thing — kissed her there and then.
Vocabulary notes
appropriate — подходящий; надлежащий experience — зд.: впечатление; случай
backstage — за кулисы to follow suit — следовать чьему-л.
to blush — краснеть примеру
to be bounded by smth — быть ограни- the gods; syn. gallery — галёрка; устар.
ченным раёк
to bring the house down — иметь боль- interval — зд.: антракт
шой успех merchant — купец; ср. выше:
celebrity — знаменитость merchandise — товар
company — зд.: труппа midsummer — середина лета
delight — восторг A Midsummer Night’s Dream —
to describe — зд.: охарактеризовать «Сон в летнюю ночь»
326 Unit 41
Vocabulary notes
no matter — безразлично, всё равно, Shakespeare Players — исполнители
независимо от пьес Шекспира
the Old Vic — театр в южной части Shakespeareholic — поклонник Шек-
Лондона, где часто ставят пьесы Шек- спира; ср. выше: workaholic, alcoholic,
спира shopaholic, chocaholic, computaholic etc.
open air theatre — театр на открытом stage — сцена
воздухе to s. — ставить (спектакль)
performance — зд.: представление (syn. the stalls — партер
show), исполнение to steal the show — затмить остальных
to attend а p. — присутствовать на исполнителей, взять спектакль на себя
представлении to toss — подбрасывать
the Pope — Папа Римский to turn to smb — повернуться
to produce — зд.: предъявлять к кому-л.
reservation — бронирование; ср. выше: unforgettable — незабываемый
to reserve a room — забронировать witch — ведьма
номер в гостинице workshop — мастерская
es and sentences:
театр на открытом воздухе; Как он к этому отнёсся?; пользование гардеробом необя-
зательно; Но вы взяли весь спектакль на себя; Зрителям раздали бумажные шляпы
и бумажные цветы на палках; Вы отлично поработали; В какие театры вы ходили?;
чтобы было ещё смешнее; Он хочет сказать вам, как ему понравилось ваше исполне-
ние; Я сделал то, что было вполне естественно, — тут же её поцеловал; Театр создан
в середине 70-х годов прошлого века группой поклонников Шекспира; Билеты стои-
ли 3 фунта независимо от места; Предъявив карточку не позднее чем за 30 минут до
начала спектакля, вы можете купить билет; Думаю, что да; «Венецианский купец»;
Что было для вас самым незабываемым?; А не дешевле было бы сидеть на галёрке?;
повела меня за кулисы; Нам предложили принять участие в представлении; в нуж-
ных местах размахивая палками и подбрасывая шляпы; самое недорогое представ-
ление, на котором мне довелось быть; Я несколько раз подбросил свой плащ; Было
что-нибудь в лондонских театрах, что бы вам не понравилось?; к восторгу моих со-
седей, которые немедленно последовали моему примеру.

1) ... the delight ... my neighbours; 2) Front-... -the-theatre attendants sell icecream etc.
... front ... the stalls ... their backs ... the stage. 3)... that moment; 4) Another thing that
differs ... our theatres; 5) ... Moscow, I have seen performances ... Royal Shakespeare
Company; 6) What theatres did you go ... ? 7) Was there anything you disliked ... Lon-
don theatres? 8) first ... all; 9) Paper flowers ... sticks were handed ... ... the audience.
10) a ticket ... the Royal Opera House; 11) ... the way; 12) you can pick ... a card;
Theatre 327
13) Wouldn’t it be cheaper to sit … … the gods? 14) It was established ... the mid 1970s
... a group ... Shakespeareholics. 15) a reservation ... a performance; 16) ... intervals, peo-
ple leave their coats ... their seats. 17) Most London theatres are located ... a small area
bounded ... Trafalgar Square etc. 18) We took part ... the show ... waving our sticks and
tossing our hats ... the appropriate times. 19) What difference did you notice ... London
and Moscow theatres? 20) ... producing the card no later than 30 minutes ... the show, you
can buy a ticket. 21) They brought the house … .

1. When and by whom was Albery Theatre established?
2. Where are most London theatres located?
3. Where do London and Moscow theatres differ?
4. What was the funny thing about “The Pope and the Witch” comedy show?
5. What about the price of tickets?
6. How were Bournemouth Shakespeare Players praised?
Exercise 4. Compare these clippings. Which two things mentioned in the first are
mentioned in the second?
Five things you never knew about… Macbeth

WILLIAM HARTSTON
1. The superstition that it is unlucky to ond most frequent. The word ‘black’
utter the name of the play Macbeth is mentioned seven times but ‘white’
in a theatre may stem from a belief and ‘red’ only once each and ‘brown’
that the witches’ curses in the play not at all.
are based on real curses. 4. The name ‘Macbeth’ is spoken 42
2. If you know only the 20 most com- times.
mon English words, you can read 31 5. The first definite reference to a per-
per cent of Macbeth. formance of Macbeth was exactly
3. ‘The’ is the word most frequently 400 years ago in 1611.
spoken in Macbeth and ‘and’ is sec-
328 Unit 41
Five things you never knew about… Macbeth

WILLIAM HARTSTON
1. Lady Macbeth’s first name was Gruoch. 4. The origin of the suprtstition is un-
2. Gruoch’s son Lulach (from a previous known. Some say the witches in Mac-
marriage) became king when Mac- beth have cursed the play.
beth was killed. 5. “The only still centre of my life is Mac-
3. There is a theatrical superstition that beth. To go back to doing this bloo-
it is bad luck to utter the name Mac- dy, crazed, insane mass-murderer
beth. In one version anyone saying is a huge relief after trying to
it has to exit the theatre, spit, swear get my cell phone replaced.” (Patrick
and spin around three times before Stewart)
being let back.
Exercise 5. Which of these 5 things did you know?
Five things you never knew about… opera

WILLIAM HARTSTON
1. Mozart composed his first opera, Bast- tenor Jan Verbeek swallowed his false
ien und Bastienne, at the age of 12. moustache.
2. The first woman to fly in a balloon 4. The term ‘soap opera’ comes from US
was opera singer Elisabeth Thib- radio shows in the Thirties sponsored
ble, who sang duets with a col- by soap companies.
league from a Mongolfier balloon in 5. The longest ever applause at an op-
1784. era house was for Placido Domingo in
3. Singing in Boito’s Mefistofele at the Verdi’s Otello in Vienna in 1991. Curtain
Casino Theatre, Vichy, in 1955, Belgian calls and encores lasted 1 hr 20 min.
Theatre 329
Exercise 6. Read and translate this advert. Find in it the answers to these ques-
tions: 1) Where and when was ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’ to be performed?,
2) What were the audience told to bring?, 3) How much were the tickets?, 4) Where
could they be purchased?
OPEN-AIR THEATRE
Open Theatre Company presents Shakespeare’s renowned romantic comedy

‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’ at Exbury Gardens on Saturday 27th August,
where this beautiful new production is brought alive with magnificent cos-
tumes, wonderful sets and a stunning new musical score, in beautiful sur-
roundings. The gardens are open for picnics from 6:30 pm and you will need
to take your own rugs or low-backed seating. Tickets are £12 for adults, £8 for
students & children, and £35 for families (2 adults & 2 children), with a 10%
discount available on all tickets purchased before 6th August, for parties of
10 people or more, and for Exbury Season Ticket Holders. You can purchase
tickets from Exbury’s Box Office by telephoning 023 0814 3730.
a) “What’s your name?” the teacher asked a new boy.
“Shakespeare,” the kid1 said.
“And your first name?”
“William.”
“My goodness!2 William Shakespeare,” said the teacher. “That’s a pretty well-known
name, isn’t it?”
“It should be,” said the kid. “I been3 living around here for ten years now.”
b) Husband (after the theatre): But, dear, what did you object to?
Wife: Why, the idea of your shouting ‘Author! Author!’ at a Shakespearean drama.
1
kid — ребёнок
2
My goodness! — Боже мой!
3
I been (vulg.) = I have been
330 Unit 41
c) A road company1 put on2 a play in a small town. The acting3 was bad. The audience
shouted and whistled4 at the actors’ attempts to entertain5 them. In the final act, the
leading man6 clasped the heroine in his arms7 and said:
“At last, my darling, we are alone.”
“No, you aren’t, son,” shouted a voice from the gallery. “But tomorrow night you will be.”
d) The owner of one of the big Broadway8 theaters was awakened9 by an insistently10 ring-
ing phone at four in the morning.
“Hey,” said a tired voice, “what time does your theater open?”
“The stage manager11 will open it at eleven,” said the owner, and hung up tiredly. He
rolled over12 and went back to sleep13 — but in ten minutes the phone rang again. This
time the theater-owner decided to ignore it. But the phone just kept on ringing, and
finally the guy picked it up14.
“Hello?” he said.
“Hello,” said the same voice. “Look, what time did you say the theater is going to open?”
“The stage manager will open it at eleven,” the owner said. “You can’t get in before
then.”
“Get in?” said the voice. “Who wants to get in? I want to get out!”
e) Fat Man (in a theatre to a little boy sitting behind him): Can’t you see, little fellow15?
Little Fellow: Not a thing16.
Fat Man: Then keep your eye on me17 and laugh when I do.
f) Young Bob does not like to spend money. But tonight he is taking his girl-friend to the
cinema. They are at the box-office18.
Bob: Two seats at five pounds, please.
Girl-friend: I don’t want to go in the five-pound seats. They’re too cheap.
Bob: All right. One seat at five pounds, please.
1
road company — бродячая труппа
2
to put on — ставить
3
acting — игра, исполнение
4
to whistle — свистеть, освистывать
5
to entertain — развлекать
6
leading man — главный герой
7
clasped the heroine in his arms — сжал героиню в своих объятиях
8
Broadway — Бродвей (улица в Нью-Йорке)
9
to awaken (syn. to wake up) — разбудить
10
insistently — настойчиво
11
stage manager — режиссёр
12
to roll over — поворачиваться на другой бок
13
to go back to sleep — снова засыпать
14
to pick up the phone — снимать трубку
15
little fellow — малыш
16
not a thing = nothing
17
keep your eye on me — следи за мной
18
box-office — касса (театра, кино, цирка)
Theatre 331
Exercise 8. Examine two theatre tickets and answer the following questions.
About the first ticket:
1. At what theatre was the performance given?
2. What was it?
3. By whom was the revival1 sponsored?
4. When was it?
5. Where is seat B60?
6. What is the price?
About the second ticket:

1. Where was the performance given?
2. What was it?
3. Who is the playwright2?
4. For how many days did the play run?
5. In what case may the performance be cancelled3?
6. What is inclement4 weather?
7. What is the price of the ticket?
8. Will the money be refunded if the performance
is cancelled?
1
revival — возобновление постановки
2
playwright — драматург
3
to cancel — отменять; аннулировать
4
inclement — плохой, неблагоприятный (о климате, погоде)
42
332 Chapter 10 Unit
At Westminster Abbey
Dialogue
A: You went to Westminster Abbey yesterday for the first time. In a nutshell, what are
your impressions?
B: Well, everything there is of great interest. As you know, it’s the site of coronations, royal
weddings and the burial place of British royalty, of some statesmen and other celebrities.
A: Do you remember any of the plaques?
B: I copied some of them. I like this one best: ‘Brought by faithful hands over land and sea
here rests David Livingstone, missionary, traveller, philanthropist, born March 19, 1813,
at Blantyre, Lancashire. Died May 1, 1873, at Chitebleds Village, Ulala. For 30 years his
life was spent in unwearied effort to evangelize the native races, to explore the undiscov-
ered secrets, to abolish the desolating slave trade in Central Africa.’
A: Hopefully, you didn’t overlook the grave of the Unknown Warrior?
B: Luckily, I didn’t, although people often do. Here is what the plaque there says: ‘Beneath
this stone rests the body of a British warrior unknown by name or rank brought from
France to lie among the most illustrious of the land
and buried here on Armistice Day 11 Nov: 1920.’ The
coffin is of English oak, the soil is French, the marble
is Belgian and the letters are made from smelted car-
tridges. The grave is surrounded with red silk pop-
pies as a symbol of blood and remembrance.
A: Any other plaques that you copied?
B: Sir Isaac Newton died in 1727 and is buried in
Westminster Abbey. Alexander Pope1 wrote in his
epitaph:
Nature and Nature’s laws lay hid2 at night
God said ‘Let Newton be!’ and all was light.
I was about to copy the plaque of Oliver Cromwell, but
decided against it when I heard our guide say, “Here is
Cromwell’s plaque. Ignore it. He’s not buried here.” In
fact, he was buried there for three years only.
A: What impressed you as being something out of
the ordinary?
B: The fact that besides a Coronation theatre (hold-
ing 8,000 people) and a Coronation throne (an
old chair dating back to 1301) there is a Corona-
tion stone. The funny thing is that it is supposed
1
Pope, Alexander (1688–1744) — a British poet and satirist
2
hid = hidden
At Westminster Abbey 333
to discriminate between deserving and undeserving people. We were told that if an un-
deserving person sits down on it, it will throw him off.
A: Did you like Poets’ Corner?
B: Oh yes. But I was disappointed to learn that only Chaucer, Dickens, Kipling, Hardy,
Lewis Carroll and David Herbert Lawrence are actually buried there. The rest are buried
elsewhere.
A: But what impressed you most in the Abbey?
B: Ben Jonson’s grave. Benjamin Jonson, you will remember, was Shakespeare’s friend,
a famous playwright, poet and writer. Here’s our guide’s commentary which I taped: “Ben
Jonson could not afford to buy his plot of ground. So the Dean said, ‘I will give you
a small piece of ground. I can’t give you much, but as you are a worshipper in this Abbey,
I will give you a small piece of ground — sixteen square inches.’ Ben said, ‘Thank you very
much. I will accept that with open arms.’ And do you know, just before he died, he said,
‘Now, make sure I’m buried in my spot which the Dean has given me.’ And here he is. He
was not cremated, so that meant he had to be buried standing up.”
Vocabulary notes
abbey — аббатство illustrious; syn. famous — знаменитый
to abolish — отказываться от, отменять inch — дюйм
armistice — перемирие marble — мрамор
beneath — под missionary — миссионер
to bury — хоронить native — туземный
burial — захоронение nutshell — скорлупа ореха (nut —
cartridge — патрон, патронная гильза орех, shell — скорлупа, оболочка)
coffin — гроб in a n. — вкратце
coronation — коронация oak — дуб
to cremate — кремировать ordinary: syn. usual — обычный
date — дата out of the o.; syn. unusual — необыч-
to d. back to — относиться/восхо- ный
дить к какому-л. времени philanthropist — филантроп
dean — зд.: настоятель plaque [plk] — мемориальная до-
to decide against smth — решать не ска/табличка
делать чего-л. playwright — драматург
deserving — достойный; ant. plot of ground — участок земли
undeserving — недостойный poppy — мак
desolating — прискорбный, достой- rank — звание (воинское)
ный сожаления remembrance — память (о ком-л./
to disappoint — разочаровывать чём-л.)
to discriminate — различать royalty — члены королевской семьи;
elsewhere — в другом месте, в других ср. выше: royal — королевский
местах silk — шёлк
to evangelise — обращать в христиан- slave — раб
ство to smelt — плавить
to explore — исследовать soil — почва, земля
faithful — верный, преданный square — квадрат; квадратный
334 Unit 42
Vocabulary notes
standing up — стоя undiscovered — неоткрытый
statesman — государственный деятель unwearied — неустанный
to tape — записывать на магнитофон- warrior — воин, солдат
ную ленту with open arms — очень охотно, с рас-
theatre — зд.: зал простёртыми объятиями
throne — трон worshipper — прихожанин
to throw smb off — сбрасывать кого-л.
tences, phrases and words:
Вы, конечно, помните; Я был разочарован, узнав... ; впервые; Он не мог себе позво-
лить купить для себя участок земли; вкратце; Я охотно его принимаю; имя и зва-
ние его неизвестны; работорговля; его пришлось похоронить стоя; Какие у вас
впечатления?; поскольку вы прихожанин нашего аббатства; там всё очень инте-
ресно; Что показалось вам необычным?; в неустанных усилиях; но решил этого не
делать, когда услышал слова нашего гида; Вы не пропустили могилу Неизвестного
Солдата?; Я собирался списать мемориальную табличку; Нам сказали.
1) buried ... Armistice Day; 2) ... the first time; 3) ... a nutshell; 4) He had to be buried
standing ... ; 5) brought ... land and sea; 6) The grave is surrounded ... red silk poppies.
7) Everything there is ... great interest. 8) I was ... to copy the plaque of Oliver Cromwell,
but decided ... it. 9) His life was spent ... unwearied effort to evangelise the native races.
10) What impressed you as being something … … the ordinary? 11) ... a Coronation
theatre and a Coronation throne there is a Coronation stone. 12) ... this stone rests the
body of a British warrior unknown ... name or rank brought ... France to lie ... the most
illustrious ... the land. 13) Make sure I’m buried ... my spot. 14) He was buried there ...
three years only. 15) The coffin is ... English oak. 16) If an undeserving person sits … …
it, it will throw him ... . 17) an old chair dating … … 1301.
usual, fortunately, to rest, unusual, famous, to be going to do smth
Exercise 4. What antonyms of these words do you know?
known, discovered, ordinary, usual, deserving
Exercise 5. Supply and translate derivatives of these words:
royal, arm, to bury, to rest, copy, to impress, to remember
1. What is Westminster Abbey famous for1?
2. What is David Livingstone famous for?
1
famous for smth — знаменит чем-л.
At Westminster Abbey 335
3. What does the plaque of the Unknown Warrior say?

4. What is the Coronation stone supposed to do?
5. Who are buried in Poets’ Corner?
6. What is unusual about Ben Jonson’s grave?
THE MAIL ON SUNDAY 6.7.2008, р. 38
Livingstone was here, I presume
By Tom Chesshyre
AFTER starting his working life in a cot- came a bestseller, he vividly described
ton mill in Lanarkshire, David Living- his journeys.
stone decided, in his mid-20s, that he By the time the journalist Henry
needed a radical career change. Stanley uttered the immortal greeting
After a period spent studying medi- ‘Dr Livingstone, I presume’ when they
cine and theology, in 1841, at the age met near Lake Tanganyika in 1871,
of 28, he headed off to Cape Town to Livingstone was a household name in
work as a medical missionary on behalf Britain.
of the London Missionary Society. He died in 1873 during an attempt
His job required him to explore the to find the source of the Nile.
African interior in order to reach new You can retrace his movements
peoples and convert them to Christi- through Zambia, Botswana and Namib-
anity — and he became known for his ia beginning, appropriately enough,
daring excursions. In 1855, he made in the town of Livingstone in Zambia,
perhaps his most famous discovery of close to Victoria Falls.
all: the waterfalls on the Zambezi river The town was named after David
between what are now Zambia and Livingstone and contains a museum
Zimbabwe. He was the first European dedicated to him — it details his life
to see them. and includes artefacts dating from his
The falls already had a local name — time.
Mosi-oa-Tunya, meaning ‘the smoke Visitors can take boat trips on the
that thunders’ — but Livingstone re- Zambezi to see the falls and are also
named them Victoria Falls after Queen given the chance to swim in the river
Victoria. at a remarkable rock pool right by the
Livingstone’s chronicles of his ad- edge of the falls.
ventures in Africa proved hugely popu- Livingstone may have been the
lar. In his book Missionary Travels And first European to see these parts — but
Researches In South Africa, which be- quite a few make it now.
336 Unit 42

1. Whose words are ‘Mr. Livingstone, I presume?’
2. How did Livingstone become a missionary, traveller and explorer?
3. How did the name Victoria Falls originate?
4. What book of Livingstone’s became a bestseller?
5. What did he attempt to do shortly before his death?
6. Where is the town named in his honour?
7. What tourist attractions are advertised?
Exercise 8. Which of these 5 things about coronations did you know?
DAILY EXPRESS 22.6.2011, p.26.
Five things you never knew about… coronations

WILLIAM HARTSTON
1. Edward V (abducted) and Edward VIII 3. The dish known as coronation chick-
(abdicated) were the only English en was first made for the coronation
monarchs who never had corona- of Elizabeth II in 1953.
tions. 4. There have been 38 coronations at
2. The coronation of Edward VII in 1901 Westminster Abbey since William the
had to be postponed to allow an Conqueror in 1066
emergency appendectomy opera- 5. The St Edward’s crown used at UK
tion to be performed on the King. coronations was made in 1661 and is
41b 12oz of solid gold.
43
337 Chapter 1 Unit
Nursery education
Dialogue
Gregory: Mike, you are an educationalist. Please tell me about education in Britain.
Mike: OK. I’ll tell you about education in England and Wales, because Scotland’s educa-
tion is somewhat different. Where do you want me to start?
G.: Let’s begin at the beginning. Where does education start?
M.: The forerunner to primary education is nursery (or pre-school) education.
G.: Are there many nursery schools in Great Britain?
М.: 1–4 are preschool years. They are badly provided for. The staff are semi-professional
or unprofessional. But nurseries should have at least one qualified professional and an
adult-pupil ratio of 1–13. Nursery classes may be attached to schools.
G.: Are nursery schools private or statutory?
М.: Most are private, non-statutory. In some parts of the UK, preschool or nursery edu-
cation is provided by the local government. Parents pay for nursery education. It is vol-
untary, not compulsory. Day nurseries, nursery schools, playgroups and kindergartens
are becoming more common in Britain. Government is to provide enough places for all
who wish one. But still there is not enough provision of nursery schools. So the child’s
name has often to be put on a waiting list. Some nursery schools are attached to places of
work with a high percentage of women, as, for example, at a university.
G.: I know ‘nursery schools’ and ‘kindergartens’ are more or less the same. But which
term is preferable?
М.: ‘Nursery schools’. Because it is English while ‘kindergarten’ is a German word.
G.: What are the ages of children taken by nursery schools?
М.: Nursery schools take boys and girls from the age of 3 to 4. Foundation units within
schools may incorporate nursery and reception children aged 3–5 years.
G.: What facilities are provided in nursery schools?
М.: There are facilities for play, stories, music, dances. The older children may be taught
to read and write. Games are widely used in teaching, especially those developing math-
ematical concepts. And, of course, children play with bricks and in the sand.
G.: How are nursery schools attended?
М.: Most nursery schools are attended part-time, that is either in the morning or in the
afternoon. But some are full-time.
G.: But what if no nursery school facilities are available locally?
М.: Then people have to turn to private babysitters and pay quite a few pounds for about
3 hours a day babysitting.
Women are often discouraged to work, have to sit with their babies, get out of touch with
working and are nervous to re-enter their old jobs.
338 Unit 43
Vocabulary notes
to attend — посещать professional — профессиональный,
babysitter; syn. childminder — приходя- квалифицированный
щая няня semi-professional — недостаточно
babysitting — сидение с ребёнком квалифицированный
brick — кирпич, зд.: кубик unprofessional — неквалифициро-
concept — понятие ванный
day nursery; syn. créche [kre
] — ясли provision — обеспечение; ср. выше: to
(и детский сад) provide — обеспечивать
to discourage — не поощрять qualified — квалифицированный
education — образование quite a few — немало
nursery e., preschool e. — дошколь- ratio — (со)отношение
ное образование reception — нулевой / приготовитель-
primary e. — начальное образование ный класс
educationalist; syn. educator — педагог, to re-enter — возвращаться, syn. to
специалист по вопросам образования return to
forerunner — предшественник sand — песок
foundation unit — нулевая ступень in the s. — зд.: в песочнице
full-time — целый день statutory — установленный законом,
to get out of touch with smth/smb — обязательный
отрываться от чего-л./кого-л. non-s. — негосударственный, не-
to incorporate — включать, syn. to include обязательный
kindergarten; syn. nursery (school) — to turn to smb/smth — зд.: прибегать
детский сад к помощи кого-л./чего-л.
locally — на местах unprofessional — неквалифицирован-
more or less — более или менее ный
nursery class — детсадовская группа voluntary — добровольный; ср.: рус.
part-time — зд.: неполный рабочий волонтёр
день waiting list — список очередников; ср.
percentage — процент выше: price list — прейскурант
playgroup — детская группа
tences:
Детских садов не хватает; Какие условия создаются в детских садах?; С чего вы хоти-
те, чтобы я начал?; Людям приходится обращаться к приходящим няням и платить
немалые деньги за сидение с ребенком около трёх часов в день; Они плохо обеспе-
чены; Как посещаются детские сады?; Некоторые детские сады закреплены за ор-
ганизациями с высоким процентом женщин; Ребенка часто приходится ставить на
очередь; А если на местах нет детских садов?; Труд женщин не поощряется, им при-
ходится сидеть со своими маленькими детьми, отрываться от работы, а потом они
нервничают, когда есть возможность вернуться на прежнюю работу; Сотрудники
недостаточно квалифицированны или неквалифицированны; Начальному образо-
ванию предшествует дошкольное образование; Дошкольное образование обеспечи-
вается местными властями; Число детских садов, ясель и групп растёт.
Nursery education 339

1) Some nursery schools are attached ... places ... work ... a high percentage ... women, as
... example, ... a university. 2) The forerunner ... primary education is nursery education.
3) Children play ... bricks and ... the sand. 4) Let’s begin ... the beginning. 5) Women get
… … touch ... working. 6) The child’s name has often to be put ... a waiting list. 7) People
pay quite a few pounds … … 3 hours a day babysitting. 8) Nursery schools take children
... the age ... 3 ... 4. 9) There is not enough provision ... nursery schools. 10) People have to
turn ... private babysitters. 11) Pre-school years are badly provided ... .
Exercise 3. Read, translate this article (use a dictionary where necessary) and answer
these questions:
1. Which is better for children, going to nursery school or staying at home?
2. Why?
3. What proves that?
DAILY MAIL 22.8.2005, p. 5
Are nursery schools better at babysitting than grandparents?
By Fiona MacRae
Babies and toddlers left in the care of Professor Bernal believes the results
grandparents and other family mem- would be similar for two-parent families.
bers go on to perform worse academi- She said: ‘We are not advocating that
cally, it is claimed. women stay at home, rather we must
One of the reasons, suggest re- provide women with appropriate types
searchers, is that organised childcare of- of daycare, subsidised daycare or create
fers more discipline. incentives for firms to have onsite day-
‘Grandparents will take very good care centres.’
care of the kids but often discipline is Last year an Oxford University study,
not prominent,’ said Professor Raquel which followed 1,201 toddlers from
Bernal, who led the U.S. study. birth, showed that leaving children un-
Professor Bernal, of Northwestern der two in nurseries can cause them
University, Illinois, looked at the childcare long-term damage.
arrangements of more than 1,500 single They were found to have fewer social
mothers of children aged three to six. skills and were less co-operative than
In reading, vocabulary and arithme- those looked after by a parent or child-
tic tests, the children who were babysat minder.
did worse than those who went to more The children also demonstrated
organised daycare. lower levels of concentration and less
Those sent to formal daycare did not initiative than youngsters receiving one-
do any worse than children who rarely to-one care.
left their mother’s side.
340 Unit 43
Exercise 4. Answer these questions. Find the answers in the dialogue (p. 335).
1. What is the forerunner to primary education?
2. Are pre-school years well provided for?
3. Is there enough provision of nursery schools?
4. Who attends nursery schools?
5. Are they private or state?
6. What places of work are some nursery schools attached to?
7. What facilities are there in nursery schools?
8. Are nursery schools part-time or full-time?
9. What if there are no nursery schools locally?
Kindergarten teacher: Johnnie, what do zebras have that no other animals have?
Johnnie: Little zebras.
44
341 Chapter 1 Unit
Primary education
(3) Low prices
Dialogue
Gregory: Mike, you are a headmaster, why not a headteacher or a principal?
Mike: A headmaster is a male headteacher A headmistress is a female headteacher. As for
‘principal’, it’s the title given to the chief executive of a college of the further education.
It is used at some universities instead of the title vice-chacellor. In a small minority of
English secondary schools ‘principal’ is a title given to the headteacher, although this use
is the norm in American schools.
G.: All right. Be that as it may, as a headmaster you could tell me a lot about school education.
M.: Compulsory schooling starts at 5 and lasts 11 years. Both the primary and the sec-
ondary phases are statutory education enforceable by law.
G.: Does compulsory education mean that all children must go to school?
М.: Under the existing legislation every child must receive efficient full-time education from
the age of 5. Which doesn’t mean, however, that all children must go to school. Sometimes
children are taught at home. This is known as ‘home education.’ Some parents exercise their
statutory right to give their child of compulsory school age (5–16) full-time education with-
in the home. In the United Kingdom, it is education that is compulsory and not attendance
at school. Primary education is up to the age of eleven (or twelve in a few areas). Primary
schools often have a first class for children of five and younger, called ‘reception class.’
G.: How is the primary stage subdivided?
М.: Into two sections: the Infant School for children aged from five to seven and the Ju-
nior School for those between seven and eleven.
G.: So there is a wide age range between Infants and Juniors.
М.: Yes, this problem is dealt with in two ways. There are either separate Infant and
Junior schools or Infant and Junior Departments in a full Primary School. In the lat-
ter case, because of the wide age range between Infants and Juniors separate entrances,
cloakrooms and playgrounds are provided for them. Otherwise hostilities would ensue.
G.: Are primary schools co-educational?
М.: Primary schools are usually, but not always, co-educational, that is, boys and girls are
taught in mixed classes.
G.: What are the main subjects taught at primary schools?
М.: In Infant schools, children are taught the three R’s: reading, writing, arithmetic, that
is doing sums. In Junior schools, they have set periods of arithmetic, reading, composi-
tion, history, geography, nature study and other subjects. The subjects taught at British
schools are listed in The National Curriculum, i.e. the government curriculum for state
schools, from 6 to 14. It comprises English, mathematics, science, information and com-
munication technology (I.C.T.), history, geography, design technology, art, physical edu-
cation, music, citizenship and a modern foreign language.
G.: What is information and communication technology?
342 Unit 44
М.: Information and communication technology is the science and practice of collecting,
storing, using, and sending out information by means of computer systems and telecom-
munications.
G.: Is Russian taught as a foreign language?
М.: So far, in the private sector only. Primary schools often use target grouping for lit-
eracy and/or numeracy, which is, in effect, grouping in ability for the purpose of teaching
in these curriculum areas.
G.: Are there obligatory and facultative subjects?
M.: Oh, yes. Only we call the former ‘core subjects’ and the latter ‘optional subjects’. For
instance, English, mathematics, and science are core subjects.
G.: What is the difference between ‘curriculum’ and ‘syllabus’?
M.: A single curriculum may encompass several syllabuses, just as the national curricu-
lum encompasses the syllabus or programme of study for each subject area.
G.: Is there anything new about the setting and the teaching methods at primary schools?
М.: There is.
G.: Such as what?
М.: Learning is getting more active, more ‘concrete’.
М.: The setting is getting more informal, colourful. More attention is given to painting,
music. Children are no longer sitting primly during the lesson. There’s a lot of movement
and noise. Children are sitting on the floor, walking, talking. Instead of sitting at their
individual desks children are allowed to sit round the table. And the natural thing to do
when you are sitting round the table is to chat. So it is difficult to discipline the children.
Responsibility is put on a child too young.
G.: But the classrooms? Do they remain the same?
М.: No, new flexible classrooms are introduced. New schools are built on an open-plan
system.
G.: What do you mean by that?
М.: An open-plan system is a new architectural term. It envisages more flexible class-
rooms than traditional ones. Instead of solid walls, screens, curtains, sliding walls and
movable bookcases are introduced. That enables changing the interior as and when nec-
essary. So most new schools nowadays are purpose-built.
G.: How does that affect teacher-child relations?
М.: You know, traditionally learning used to be teacher-centred and subject-centered. That
is the child was regarded as a mere empty vessel to be filled up with knowledge. Now the
child is regarded as the source of activity who is to research for himself, to develop his
own abilities. To do so, the child is supposed to make use of the teacher and of the subject.
Education is getting more “child-centred”, which attempts to follow the pupils’ inner nature.
G.: Well, you said the child is to do research. Isn’t that going a bit too far?
М.: Certainly by research I mean a very primitive kind of research. For example, project
work. It may be a project on a literary work, on a writer, even on chocolate, that is on any
subject under the sun. A project may be adapting a novel to a play and acting it them-
selves. The main thing is that the child does research and that the impulse, the initiative
is coming from the child. The fashion nowadays is topic-based work. They take up one
Primary education 343
topic for half a term (for example, water) and study it from different angles (for example,
geography — lakes etc.)
G.: How about mathematics?
М.: For some children it used to be a boring, banal, mundane, down-to-earth subject.
But now it is to be taught in a different way. The teacher merely directs, asks questions,
while the child finds out things for himself. The purpose of “New Maths” is to give chil-
dren mathematical concepts.
G.: You mentioned terms. How many terms and holidays are there at British schools and
what is their daily routine?
М.: Classes at all schools start at 9 in the morning and finish at 3:30 or 4. There are three
terms (autumn, spring and summer terms) in a school year. The autumn term lasts from
September to December, the spring term — from January to March, the summer term —
from April until the middle of July. Each term is 13 weeks long. There are three holidays
(Christmas — two weeks, Eastertime — two weeks, Summer — six weeks).
G.: This is the second time you have mentioned a school year. But I heard some people
speak about an academic year and a teaching year. Are the three terms synonymous?
М.: They are not. ‘School year’ seems to come from America, is more informal and chief-
ly applies to schools. ‘Academic year’ is mostly used when speaking of universities, while
‘teaching year’ is part of a school or an academic year when the actual teaching is done.
It does not include revision for exams and doing the actual exams. ‘Term’ is sometimes
synonymous with ‘school year’, as in ‘Before the start of term’ or ‘That was during term’.
G.: At our schools we have a four-term school year and at higher education institutions
a two-semester academic year. How about your universities and colleges?
M.: Some of them follow the three-term model. Others use the two-semester pattern
imported from the North American education system.
But to get back to schools. From September 2005 some schools provide “wrap-around
care”, with children looked after from 8 in the morning to 6 at night, creating ‘Breakfast
Clubs’ and ‘After-School Clubs’ before and after the formal statutory education, every
weekday for parents who want the extra care for their child.
Ultimately, there will be some schools open for children from 8 to 6, throughout the year,
even through formal school holidays, offering day child-care.
G.: We have similar after-school care in Russia. Now one more question: how is the pro-
gress made tested?
М.: There are Government Progress Checking Tests (the Progress Tests or Standard As-
sessment Tests and National Curriculum Tests) which must be taken by all children in
state education. These are at 7, 11 and 14 and are used to judge public progress and what
standards schools are achieving. They are only taken in English, maths and science at the
end of each key stage of the National Curriculum:
Key Stage 1 Key Stage 2 Key Stage 3
Infant stage Junior stage Lower Secondary stage
Test at 7 Test at 11 Test at 14
Children do not have to pass a test, however, in order to be able to move up into the next
class at the end of the school year.
Besides, state schools are currently inspected about once every 4 years by a team of gov-
ernment accredited inspectors from the Office for Standards in Education, Children’s
Services and Skills (OFSTED). From September 2005, the inspection was reduced from
344 Unit 44
a week to about 2 days, and schools got just 2 days’ notice instead of 10 weeks. Results of
school inspections are published in a report that is public and available.
G.: I hear some schools are now becoming ‘academies.’ What is that?
M.: Academies are state schools not controlled by local authorities.
G.: And one last question today. I know you may not like it, but all the same, I can’t help
asking it.
M.: OK, shoot.
G.: How about corporal punishment? Is it still used in English schools?
M.: No, it was abolished in 1986. Teachers may still use reasonable force to restrain a pu-
pil in order to prevent injury or damage to others or property but may not use force as
a form of punishment.
Vocabulary notes
ability — способность college of further education — колледж
to abolish — отменять последующего образования (после
to act — зд.: играть в постановке окончания школы и до приема в вуз)
to adapt — адаптировать, переделывать colourful — яркий, красочный
to affect smth/smb — влиять на что- to comprise — включать, охватывать
либо/кого-либо, отражаться на чём- computer system — компьютерная
либо/ком-либо система
angle — зд.: сторона corporal punishment — телесные на-
attendance at school — посещаемость казания
школьных уроков currently — в настоящее время
banal [bnl] — банальный curriculum — учебная программа
Be that as it may — Как бы то ни было с. area — раздел программы
boring — скучный national с. — государственная учеб-
care — забота ная программа для школ
day child с. — присмотр за ребёнком damage — вред, повреждение, ущерб
в течение дня to deal with a problem — решать про-
extra с. — дополнительная забота блему; ср. выше: to d. with smb/smth —
wrap-around с. — система групп иметь дело с кем-л./с чем-л.
продлённого дня Department — зд.: отделение
to centre — ставить в центр Infant D. — отделение начальной
to chat — болтать школы для детей 5—7 лет
chief executive — директор, заведующий Junior D. — отделение начальной
citizenship — граждановедение школы для детей 7—11 лет
club — клуб, зд.: группа to discipline smb — следить за чьей-
after-school с. — группа продлённо- либо дисциплиной
го дня down-to-earth — чисто практический
breakfast с. — группа детей, завтра- early February — начало февраля
кающих в школе до начала занятий Eastertime — пасха
co-educational — с совместным об- education
учением full-time е. — полноценное образо-
collecting — зд.: сбор (информации) вание
Vocabulary notes
physical е. (РЕ) — физвоспитание, nature study — природоведение
физкультура notice — заблаговременное преду-
primary е. — начальное образование преждение
state е. — государственная система numeracy — успеваемость по арифме-
образования тике
efficient — эффективный, полноцен- OFSTED = Office for Standards in
ный. Education, Childen’s Services, and
to encompass — охватывать Skills — Государственная инспекция
enforceable — обязательный качества образования, заботы о детях
to ensue — последовать и развития у них трудовых навыков
to envisage — предусматривать pattern — модель
to exercise a right — пользоваться period, syn. lesson — зд.: урок
своим правом playground — площадка для игр
flexible — гибкий primly — чопорно
government accredited inspector — го- progress — зд.: успеваемость
сударственный инспектор to make p. — успевать, делать успехи
headmaster BE — директор школы public р. — прохождение государ-
(мужчина), syn. headteacher, AE principal ственной программы образования
headmistress BE — директор школы property — имущество, собственность
(женщина), syn. headteacher, AE principal purpose-built — построенный по
I can’t help asking it — не могу не функциональному принципу
спросить range — зд.: разница
impulse; syn. initiative — импульс, research — научно-исследовательская
инициатива работа, исследования
infant — учащийся начальной школы to r.; syn. to do r. — вести научно-ис-
в возрасте от 5 до 7 лет следовательскую работу
informal — неофициальный, непри- to restrain — сдерживать
нуждённый, разговорный routine — режим, распорядок
interior — интерьер daily r. — распорядок дня
to judge smth — судить о чем-либо school
junior — учащийся начальной школы infant s. — начальная школа для
в возрасте от 7 до 11 лет детей 5—7 лет
literacy — грамотность junior s. — начальная школа для
to list — перечислять детей 7—11 лет
to look after smb/smth — присматри- primary s. — начальная школа
вать за кем-либо/чем-либо, заботиться s. leaving age — возраст окончания
о ком-либо/чем-либо школы
to make use of smth; syn. to use — ис- schooling — обучение в школе
пользовать что-либо compulsory s. — обязательное обу-
merely [mli] — просто, (всего) лишь чение в школе
minority [manrti] — меньшинство primary s. — обучение в начальной
mundane [mnden] — неинтересный школе
346 Unit 44
Vocabulary notes
secondary s. — обучение в средней design t. — техника дизайна
школе information and communication t. —
science — зд.: естественные науки информатика
screen — экран, ширма telecommunication — телекоммуни-
to send out — передавать (информа- кация
цию) term — зд.: семестр; ср. выше: t. — срок
set — зд.: по расписанию test — тест, контрольная работа
setting — обстановка Government Progress Checking T. —
shoot infml AE — давайте, спрашивай- государственная проверка текущей
те успеваемости
sliding wall — раздвижная стена; ср. Progress Т. — проверка текущей
выше: sliding door — задвижная дверь успеваемости
solid — сплошной, зд.: капитальный Standard Assessment Т. (SAT),
stage — этап, стадия National Curriculum T. (NCT) —
infant s. — этап окончания первой проверка достижения программных
ступени начальной школы (в 7 лет) нормативов
junior s. — этап окончания второй to take a t. — проходить проверку/
ступени начальной школы (в 11 лет) тестирование
key s. — ключевой этап to t. — тестировать, проверять
lower secondary s. — этап окончания title — звание
неполной средней школы (в 14 лет) ultimately — в конечном счёте/итоге
standard — зд.: уровень to use reasonable force — применять
to achieve a s. — достигать уровня силу в разумных пределах
storing — хранение vessel — зд.: сосуд: ср. выше: vessel —
subject — предмет судно
core s. — обязательный предмет vice-chancellor — проректор
(syn. obligatory / mandatory s.) weekday — будний день, рабочий
optional s. — факультативный пред- день
мет (syn. facultative s., AE elective s.) work — работа, произведение
s. area — область знаний, охватывае- literary w. — литературное произ-
мых данным предметом ведение
sum — пример (арифметический) project w. — метод проектов
to do a s. — решать пример topic-based w. — тематический под-
syllabus — программы по какому-л. ход
предмету (ср. выше: curriculum) уеаr
synonymous — синонимичный academic у., syn. school y. — учебный
target grouping — деление на целевые год
потоки teaching у. — год аудиторных за-
team — зд.: группа нятий (минус повторение материала
technology — техника перед экзаменами и сами экзамены)
es and sentences:
Но вернёмся к школам; Но теперь она должна будет изучаться по-другому; Большин-
ство современных школ построены по функциональному принципу; Учитель лишь на-
правляет, задаёт вопросы, а ребёнок сам приходит к знаниям; Не заходит ли это слиш-
ком далеко?; Сейчас моден тематический подход; Ребёнок слишком мал, чтобы на него
возлагать ответственность; Этому учат уже много веков; Главное — чтобы инициатива
исходила от ребёнка; Обучение в начальной школе совместное?; изучают тему с разных
сторон; согласно действующему законодательству; Предполагается, что для этой цели
ребёнок должен использовать учителя и предмет; после чего следует пять лет обучения
в средней школе; проект на любую мыслимую тему; Как это отражается на отношениях
между учителем и детьми?; переделка романа в пьесу и постановка её своими силами;
Начальное образование продолжается до 11-летнего возраста; Теперь ребёнок счита-
ется действующим субъектом, который должен сам вести исследовательскую работу
и развивать свои способности; Есть кое-что новое в обстановке и методах обучения;
Традиционно в центре учебного процесса были учитель и предмет; Конечно, говоря об
исследованиях, я имею в виду самые примитивные; Так что между учениками первой
и второй ступеней начальной школы большая разница в возрасте; Центром учебно-
го процесса всё больше становится ребёнок; Это позволяет менять интерьер по мере
необходимости; иначе неизбежны конфликты; Это попытка учитывать внутренние
потребности учеников; Новые школы строятся со свободной планировкой; Ребёнок
считался просто пустым сосудом, который нужно было наполнить знаниями; И впол-
не естественно, когда вы сидите за общим столом, вам хочется болтать; Эта проблема
решается двояко; в последнем случае; пока только в частном секторе; для родителей,
которые считают, что их ребёнок нуждается в дополнительном присмотре; круглый
год, даже во время официальных школьных каникул; Как проверяется текущая успе-
ваемость?; в настоящее время государственные школы инспектируются примерно раз
в 4 года; отчёт открытый и общедоступный.
1) Classes ... all schools start ... 9 ... the morning. 2) More attention is given ... painting,
music. 3) ... the existing legislation. 4) Responsibility is put ... a child too young. 5) The
autumn term lasts ... September ... December. 6) Compulsory schooling starts ... 5. 7) New
schools are built ... an open-plan system. 8) The child finds ... things ... himself. 9) What
do you mean ... that? 10) Now the child is to research ... himself. 11) They take ... one
topic ... half a term and study it ... different angles. 12) Primary education is … … the age
... eleven. 13) How ... mathematics? 14) There is a wide age range ... Infants and Juniors.
15) Mathematics is to be taught ... a different way. 16) The child is supposed to make use ...
the teacher and ... the subject. 17) Every child must receive efficient full-time education ...
the age ... 5. 18) That may be a project ... any subject ... the sun. 19) Separate playgrounds
are provided ... Infants and Juniors. 20) adapting a novel ... a play. 21) The primary stage
is subdivided ... the Infant School ... children aged ... five ... seven and the Junior School
... those ... seven and eleven. 22) The child was regarded as a mere empty vessel to be
filled … … knowledge. 23) There is something new ... the setting and the teaching meth-
ods. 24) Instead ... sitting ... their individual desks children are allowed to sit ... the table.
25) That is what they have been teaching ... British primary schools ... centuries. 26) This
348 Unit 44
problem is dealt … … two ways. 27) ... September 2005, some schools provide “wrap-...
care”, ... children looked … … 8 ... the morning ... 6 ... night. 28) ..., there will be some
schools open ... children ... 8 ... 6, ... the year, even ... formal school holidays, offering day
childcare. 29) Government Progress Checking Tests are only taken ... English, maths and
science ... the end ... each key stage ... the National Curriculum. 30) … September, 2005 the
inspection was reduced ... a week … … 2 days. 31) But to get … … schools.

1. When does compulsory schooling start and how long does it last?
2. How is primary school subdivided?
3. What subjects are taught in Infant and in Junior schools?
4. What is new about the setting?
5. What is new about the teaching methods?
6. What is the daily routine at British schools?
7. How many terms are there?
8. What are they?
9. When do they start and finish?
10. What holidays are there?
11. What is meant by “wrap-around care”?
12. How is the progress made tested?
13. How are state schools inspected?
Exercise 4. Read and translate this article (use a dictionary where necessary).
Too young for testing
PUTTING young children through It is no wonder so many children fail

the ordeal of exams is wrong, wrong, to master the basics of reading, writing
wrong. and maths.
Especially for a government which Their teachers are too busy working
insists its priority is education, educa- out how to get them through exams to
tion, education. be able to perform their real job — actu-
Yesterday it announced that the really teaching.
sults of testing pupils at age seven and It is true that something needs to be
11 were a slight improvement on last done about bad schools and teachers
year, though still short of its targets. who are not up to the job.
So what? The problem isn’t the re- But they can be easily identified
sults, it is the government’s obsession without putting children through the
with tests. ordeal of formal testing.

1. What does the author of the article object to?
2. Why?
3. What does he propose?
Exercise 5. Do the same as in Exercise 4. This time the questions are:
1. What problem is raised1 in the article?
2. Why is it so important to have more male teachers2?
3. Is that a national or international problem?
ADVERTISER & TIMES 13.8.2005, p. 20
Concern over no male teachers at Sway School

A SWAY resident has expressed his con- councillors also sit on the school’s gov-
cern that there will no longer be any erning body,” he said.
male teachers employed at the village’s The councillors heard that new sta-
primary school. tistics indicate that 25% of British chil-
Craig McEwan attended a parish dren are now being raised in single par-
council meeting to ask whether any- ent families and of these 80% are being
thing could be done to recruit a new raised by their mothers. “I am concerned
male teacher following the departure that we could have a situation where
of Martin Sherad at the end of the sum- children are growing up with no male in-
mer term. “I am coming to you because fluences and I feel it is desirable to have
I don’t really know who else to contact at least one male teacher employed
about this and I know that a couple of within the school,” said Mr McEwan.
Exercise 6. Have a look at this picture and an-

swer these questions:
1. What did the father say to his son?
2. What is the father holding in his hand?
3. What is the son holding in his hand?
4. Who should be ashamed and why?
Why should I be ashamed, Dad?
It’s one of your old school reports
I found in the attic. Here’s mine.
1
to raise a problem — поднимать проблему
2
male teacher — учитель-мужчина
350 Unit 44
Vocabulary notes
to be ashamed — стыдиться
attic — чердак
school report — табель успеваемости
***
Pupil: You wouldn’t punish me for something I haven’t done, would you, teacher?
Teacher: Certainly not. What haven’t you done?
Pupil: My homework.
***
Inspector: Suppose I lent your father £100 in June and he promised to pay me back1 10
on the first of every month, how much would he owe2 me at the end of the year? Now
think well before you answer.
Pupil: £100, sir.
Inspector: You’re a very ignorant3 little girl. You don’t know the most elementary rules
of arithmetic!
Pupil: Ah, sir, but you don’t know father!
***
“My father and I know everything in the world,” said a small boy to his friend.
“All right,” said his friend. “Where is Asia?”
It was a difficult question, but the little boy answered quickly:
“That is one of the questions my father knows.”
***
Big sister: I’ll help you with your arithmetic. Suppose, I have 10 oranges and give you 2,
how many will I have then?
Bobby: I don’t know. In my class we do arithmetic with apples.
***
Teacher: Johnny, can you tell me what a hypocrite4 is?
Johnny: Yes’m; it’s a boy who comes to school these days with a smile on his face.
***
Larry: I’m not going to school any more.
Mother: Why?
Larry: On Monday, the teacher said 4 and 4 is 8. On Tuesday, she said 6 and 2 is 8. Today, she
said 7 and 1 is 8. I’m not going back to school again until the teacher makes up her mind5.
1
to pay back — вернуть
2
to owe — быть должным
3
ignorant — невежественный
4
hypocrite [hpkrt] — лицемер
5
to make up one’s mind — прийти к определённому мнению
***
A boy was being reprimanded1 for his low marks. His mother said: “Little Johnny Jones
got high marks.”
“Yes,” the son answered, “but then he has two bright2 parents.”
***
Teacher (to bring out the idea3 of size): Mention a difference between an elephant and
a flea4.
Tommy: Well, an elephant can have fleas, but a flea can’t have elephants.
***
Teacher: If 12 men could build a house in one day, one man could build the same house
in 12 days. Do you understand what I mean?
Pupil: Yes, sir.
Teacher: Then give me an example.
Pupil: You mean that if one boat could cross the ocean in 6 days, 6 boats could cross the
ocean in one day.
Exercise 8. What conclusion can you draw5 from this picture?
Look — if you have five pocket calculators

and I take two away, how many have you got left?
1
to reprimand — ругать, бранить, отчитывать
2
bright — умный, сообразительный
3
to bring out the idea — вводить понятие
4
flea — блоха
5
to draw a conclusion — делать вывод
352 Unit 44
The 500,000 11-year-olds

who can’t read or write
By Gabriel Milland
Political Correspondent
HALF-A-MILLION 11-year-olds have left Experts say that when children fall
primary school unable to read and write that badly behind they are destined to fail
since Labour came to power, figures are at secondary school, leaving education at
expected to show today. 16 with no worthwhile qualifications.
But that figure is almost certain to Liberal Democrat schools spokesman
climb to more than 500,000 when SATs David Laws said it was time for smaller
results for 2009 are published today. classes and more cash for education.
Teachers failing simplest of tests
THOUSANDS of trainee teachers are The simple literacy test, which last
struggling to pass simple literacy tests year asked trainees to spell the words
that require them to spell basic words “following”, “formally”, “preference” and
such as “anxiety”, “relieved” and “math- “acknowledge”, had to be retaken by one
ematical”. in five would-be teachers — more than
A quarter of them also had to retake three times the failure rate back in 2000.
the numeracy test — up from 19 per Yesterday, Michael Gove, the Shadow
cent in 2000 — while 13 per cent need- Schools Secretary, pledged that a future
ed at least three attempts before they Conservative government would raise
managed to pass a counting test. teaching standards.
ARE SCHOOLS TO BLAME FOR POOR LITERACY?
YES I was disgusted by what I saw while schools’ fault. Really? Schools are an
helping children to read at a local school easy target for all society’s ills, but the
(“The 500,000 11-year-olds who can’t critics are aiming in the wrong direction.
read or write”, August 4). It soon became Parents are the biggest influence
apparent that the teachers were interest- on children in these crucial years, and if
ed only in the children who could read. a child cannot read or write by the time he
Name and address supplied or she is seven then it’s the parents’ fault.
NO So half a million 11-year-olds can’t Roger Manns,

read or write properly. And it’s all the Wakefield, W Yorks
THE DAILY TELEGRAPH 22.7.2003, p.2
England’s teachers ‘among world’s least qualified’

By Graeme Paton, Education Editor
TEACHERS in England are among the Separate figures published today
least-qualified in the developed world, indicated that trainees graduating last
according to a report. year were more likely to have at least
Qualifications needed to work in a lower-second class degree than when
schools are lower than in other nations Labour came to power. But Chris Wood-
including France, Germany and Ame- head, the former chief inspector of
rica. schools, said the teachers were now ex-
The study also found that more pected to be focused on “the challeng-
teachers quit the classroom in England es of social diversity than the excite-
after just a few years than elsewhere, ment of teaching an academic subject.”
and pay did not match international In the study, Politeia compared teach-
standards. ing standards in England with those
Politeia, the think tank behind the in France, Germany, the Netherlands,
study, said the system of training in Switzerland, the US and New Zealand.
England was in “crisis” and called for ur- The Department for Children, Schools
gent reform. and Families said the report was “simply
The findings were criticised by the nonsense masquerading as serious com-
Government which claimed teachers ment” and said Ofsted rated the majority
were now better trained than ever. of trainees as outstanding or good.
354 Unit 44
Illiterate, the hard word
ILLITERACY is a passport to failure not half a million 11 year olds have left pri-
just at school but for a lifetime. Sadly mary school unable to read and write.
and inexcusably it is an issue that still It is a shaming figure for a Government
confronts us and that Labour, 12 years that proclaimed its commitment to “ed-
in power, has failed to solve. Since 1997 ucation, education, education”.

1) What commitment did the Government proclaim in 1997?
2) How many 11-year-olds have left primary school since then unable to read and write?
3) What will their qualifications be like at 16?
4) What remedies are suggested?
5) What are some teacher’s qualifications?
6) Apart from schools, who else is to blame for children’s poor literacy skills?
Exercise 10. These clippings deal with the same problem — poor results shown by
primary school-leavers. What information given by The Daily Telegraph was over-
looked by the Daily Express?
‘Three Rs’ too hard for 180,000
By Sarah O’Grady
MORE than 180,000 pupils are strug- ically complex sentences with joined-up
gling to read, write and add up when handwriting. In maths, they should be
they leave primary school, official fig- able to multiply and divide whole num-
ures revealed yesterday. bers by 10 or 100 and use simple frac-
The statistics cover writing, reading tions.
and maths tests taken in May by around But a third failed to meet the targets.
554,000 children in England. Reading results fell the furthest with
Pupils are supposed to show they just 42 per cent above the basic stand-
can spell properly, start to use grammat- ard, down from 50 per cent last year.
One in three 11 year-olds

fails to grasp three Rs
By Tim Ross
Social Affairs Editor
ONE child in three left primary school cent reached the standard in mathe-
this year without having mastered es- matics.
sential skills in reading, writing and Only 64 per cent reached this level
mathematics, national test results are in the combination of reading, writing
expected to disclose today. and mathematics. Prof Alan Smithers,
While more than 60 per cent of pu- an assessment specialist at the Univer-
pils will have completed the first stage sity of Buckingham, said he expected
of their compulsory education with about 30 per cent of pupils would
a firm grip of the three Rs, experts be- not achieve Level 4 in this area this
lieve that at least a third will fall short year.
of the standards expected of the age Michael Gove, the Education Sec-
group. retary, is to overhaul tests in writing,
This would mean about 170,000 which is traditionally the weakest area.
children throughout England would Under a system to be put out to trial
begin secondary school next month next summer, creative writing will be
without having achieved the grades assessed by pupils’ teachers, instead
expected of 11-year-olds in the core of external markers, while a separate
subjects. exam in punctuation, spelling and
Almost 600,000 11-year-olds took grammar will be introduced.
Sats in English and mathematics But teachers’ leaders have said that
this summer, with a national sam- Mr Gove had missed a “golden oppor-
ple to measure standards in science. tunity” to abolish Sats. Adrian Prandle,
Last year’s results showed that 80 the education adviser at the Associa-
per cent of pupils passed the Eng- tion of Teachers and Lecturers, said the
lish tests at Level 4, the grade ex- tests were “fatally flawed” and failed to
pected of 11 year-olds, while 79 per show pupils’ progress.
356 Unit 44
Worst primary schools to be turned into academies
By Jaya Sisodia
THE 200 worst-performing primary English and maths at age 11, and chil-
schools in England are to be transformed dren making below average progress
into academies, Education Secretary Mi- between age seven and 11.
chael Gove announced yesterday. Some 200 schools that have been
Warning that the English education below the threshold for the past five
system was failing to keep up with inter- years will now be turned into academies
national rivals, he said the Government from next year.
needed to go “faster and further” with They will receive direct funding and
the academies programme inherited will be given more powers over areas
from Labour. like the curriculum and staff pay and
About 1,400 primary schools in Eng- conditions.
land currently have fewer than 60 per Mr Gove said: “We want all parents to
cent of pupils reaching a basic level in have a choice of good local schools.”
DAILY MAIL 30.7.2011, p. 39
Are we on the brink of REAL reform in Britain’s schools?
When the Coalition government came THEIR governing bodies have more
to power last year, there were only 203 scope to hire teachers of their choice
academies out of more than 3,000 sec- and can decide on pay and condi-
ondary schools in England and Wales. tions.
Now there are 801, with hundreds In this way, they can run their
more expected to become academies schools without being dictated to by
this autumn. bureaucrats in local authorities. They
Academies are run by independent can also apply to take over failing near-
charitable trusts, which get sponsorship by schools.
from local businesses and charities.
New signs, same lousy schools
EDUCATION Secretary Michael Gove rate, all the schools in the country will
has just declared that another batch of be ‘academies’ by the time Mr Gove has
schools are to become ‘academies’. I’ve finished — and no doubt all the children
yet to see any proof that ‘academies’ are will be above average, and all the exam
better than other schools, though they results will be ‘As’ and ‘A-stars’.
have nice new signboards. But at this And still nobody will know anything.
Now answer just one questions:

Which sounds more convincing, the official view expressed by the Daily Express and the
Daily Mail or the view of the reader of The Mail on Sunday?
Exercise 12. Compare these clippings from the Daily Mirror and the Daily Mail which
deal with parent-to-teacher gifts. What details mentioned by the Daily Mail were
overlooked by the Daily Mirror and vice versa1?
£10 gifts for miss spark school row
By PAUL BYRNE
A SCHOOL has ordered teachers to But parents of children at St Bridget’s

register pupils’ end-of-term gifts worth Primary CoE School, in West Kirby, Mer-
more than £10 after a parent said they seyside, are furious.
felt “pressured” into buying them. Head- Mr Le Feuvre said: “I sought advice
master Neil Le Feuvre, who temporar- from the local authority and was told
ily confiscated the presents, claimed he staff could have their gifts. Any above
had no choice but to introduce a hospi- £10 will be added to the register.”
tality register.
1
vice versa [vas vs] — наоборот
358 Unit 44
DAILY MAIL 25.7.12, p. 22
Teachers told to register ‘lavish’ gifts from pupils
By Laura Clark
Education Correspondent
Growing numbers of teachers are being our appreciation. I bought her a gift to
ordered to register the more expensive say “thank you” but then I learnt it had
gifts, with the latest edict coming from been confiscated by Mr Le Feuvre.
Wirral Council. ‘Now we are told that any gifts over
It has ordered staff to register pre- £10 have to be registered.’
sents worth £10 or more. Speaking yesterday, Dr Mary Boust-
It follows a furore over gifts to staff at ed, ATL’s general secretary, said: ‘From
a primary school in the area, St Bridget’s. our own surveys we know that staff
They were initially impounded as are just as delighted with a card or gift
headmaster Nell Le Feuvre sought ad- which has been made by a pupil, or just
vice from the local authority about being thanked.
whether they could be kept. The appreciation and thought is val-
He was told the gifts could stand as ued more than any gift itself.’
long as they were declared. A Department for Education spokes-
But one parent, who declined to be man said: ‘We trust teachers to make the
named, said: ‘My son’s teacher had been right decisions about what they should
amazing all year and I wanted to show and shouldn’t accept.’
Exercise 13. Read and translate this clipping. What associations does it trigger1 for
you?
THE SUN 22.7.2011, p. 23
Alcohol gifts are so classy
TEACHERS are given flowers, posh chocolates and even alcohol.

More than half of parents will fork out an average of nearly £8 on a gift for their
children’s teachers when school breaks up today.
1
to trigger associations — вызывать ассоциации
45
359 Chapter 1 Unit
Secondary education
(1)
Dialogue
Gregory: You know, Mike, there are so many different kinds of school in Great Britain
that educationalists of other countries often cannot make head or tail of them. How do
the British manage to remember them all?
Mike: It sometimes helps when you know why and when the different kinds of school
were introduced.
G.: The difficult thing is to remember the different schools providing secondary education.
М.: Most children move to secondary school at the age of eleven. After the age of 11
(which is sometimes the transfer age) secondary education was originally confined to
grammar schools.
G.: Grammar schools are pretty old, aren’t they?
М.: Some of them are. For example, Shakespeare went to one. It still exists. At the turn of
the century, juniors either went to a grammar school or stayed on at the primary school
until the age of 13 or 14.
G.: But things have changed greatly. Take Secondary Modern Schools, for instance.
М.: Those were a by-product of the two World Wars. Wars promoted education. It was
noted with dismay and horror that a great number of private soldiers were illiterate, that
the level of technical education was low, and that there weren’t enough specialists to
produce armaments. So in 1918 and 1944 Education Acts were passed calling for more
attention to education.
G.: What did the 1944 Education Act say?
М.: The 1944 Education act is still quite relevant today. It said, among other things, that sec-
ondary education should be provided to all children and that it should be given in accordance
with the child’s age, ability and aptitude. Up to the age of 15 education was made compulsory.
Under the same Act was set up another kind of school — Secondary Modern School.
At the age of eleven, primary school pupils took an examination called the Eleven-Plus. If
they passed it, they went to a Grammar School, and if they failed it, they went to a Second-
ary Modern School. But people felt it was unfair to separate children into different schools
at the age of eleven. So a mixed-ability comprehensive system of schools was started in
Britain in 1965. 94% of children are educated in state secondary schools, the majority of
which are comprehensive schools where children of all abilities are educated together. In
some areas, however, there are also grammar schools for which children are selected on the
basis of an exam1. Some parents try to send their children to grammar schools, believing
that their standard of education is higher than in comprehensive schools.
1
In some areas of the country the last two years of primary school and the %rst two of secondary
school are combined in a middle school but it is much more usual for children to go to secondary
school at eleven. As for a lower school, it is not a separate school, but the classes at a secondary
school that are for younger students, usually aged 11–13.
360 Unit 45
The remaining six per cent of children go to private schools, also called independent
schools. Secondary education is statutory (enforceable by law). As distinct from primary
schools, secondary schools have separate subject specialist teaching.
G.: Speaking of school children you keep calling them ‘pupils’. But I’ve heard them re-
ferred to as ‘students’ as well.
M.: The word ‘student’ is preferred in America where it is used for learners of all ages.
We start using it when we speak of older pupils in schools and, of course, in the tertiary
sector at college or university.
G.: In Russia we have some schools with special emphasis on some subject, for instance,
mathematics, foreign language etc. Have you got similar schools, and if so, what do you
call them, special, specialized, or what?
M.: ‘Special schools’ are meant for physically or mentally handicapped children. In
other words, a special school (in the UK) is a school category for children with spe-
cial educational needs resulting from disability or learning difficulty. Our counterpart
of the schools you mentioned are ‘specialist schools’, that is secondary schools which
specialize in the teaching of a particular area of the curriculum. From 1994, maintained
schools were able to apply for specialist status in design and technology, mathematics,
and modern languages. This range was gradually expanded, so that schools may now
apply for specialist status in arts, business and enterprise, engineering, humanities, lan-
guages, mathematics and computing, music, science, sports, and technology. Americans
call such schools ‘magnet schools’.
G.: How are pupils divided into classes in comprehensive schools?
М.: There are three methods: streaming, mixed-ability classes, and “setting”.
In streaming, like in some primary schools, division is according to ability. The classes
are streamed, say, one for high achievers, one for pupils of average achievement, and one
for these expected to do less well. There are roughly 30 pupils in а class. Each year they
move up to a higher stream or down to a lower stream within the school, that is they
move up and down the ladder.
G.: How are mixed-ability classes formed?
М.: Mixed-ability classes are classes that are not streamed, random selection classes.
G.: What about the third method of division into classes?
М.: Some comprehensive schools use a system known as “setting” by which children are
arranged in separate ability groups or “sets” for each subject. In this system, a child might
be in a top ability group for English, a middle ability group for French and a low ability
group or “bottom set” for mathematics.
G.: Who decides which of the three methods to choose?
М.: The system used in any school is almost entirely at the discretion of the headmaster
or headmistress.
(To be continued)
Vocabulary notes
Act — закон among other things — в частности
to pass an А. — принимать закон aptitude — склонность
adult — взрослый armaments — вооружение
Secondary education 361
Vocabulary notes
to arrange — распределять, организо- to refer to smb — зд.: говорить о ком-л.
вывать, устраивать, договариваться relevant; syn. valid — действительный,
as of — по состоянию на остающийся в силе
at the turn of the century — на рубеже roughly — примерно, приблизительно
столетия (двадцатого) school
by-product — побочный продукт comprehensive s. — единая школа
to cater for smb — обслуживать кого-л. grammar s. — грамматическая школа
disability — инвалидность lower s. — младшие классы средней
discretion — усмотрение школы
dismay — тревога, смятение maintained s. — государственная
to do less well — не так хорошо успевать школа (syn. state s.)
eleven-plus — старше 11 лет middle s. — школа для детей 9–13 лет
emphasis — упор, внимание secondary modern s. — средняя
to estimate — считать, оценивать современная школа
to expect — ожидать special s. — школа для детей-
to fail — терпеть неудачу инвалидов
to f. an examination — провалиться specialist s. — школа с углублен-
на экзамене ным изучением какого-л. предмета,
high achiever — хорошо успевающий спецшкола (AE magnet s.)
ученик set — группа, поток
horror — ужас to s. up; syn. to establish — учреждать,
illiterate — неграмотный издавать
in accordance with — в соответствии с setting — деление на потоки по
learner — учащийся способностям для разных учебных
level — уровень предметов
literacy — грамотность to stay on — продолжать оставаться
to make head or tail of smth — разби- to stream — делить на потоки по
раться в чём-л. способностям
mixed ability class; syn. random selec- streaming — деление на потоки по
tion class класс учащихся разных способностям
способностей technology — техника
physically or mentally handicapped — tertiary sector — образование после
с физическими или умственными окончания средней школы
недостатками transfer — перевод (зд.: в другую
to possess — обладать школу)
to prefer — предпочитать unfair — несправедливый
private (soldier) — рядовой (солдат) you keep calling them ‘pupils’ —
pupil of average achievement — ученик вы всё время называете их
со средней успеваемостью учениками
362 Unit 45
Exercise 1. In the dialogue above, find the English equivalents of these Russian
на рубеже XX века; С тревогой и ужасом было отмечено; Но положение силь-
но изменилось; по этому закону; Как англичане умудряются все их запомнить?;
Среднее образование должно быть обеспечено для всех детей; При этом необхо-
димо учитывать возраст, способности и склонности ребёнка; Самое трудное —
запомнить разные школы, обеспечивающие среднее образование; Не хватало
специалистов для производства вооружения; в которых предлагается обратить
больше внимания на образование; Среднее образование первоначально ограни-
чивалось грамматическими школами; но всё ещё осталось несколько грамматиче-
ских школ; в отличие от начальных школ; помимо обеспечения общего образова-
ния; с особым упором на; школы, которые специализируются по определенным
предметам; и если да, то; школам, которые вы упомянули, у нас соответствуют;
предназначены для; привлекая учащихся как из данного, так и из других районов;
иными словами.

1) … … the age of 15 education was made compulsory. 2) ... the turn ... the century
Juniors either went ... a grammar school or stayed … … the primary school ... the age
... 13 or 14. 3) ... the age ... 11 secondary education was originally confined ... gram-
mar schools. 4) ... the same Act was set ... another kind ... school — Secondary Modern
school. 5) Secondary education should be given ... accordance ... the child’s age, ability
and aptitude. 6) ... 1918 and 1944 Education Acts were passed calling ... more attention
... education. 7) The 1944 Education Act said, ... other things, that secondary education
should be provided ... all children. 8) We have some schools… special emphasis… some
subject. 9) A special school caters … children … special educational needs resulting …
disability or learning difficulty.

1. What schools was secondary education originally confined to?
2. Why were Secondary Modern Schools introduced?
3. What schools do secondary school children go to now?
4. What schools provide a focus on one subject area for pupils who wish to specialize in
this subject?
5. How are students divided into classes in comprehensive schools?
Exercise 4. Read and translate this clipping about how the idea of the comprehensive
school was gaining popularity1 (use a dictionary where necessary). What argument
for it was put forward2?
1
to gain popularity — !&!$ '$*, & '$!&
2
to put forward an argument — +"& , "'
DAILY ECHO 20.7.2005, p. 13
50 YEARS AGO
July 20, 1955: The quarterly meeting of After justifying experiment in edu-
the East Dorset Association, NUT, held cation, Miss Jones drew attention to
at Henry Harbin Girls’ School, Poole, the unnecessary tension produced in
drew teachers from many schools to many children by the selective exami-
hear Miss E В Jones on “The Compre- nation at 11-plus years.
hensive School”.
Exercise 5. Read and translate the following exchange of views1 which shows that the
dispute between those in favour of2 and against comprehensive schools is far from
over.3 Use a dictionary where necessary. Please note that the author of the first article
played on similarity between the the words grammar and grimmer4.
THE PEOPLE 31.7.2005, p. 19
GOING TO GRIMMER SCHOOL
A MAJOR teaching union has called for selective grammar schools to be introduced
across England, declaring that comprehensives and a “one size fits all” policy has
failed. Ironically in Northern Ireland we are currently dismantling the grammar
school system.
1
exchange of views — $
2
in favour of smth — --.
3
far from over — :& -
4
grammar — "-!*, grimmer — -+*
364 Unit 45
DAILY MAIL 22.9.2005, p. 44
SECOND-RATE EDUCATION
I narrowly failed my 11-plus exam. I spent ever gained employment in the ‘high-
the next four years at school where the earning occupations’.
best they could offer was to prepare you To write off so many children was
for work in a shop or factory. wrong, and I see no benefit in a return
I was probably saved from a life time to a deeply flawed system.
of low-paid, mundane work by going CHRIS WHEELER,
on to college, gaining an engineering Ross-on-Wye, Herefordshire.
qualification and securing a five-year
apprenticeship. I, TOO, failed my 11-plus and was
Later, I moved into financial servic- not allowed to take GCSEs.
es, became a senior manager and even- At 30, I went to university and
tually director of my own company. gained an upper second. Bring back
Some years ago, I read that only secondary modern schools? You must
15 per cent of children who went be joking.
through the secondary modern system D. GRIFFITH,
Cheltenham, Glos.
DAILY MAIL 2.8.2005, p. 47
THE RIGHT CHOICE...
I WELCOME that the Professional Associa- lieve the PAT is on the right track with
tion of Teachers (PAT) is calling for the re- this.
introduction of selection at 11 for certain An 11-plus system does filter people
educational establishments. It also wants into different groups — but streaming
to see more grammar schools (Mail). was a way of life when I was younger.
I passed the 11-plus and went to ANDREW J. LEWIS,
a selective technical high school. I be- Chelmsford, Essex.
DAILY MAIL 2.8.2005, p. 47
...OR THE WRONG ONE?

SHAME on teachers’ trade union PAT for called, they remain the schools to which
calling for a return to selective educa- children who failed the 11-plus went.
tion (Mail). I’m a PAT member but would If we are to have a debate about the
never support it. As ever, the argument best educational system, let’s see how
put forward in favour of this idea com- the different systems serve all children,
pares grammar schools with compre- not just the academically gifted.
hensives and forgets there’s another
ALAN ROLFE,
type of school involved — the former
Slough, Berks.
secondary moderns. Whatever they are

1. Who has called for re-introducing1 grammar schools and why?
2. Who supported the idea and on what grounds2?
3. Who was against it and what arguments did he use?
4. What happened to two readers who failed their 11-plus?
DAILY MAIL 6.7.2011, p. 12
THE GATEWAY TO EXCELLENCE

By Kate Loveys, Education Reporter
UNTIL the 1960s there were some 1,200 subscribed, with as many as 12 applica-
grammar schools. But In the 1970s tions per place.
most were axed and their number is In comparison to grammars, stand-
now capped, by law, at 164. They edu- ards in many of England’s comprehen-
cate some 160,000 pupils. sives are poor. Just one-sixth of pupils
In recent years they have produced in the state sector last year achieved
more than half the total number of a new performance target at GCSE —
A grade А-levels in difficult subjects five A*-C grades in the core subjects
such as maths and physics. science, maths, English, the humanities
and a modern language.
And they routinely top performance
Reforms by Education Secretary Mi-
league tables for GCSEs and A-levels.
chael Gove provide for existing gram-
As a result they are hugely over- mars to increase in size.
1
to re-introduce — &
2
on what grounds — !
366 Unit 45
DAILY MAIL 6.7.2011, p. 12
WHY BRITAIN MUST BRING BACK GRAMMAR SCHOOLS
By Steve Doughty
Social Affairs Correspondent
CHILDREN from working class families The sorting is primarily achieved by
are failing in life because they cannot living in areas with good access to bet-
get into good secondary schools, a ter schools.’
Government-backed inquiry has found. Professor Ermisch said lotteries for
The research blames the widen- school places would improve poor chil-
ing gap between the achievements of dren’s chances, ‘but as long as there is
rich and poor pupils on ‘selection by large variation in school quality, such
mortgage’ — the way middle-class par- a policy would be resisted by better-
ents are able to buy their way into the off parents, because some would be
best schools by moving into expensive forced to send their children to inferior
homes in the right catchment areas. schools’. Another wide-ranging project
The study is set to re-open the de- from the Sutton Trust is expected to
bate about grammar schools, which uncover large differences in aspiration
were largely abolished in the 1970s. and attainment between state compre-
Many say this has barred the way to hensives on the one hand, and inde-
a good education for bright working pendent schools and the 164 remain-
class children. ing selective English grammars on the
The grammar school argument has other.
been fired over the past four years by This week Tory peer and former
overwhelming evidence that social Downing Street adviser Lord Black-
mobility — the chance of someone well is to launch an amendment to Mr
from a poor background of doing well Gove’s Education Bill calling for the in-
in life — has been declining sharply troduction of academically streamed
since the 1970s. classes within comprehensive schools.
Professor John Ermisch of Essex The centre-Right think-tank Cen-
University said: ‘The widening of the tre for Policy Studies, with which Lord
parental education gap in pupil per- Blackwell has links, is to publish a call
formance after primary school appears for the creation of a grammar school
to be related to the sorting of children for every town.
into secondary schools.
GRAMMAR SCHOOLS TO TAKE IN MORE PUPILS

By Macer Hall
Political Editor
GRAMMAR schools are set to expand schools to be opened to help bright
significantly under Government moves youngsters succeed in education what-
to give more pupils the chance to have ever their social background.
the best state education available, Robert McCartney, chairman of the
a minister signalled yesterday. National Grammar Schools Association,
In a move that will be welcomed by said: “This is a very welcome step but
many parents, the Coalition is to allow it offers no solace to parents living in
state-funded grammars to admit extra four-fifths of the country with no gram-
youngsters without seeking the per- mar schools at all.”
mission of town hall bureaucrats. There are around 158,000 pupils
The selective schools are to be en- at 164 state-funded grammars in Eng-
couraged to build links with comprehen- land, five per cent of the total number
sives in a hope of spreading their ethos of at secondary schools. Ninety-eight
discipline and high academic standards. per cent of them achieve five or more
Ministers hope the move will help GCSEs at Grades A*-C, compared with
revive the tradition of good education an average 55 per cent nationally.
being the engine of social mobility that The numbers sitting 11-plus exams
grammars performed in their heyday. in areas like Kent and Buckingham-
But last night campaigners called shire, where grammar schools are more
for dozens more state-run selective common, have increased significantly.
Commentary
Nick Seaton
Campaign for Real Education
NEWS that grammar schools will be al- a few outstanding comprehensives,
lowed to expand is a step in the right they are the only secondary schools in
direction. the state sector that produce results to
It is widely recognised that when match fee-paying schools.
there were up to 1,000 grammar If the Government reforms are
schools, they were the engines of so- to improve social mobility and raise
cial mobility. Until most of them were standards across the country, minis-
destroyed, young people from all social ters must allow genuine choice. Their
backgrounds could move into the pro- “free schools” programme could al-
fessions and up the social ladder much low new grammar schools to open.
more easily than today. Why do they still deny that op-
England’s remaining 164 grammars tion?
are beacons of excellence. Apart from
368 Unit 45

1) What families send their children to comprehensives and to grammar schools?
2) How does the choice of secondary school tell on students’ GCSE results?
Exercise 7. Compare these clippings. What information published by the Daily Mail
was not covered by The Daily Telegraph?
DAILY MAIL 8.7.2011, p. 24–25.
ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE DOWN THE CENTURIES
WESTMINISTER SCHOOL site in prosperous Barnes, south-west

Standing in the precincts of its London.
namesake abbey, Westminster School It has a mix of day and boarding pu-
has a history stretching back to the pils, with boarding fees currently set at
11th century. £26,559. Over the three years, it got 167
Boarding fees are among the highest pupils into Oxbridge, a 35.6 per cent
of all Independents at £30,438 a year. success rate.
It sent 235 students to Oxbridge ST PAUL’S GIRLS SCHOOL
from 2007 to 2009 — 44.4 per cent of its
Based in Hammersmith, West Lon-
A-level pupils. The average pupil gets
don, St Paul’s Girls was founded in 1904
the equivalent of four А-levels at A*.
by the trustees of the foundation that
It is mixed sex with around 188 pupils
runs the boys school.
in its final year.
Fees for the day school are £17,526;
ETON COLLEGE there are no boarding places.
Set in extensive grounds in Berk- Pupil numbers are relatively low
shire, Eton has educated boys for six with an average of 101 taking А-levels.
centuries since its foundation by King From 2007 to 2009,129 pupils won Ox-
Henry VI. bridge places — a success rate of 45.7
Most pupils are boarders and an- per cent.
nual fees are £29,862. The school has HILLS ROAD COLLEGE
grown in size in recent years with 257
More than seven pupils fight for
pupils going to university each year.
every place at Hills Road Sixth Form,
From 2007 to 2009, 211 pupils —
a state school founded in 1974 on the
28.1 per cent of the total — went to
site of a former grammar.
Oxbridge.
Oxbridge places were granted to
ST PAUL’S SCHOOL 204 pupils in the three years from 2007
Founded in the City of London in to 2009. The sprawling mixed-sex col-
1509, St Paul’s now occupies a 45-acre lege also runs adult education courses.
DAILY MAIL 8.7.2011, p. 24–25
SCHOOLS THAT FILL OXBRIDGE

Top five take more places than
2,000 comprehensives combined
By Kate Loveys, Education Reporter
A HANDFUL of leading schools sends Labour’s failure to improve social mo-
more pupils to Oxbridge than 2,000 of bility.
the country’s comprehensives and col- ‘Despite all their promises, they left
leges combined. hundreds of thousands of children with
Four prestigious private schools and little to no chance of getting to the best
one state school produced 946 Oxford universities.‘
and Cambridge entrants over three years. The Sutton Trust figures show that
At the same time the 2,000 worst- Westminster, attended by Deputy
performing state schools, two thirds of Prime Minister Nick Clegg, sent the
the national total, produced only 927 most pupils to Oxbridge between 2007
Oxbridge students. and 2009 — 235.
The leading fee-paying schools, Next was Eton with 211, followed
which charge around £30,000 a year, by Hills Road with 204, St Paul’s School
are Eton, Westminster, St Paul’s School with 167 — a staggering 46 per cent of
and St Paul’s Girls School. their pupils — and St Paul’s Girls School
The state school, Hills Road college, with 129.
is based in the heart of Cambridge and The grammar sending the largest
caters for the children of leading aca- proportion of students to Oxbridge
demics and scientists. was Queen Elizabeth’s in Barnet, North
The startling figures were disclosed London. Sutton Trust chairman Sir Pe-
in the first study of its kind by the Sut- ter Lampl said schools would try hard-
ton Trust, an education charity which er to raise standards if they were made
analysed the destination of 750,000 to publish data showing the destina-
school leavers. The data also shows that tions of their leavers.
grammar schools fare very well when it A total of 669,956 youngsters
comes to university places. chased the 479,000 places available in
On average, grammars sent 65 per the final year before tuition fees rise up
cent of their pupils to the top 30 institu- to a maximum £9,000.
tions, compared with only 28 per cent Students without offers will have to
for comprehensives. scramble for places through clearing
The 100 elite schools — 3 per cent when their А-level results are published
of the national total — accounted for next month.
32 per cent of admissions to Oxbridge. But opportunities are expected to
Schools Minister Nick Gibb said: be limited because few students will
‘This report is a damning indictment of take a gap year ahead of the fees rise.
370 Unit 45
FIVE SCHOOLS SEND MORE

TO OXBRIDGE THAN 2,000 OTHERS
By Graeme Paton,
Education Editor
THE extent to which a handful of worse, even well-qualified students
elite schools dominate access to Ox- from comprehensive schools are less
bridge is laid bare in figures published likely to apply to highly selective uni-
for the first time today. versities than their peers from inde-
Five schools send more pupils to pendent schools.”
Oxford and Cambridge than 2,000 oth- In the study, the Sutton Trust ob-
er comprehensives or sixth-form col- tained data from 2,343 schools and col-
leges combined, figures show. leges in England, showing the number
Data from the Sutton Trust char- of pupils admitted to higher education
ity reveals that schools including Eton, between 2007 and 2009.
Westminster and St Paul’s now account Figures show some 48 per cent of
for more than one in 20 students ad- pupils from independent schools won
mitted to the top two universities. places at 30 top universities over the
In all, privately-educated pupils are period, compared with just 18 per cent
almost seven times as likely to get into from state comprehensives and 27 per
Oxbridge as those from state compre- cent from sixth-form colleges.
hensives. They are also twice as likely to Some 100 elite schools — almost
be admitted to the top 30 universities. all from the fee-paying sector — ac-
Last night, the Coalition insisted the counted for more than one in 10 places
findings represented a “damning in- at these universities.
dictment of Labour’s failure to improve Five schools sent 946 students to
social mobility”. the universities in three years — more
The Russell Group, which represents than the 927 admitted from 2,000 other
20 top universities, including Oxford schools and colleges nationally.
and Cambridge, said the data reflected The five were made up of four fee-
the fact that many underprivileged paying schools — Westminster, Eton
students failed to gain decent А-level College, St Paul’s School and St Paul’s
results. Girls School — and one state-run col-
Wendy Piatt, the group’s director- lege, Hills Road Sixth Form College in
general, added: “To make matters Cambridge.
Exercise 8. Read and translate these clippings (use a dictionary where necessary). Do
you share the opinion of the author and of the editor? Give your pros and cons.1
SWEARING LESSONS FOR PUPILS AGED ELEVEN
By Paul Jeeves
Parents were stunned to discover given a worksheet entitled “Acceptable
teachers had asked pupils to decide on Or Not?”
the appropriate use of swear words, in- It listed situatuions where swear
cluding the worst four-letters obsceni- words might be used.
ties. The words were not censored on
Children in year seven at the newly the worksheets and pupils were asked
opened Shafton Advanced Learning if it was “always OK, sometimes OK, de-
Centre in Barnsley, South Yorks, were pends, or never OK” to utter them.
ACCEPTABLE OR NOT?
Work in pairs and question each other to answer the following questions
Always Sometimes Never
Situation Depends
OK OK OK
Telling your friend to ‘xxxx off ’ in a jokey manner D

Shouting ‘xxxx off ’ across a classroom or shopping
D
centre, whether joking or not
Shouting ‘xxxx off ’ in an assembly D
Shouting ‘xxxx’ when you drop something D
Calling somebody ‘a xxxx head’ when in a lesson D
Shouting and swearing in a playground D
Making a statement like ‘it xxxxing it down’ to
D
a friend
Making a statement like ‘it xxxxing it down’ to
D
a teacher/parent/member of public
Telling somebody to ‘xxxx off ’ D
Using word ‘xxxx’ in any situation D
1
pros and cons — "'+
372 Unit 45
Disgusted
Lawrence Sparks, 52, said he was Lauren’s stepmother Karen Young, 43,
disgusted this week when his daugh- added: “It is giving kids a licence to swear.”
ter Lauren, 12, brought the worksheet Peter Foot, chairman of the Campaign for
home. Courtesy said: “It is an extraordinary thing
He said: “It is teaching kids bad lan- for a school to do. It is appalling.”
guage. When they have sex education A school spokesman said work on
lessons they ask the parents whether language and respect had been done
they want their children involved and by all pupils in years seven to nine over
this should be the same. the last two months. He added: “As
“After I registered a complaint the part of our social responsibility we are
head teacher rang me back a few min- educating our students to understand
utes later and she didn’t see what the what kind of language is appropriate at
problem was.” what times and in what context.”
DAILY EXPRESS 14.7. 2012, p. 14.
LESSONS WE DON’T NEED
Parents send their children to school in Barnsley, South Yorkshire, have been
each morning believing they’ll be giv- subjected to these lessons is a ludicrous
en a fit and proper education. The last example of how school standards in
thing in the world they would expect is Britain have slipped in recent years.
for their offspring to be given a ques- Parents are rightly furious and have
tionnaire packed with the worst possi- complained to the school which says
ble swear words and be allowed to use the lessons are an attempt to encour-
them openly in classroom. age social responsibility and under-
The fact that children as young as standing of what is appropriate and
11 at Shafton Advanced learning centre what is not.
46
373 Chapter 1 Unit
Secondary education
(2)s
Dialogue
Mike: We have been speaking at length about English schools. But I could take you to
one so that you may see for yourself what it is like.
Gregory: Thanks a lot, but now I can’t afford the time. Besides, I visited one a few years ago.
М.: Which one?
G.: Twynham Comprehensive School in Christchurch.
М.: What did you learn there?
G.: Quite a few things that interested me.
М.: Such as what?
G.: For instance, I asked the teachers if they had streaming.
М.: And do they?
G.: No, it turned out they had setting, not streaming. Some classes there are set for Eng-
lish and sciences.
М.: What is their daily routine?
G.: I think it must be pretty much the same as in other comprehensive schools. They have
5 periods a day. Period 1 lasts from 9.00 to 10.00, 2 — 10.05 to 11.05, and 3 — from 11.20
to 12.20. Then they have lunch for an hour. Period 4 is from 1.20 to 2.15, and 5 — from
2.20 to 3.15. Before classes, the headmaster gives a staff briefing at 8.45.
М.: Do pupils there wear school uniforms?
G.: They do. Black skirts or trousers, white shirts, blue and blue striped ties.
М.: What is the teaching load there?
G.: 25 hours per week if there are no other responsibilities and 21 hours if there are.
М.: That load may be increased if you cover for an absent colleague, that is act as a sup-
ply teacher. Normally, the teaching load at primary schools is about 23 hours a week. At
secondary schools, it is about the same, but plans are under way to reduce that by 10% to
allow more time for preparation, for working at one’s plans.
G.: How will the teaching load be reduced, by taking on more teachers?
М.: No, schools cannot afford that. The idea is that the number of pupils per class should
be doubled from 30 to 601.
G.: But, to put it mildly, that would be counterproductive. Students would get less indi-
vidual attention from the teacher, less time for individual practice, and it would be far
more difficult to maintain discipline during the lesson in a class that size.
М.: Yes, you’ve summed up the main objections. And yet the idea of doubling class size
has not yet been given up.
G.: How are school teachers paid?
1
Class sizes in state schools in the UK, both primary and secondary, tend to be larger than those
in other developed countries.
374 Unit 46
М.: Their salaries depend on their qualifications, experience and a graded post at school
(for example, special responsibility for the library, for drama, reading etc.). Besides, if you
have a good honours degree (1st or 2nd class degree) there is a 12-year incremental, that is
after 12 years your salary goes up each year.
G.: How about attendance at English schools?
М.: As for cutting classes, that is getting to be quite a problem. One way of dealing with
it is to punish parents for not ensuring their children attend school. But that is an excep-
tional measure. There are too many pupils playing truant.
G.: What system of marking is used in English schools?
М.: In Great Britain, there is no standardised system for all institutions. There are 4 sys-
tems: 1) marking out of ten; marking in grades — 2) letters or 3) figures — and 4) mark-
ing in percentages.
1) Marking out of ten (sometimes out of twenty) is used when work is easy to assess nu-
merically. For instance, 6 out of 10 may mean that your pupil has translated 6 sentences
out of 10.
2), 3) Grades are used for more complex work which is difficult to divide into a certain
number of points, for instance, a passage of translation. А-level grades go from A, the
highest (corresponding to the Russian mark 5), down to D, or sometimes E. If minuses or
pluses are added, then the grades are read as A minus, В plus, В minus etc. If you are to
go to a university, you need high grades to get in. GCSE grades used to be numerical, but
now, too, go from A to E. Down to grade С is a pass. A-С are pass grades, and D-E are fail
grades. Instead of A plus we use A* (that is A with an asterisk, usually known as ‘A-star’).
4) Marking in percentages is much the same as marking out of ten. Only here it is mark-
ing out of a hundred. This system is used in most universities.
G.: Speaking of marking reminds me. There are a few things I wanted to ask you about
exams.
M.: Such as what?
G.: What notices are put up on doors of classrooms where exams are on?
M.: ‘Quiet. Exams in progress’ or ‘Exams in progress. No entry.’
G.: Students taking exams sometimes use cribs. What is done about that?
M.: There are exam ‘invigilators’ or ‘watchdogs’ (‘proctors’ in America) to prevent them
from cheating in exams. But to get back to the school you visited. What else did you do
there besides talking to the staff ?
G.: I asked for and was given permission to attend some classes, to see their swimming
pool and library. I saw senior formers writing a composition, students taking their test
in swimming and diving and a library well stocked with textbooks, latest dictionaries,
fiction and quick reads, that is short books for those not particularly keen on reading, for
instance, problem teenagers.
М.: What did the swimming and diving test consist in?
G.: There were life belts floating on the surface of the pool. Pupils were to swim up to
them, dive and then surface inside the belt.
М.: What was your general impression?
G.: It’s a good well equipped school. When I asked the teachers where the school got
everything it had, I was told that whatever requests they may have, are readily met by the
Christchurch Municipal Council.
М.: In return for help from the community, schools will now have to do more for the
community.
G.: Such as what?
М.: Because of the need to provide fuller access to employment and training, the govern-
ment has said that schools need to move towards extending the services they provide
to the community. Some schools (known as “Full-Service Schools”) are more focused
upon wider community needs, providing services such as adult-training, courses, crèch-
es, doctors’ surgeries, post office, social service support, youth clubs, citizen-advice and
even some shopping!
Vocabulary notes
to allow (more time) — дать (больше diving — ныряние
времени) to double — удваивать
to assess — оценивать employment — работа, занятость,
asterisk — звёздочка найм на работу
at length — подробно to ensure — обеспечивать; ср. выше: to
attendance — посещаемость; ср. выше: insure — страховать
to attend school — посещать школу to equip — оснащать, снаряжать
belt — пояс; ср. выше: seat b. — ремень examination, infml exam
безопасности to cheat in an e. — пользоваться
life b. — спасательный круг шпаргалкой
briefing — инструктаж to take an e. — сдавать экзамен, syn.
staff b. — планёрка infml.BE to do/to sit an e., AE to sit for
citizen-advice — консультация граждан an e.
to consist in smth — заключаться Exams in progress — Идут экзамены
в чём-либо; ср. to consist of smth — со- exceptional measure — исключитель-
стоять из чего-либо ная мера
to correspond to smth — соответство- to extend — расширять, распростра-
вать чему-либо нять, ср. выше: to е. — простираться
council — совет fail п — непроходной балл, провал на
municipal с. — муниципалитет экзамене: ср. выше: to f. an exam
counterproductive — контрпродуктив- fiction — беллетристика
ный to float — плавать (держаться на по-
to cover for smb — заменять кого-ли- верхности)
бо, исполнять чьи-либо обязанности to (be) focus(ed) (up)on smth — сосре-
crib — шпаргалка доточивать внимание на чём-либо
to cut classes: syn. to play truant, AE to GCSE = General Certificate of
play hooky/hookey — прогуливать за- Secondary Education — аттестат
нятия; truancy — прогулы о среднем образовании, аттестат
degree — степень, диплом зрелости
honours d. — диплом с отличием general impression — общее впечатление
to dive — нырять to get in — зд.: поступить куда-либо
376 Unit 46
Vocabulary notes
grade — см. mark post — пост, должность
in return for smth — в ответ на что-л. graded р. — дополнительная нагрузка
incremental — надбавка за выслугу лет problem teenager — трудный подро-
institution; syn. establishment — заве- сток
дение to put it mildly — мягко говоря
to invigilate — следить за тем, чтобы quiet — зд.: тише
экзаменуемые не пользовались шпар- read n — книга для чтения
галками quick r. — короткая (адаптирован-
invigilator BE — учитель, выполня- ная) книга
ющий эту функцию, syn. BE exam readily — охотно
watchdog, AE proctor salary — зарплата служащего; ср.:
to bе kееn on smth — интересоваться wage — зарплата рабочего
чем-л. to see for oneself — убеждаться
load — груз, нагрузка; ср. выше: to l. — senior former — старшеклассник
грузить social service support — поддержка
teaching l. — учебная нагрузка учителя социального обслуживания
mark; syn. grade, (особенно в АЕ) — staff — зд.: учителя
отметка, оценка; ср. выше: to m. отме- stripe — полоска
чать, маркировать striped — полосатый, в полоску
marking — выставление оценок to sum up — суммировать, обобщать
to meet a request — удовлетворять supply teacher — заменяющий (-ая)
просьбу, заявку учитель(ница)
numerical — цифровой, численный surface — поверхность
numerically — в числовом выражении to s. — всплывать на поверхность
objection — возражение surgery — кабинет врача
pass — зд.: проходной балл; ср. выше: to take on — брать на работу
р. — проход, пропуск, билет to tend — проявлять тенденцию
point — зд.: очко to be under way — зд.: разрабатываться
pool — прудок, лужа, бассейн well stocked library — библиотека со
swimming р. — плавательный бассейн значительным книжным фондом
es and sentences:
Ну например?; для тех, кто не особенно интересуется чтением; какие бы просьбы
у них ни возникали; Мы подробно говорили об английских школах; хорошо ос-
нащённая школа; Я попросил разрешения, и мне разрешили посетить некоторые
занятия; Я мог бы сводить вас в английскую школу, чтобы вы сами могли увидеть,
какая она; вынырнуть внутри круга; Сейчас у меня нет для этого времени; Какая
там учебная нагрузка учителей?; «Что вы там узнали?» — «Много такого, что меня
интересовало»; В чём заключался зачёт по плаванию и нырянию?; если вы заменя-
ете отсутствующего коллегу; Некоторые классы там делятся на потоки для уроков
английского, а также точных и естественных наук; когда работу можно оценить
в числовом выражении; пять с минусом; что касается прогулов, то они становятся

серьёзной проблемой; Но вернёмся к школе, которую вы посетили; обеспечить бо-
лее полный доступ; в таком большом классе; наказывать родителей за то, что они
не обеспечивают посещение детьми школы; разрабатываются планы; расширять
число услуг; будет намного труднее; Слишком уж много прогульщиков; в ответ на
помощь; мягко говоря; И тем не менее от идеи удвоения численности учеников
в классах пока не отказались; чтобы дать больше времени для подготовки; десяти-
балльная система; Тише. Идут экзамены.
1) Students were taking their test ... swimming and diving. 2) It turned ... they had setting, not
streaming. 3) You cover ... an absent colleague. 4) We have been speaking ... length ... English
schools. 5) What did the swimming and diving test consist ... ? 6) The teaching load is 25 hours ...
week. 7) Quick reads are short books ... those not particularly keen ... reading. 8) Students were to
swim … … the life belts, dive and then surface ... the belt. 9) You may see ... yourself what it is like.
10) They have lunch ... an hour. 11) Some classes are set ... English and sciences. 12) The library is
well stocked ... textbooks. 13) Some schools are more focused ... wider community needs. 14) 6 …
… 10 may mean that your student has translated 6 sentences … … 10. 15) The number ... pupils ...
class should be doubled ... 30 ... 60. 16) One way ... dealing ... it is to punish parents ... not ensuring
their children attend school. 17) Plans are ... way to reduce that ... 10%. 18) ... return ... help ... the
community, schools will now have to do more ... the community. 19) The teachers’ salaries depend
... their qualifications. 20) To get … … the school you visited. 21) The idea ... doubling class size has
not yet been given ... . 22) As ... cutting classes, that is getting to be quite a problem. 23) … 1996
and 2000 the average class size … all schools was … 28 pupils … every teacher.
1. Why didn’t Gregory accept Mike’s invitation1 to visit an English school?
2. What is the daily routine at Twynham Comprehensive school?
3. What uniforms do pupils wear there?
4. What is the teaching load at that school?
5. When can the teaching load be increased?
6. What is the average teaching load at primary and secondary schools?
7. What plans are under way to reduce the teaching load?
8. What are their drawbacks2?
9. How are school teachers paid?
10. What way was suggested of dealing with the problem of truancy3?
11. What system of marking is used in English schools?
12. What is the school library well stocked with?
13. What did the swimming and diving test consist in?
14. Where does the school get its equipment?
15. What are schools supposed to do in return for help from the community?
1
invitation — приглашение
2
drawback — недостаток
3
truancy — прогулы
378 Unit 46
SUNDAY MIRROR 31.7.2005, p.40
£50 fine
for truant parents
By RAUL GILFEATHER
The so-called “truancy tickets” nationwide patrols began three years
scheme was drawn up after new figures ago.
showed that half of all truants have Education minister Ruth Kelly be-
their parents’ blessing. lieves she can put a dent in the prob-
More than 18,000 pupils rounded lem by letting town halls hit parents
up in town centre sweeps were with with penalties.
their mothers or fathers. Only in exceptional circumstanc-
A total of 36,500 youngsters have es would children be able to stay off
been caught skipping lessons since school for up to 10 days.
A GOOD EDUCATION
The function of the English education their character — but children soon
system is to keep the children amused suspect it is rather more good for their
and to give parents freedom to be in- parents.
volved in more important activities The real public (which really means
than child minding. public) schools, the free ones run by
For those who can afford it, this the state, only keep the little darlings
is best done by sending the young off the streets for a few hours a day.
to ‘public school’ (this is a playful lit- They seem to serve no other discern-
tle English joke: public schools are in ible purpose: very little education goes
fact private schools, kept that way by on there, and that which does is largely
fees expensive enough to keep the by accident. The schools are beset by
actual public out). Here children are a lack of teachers, equipment, build-
able to board for months on end. This ings, and, indeed, pupils, who are very
is believed by parents to be good for wisely playing truant.
Schools to pursue 430,000 truants
The Department for Education has Under Labour, schools were told to
told state schools in England to iden- focus attention on pupils who miss 20 per
tify the worst offenders who miss the cent of lessons every year — 38 school
equivalent of almost 30 school days. days. Around 184,000 children currently
Figures show these pupils are sig- fall into the category. But the Coalition
nificantly less likely to read or write to is to lower the definition of “persistent
a decent standard. They are also around absentees” to identify those who miss
half as likely to gain five decent GCSEs 15 per cent of lesson time — around 29
at the age of 16 compared with other days in the typical academic year. Some
children. 430,000 pupils fall into this category.
Schools accused of truancy ‘cover-up’
By Hilary Douglas
EDUCATION EDITOR
SCHOOLS are to be forced to reveal much of their education. Latest figures
their true levels of truancy as the Gov- show that while 184,000 pupils miss 20
ernment cracks down on pupils who per cent of lessons, more than 430,000
skip lessons. miss 15 per cent a year, the equivalent
Some have been said to have been of a month extra off school each year.
hiding behind the rule that only those pu- Schools Minister Nick Gibb said: “We
pils who missed a fifth of their education know children who are absent for sub-
could be classed as persistently absent. stantial parts of their education fall behind
Now, pupils who miss just 15 per their friends and struggle to catch up. .
cent of class time will be targeted and “By changing the threshold on per-
schools forced to label them constant sistent absence, we are encouraging
skivers and include them in the new schools to crack down. We will be setting
league tables. out over the coming months stronger
Ministers say the threshold needs powers for schools to use if they wish
to be lower to tackle pupils who are to send a clear message to parents that
struggling as a result of missing too persistent absence is unacceptable.”
380 Unit 46
from OXFORD DICTIONARY OF EDUCATION
It is mandatory that all children aged that absence has been authorized by
between 6 and 16 years should receive the school (for example, in cases of
a suitable education, and to this end sickness or where some other satisfac-
parents and guardians are required tory explanation has been provided).
to ensure that this is the case for their Unauthorized absences, which include
school age children, usually (but not al- unexplained or unjustified absences,
ways) by regular attendance at a school. are closely monitored, and it is a re-
Two registers are maintained by every quirement of head teachers that they
school, with the exception of boarding inform the local authority of any pupil
schools. One is the admissions register, whose attendance is irregular or who
usually referred to as the school roll, has a continuous unauthorized absence
and the other is the attendance roll. It of ten days. The enforcement of attend-
is a requirement of head teachers that ance is usually a role carried out by the
the attendance register is taken twice local authority Welfare Services, whose
each day, once at the beginning of the personnel work closely with the school
school day and again in the afternoon. and family concerned to improve the
Pupils are marked as present, or as en- pupil’s attendance. Since 1 March 2001
gaged off-site in an educational activity parents who fail to ensure their child’s
(for example, a field trip), or as absent. attendance have been liable to a penal-
For those pupils who are absent, it must ty of up to £2500, or up to a three-month
be indicated on the register whether prison sentence, or both of these.
TRUANT TURNS MODEL STUDENT
EX-TRUANT Emma Amos, 18, whose Her mum Patricia, 45, was locked
mother became the first parent to be up in 2002 when Emma was skipping
jailed for failing to ensure her children school.
attended school, has become a model Now Emma, of Banbury, Oxon, has
student. hardly missed a day at Oxford and
Cherwell Valley College.
The essential daily briefing from THE INDEPENDENT 2.9.2011, p. 6
‘Educational underclass’ could be taken into care
By Richard Garner
EDUCATION EDITOR
Radical moves to make it easier to he said in his first speech in the wake
take children into care to avoid them of this summer’s riots. He also ordered
joining an “educational underclass” a review of sanctions against truants
of “lost souls” are being demanded and their parents.
by the Education Secretary Michael He promised to make it easier to
Gove. take children into care or be adopted
Action was necessary to stop them or fostered by parents who would have
joining gangs and ending up in prison, them “enfolded in love”.

1. For how long are some children absent?
2. How does that affect their attainment1?
3. How are their parents punished?
4. What has become of2 some former truants?
5. Why are some school age children allowed not to attend school?
6. What registers are maintained3 by every school?
7. What information is entered in the attendance register4?
8. What is done in case of unjustistified absences5?
9. Whose function is it to enforce attendance6?
10. Why do some children play truant?
11. What should be done about that?
Exercise 5. These clippings from the Daily Mirror and The Daily Telegraph deal with
the same aspects of truancy. What do the clippings have in common and where do
they differ?
1
attainment — успеваемость
2
What has become of ...? — Что вышло из ...?
3
to maintain a register — вести журнал
4
attendance register — журнал посещаемости
5
unjustified absence — отсутствие без уважительной причины
6
to enforce attendance — принимать меры для обеспечения посещаемости
382 Unit 46
KIDS WHO BUNK OFF SCHOOL FOR TERM AT A TIME

By BOB ROBERTS, Deputy Political Editor
A quarter of pupils were absent without a duty to ensure already disadvantaged
authorisation for up to a week each year, children are not making their situation
according to a study of inner city schools. worse by being able to skip school
About five per cent truanted for whenever they feel like it.”
around two weeks. But a hardcore of But the Department for Education
about one per cent went missing for an said a minority of youngsters were
entire term or more. responsible for a large proportion of
Being out of school for more than truancy cases uncovered by resear-
five weeks a year cuts a pupil’s chances chers.
of getting one good GCSE at grade С or A spokesman said: “Nearly half of all
better by 30 per cent. unauthorised absence was attributable
Tory education spokesman David to two per cent of pupils.”
Cameron said: “The Government has
REPORT HIGHLIGHTS HIGH LEVEL OF INNER-CITY TRUANCY

By Allister Hagger
A STUDY of more than 100,000 inner- chances of getting one good GCSE at
city children has found that more than grade С or better by 30 per cent.
a quarter of them skipped school for up The Department for Education and
to a week a year. The worst offenders Skills yesterday insisted that the high
were absent for up to a term or more. figures were the result of a persistent
The three-year study by the Nation- group of habitual truants.
al Foundation for Education Research A spokesman said that 3,000 more
focused on 454 secondary schools in children were in school this year than
England’s more deprived urban areas in 2004.
that have been targeted for extra gov- “The majority of incidents of unauthor-
ernment help. ised absence in the participating schools
Sixty-five per cent had no recorded in this study were accounted for by a mi-
periods of “unauthorised absence”. But nority of pupils,” the spokesman said.
more than 1,000 pupils in these schools Famous truants include the Conserva-
were truant for the equivalent of half tive leader Michael Howard, who admit-
a term every year. ted skipping classes to play snooker as
Being out of school for truanting, a child. He said: “I don’t think it’s done me
being on holiday or being sick for more any lasting damage. Nor has it made me
than five weeks a year cut a pupil’s a snooker world champion.”
Exercise 6. People may fail to come to school for an altogether different reasons. Find
out from this clipping who they are, why they refuse to come and what steps are
taken to make up for their absence.
CALL FOR MUM’S ARMY TO BEAT SCHOOLS STRIKE
By Martyn Brown
THOUSANDS of parents could help untrained people in baby-minding
keep Britain’s classrooms open if Thurs- large numbers of children, with all the
day’s mass teachers’ strikes go ahead, potential that has for accidents, for
ministers said yesterday. chaos, for poor behaviour, I think that
Education Secretary Michael Gove is a nonsense.”
wants a “mum’s army” to take over les- Ministers are due to announce the
sons. Headteachers have written to reforms today to attract brighter grad-
parents urging them to do so. uates and raise standards amid fears
Up to 750,000 teachers, lecturers state schools are lagging behind those
and other public sector workers are to in other countries.
strike over pension changes. Postgraduates with first-class de-
Mr Gove said the Government was grees are expected to be given the tax-
doing everything possible to keep free bursaries to teach maths, physics
schools open despite the “militancy”. and chemistry.
If they have been vetted by the Candidates could get £13,000 if
Criminal Records Bureau, parents could they take other less popular lessons
take over classes. But Mary Bousted of such as languages and IT and £9,000 to
the Association of Teachers and Lectur- teach other secondary subjects and to
ers, said: “The idea that you can have work in primary schools.
Exercise 7. The following clippings deal with the problem of discipline. Read and
translate them (use a dictionary where necessary).
Two-thirds of parents say that caning should

be reinstated in schools to crack down on
rising yob culture, an education survey re-
veals.
384 Unit 46
188,000 PUPIL EXCLUSIONS ‘AN IMPROVEMENT’

By Jon Swaine
CHILDREN were suspended from ening behaviour, a fall of 7.6 per
school for attacking teachers and class- cent.
mates almost 90,000 times last year, of- Dawn Primarolo, the Children’s Min-
ficial figures show. ister, said: “It is positive to see the rate of
A further 98,000 suspensions exclusions decreasing indicating that be-
were given for verbal abuse or threat- haviour in our schools is getting better.”
DAILY MAIL 24.6.2008, p. 59
PUPILS FAIL THEMSELVES
AS A secondary school teacher, I face their jobs by the appalling behaviour of

daily abuse, being used as target practice their pupils.
for all manner of missiles including rulers, When will the world wake up to the
pencils, paper planes and, on occasion, fact that there is no such thing as a ‘fail-
chairs. I’m regularly sworn and spat at. ing school’ — only pupils hell-bent on
Legions of good, dedicated teach- failing themselves?
ers in Britain are prevented from doing Mrs C. DUFFIELD, Redcar.
SCHOOL ‘CONTRACTS’ FOR ALL
By Graeme Paton Education Editor

ALL parents will be forced to sign “con- Agreements (HSA) — already in use for
tracts” promising that their children will unruly children — will also establish par-
behave at school, the Government said ents’ responsibilities for the first time.
yesterday. They face court action and pos-
Pupils and their families will be re- sible fines of up to £1,000 for repeat-
quired to agree to the deal, setting out edly breaking rules. The contracts will
minimum standards of behaviour and become compulsory in all English state
attendance, before the start of term. schools under plans laid out in a gov-
Contracts, known as Home School ernment White Paper.
Exclusion
The banning of a pupil from attending Pupils who have been excluded
school, either temporarily (up to fifteen from secondary schools may be provid-
school days) or permanently. Behaviour ed by their local authority with a place
for which pupils may be permanently in a pupil referral unit, where they can
excluded includes bullying, carrying continue full-time with their educa-
weapons, acts of violence, supplying tion, although this will not necessarily
drugs, sexual misconduct, and persis- include full coverage of the national
tent non-compliance. curriculum.
AT LAST… TEACHERS CAN USE FORCE ON YOB PUPILS AGAIN

By Macer Hall
Political Editor
After years of rising classroom violence ing false accusations made by lying
and disorder under Labour, education pupils.
ministers are to make it clear that dis- Teachers subject to allegations will
ruptive yobs can be forcibly ejected get anonymity unless they are charged
from lessons. with an offence. The move is designed
School staff will be given sweeping to stop youngsters smearing the repu-
powers to search children for knives, tations of teachers with unfounded al-
drugs or other prohibited items. legations.
Schools Minister Nick Gibb will an- A source at the Department for
nounce that the Department for Educa- Education said: “The whole purpose of
tion is to redraft guidance to teachers these measures is to shift the balance
to make clear that they “can physically
of power in classrooms back towards
remove disruptive children from class
the teacher.”
and prevent them from leaving a room
in situations where this is necessary to The measures are bound to be wel-
maintain discipline”. comed by millions of parents increas-
Ministers will make clear to the ingly exasperated by growing indisci-
courts and school watchdogs that pline in schools under Labour.
teachers are entitled to use reasonable Figures recently showed there are
force to maintain order and safeguard more than 200,000 suspensions from
other youngsters from harm. state schools a year for offences includ-
Mr Gibb will also announce that the ing sexual abuse, assault and actual or
rights of teachers to search youngsters threatened violence.
are to be significantly widened. More than 300 pupils are temporar-
And the minister will announce ily excluded from school for attacks on
new protection for staff from damag- classmates every day.
386 Unit 46
SCHOOLS BAR PUPILS 360,000 TIMES IN YEAR
By Graeme Paton
CHILDREN were suspended from quirement for 24 hours’ written notice
schools more than 360,000 times in of detentions.
a year, prompting warnings that class- Nick Gibb, the schools minister,
room behaviour remains a “significant said: “Poor behaviour remains a signifi-
problem”. cant problem.”
Pupils were barred temporarily According to the figures, children
86,000 times for attacking teachers and were suspended 363,280 times last
classmates, and 3,440 times for sexual year — equivalent to almost 4.9 per
misconduct. cent of the school population. In pri-
Large numbers of very young chil- mary schools, there were 39,510 sus-
dren were excluded. Some 4,000 aged pensions.
five or under were suspended in 2008- The average was for two and a half
09, with a further 70 expelled altogether. days and boys were three times more
The Coalition has promised to give likely to be punished. In all, 6,550 pupils
teachers new powers to retain “control were also permanently expelled, com-
of the classroom”. It has ended a re- pared with 8,130 a year earlier.
THE ROD HAS BEEN SPARED FOR FAR TOO LONG
ANDREW CUNNINGHAM
Allowing teachers even the lightest use “reasonable force” to control unruly
touch of physical force will improve pupils.
discipline. Even the most knowledgeable teach-
Shockingly, nearly 1,000 pupils in er in the world is useless if he or she can-
England are suspended for serious dis- not control classes. All that expertise is
order every school day. Bad behaviour wasted if pupils aren’t listening.
in schools is a problem that has never Under these new guidelines, teach-
been tackled. Now, at last, the Govern- ers will be able to use sensible physical
ment is trying to do something about force to discipline them and help stop
it, by giving teachers more powers to fights and injuries in the process.
THE ROD HAS BEEN SPARED FOR FAR TOO LONG

(continued)
It’s not all about restraint, either. I would certainly have welcomed these
A more important part of our job is to new “reasonable force” guidelines then.
encourage children. Teachers need the The warning signs seem small at first
right to comfort pupils: a kindly arm and easy to ignore: questions shouted
around the shoulder works wonders out in class, constant interruptions, con-
when a child is depressed. stant chattering to other children. But
Too often, the “no touch” policy, they can quickly degenerate into a hell-
endorsed under Labour, whereby all hole, where three or four loudmouths
physical contact is banned, has stopped are ruining the education of 20 others.
teachers from doing their jobs properly, There’s no doubt in my mind that had
afraid of the inevitable accusations. Now I been able to take hold of one of these
at last, this policy too will be ended. loudmouths when I was struggling to
Reasonable force must, of course, keep order and physically remove him
always be a last resort. But at least from my classroom, life would have been
the would-be yobs will know it can be so much easier. As it was, the worst of-
used. The more powers teachers have fender simply refused to budge when he
in their limited arsenal, the more confi- was “sent out”. And with the words of my
dent they will be in keeping order. then head of department ringing in my
In some schools, it’s all too easy to ears — “Whatever you do, don’t touch
lose control in the classroom, especially them” — I felt powerless.
when you’re new. New teachers need There will be those who carp and
all the support they can get and these criticise (“What exactly is reasonable
guidelines will give them much more be- force?”), but these latest guidelines on
lief in their own ability to do the job well. the sensible use of physical restraint to
Teenagers, in particular, are quick to help create structured, ordered class-
sense what teachers can and cannot do. rooms should be welcomed: full marks
In fact, there has been a trend of chil-
to the Government for setting out such
dren spouting their rights at teachers,
even whilst misbehaving, emboldened guidance clearly and concisely.
by the fact that they know Sir or Miss No one wants a return to the bad
can do very little physically to restrain old days of canes and beatings, but
them, for fear of being suspended teachers must have the right to use
(“You can’t touch me, Sir — my dad will reasonable restraint as a last resort. The
be straight on to the head!”). A small alternative — thousands more suspen-
minority of parents have been all too sions, thousands more failing pupils —
ready to criticise and even sue teachers is a far more frightening prospect.
for trying to do their jobs properly.
To my own lasting shame, early in Dr Andrew Cunningham has taught
my career I lost control of a class and English in various schools for 20 years.
388 Unit 46
THE DAILY TELEGRAPH 11.7.2011, pp. 1,2
TEACHERS TOLD TO USE FORCE

TO RESTRAIN UNRULY PUPILS
By Graeme Paton, Education Editor

Staff in England should use “reason- • Punish pupils for misbehaviour and
able” measures to remove disruptive bullying committed outside school,
children from classrooms, break up including at evenings and weekends.
fights and stop pupils attacking other • Search pupils’ clothing, bags and lock-
teachers or classmates. ers for drugs, alcohol, weapons and
Some schools currently impose “no stolen goods without their consent.
contact” policies to avoid being sued Staff should “always try to avoid act-
by parents after children are gripped or ing in a way that might cause injury,
held by staff. but in extreme cases it may not always
But the new guidance explicitly be possible to avoid injuring the pupil”,
bans such policies. the document says. Physical force can
According to figures, major assaults be used to break up fights, stop chil-
on staff reached a five-year high in dren attacking classmates or teachers
2010, with 44 being taken to hospital and to remove disruptive children from
with serious injuries. class. Schools do not need parents’ per-
Almost 1,000 children are suspend- mission to use force and must not au-
ed from school for abuse and assault tomatically suspend staff who are ac-
every day, and two-thirds of teachers cused of using excessive force against
admit bad behaviour is driving fellow children, says the guidance.
professionals out of the classroom. In a further conclusion, it makes clear
New guidance is intended to out- staff can also make physical contact in
line the tactics staff can use to control other circumstances, such as holding
disruptive pupils. children’s hands, comforting distressed
The guidelines are intended to be pupils or demonstrating sports tech-
used by more than 21,000 state schools niques during PE without fear of being
in England. Under the rules, schools accused of inappropriate conduct.
should: The Government also said it was
• Consider calling in police to pros- legislating to give accused staff full
ecute pupils who make serious false anonymity — until cases reach court —
allegations against staff. to ensure false allegations do not stain
• Resolve the vast majority of accusa- teachers’ careers. It also wants to re-
tions made by pupils within a month move the legal requirement on schools
and ensure unfounded claims are not to give parents 24 hours’ notice of de-
included on teachers’ records. tentions.
THE FIRM HAND DENIED

TO TEACHERS FOR TOO LONG
Last November’s White Paper on edu- teachers to take the action necessary
cation, The Importance of Teaching, to curb unruly and violent pupils. It
promised action to strengthen disci- insists that schools should not have a
pline by lifting some of the politically “no touch” policy, not least because it is
correct inhibitions on teachers’ ability often necessary to touch a child when
to keep order in the classroom. Such dealing with accidents or illness, or
a move was long overdue. According when teaching a musical instrument.
to the Department for Education, al- It spells out that teachers have legal
most 1,000 children are suspended power to use “reasonable force” to re-
from school for abuse and assault move a pupil who is disrupting a les-
every school day. Last year, 44 teach- son or to prevent a child from leaving
ers were taken to hospital with seri- a classroom without permission. The
ous injuries after being assaulted by guidance also says that heads have
pupils — a five-year high. One teacher the power to discipline pupils outside
in every four has had false allega- school premises and outside school
tions made against them by pupils. hours.
Unsurprisingly, two thirds of teachers The new document is equally ro-
say this level of intimidation is driv- bust in dealing with the pernicious
ing many of them out of the profes- spreading of malicious allegations
sion. And the disruptive impact of against teachers. Heads will have the
such behaviour on other pupils is power to exclude pupils who make
immense. such allegations and even to call in the
Today the Coalition makes good police if they believe a criminal offence
its promise by publishing new guid- has been committed. Schools should
ance for teachers on classroom disci- not automatically suspend teachers ac-
pline. The previous document ran to cused of using unreasonable force. It
600 pages: the new guidance com- also says that the vast majority of such
prises just 52. With a declared aim of allegations should be resolved within
unequivocally restoring adult author- a month; at the moment, they can drag
ity to the classroom, it finally frees on for years.
390 Unit 46
SUNDAY EXPRESS 17.7.2011, pp. 29, 46
TOP MARKS FOR RULING

WHICH GIVES SCHOOLS POWER TO PUNISH
When I was at school, arguing with rules and an unhealthy obsession with
a teacher was rare and violence against “children’s rights”.
teachers almost unheard of. A reprimand The Government has issued new
for bad behaviour at school was often fol- guidelines aimed at restoring teachers’
lowed by a clout round the ear at home. authority. From September Labour’s
Today attitudes have changed and “no touch” policy which banned physi-
many will think not for the better. Lack- cal contact between teachers and pu-
ing any parental discipline at home, pupils will end. Teachers will have legal
pils told off for disruptive behaviour in powers to use reasonable force to re-
class are likely to reach for their mobile move disruptive pupils and prevent
phones and summon thuggish parents pupils leaving a classroom without
to threaten the teacher. permission. Head teachers will be able
Data disclosed under the Freedom to expel pupils who spread false, mali-
of Information laws shows 12,688 acts cious allegations against teachers and
of extreme violence (either Actual or to call in police if they believe a crimi-
Grievous Bodily Harm) were recorded in nal offence has been committed.
schools across England last year. Accord- Our schools are increasingly turning
ing to the Department for Education, into battlegrounds as it is revealed the
almost 1,000 pupils, some as young as number of pupils excluded for violence
five, are suspended from schools in Eng- is up, along with the number of as-
land for abuse or assaults on teachers saults on staff. The figures have reached
every (school) day. Last year 44 teach- a five-year high and Education Secre-
ers were taken to hospital with serious tary Michael Gove, one of the brighter
injuries after being assaulted by pupils, pupils in the coalition classroom, has
the highest number for five years. One in promised a crackdown.
four teachers has had false accusations In a prime example of the lunacy of
made against them by their charges. the last Labour administration, it was
Dr Aric Sigman of the Royal Society of revealed that their guidance manual
Medicine, says the age at which children for teachers on dealing with violence in
are violent and disrespectful to their par- schools ran to 600 pages. Although the
ents and swearing and throwing chairs at Tories should hardly be lauded for trim-
their teachers, is coming down to nursery ming it down to 52.
level. Experts rightly blame the decline in I can reduce that a little more. To
respect for authority on parents neglect- five words, to be precise.
ing to lay down clear boundaries and “Violence is not tolerated. Ever.”
SCHOOLS SUSPEND 900 ABUSIVE PUPILS A DAY
By Martyn Brown
SCHOOLS kick out almost 900 violent There were 82,600 suspensions for
and foul-mouthed pupils every day for verbal abuse or threatening behaviour
attacking teachers and classmates, fig- against a pupil or adult, and 3,900 for
ures revealed yesterday. racist abuse.
Of these, an average 65 children Primary schoolchildren were ex-
a week are permanently expelled. pelled 270 times for physical violence
The shocking statistics for 2009-10, and secondary school pupils were ex-
published by the Department of Edu- pelled on 1,250 occasions.
cation, lay bare the extent of bad be- Schools Minister Nick Gibb said:
haviour in England’s schools. “With thousands of pupils being ex-
In total, schoolchildren were sus- cluded for persistent disruption and
pended on 166,900 occasions for as- violent or abusive behaviour we re-
sault or abuse — the same as 878 main concerned that weak discipline
pupils a day. Pupils were expelled on remains a significant problem in too
2,460 occasions. many of our schools and classrooms.
Across all of England’s primary, sec- “We have already introduced a se-
ondary and special schools, boys were ries of measures to put head teachers
four times more likely to be expelled and teachers back in control of the
than girls, with boys accounting for 78 classroom — including clearer guid-
per cent of permanent exclusions. ance and increased search powers.
The suspension rate was also al- “Through the Education Bill we are in-
most three times higher for boys than troducing further measures to strength-
for girls, with boys accounting for 75 en teacher authority and support schools
per cent of all temporary exclusions. in maintaining good behaviour.”
The numbers show that in England’s Sara Gadzik, spokeswoman for the
primary schools alone 120 pupils were Association for School and College
suspended every day for abuse or as- Leaders, said: “The figures prove that
sault while in secondaries 713 students schools are already tough on discipline
a day were ordered out of class. and that poor behaviour is not toler-
But the new figures reveal that chil- ated in classrooms.
dren were suspended on 80,400 occa- “Pupils who disrupt the learning of
sions alone for physically assaulting an their classmates are dealt with firmly
adult — including teachers, teaching and in many cases a short suspension is
assistants and others in the school — an effective way of nipping bad behav-
or a classmate. iour in the bud.”
392 Unit 46

1. What did secondary school teacher complain about?
2. What contracts will parents be forced to sign?
3. What are teachers permitted to do with disruptive yobs?
4. What new powers will school staff be given?
5. How are teachers to be protected?
6. What proportion of parents want corporal punishment to be reinstated in schools?
7. How many times were children suspended from schools in a year?
8. How do schools reduce suspensions?
9. For how long can a pupil be excluded?
10. What may pupils be excluded for?
11. What may happen to pupils who have been excluded?
12. How many pupils were permanently expelled in 2008-09?
13. How many are expelled every day?
14. Do you remember, when you were a pupil, any cases of pupils being unruly, calling
other children names1, being excluded from school or having to shift school2?
Exercise 8. The Daily Telegraph and the Daily Express discuss the same issue. Whose
presentation do you like better and why?
TEACHERS ‘NEED SHINPADS’ FOR VIOLENT PUPILS
By Daily Telegraph Reporter

SCHOOL staff should be given shinpads should not fear going into work wor-
to deal with more than 800 pupils ex- rying whether they will get bitten or
cluded every day for physical and ver- kicked or verbally abused by pupils.
bal attacks on them, a union says. “If a school knows of a particularly
More than 150,000 youths a year are unruly pupil who is prone to lash out,
being expelled for intimidation, abuse, then why shouldn’t the teachers be
kicking, punching and even biting, De- provided with shinpads?”
partment for Education figures reveal. A total of 156,320 pupils were ex-
Sharon Holder, of the GMB union cluded permanently or suspended in
which represents school support staff, the 2009-10 academic year for attacks
said physical assaults were happening on school staff, which encompasses
“day in and day out”. She said: “Staff teachers, support staff and dinner ladies.
1
to call smb names — обзываться
2
to shift school — сменить школу, перейти в другую школу (ср. выше: transfer — перевод
в другую школу), syn. to move schools
PROTECT OUR TEACHERS

WITH SHIN GUARDS, SAYS UNION
TEACHERS should be given shin guards they will get bitten or kicked or verbally
to protect them from violent pupils, abused by pupils.
union bosses demanded yesterday. “Teachers and teaching assistants
More than 800 pupils are excluded should be provided with protective
every day for physical and verbal attacks gear. If a school knows of a particularly
on staff, according to official figures. unruly pupil who is prone to lash out,
They include abuse, intimidation, kick- then why shouldn’t teachers be provid-
ing, punching and even biting teachers. ed with shin pads?”
Sharon Holder, of the GMB which A total of 156,320 pupils were ex-
represents school support staff, said cluded permanently or suspended
physical assaults were happening “day- during the 2009-10 academic year for
in and day-out”. attacks on school staff, which encom-
She added: “Staff should not fear passes teachers, support staff and din-
going into work, worrying whether ner ladies.
Exercise 9. These clippings deal with the same problem of discipline. What points
raised by the Daily Mirror are overlooked by The Sun?
THE SUN 26.7.2012, p. 2
PUPIL AXE TOLL SOARS
A staggering 89 pupils are kicked out of And 7,830 were given a “fixed term
primary schools for attacking teachers expulsion” for attacking a member of
and classrooms every day. staff — 600 more than in 2009-10, De-
In 2010-11, 9,160 of the kids aged partment of Education figures show.
five to 11 were suspended for assault- But overall, the number of pupils
ing another child — up from 9,030 the axed from school has fallen.
year before.
394 Unit 46
CLASS WARS
By Marl Ellis, Education Correspondent

As many as 89 five to 11-year-olds were early to support the whole family is the
banned from classes for physical and most effective approach.
verbal violence every school day last “Expulsion should only be used as
year, Department for Education statis- a last resort.”
tics revealed yesterday. The figures show there have been
A total of 850 children of all ages fewer suspensions and permanent ex-
were suspended each day in England clusions of children overall.
and Wales. But charities say it is the Primary, secondary and special
wrong soultion. school pupils were suspended 161,540
Barnardo’s chief Anne Marie Car- times last year for violence, an average
rie said: “Even badly behaved children of 850 a day.
deserve education and exclusion from Primary pupils were excluded 9,160
mainstream education doesn’t deal times last year for assaulting other kids,
with the underlying issues. up from 9,030 in 2009/10. And 7,830
“Children who act violently are of- were suspended for attacking staff
ten facing problems at home and expe- compared to 7,230 in 2009/10.
rience has taught us that intervening
THE SUN 25.8.2005, p. 47
I DON’T THINK MY A-LEVELS WERE TOO EASY,

BUT IT IS TOO EASY TO PICK UP MARKS
In some cases getting just 60 per cent wrong, whereas Ronnie Revision scores
of the available marks per essay gets 100 per cent in an exam — and gets the
you an A-grade. same grade as the slacker.
Johnny Slack-off breezes through, It’s plain daft.
getting 40 per cent of everything JAMIE HUNN
GCSE EXAMINERS ARE TOLD:

GO EASY
GCSE examiners have been told impossible to fail” as questions rely

by “desperate” education chiefs to more on common sense than know-
grade this year’s papers gently, it is ledge.
claimed. Professor Alan Smithers, of Buck-
A maths teacher who works as ingham University, said: “The Govern-
a marker told the Sunday Express: ment judges itself by the improve-
“It was made very clear to me that ment in GCSE results. There may not
С grades were more acceptable than be direct pressure from the Education
D grades and that any time a student Department but an implied expec-
even starts off in the right direction, tation could affect the judgment of
they were to be rewarded. markers.”
My fellow markers say the same has Sir Anthony Seldon, headmaster
been said to them, across the range of of Wellington College in Berkshire,
subjects.” is replacing GCSEs with the Interna-
Since the exam was launched 20 tional Baccalaureate Middle Years Pro-
years ago the proportion of pupils gramme — taught in 138 countries.
gaining top grades has gone up from He said: “The GCSE exams are split
8.6 per cent to 19.5 per cent. Maths is into ever smaller modules which break
even taught in two tiers, with an easier up the ability to teach properly. There is
exam for the less able. no room for the pupils to develop indi-
Last year saw record GCSE results, vidual responses and be encouraged to
with one in five entrants getting top think independently.
marks and nearly 65 per cent achieving “The Middle Years Programme re-
grades A* to C. wards original response, imagination
Teachers have admitted that the and is not just looking for the automat-
sciences have now become “almost ic tick box.”
396 Unit 46
HOW RAW EXAM MARKS ARE COOKED
BEFORE we all embark on the annual required for each grade, the examiners
ritual of GCSE and А-level bashing, it then convert candidates’“raw” marks to
would be helpful to know how many a “uniform mark scale” (UMS), on which
marks are required to achieve each (at A-level) 80-100 is an A, 70-79 a B, 60-
grade and whether that’s decided be- 69 a C, 50-59 a D and 40-49 an E.
fore or after the exams have been taken. One problem, as the grade-fixing
The grade boundaries are set after scandal of 2002 showed, is that the
the papers have been marked and af- system is wide open to manipulation,
ter the examiners have compared this allowing the examiners to achieve al-
year’s work with previous years’ and most any outcome they please. Far
considered the statistical consequenc- more serious, in my view, is their ten-
es of their decisions. That may seem dency to give borderline candidates
odd but, despite the examiners’ best the benefit of the doubt. That is what
endeavours, the difficulty of papers produces the grade inflation of one or
varies from one year to the next, and two per cent a year which, cumulative-
the differences have to be smoothed ly, so undermines public confidence in
out. Having decided the range of marks GCSE and A-level.
THE SUN 23.8.2005, p. 6
PASSES FOR ALL ARE A FAILURE
ON Thursday almost every 16-year-old a prize than to encourage our brightest

will learn they have bagged a nice col- to excel.
lection of GCSEs. While booming China and India see
It looks like a major breakthrough in education as the key to the future, we
grey cell development. have devalued A-levels and GCSEs.
So why are so many unable to read Firms know the difference between
or write properly? The answer is that those who can read, write and count —
successive governments have caved in and those with passes in media studies
to a destructive New Age view that fail- or PE.
ure is not an option. Universities can tell when they are be-
So-called experts argue it is better ing fobbed off with students who know
to drop standards and give everyone little more than how to pass an exam.
GCSE PAPERS MARKED BY SECRETARIES

Edexcel Admits Using Clerical Staff
By ROSA PRINCE, Political Correspondent

BUNGLING examination board Edexcel general secretary of the National Un-
confirmed yesterday that secretaries ion of Teachers, added: “It’s not reason-
had helped to mark GCSE papers. able to expect people who don’t have
The board, one of the three main appropriate qualifications and train-
exam bodies in England, said graduate ing to take such a role.” But an Edexcel
staff in clerical posts were used to mark spokeswoman insisted the secretarial
religious education papers because staff were qualified and held relevant
they had failed to recruit enough quali- degrees.
fied teachers. Until Edexcel changed their rules
There were already accusations ear- three years ago, all exam markers had
lier this week that school leavers were to be qualified teachers with two year’s
passing GCSEs despite poor literacy classroom experience.
and numeracy. One senior examiner, It is the latest in a series of fiascos
who did not want to be named, told at Edexcel. Hundreds of schools com-
a national newspaper: “I’m concerned plained in 2002 that candidates who
for the candidates who sat these pa- were expected to do well had failed. It
pers and I’m outraged it’s being done led to the resignation of then-Educa-
in a secretive manner.” Steve Sinnott, tion Secretary Estelle Morris.
A* GRADES DON’T MEAN EXCELLENCE
RECORD numbers are set to score A* at An A* is worth having only if it

A level which is another way of saying means that one is truly distinguished
that record numbers are set to be de- and has attained a level beyond most
ceived about their abilities. of one’s peers. If it becomes the norm
then it also becomes meaningless.
398 Unit 46
CHEATING TEACHERS
GAVE PUPILS SATS TEST ANSWERS
By Jon Swaine
SCHOOL pupils were disqualified from suspended for giving answers to year
last year’s national tests because their 6 pupils.
teachers gave them the answers or When one of the teachers was inter-
even completed the exams for them. viewed he accepted that his “prompt-
In all, more than 250 pupils had Sats ing was ill-considered”. In another se-
test results annulled because of cheat- rious case, a marker raised the alarm
ing by teachers or bungled handling of because of fears that pupils’ exam pa-
exams, official figures show. In some pers had been completed by two differ-
cases, children were accidentally given ent people.
too much time to complete the tests, They were sent off for forensic ex-
while in others they were deliberately amination and the report said there was
coached during the exam. “strong or very strong evidence of an-
The Sats exams, which are used swers not being completed by pupils”.
to draw up school league tables, are Nick Gibb, the shadow schools min-
taken by pupils in England at the age ister, said: “It’s a very serious matter if
of 11 and 14. The Government has an- there have been deliberate attempts to
nounced that the tests for 14-year-olds cheat the test.”
are to be scrapped. But the National Association of
Allegations of cheating and mal- Head Teachers said the incidents only
practice were upheld at nine schools. related to a very small proportion of
In the worst case, two teachers were pupils who took the tests.
CLOUD OVER LEADING SCHOOL
A comprehensive school praised by anonymous allegations of malpractice

Prime Minister David Cameron as “bril- at Kingsdale Foundation School in Dul-
liant” was under investigation yester- wich, south-east London. Six whistle-
day over allegations of exam cheating. blowers are understood to have com-
Three exam boards are looking into plained.
THE PEOPLE 21.8.2005, p. 8
А-LEVEL KIDS MUST GO BACK TO BASICS

IT’S results time again. A-level students Our teachers are doing a great job
had yet another record year as their and working harder than ever to cre-
grades rocketed to a new high last week. ate a skilled workforce. But too many
And this week it is the turn of youngsters are being awarded the
600,000 teenagers who face a nail-bit- highest exam grades.
ing wait for their GCSE exam results. It makes it almost impossible for
But not everyone is happy. British businesses and colleges to select the
businesses have chosen today to com- truly talented or the best candidate for
plain that many school leavers do not the job.
possess the basic skills — despite their Exams should be a vital yardstick to
soaraway grades. help channel youngsters into a career
Almost half of the firms quizzed said best suited to their skills and help boss-
they believed teenagers had not even es choose the right person. If everyone
mastered the “three Rs” — reading, gets straight “A”s, exams will rapidly be-
writing and arithmetic. come pointless.
ONE IN FOUR GCSEs ‘WILL BE AN A GRADE’
By Sarah O’Grady Social Affairs Correspondent

NEARLY a quarter of GCSE entries could He added that the percentage
be awarded at least an A grade in what achieving at least an A grade could
is expected to be another record year nudge up to 23 per cent.
of results, it was predicted yesterday. In 2010, 22.6 per cent of exams
Around one in 12 exams could score got an A or A*, while 7.5 per cent were
a coveted A*, an education expert sug- awarded an A*.
gested. Dr Mary Bousted, general secretary
Last summer the pass rate rose for the of the Association of Teachers and Lec-
23rd year in a row, with 69.1 per cent of turers, said: “The pressure on schools
entries achieving at least a С grade. Pro- and teachers of the league tables has
fessor Alan Smithers, of the Centre for already led to too much teaching focus-
Education and Employment Research at ing on getting pupils through exams.
Buckingham University, suggested that “The Government’s intention to de-
this could reach 70 per cent this year. value and limit vocational qualifications
And the proportions of exams earn- in future league tables will tie schools’
ing top grades could rise slightly, he hands and push many young people
forecast. into qualifications that don’t allow them
to develop their talents and excel.”
400 Unit 46

1. What have GCSE examiners been told by education chiefs?
2. How were D grades to be improved?
3. How have top grades gone up in 20 years?
4. How did marks improve in 2008?
5. What affects the judgment of markers?
6. What alternative to GCSEs was suggested?
7. How are criteria for marks worked out?
8. What are the main drawbacks of the system?
9. What new criteria are recommended?
10. How many 14-year-olds were disqualified from 2008 national tests?
11. Why?
12. What allegations of cheating and malpractice were there?
13. Were the results of test malpractice made public?
14. In what ways can a 100 per cent pass rate1 be achieved?
15. Could you cite a few examples2 of windowdressing3?
Exercise 11. Have a look at the picture and say why the girl is shouting.
Vocabulary notes
to shout — кричать
ten out of ten — десять из десяти (наивысший балл)
1
100 per cent pass rate — стопроцентная успешная сдача экзаменов
2
to cite an example — привести пример
3
windowdressing — очковтирательство, «показуха»
— A nice sort of welcome! — said the father visiting his son at boarding school. — I am
hardly out of the train when you ask me for money.
— Well, Dad, you must admit the train was 20 minutes late.
***
Teacher (to tardy student): Why are you late?
Bobby: Well, a sign down here —
Teacher: Well, what has a sign got to do with it?
Bobby: The sign said: ‘School ahead; go slow’.
— Look at it this way. By staying away from school, we’re

helping to ease the problem of overcrowded classrooms.
Vocabulary notes
A nice sort of welcome! — Хорошень- overcrowded — переполненный
кая встреча! School ahead; go slow — Впереди шко-
boarding school — школа-интернат ла; сбавьте скорость
to ease — облегчать to stay away from school — не ходить
to have got to do with smth — иметь в школу
отношение к чему-либо tardy — опоздавший
47
402 Chapter 10 Unit
Further education
Dialogue
Gregory: What is the statutory school-leaving age now?
Mike: 16. A national curriculum was introduced in 1998, consisting of two key stages,
for ages 5—7, 8—11, 11—14, and 14—161, at the end of which pupils are assessed. At the
end of Key Stage 4, the assessment for students in England, Northern Ireland, and Wales
takes the form of General Certificate оf Secondary Education (GCSE) examinations (for-
merly known as “О-level”). They must take examinations in subjects such as English and
maths, but can choose the other subjects that they study, GCSE subjects include voca-
tional subjects that prepare for specific careers. The GCSE examinations involve a final
examination as well as continuous assessment — a way of judging a student’s level of
achievement by looking at their coursework (work that they do during the course). The
marks students get in their examinations help them decide which subjects to study for
А-level (Advanced level) examinations needed for university entrance2.
G.: What post-secondary education is there?
M.: Post-secondary education comprises further education and higher education. Edu-
cation and Skills Act 2008 requires young people to remain in education or training up
to the age of 18. That is further education. After 18, education is non-statutory (optional,
not compulsory). That is higher education. Almost 75% of children go on to further edu-
cation and 44% — to higher education.
G.: What is the purpose of further education?
M.: It is either vocational education and skills training or preparation for higher educa-
tion. In the latter case, it is following the A-level curriculum, which is now divided into
two stages. During the first year, candidates are encouraged to choose four or five sub-
jects to study at Advanced Supplementary level (AS-level), and to narrow their choice
down to two or three in their second year, following the assessment of their achievement
at AS-level. The final assessment is now known as A2, to distinguish it from the AS stage
of the curriculum. But you can choose not to continue into A2, and therefore instead of
a GCSE A2 receive only a GCSE AS.
The very best students achieve A*grade at A-level. Thus A-level students are graded on
a six-point scale (A*, A, B, C, D, E). There are Advanced Extension Awards (AEA) aimed
1
Education for 16–19-years-olds is sometimes referred to unofficially as ‘Key Stage 5’, although in
reality schooling for this age group falls outside the bounds of the national curriculum.
2
Действие вступления или вхождения может передаваться существительными entrance
и entry. Entrance употребляется в основном, когда говорится о церемонии или совершении
действия, а также о праве на него. Ср.: to make an entrance onto the stage — выходить на
сцену; entrance examination — вступительный экзамен; Britain’s entry into the EEC — всту-
пление Великобритании в Европейское Экономическое Сообщество; No entry — Въезд вос-
прещен.
Further education 403
at the most able 10 per cent of A-level students and designed to encourage a critical and
analytical approach to the study of a subject. They require the student to study in depth,
and are available in a more restricted range of subjects than the standard A-level1.
G.: What forms of education are there for those who want to study for General Certificate
of Education Advanced Levels (A-levels)?
M.: They can stay on at school for years 12 and 13 (the so-called ‘upper school’) or go to
a college.
G.: What colleges provide further education?
M.: There are Colleges of Further Education (general, vocational and technical). Day-
release courses are provided there for those who work. The employer is obliged to let
them attend classes, say, one day a week. And they are paid, although not working. The
term ‘day release’ is now less frequently used, having been replaced by the expression ‘off-
the-job training’. This often takes the form of apprenticeship2. Besides, to do one’s А-level
for entrance to a university, further education is provided for the 16 to 19 age group in
tertiary colleges. Alternatively, they can go for two years to a Sixth Form College.
G.: I hear that ‘forms’ in British schools were replaced by ‘years’. Yet you said ‘Six Form
College’.
M.: That’s the only case where the word ‘form’ survived.
G.: But why ‘Sixth’?
M.: In the secondary school, at the age of 11 pupils were in the 1st form. When they were
16, they were in the 5th form. Those who stayed on after 16 were in the 6th form which was
subdivided into the lower VI (for those aged 17), the upper VI (for those aged 18), and
sometimes there was a senior VI (for those aged 18 or 19, preparing them for Oxbridge
entrance exams). The lower VI and the upper VI still exist, although the word ‘form’ is
no longer added. A Sixth Form College is so called because it is an alternative to the sixth
form at school.
G.: Which system is preferable, to stay on at school for two more years or to go to a Sixth
Form College?
М.: I, for one, favour the second method. The point is that classes in Comprehensive
Schools after the age of 16 become very small (sometimes 2 students), but the Local
(Education) Authority has to take a teacher on a timetable. It’s economically better to
pool the students together in Sixth Form Colleges or tertiary colleges. Besides, it is
1
By making it possible to identify outstanding students, the AEA was intended to make it
unnecessary for universities to develop their own entrance examinations as a response to the
increasing number of applicants with good A-level results.
2
As an apprentice you will be employed to undertake education and training within a company
that prepares you for progression within your chosen career. You learn as you work. This usually
means you will go to a Further Education College and/or Training Centre for a day a week or for
longer periods called block release. This, combined with training in-the-job in the company, provides
the skills and knowledge that you will use in your future career. Apprentices get paid throughout their
apprenticeship and how much will depend on the company you work for, but you can expect around
£80-£100+ per week to start with and this will increase throughout your apprenticeship to whatever
the skilled job rate is that you are training for.
Modern Apprenticeships in the engineering industry enable you to progress as quickly as you are
able. They usually take between 3–4 years to complete, depending upon your ability and the nature
of the apprenticeship.
404 Unit 47
psychologically better to study in an adult atmosphere. Students are treated like respon-
sible persons, like adults, there is no regimented atmosphere, no uniforms, no unneces-
sary supervision. Students come to the classes only. The rest of the time they are free. The
Sixth Form College caters for all subjects. Teaching is more specialized and analytical.
There is a lot of emphasis made on individual research, on writing essays. It’s preparation
for university education.
G.: Is further education free?
M.: It is, whether it takes place in schools or colleges. The government provides some
financial support in the form of Educational Maintenance Allowances to encourage stu-
dents to stay in education and gain qualifications.
Vocabulary notes
achievement — достижение, результат coursework — текущая учебная работа
alternatively — или же to design [dzan] — зд.: предназначать
applicant — поступающий economically — экономически
apprentice — учащийся профессио- е. better — экономичнее, экономиче-
нального училища ски выгоднее
apprenticeship — обучение специ- education
альности further e. — «дальнейшее» образова-
to assess — оценивать (знания) ние (по окончании средней школы)
assessment — оценка (знаний) non-statutory e. — необязательное
continuous a. — оценка текущей образование
успеваемости post-secondary e. — further e., higher e.
award — зд.: аттестат vocational e. — обучение специаль-
advanced extension a. (AEA) — атте- ности
стат с отличием to stay/remain in e. — продолжать
to cater; syn. to provide — зд.: обеспе- образование
чивать Educational Maintenance Allowance
college — колледж, училище (EMA) — пособие для материальной
c. of further education (further поддержки учащихся
education с.) — колледж последую- emphasis — выделение, упор.
щего среднего образования to make e. on smth — уделять боль-
general с. — колледж общего профиля шое внимание чему-либо
Sixth Form С. — колледж шестого employer — работодатель
класса to encourage — поощрять
tech(nical) с. — технический колледж entrance — поступление, вступительный
tertiary с. — колледж третьей ступени university e. — поступление в уни-
vocational с. — профессиональный верситет
колледж, профессиональное училище essay — эссе, сочинение
to comprise — включать, охватывать examination
course — курс обучения А-level e. — экзамен для поступле-
day-release с. — курс обучения с до- ния в вуз
полнительным свободным днём, syn. entrance е. — вступительный экзамен
off-the-job training final е. — выпускной экзамен
block release c. — курс обучения to fall outside the bounds — выходить
с несколькими дополнительными за рамки
свободными днями to favour; syn. to prefer — предпочитать
Vocabulary notes
to gain qualifications — получать спе- Oxbridge = Oxford + Cambridge
циальность (universities)
I hear infml — я слышал to pool smb together — объединять
the latter — последний (из перечислен- кого-либо
ных) to regiment — вводить единообразие,
level — уровень жесткий порядок; регламентировать
А-level (Advanced level) — продви- senior — старший; ср. выше: s.
нутый уровень citizen — человек старшего возраста,
AS-level (Advanced supplementary пенсионер
level) — продвинутый дополнитель- specific — конкретный
ный уровень to study in depth — глубоко осваивать
О-level (Ordinary level) — истор. учебный предмет
обычный уровень supervision — надзор
local (education) authority — местный to survive — уцелеть
отдел народного образования vocational subject — предмет, связан-
to narrow their choice down to — ный с обучением специальности
cузить свой выбор до yet — зд.: тем не менее, однако
to oblige — обязывать
es and sentences:
Они нужны для поступления в университет; Дело в том, что; существует жёсткая
регламентация; Какая система предпочтительнее?; Что касается меня, то я за вто-
рой способ; Ученики приходят только на занятия; Для работающих предусмотрен
курс с дополнительным свободным днём; Остальное время они свободны; брать
учителя на полную нагрузку; К ним относятся как к ответственным людям; Боль-
шое внимание уделяется индивидуальным исследованиям; Экономически выгод-
нее объединять учеников; оцениваются по шестибалльной системе; На экзаменах
на аттестат зрелости учитываются не только ответы учащихся, но и их текущая
успеваемость; Экзамены для поступления в вуз теперь сдаются в два этапа; будь
то в школах или в колледжах; продолжать образование.
1) Coursework is work students do ... the course. 2) ... age 16, students take GCSE exami-
nations. 3) The Local Education Authority has to take a teacher ... a timetable. 4) The rest
... the time they are free. 5) Day-release courses are provided ... those who work. 6) Stu-
dents come ... the classes only. 7) To do one’s A-level ... entrance ... a University, further
education is provided ... the 16 ... 19 age group ... tertiary colleges. 8) ... the age ... 11 they
were ... the 1st form. 9) It’s preparation ... university education. 10) There is a lot ... empha-
sis made ... individual research. 11) Continuous assessment is a way ... judging a student’s
level ... achievement ... looking ... their coursework. 12) The Sixth Form College caters
... all subjects. 13) The marks students get ... their examinations help them decide which
subjects to study ... A-level. 14) They must take examinations ... subjects such as English
and maths. 15) It is an alternative… the 6th form… school.
406 Unit 47

1. What examinations do students take at the age of 16?
2. Where do they study after 16?
3. Which is the best method and why?
Exercise 4. Write adjectives corresponding to these adverbs and translate both.
Check your translation with a dictionary.
Example: technically — technical
Alternatively, analytically, economically, finally, highly, necessarily, optionally, originally,
previously, psychologically, vocationally, unnecessarily, numerically.
Exercise 5. Here are some articles criticizing the results of GCSE and А-level exams.
Read, translate them (use a dictionary where necessary) and summarise what they
say about
1) examination results,
2) the standards of English, maths, science and modern languages,
3) how high examination results are achieved,
4) what was proposed in order to deal with1 the situation,
5) dissenting voices2,
6) the future of traditional exams.
1. Examination results
THE SUN 18.8.2005, p. 2
‘No fails’ А-level in 10 years
By NIC CECIL
MINISTERS yesterday raised the pros- Soaring pass rates have raised suspi-
pect of А-levels NOBODY fails. cions exams are being dumbed down.
The A to E pass rate is expected to But Lord Adonis wants the success rate
rise from last year’s 96 per cent. In 1985 to rise even faster — which could see all
it was 70 per cent. students passing А-levels within a decade.
‘A’ grades are also set to rise from He admitted A-levels must be
22.4 per cent in 2004 — up from ten tougher but insisted there would be no
per cent in 1985. diploma-style system.
1
to deal with smth — зд.: справляться с чем-л.
2
dissenting voices — голоса несогласных
THE SUN 19.8.2005, p. 5
Well done all

QUESTION: Have А-levels got easier? difficult for universities to sort out the
Answer: Probably, yes. truly exceptional from the merely very
Q: Do examiners give too many bright?
students very high grades, making it A: Almost certainly.
2. Bosses’ fury at easy A-levels
THE SUN 15.8.2005, p. 2
CBI RAP FOR SCIENCE AND LANGUAGE DODGERS

By MICHAEL LEA
NEARLY all students will pass their advantage, the UK cannot hope to chal-
A-levels this year after dumping science lenge the emerging markets.”
and languages for “easier” subjects. Figures show the number of stu-
Results due Thursday are predicted dents taking physics А-level crashed 55
to show a pass rate of 97 PER CENT — per cent between 1984 and 2004.
up for the 23rd year in a row. Those studying chemistry plunged
A staggering 23 per cent are set to a third over the same period.
get A grades. But business chiefs are Since 1999, A-level language can-
alarmed by dramatic falls in the num- didates are down by a fifth. Business
ber of pupils studying sciences, includ- leaders are also concerned few teenag-
ing physics and chemistry. ers are learning languages useful in the
And just one in 25 sixth-formers global economy.
now learns modern languages, claimed Just 451 took А-level Russian, 1,677
Chinese and 4,650 Spanish last year.
the Confederation of British Industry.
Meanwhile, the number studying psy-
But CBI director-general Sir Digby
chology was up by almost 5,000 to 47,000
Jones said: “The strength and future
in 2004. Pass rates — those scoring grades
success of the UK economy relies on
A to Е — in subjects such as media studies
the education system producing stu-
are up to more than 98 per cent.
dents of a high calibre in disciplines
such as science and languages. 1982 2005 (predicted)
“Engineering and technology skills PASS RATE PASS RATE
are the essential building blocks of 68% 97%
research and development. Without A GRADES A GRADES
innovation and the ability to secure 9% 23%
408 Unit 47
3. How high examination results are achieved
THE PEOPLE 21.8.2005, p. 20
WE NEED А-LEVEL OF SENSE
Ninety-seven per cent of students else. The reality is that at some point in
passed their A-levels last week and an- all our lives we must confront failure.
other record number are predicted to You folk have the technology to
get through their GCSEs this week. leave my generation streets behind,
The mantra in this increasing nanny but instead industry and third level
state of ours is “Remove all competition education is being swamped with two-
and all our youngsters will be winners”. a-penny exam passes.
All winners is the theory — but When in a few years time you find
surely we all end up losers as a result. yourselves very highly qualified and
If it does not happen at exam time, very lowly paid, you will see the point
believe me it will happen somewhere I am making.
4. What was proposed in order to deal with the situation
THE SUN 15.8.2005, p. 2
RADICAL REFORM LONG OVERDUE
In 1982 the А-level pass rate was 68 awarded an E in 1988 would now get
per cent with just nine per cent scoring a В grade.
a grade A. Director Andrew Haldenby said:
More youngsters passing will lead “Radical reform is now long overdue.”
to fresh calls for the exams to be re- Tory education spokesman Da-
formed. vid Cameron said: “The Government
Claims they are getting easier are needs to take action to ensure rigour
supported by research from the inde- in all our exams and maintain the con-
pendent think-tank Reform. fidence of universities, employers and
It suggested standards have students.”
slipped so much that a maths student
Pressure on to axe A-levels
EDUCATION Secretary Ruth Kelly yes- But universities and employers

terday faced growing pressure to scrap want a new system to identify the
A-levels. brightest pupils.
Cabinet predecessor Estelle Morris Meanwhile school leavers are a fail-
added her voice to the call for the exam ure in the workplace, a survey of em-
system for 14-19 year-olds to be over- ployers has found. Many showed poor
hauled. literacy and numeracy skills and 60 per
А-level pass rates are set to reach cent were unable to take a phone mes-
a record 96.5 per cent when results sage.
come out on Thursday.
DAILY MAIL 27.8.2005, p. 23
Why don’t we do away with GCSEs?
Several of our best public schools no examination board, set their own ex-
longer enter their pupils for GCSEs, so ams, and allow any other school which
degraded have they become. These wishes to take what would be their gold
schools, along with our excellent surviv- standard qualifications to do so.
ing grammars, should form their own
5. Dissenting voices
THE SUN 18.8.2005, p. 42
Letter to the Editor
I HAVE studied chemistry, biology, ge- I don’t believe the exams are get-
ography, English literature and critical ting simpler, it is just the older genera-
thinking and I am expecting my А-level tions being bitter.
results today. ANDREW BUCK Bristol
410 Unit 47
School Minister defends record A-level results
A-LEVELS are NOT getting easier and As 265,000 pupils across the country
won’t be scrapped, the Government wait nervously for their results, which
insisted yesterday — as the number of go up on school notice boards later to-
top grades looked set to once again hit day, early indications suggest the pass
record highs. rate could be as high as 97 per cent.
Schools Minister Andrew Adonis Around one in four grades are ex-
leapt to the defence of the qualification pected be an A.
amid growing criticism that it is too But Lord Adonis rejected claims
easy to get an A grade. that the “gold standard” exam had been
dumbed down.
6. The future of traditional exams
EXAMS ARE A VITAL LESSON

By Hilary Douglas
EDUCATION EDITOR
Last week the head of the respected Cam- The prospect of exams being to-
bridge Assessment exam board, Simon tally scrapped in favour of widespread
Lebus, said that traditional exams are like- e-assessment fills many traditionalists
ly to disappear within 10 to 15 years to be with alarm. Exams have been a rite of
replaced by computerised, online testing. passage for generations of children,
The idea would be that students starting early in secondary school and
could take the tests whenever they are gradually escalating in importance un-
ready for a particular module, resitting til they are truly essential to success.
as many times as is necessary to be able Removing this annual challenge
to get a good mark. from our schools might on the face of
The continuous assessment would it be popular with pupils but life itself
totally replace the three-hour written is a series of challenges, some more ap-
exams, rather than a mix of assessment pealing than others. While it would be
of coursework and traditional testing lovely to have the ability to strip the
which is the norm. daily struggle of things we don’t like,
EXAMS ARE A VITAL LESSON

(continued)
discovering this is not possible while However education experts warn

still at school isn’t really that bad a les- that the move could be an open door
son. Surely learning that hard work to the most appalling cheating and that
pays off can do nothing but good. testing all pupils around the country in
Originally А-levels were assessed the same way at the same time and un-
through one set of exams at the end der the same circumstances is the only
of a two-year course. Nine years ago true way to be able to compare the re-
however Curriculum 2000 was intro- sults in a meaningful way.
duced when pupils were allowed to ALAN SMITHERS, Professor of edu-
cash in their courses as AS pupils at cation at Buckingham University, feels
the end of their first year. They were that the move must be stopped at all
also for the first time allowed to take costs. “Making judgments about per-
the exams as many times as they formance isn’t easy,” he says. “The best
liked until they and their teachers way of doing it is dispassionate assess-
felt they had achieved the optimum ment of students tackling the same
mark. tasks under the same conditions.”
The exam board OCR has already Through the ages exams have in turn
tested the e-assessment in environ- terrified pupils and subsequently left
mental and land-based science since them either delighted or in despair but
2007, while this summer 1,800 candi- we all survived and a poor mark meant
dates at 80 schools will use the method pulling up your socks and trying that
which has so far been popular with pu- bit harder.
pils and many teachers. Not a bad lesson in life.

1. Do you remember how you felt when taking exams?
2. Was it fun?
3. How did it tell on your character?
4. What is the future of traditional exams?
5. What would be the pros and cons of new forms of exams?
6. What new rules did Curriculum 2000 introduce?
412 Unit 47
Exercise 6. Read and translate this clipping (use a dictionary where necessary). How
do you account for1 England’s pupils low ranking in maths tests?2
THE SUN 6.7.2012, p. 2
IT’S GONE FROM ADD TO WORSE2
BEST AT MATHS mance of 15-year-olds in maths tests

% achieving Levels 5/6 in countries which are members of the
OECD global economic watchdog. It
1. Korea 25.5%
showed that only 1.7 per cent of Eng-
2. Switzerland 24.1% lish pupils reached the highest level in
3. Finland 21.6% the subjest. In the two top levels it was
4. Japan 20.9% 9.9 per cent.
The vast majority of those “high
5. Belgium 20.4% performing youngsters” attended pri-
6. Netherlands 19.8% vate or grammar schools, rather than
7. New Zealand 18.9% state comprehensives.
In the previous PISA survey, in 2006,
8. Canada 18.3%
England came 18th. Education cam-
9. Germany 17.8% paigner Sir Peter Lampl, chairman of
10. Austria 16.4% the Sutton Trust, said: “These are shock-
24. USA/England 9.9% ing findings. Excellence in maths is cru-
cial in areas such as science, engineer-
Pupils in England have slumped to ing, IT, economics and finance.
their lowest ever international ranking “These figures show that few bright,
in maths. non-priveleged students reach their
A survey of industrialized nations academic potential — which is unfair
placed them 24th out of 34 — behind and a tragedy for them and the country
the likes of Belgium, Slovenia and Es- as a whole.”
tonia. Education Secretary Michael Gove
The Programme for International said the findings backed his bid to “re-
Student Assessment ranked the perfor- store academic rigour” to schools.
1
account for smth — объяснять что-л. (называть причину чего-л.)
2
From bad to worse — Всё хуже и хуже. BAD заменено на ADD (прибавлять) ради ассоциа-
ций с математикой.
Exercise 7. Read and translate this joke. Tell it to as many of your comrades as you can.
Students in schools and colleges will now be taking their examinations. Last year, my
friend Harry’s son unfortunately had his science results cancelled — from allegedly crib-
bing from someone else’s paper.
Harry was furious. He rushed to the school and found the headmaster.
“What’s all this about my lad’s science paper being cancelled?” he demanded.
“Well,” the headmaster explained, “He was sitting next to the bright boy of the class
and your son’s first two answers were identical ”.
Harry interrupted: “How do you know this so-called bright lad hadn’t copied off my
son?”
“Ah,” the head continues, “The third question was a difficult one involving thermo-
dynamics. The bright pupil stated: ‘I know very little about this topic’ and your son had
written: ‘Neither do I.’”
48
Unit
Application
to a university
Dialogue
Gregory: How does one apply to a university?
Mike: Since now there are no entrance examinations at the age of 17, one applies to a uni-
versity through the Ucas (Universities and Colleges Admissions Service).
G.: Why not through the UCCA?
М.: The Ucas was formed not so long ago from a merger of the UCCA (Universities Cen-
tral Council on Admissions) and the PCAS (Polytechnics Central Admission System).
The Ucas deals with all applications to all universities.
G.: Does the applicant get in touch with the university or with the Ucas?
М.: The first thing to do is to consult your careers teacher about which university to enter.
G.: What is a ‘careers teacher’?
М.: There is a careers teacher or master at school, a specially trained teacher who talks
about careers to pupils and gives them information from universities and employers.
A careers teacher is always to be up to date on everything. Sometimes instead of a careers
teacher per school there is one peripatetic careers officer for several schools. He or she
goes from one school to another, gives talks, lectures and consultations.
G.: What does one do after consulting one’s careers teacher?
М.: The next step is to fill in a form issued by the Ucas and to write to the university and
ask them for a prospectus. There are usually several prospectuses published by the same
university (undergraduate prospectus, graduate prospectus, science prospectus, art pro-
spectus etc). For most students it is university open days that give the best insight into
whether a particular institution will suit them. Many schools arrange for sixth-formers
to attend free higher education fairs, where universities answer questions and hand out
prospectuses.
G.: And where does the Ucas come in?
М.: After getting prospectuses from several universities you send your application to the
Ucas. People can apply to no more than 5 different universities at once. In your applica-
tion to the Ucas, you state your choice of 5 different universities. Universities are not told
which other institutions the student has applied to. The application process is all online.
The deadline for most applications is mid-January. In some cases, students can apply
until June 30, but then universities will only consider the application if they still have
vacancies. Anyone who applies after June 30 goes straight into Clearing in August. I’ll tell
you about Clearing (or clearing house) later.
G.: What does the application include?
Application to a university 415
M.: A completed Ucas Application Form and the student’s “personal statement”. On the
Application Form, you write the names and addresses of 2 referees. The first university
on your list gets references from your referees.
G.: Can the applicant see those references?
М.: That’s where references differ from testimonials. References are something you do
not see. For example, the employer writes to your referee and gets from him a letter,
a candid report, which you don’t see. A testimonial, on the other hand, is an open letter
given to you if you are applying for a job.
G.: Do all applicants have to find referees?
М.: Not necessarily. For instance, in the case of my own children, references were sup-
plied by their teachers.
The trickier bit is the “personal statement”, where students have carte blanche to sell
themselves to the university. Most candidates won’t be interviewed so, apart from exam
results and a short reference, the personal statement is the university’s only chance to as-
sess students suitability and enthusiasm (plus their ability to spell).
G.: So what happens next?
M.: By early May, the university sends its answer to the Ucas. And you get your answer
from the Ucas.
G.: Saying what?
M.: The universities mаке you a conditional offer. They specify what A-level results they
are interested in. You are accepted if you get certain grades in your A-level exams (The
minimum requirement is normally two A-level passes). A-level results are your password
to university. Students who have taken A-levels receive “unconditional” offers.
G.: What does acceptance depend upon?
M.: On the subject and on the competition, i.e. on the number of applicants for the same
subject. If there is a rush for university places, i.e. there is a high level of competition for
them, such as medicine, that will normally require a higher point score than for those
which consistently under-recruit. Some universities announce ‘no more places to fill’.
G.: And supposing you don’t get the grades they want, what then?
М.: If you don’t get the grades they want, you may negotiate with the university, you may
batter the authorities concerned. It may work. It shows initiative. All dealings are not
directly with the university but through the Ucas. Depending on your results, you go to
one of the universities on your list.
G.: What happens to those rejected by a university?
М.: There’s a clearing-house, that is an agency for collecting and distributing such people.
It functions within the framework of the Ucas in the summer and even goes into the
beginning of term. In fact, the clearing system is a great cauldron for people rejected by
a university. They could qualify for some other university or for some other subject. All
that is done by correspondence with the Ucas. You don’t go anywhere.
G.: And what if that fails too?
М.: If you are turned down, you either stay at school and repeat your A-levels (to try
again next year) or look for a job. Or you can turn to apprenticeship.
416 Unit 48
Vocabulary notes
agency — организация to get out of touch with smb/smth — от-
A-grader — успешно сдавший экзаме- рываться oт кого-л./чего-л.
ны повышенного уровня (A-level) to give a talk — проводить беседу
to apply for smth — подавать заявку на insight — понимание, представление
что-л. to issue a form — высылать бланк (ан-
to a. for a job — подавать заявление кеты, заявления о приёме)
о приёме на работу merger — слияние
to а. to a university — подавать за- to negotiate — вести переговоры
явление о приёме в университет no more places to fill — вакансий
applicant — поступающий больше нет
application — заявление о приёме officer — зд.: сотрудник; ср.: office —
application form — бланк заявления офис, канцелярия, управление, мини-
о приёме стерство
to attach importance to smth — прида- online — через Интернет
вать значение чему-л. open day — день открытых дверей
to batter — зд.: бомбить письмами pass — зд.: сданный экзамен
by correspondence — заочно, по пере- password — пароль-пропуск
писке PCAS = Polytechnics Central
candid — откровенный Admission System — истор. Централь-
career [kr] — карьера, направле- ная комиссия по приёму в политехни-
ние (будущей) деятельности ческие институты
careers teacher (syn. careers master, per school — на одну школу
careers adviser) — консультант по peripatetic — межшкольный (напр.:
профориентации p. careers teacher/master, p. music
cauldron [kldrn] — котёл teacher, p. PE teacher)
clearing-house — организация для personal statement — личное заявление
сбора и распределения не поступив- point score — сумма набранных баллов
ших в университет preference — предпочтение
conditional — условный (ant. prospectus — проспект
unconditional — безусловный) art p. — проспект по гуманитарным
consistently — зд.: постоянно наукам
to consult smb — проконсультировать- graduate p. — проспект для окон-
ся у кого-л. чивших вуз
deadline — крайний срок science p. — проспект по естествен-
dealing — зд.: контракт ным наукам
to enter a university — поступать undergraduate p. — проспект для
в университет студентов
exam(ination) to qualify for smth — оказаться при-
assessment е. — экзамен для выявле- годным для чего-л.
ния лучших среди поступающих referee — поручитель; лицо, дающее
entrance е. — вступительный экзамен рекомендацию
fair — ярмарка reference — зд.: характеристика, вы-
framework — рамки сылаемая по запросу организации
general knowledge — кругозор, эрудиция или работодателя
to get in touch with smb/smth — свя- requirement — требование
зываться с кем-л./чем-л.; ср. выше: апt. to require — требовать
Vocabulary notes
a rush for university places — ажио- to under-recruit — недобирать
тажный спрос на места в университете студентов
(syn. a scramble for university places) uni — university
specially trained — прошедший специ- UCAS, Ucas [juks] = Universities
альную подготовку and Colleges Admissions Service —
to specify — называть конкретно Комиссия по приёму в университеты
suitability — пригодность и колледжи
to supply — зд.: предоставлять, давать UCCA [k] = Universities Central
testimonial — характеристика, выда- Council on Admissions — истор. Цен-
ваемая на руки тральная комиссия по приёму в уни-
trickier bit — более трудная часть верситеты
to turn down, syn. to reject — откло- to be up to date on smth; syn. to be in
нять, отказывать в приеме the know/ in the picture — быть в курсе
to turn to smth — обратиться к чему-л. чего-л.
es and sentences:
Вас принимают, если вы получите определённые оценки; А какую роль при этом
играет комиссия по приёму в университеты и колледжи?; и даже захватывает на-
чало семестра; Это показывает, что вы человек инициативный; связывается с уни-
верситетом; Как подавать заявление о приёме в университет?; А что в нём говорит-
ся?; Это может подействовать; в случае с моими собственными детьми; Первым
делом нужно; число подавших заявление на одну специальность; Собеседованиям
придаётся большое значение; От чего зависят эти условия?; всегда дожны быть
в курсе всего; Можно сразу подать заявление о приёме не более чем в 5 универси-
тетов; теперь, когда; сделать новую попытку.
1) It is a great cauldron ... people rejected ... the university. 2) If you are turned ..., you either
stay ... school and repeat your А-levels or look ... job. 3) And where does the Ucas come ...?
4) There are no entrance examinations ... the age ... 17. 5) ...the case ... my own children, ref-
erences were supplied ... their teachers. 6) A testimonial, ... the other hand, is an open letter
given ... you if you are applying ... a job. 7) You get certain grades ... your А-level exams.
8) One applies ... a university ... the Ucas. 9) All that is done ... correspondence ... the Ucas.
10) Does the applicant get ... touch ... the university? 11) All dealings are not directly ... the
university but... the Ucas. 12) The first university ... your list gets references ... your referees.
13) They could qualify ... some other university or ... some other subject. 14) The first thing
to do is to consult your careers teacher ... which university to enter. 15) What happens ...
those rejected ... a university? 16) A careers teacher is always to be … … date ... everything.
17) They specify what А-level results they are interested ... . 18)... your application ... the
Ucas you state your choice ... 5 different universities. 19) It functions ... the framework ...
the Ucas ... the summer and even goes ... the beginning ... term. 20) The next step is to
fill... a form issued ... the Ucas and to write ... the university and ask them ... a prospectus.
21) What do those conditions depend ...? 22) He goes … one school … another. 23) Some-
times … … a careers teacher ... school there is one peripatetic careers officer ... several schools.
418 Unit 48

1. How does one apply to a university?
2. What does a careers teacher do?
3. What kind of prospectuses do universities issue?
4. To how many universities can you apply at once?
5. Where do references differ from testimonials?
6. What is a conditional offer?
7. What happens if you fail to get the grades1 the university wants?
8. Supposing you are rejected by a university, what then?
9. What if you are turned down by all universities you have applied to? In other words,
what if you miss out2?
1. What are the benefits of being among the oldest and most established universities?
2. What are the job prospects for their graduates?
TELEGRAPH WEEKEND 30.7.2011, p. W13
DO WE NEED A BRITISH IVY LEAGUE?
Q: I read last week that there is a new have heard about them, assume they
British equivalent of the American “Ivy are the best and so try to gain access
League”, consisting of 10 universities or to them. This in turn provides income,
so, including Oxford, Cambridge, War- which allows improved research and
wick and Exeter. What is your opinion other facilities, smaller teaching groups
of this new so-called elite squad? Will and the recruitment of more high-pow-
their degrees carry higher value than ered staff... all of which enhances results
those from “lesser” universities? Our and draws in brighter and more aca-
son will be applying next year, so some demically ambitious students.
background would help us. Inevitably this means that a 2:1 at Ox-
A L Stevens, Wiltshire ford or Cambridge is deemed to be a bet-
A: There is already a “de facto” hierarchy ter outcome than the same from, say,
in British universities that has built up Leeds Metropolitan, and so the job pros-
over many years, with the oldest and pects of their graduates differ according-
most established ones clustered at the ly. The upshot is that more than half of all
top. Rather like the most prestigious of students with at least AAB at A-level are
the senior independent schools, people clustered in just 12 universities.
1
to get the grades — набрать баллы, syn. to achieve / to gain + the grades, ant. to miss the grade
2
to miss out — никуда не попасть, to miss out on a university place — не попасть в универси-
тет
Exercise 5. Read and translate these excerpts from the articles (use a dictionary where
necessary).
Find the answers to these question:

1. When did competition reach an all-time high?
2. How high was it?
3. Why?
4. What universities did not take part in the clearing?
RECORD 200,000 WILL MISS OUT

ON UNIVERSITY PLACE
By Martyn Brown
A RECORD number of students are like- 640,000 but spaces are capped by the
ly to miss out on a university place this Government at about 450,000.
year, it emerged yesterday. The maximum fee for the coming
Applications through the Universi- academic year will be £3,375. This will
ties and Colleges Admissions Service rise in 2012-13 to £9,000, with the aver-
show that 200,000 — almost a third — age expected to be £7,793.
are likely to lose out in the scramble for Those not taking part in clearing —
courses. the chance to get a last-minute place
Competition is expected to peak on a course — will this year include the
this year as students try to get to uni- London School of Economics, Impe-
versity before tuition fees treble in rial College London, University College
2012. London, Oxford, Cambridge, Bristol,
The number of potential applicants Warwick, Edinburgh, Birmingham, Sus-
from the UK and EU is set to rise by sex, Chester, Exeter, Bath Spa and Ox-
1.2 per cent to an all-time high of about ford Brookes.
420 Unit 48
195,000 JOIN FRENZY

FOR A PLACE AT UNIVERSITY
By Cyril Dixon
A DESPERATE scramble for university about 78,000 youngsters are still await-
places has made this year the “most ing a decision from the university they
competitive in history” as figures yes- applied for.
terday showed five А-level students Thursday’s А-level results saw one
chasing every unfilled vacancy. in 12 entries getting an elite A* grade.
About 195,000 frantic candidates But because of fierce competition, hun-
are applying for 39,000 slots up for dreds of teenagers with A*s were left
grabs, the University and College Ad- without a place.
missions Service said. One, Prina Shah, 18, from Мill Hill,
Officials admitted that despite the north London, was rejected by four
29th consecutive increase in А-level universities — Oxford, University Col-
pass rates to a record 97.8 per cent, tens lege London, Nottingham and Kings
of thousands of students would find College London — to study medicine
themselves without a course. despite getting A*s in maths, further
A total of 401,000 students have al- maths, biology and chemistry.
ready had their places confirmed, a rise Prina has had to settle for a place at
of 7,500 on last year. Durham to study anthropology.
They include 3,692 students who
found a place through clearing, while
Find out from them what kind of competition British A-graders face1, the advantages
of their competitors2 and why British universities attract students from overseas.
1
to face smth — сталкиваться с чем-л.; ср. выше: to face the courtyard — выходить во двор (об
окне)
2
competitor — конкурент
DAILY MAIL 22.8.2005, p. 10
EU INFLUX ‘SQUEEZING OUT BRITISH STUDENTS’
Competition for places has been inten- A total of 26,827 applied for degree
sified this year by a surge in applica- courses this autumn but some of the
tions from the Continent following the biggest rises are from countries that
expansion of the EU last May to include have just joined the EU, such as Poland.
ten more nations. Competition for university places is
Previously students from the ‘ac- tougher than ever this year because ex-
cession’ countries had to pay as much tra tuition fees are being imposed from
as £20,000-a-year for degree courses. next September.
Now they are able to claim the same Experts said yesterday British uni-
discounted rates as home and EU un- versities were a ‘magnet’ for students
dergraduates. from overseas due to their strong inter-
And since average earnings tend to national reputation.
be lower than in Britain, most will qual- Professor Alan Smithers, of the Cen-
ify for financial aid covering £1,175-a- tre for Education and Employment Re-
year domestic fees. search at Buckingham University, said:
Figures from the Universities and ‘If more students are being taken from
Colleges Admissions Service show ap- abroad, fewer places will be available
plications from mainland Europe have for home students.’
risen 15 per cent this year.
PUT OUR STUDENTS FIRST
A deep injustice is developing in the damage our economy as teenagers are

education system. Desperate for cash thrown on the scrapheap.
in a climate of stringency, many Brit- Yet sadly it is an approach all too
ish universities and colleges are now typical of a state machine addicted to
offering places to foreign students mass immigration and multi-cultural-
who have lower A-level grades than ism. Too often, the British people are
their British counterparts. This policy is treated as second-class citizens in their
not only grossly unfair, but it will also own land.
422 Unit 48
HOW FOREIGN STUDENTS JUMP UNIVERSITY QUEUE

At least 10 universities welcomed ap- LEADING universities are offering
plicants from outside the EU while clos- places to foreign students with lower
ing off applications from British candi- А-level grades than British applicants, it
dates, or offered limited clearing places emerged yesterday.
to UK and EU students and significantly They are taking advantage of rules
more to other candidates. which strictly limit numbers of British
Critics said the bias in higher edu- students — but put no restrictions on
cation was deeply unfair, with Brit- the lucrative international market.
ish students who have managed to Overseas students can pay up to
win a place learning alongside those £20,000 a year for courses which are
from overseas who may have far lower barred to competent British students.
grades. University heads will also accept can-
Alan Smithers, professor of educa- didates from outside the European Union
tion at Buckingham University, said: for courses closed to British students seek-
“Places ought to go on merit without ing places through the clearing system.
this bias to overseas students who pay Tuition fees charged to undergrad-
full costs. For universities, it’s not really uates from Britain and the rest of the
a matter of greed so much as survival. EU are capped at £3,290 a year. Since it
The sad fact is the Government does costs much more than this to educate
not provide enough to sustain the size them, the state makes a grant to uni-
of the higher education system.” versities of about £5,000 per student.
THE FOREIGN STUDENTS WHO BEAT US AT ENGLISH

EXCLUSIVE
By Hilary Douglas
EDUCATION EDITOR
FOREIGN students are flooding into Unlike British youngsters, when
British universities because they European children are taught English
have better English than our teena- they are not allowed to use slang or col-
gers. loquial words.
Exercise 7. The following clippings deal with the problem of clearing. Read and trans-
late them (use a dictionary where necessary).
EDUCATION MIRROR 18.8.2005, p. 2
MAKE THE NEXT STEP: YOUR BEST MOVE WITH THE MIRROR
By TRICIA PHILLIPS
If you got the grades you needed, con- your CEF to one university or college at
gratulations. But if you didn’t the most a time. They accept only original CEFs.
important thing is don’t panic. So, if you’re not sure the course is for
Clearing is the final opportunity for you, carry on phoning around.
those who want a place at uni or col- You will receive notification to
lege for a course starting this year. confirm your place. If you accept, the
Some 40,000 people find further university or college will confirm your
education places through it each year. If place with UCAS.
you are eligible UCAS will automatically Toptips
send you a Clearing Entry Form (CEF) • GOT the desired grades? Do UCAS
and a Clearing instruction booklet. paperwork, then call the uni.
Check your details are correct on • IF you don’t quite make the grades,
your CEF. Write down your Clearing en- phone anyway. Keep focused, move
try number and your original UCAS ap- fast and do it yourself.
plication number and keep them safe. • BE flexible: consider re-taking if nec-
Check the UCAS listings for which essary.
universities have vacancies and make • HAVE UCAS paperwork handy and
a list of suitable course and institutions. take notes.
If an institution is happy that you • REMEMBER: lots of people have been
meet its requirements, they may ask in your situation. They have good de-
you to send your CEF. You can only send grees and careers. Don’t panic.
ONLY 4,000 GET UNIVERSITY PLACE IN CLEARING

By Mark Reynolds
ONLY 4,000 would-be students have Clearing is the process of matching
been able to find a university place applicants to vacant courses. Last year
through the clearing process out of 47,600 students found places through
nearly 200,000 struggling to get on to clearing. The total is likely to be smaller
a degree course. this year.
Figures published yesterday by A survey of 16 universities found
the university admissions service Ucas they had just 1,800 clearing places
showed that 4,083 applicants had so far available when the process opened
found a place through its system. this week — and by yesterday most of
It left 190,000 still eligible for the those had gone.
clearing process because they have
had no offers.
424 Unit 48
EDUCATION MIRROR 18.8.2005, p. 3
CLEAR WE GO
Another way into uni
By LAURETTE ZIEMER
When Emma Kershaw opened the en- bridge where she had taken her A-le-
velope containing her A-level results, vels.
her dreams evaporated. “They had given us a leaflet at some
She wanted, more than anything point so, once I had calmed down,
else in the world, to be the first in her I sort-of knew there were still options
family to ever go to university, but her available to me.”
grades weren’t good enough. Emma decided to try things her way.
“I’d never felt so bad,” says Emma, She looked at her notes and de-
21. “I was shell-shocked to say the least cided to call the clearing officer at the
and didn’t know quite what to do. University of Hertfordshire.
I don’t know what went wrong — I re- “I was astounded by how straight-
ally thought I’d managed to get the forward it all was,” she recalls. “I spoke
grades I needed.” to an admissions officer and told them
Emma had been studying leisure my problem. Far from being scathing
and recreation AVCE (Advanced Voca- they were help itself.
tional Certificate in Education, equiva- “I asked them if there was room on
lent to two A-levels) and AS-levels in their marketing course and whether
business studies and PE. my grades were good enough.
“While I was doing the business “She put me on hold, went off to
course I became really interested in speak to someone from the Business
marketing and decided that was where School, and came back to tell me I had
my university future lay,” she says. a place. I couldn’t believe it.”
“I looked at various universities and That September Emma started her
decided Lancaster was the one for me.” four-year course in Hatfield and now,
She was offered a place — provided she with three years under her belt, she is on
got straight Cs or above for her exams. course to get a 2:1 degree in marketing.
“I’ll never forget the day I opened “I’m so motivated and raring to
the envelope and saw a double D for go,” she says. “I want to do so well and
my AVCE. I went home in a trance.” I know the University of Hertfordshire
First, Emma checked with Lancaster has helped.
to confirm they would not accept her. “The day I got those A-level results
“When I heard the rejection it was was a major turning point for me —
all slipping away before me,” she says. a very good one.” And as for Emma’s
Emma had a vague idea what family — they couldn’t be more proud.
“clearing” was all about through Long “They love it that their daughter is the
Road Sixth Form College in Cam- first Kershaw ever to go to university.”

1. What options1 are there if you didn’t get the grades you needed?
2. What is CEF?
3. What is the proportion of students who found a university place through the clearing
process?
4. What happened to Emma Kershaw?
5. Why are her family so proud of her?
Exercise 8. Find out from these clippings what some school-leavers do to avoid
chronic shortage of university places and soaring tuition fees in Britain and what
other option is available to them.
SUNDAY EXPRESS 21.8.2011
STUDENTS OPT FOR FOREIGN DEGREES
SCHOOL-LEAVERS are deciding to go overseas to do their degree courses because

of the chronic shortage of university places and soaring tuition fees in Britain.
TRADE UP FOR WORK
YOUR piece “Students opt for foreign especially given employers’ growing
degrees” (Sunday Express, August reluctance to take on graduates with
21) suggests that record numbers of little or no work experience.
А-level students will miss out on a uni- Apprenticeships are the lifeblood
versity place this year. of many industries. They offer an in-
I’d like to reaffirm the reality that valuable step into a career, financial
university-based learning is not the security and are good for businesses,
sole option available to young people while ensuring industry avoids skills
who are looking for the best start for shortages in the future by securing
their future careers. talent now.
There is a range of apprenticeships Andy Walder, Director,
available to young people, which offer National Construction College,
an excellent alternative to university, Bircham Newton, Norfolk
1
options — варианты, выбор
426 Unit 48
Exercise 9. Read and translate these clippings. What do they have in common and
where do they differ?
SUPERSTAR HEADING TO UNIVERSITY… AGED 14
Wajih Ahmed will become the young- His early exam success has earned
est undergraduate in Britain this au- him a place on a three-year BSc de-
tumn after top A-level grades netted gree course in economics due to start
him a university place at just 14. next month at Southampton Univer-
The brainy teenager picked up an sity. However, the youngster, of Chan-
A* grade in physics and AS-level eco- dler’s Ford, Hampshire, will not be old
nomics. enough for late-night parties.
He already has A* grades in maths Wajih, who wll have a degree by the
and further maths and an A in chemistry. age of 17 if all goes well, said: “It’s been
a lot of hard work, but it’s been worth it.”
DAILY ECHO 17.8.2012, p. 8
CHILD PRODIGY WILL JOIN UNIVERSITY IN AUTUMN
A 14-year-old maths genius will be- Southampton even though he will not
come one of the country’s young- be able to enjoy the delights of the
est ever undergraduates this autumn sudents’ union bar.
when he enrolls at university. He received A* A-level results in
Wajih Ahmed will study for a de- maths and further maths in addition to
gree in economics at the university of an A in chemistry last year.
49
427 Chapter 1 Unit
Higher education
(1)
Dialogue
Gregory: Mike, as an academic, naturally I’m interested in learning more about higher
education in Britain. Who is responsible for it? A Ministry of Higher Education?
Mike: Responsibility for education and training is divided between two departments:
(1) the Department of Education(DE) and (2) the Department for Business, Innovation
and Skills (BIS). Department (1) is headed by Secretary of State for Education (informal-
ly, Education Secretary). Under him are Ministers of State for a)Schools, b)Children and
Families and c)Further Education, Skills and Lifelong Learning (FESLL). Department (2)
is headed by Secretary of State for BIS and President of the Board of Trade. Under him
are Ministers of State for d)Universities and Science (informally, Universities Minister)
and (c) FESLL (thus the latter is controlled jointly by both Secretaries).
At the local level we have ‘local authorities’ until recently referred to as ‘local education
authorities’.
“Higher education” denotes education in universities and colleges of education (the latter
were formerly called Teacher Training Colleges).
G.: Who do colleges of education train?
М.: Teachers for posts in primary schools, and for the less specialized and less advanced
posts in secondary schools, other posts being occupied by university-trained teachers.
Colleges of education give a Certificate in Education, which is a teaching qualification.
It is obligatory in addition to a university degree to take up a one-year teacher-training
course in order to get a Certificate in Education authorizing you to work as a teacher. In oth-
er words, all teaching entrants must have a degree — either a subject-based one plus a one-
year Post-Graduate Certificate in Education (P.G.C.E.) or a Bachelor of Education degree.
G.: Is it true that besides students and teachers there are student teachers? And if so, what
do they do? Study or teach?
M.: Both. A student teacher is a person who teaches under supervision at a school as part
of qualification for a teaching certificate.
G.: What other institutions of higher education are there apart from universities and
colleges of education?
М.: Apart from those, there used to be polytechnics and colleges of higher education.
Now all of them are called universities.
G.: Believe it or not, but a similar thing happened in Russia. Almost all institutes were
turned into universities.
М.: But university or not, former polytechnics, as distinct from ‘old’ universities, are con-
cerned with practical subjects, with developing vocational skills, teaching accountancy,
engineering etc. At former polytechnics, there is a large number of part-time students,
while ‘old’ university students are mostly full-time, that is study is their primary concern.
Former polytechnics (and some ‘old’ universities) have a sandwich course, that is work
428 Unit 49
and study are integrated into a particular programme. All in all, students spend 6 months
in a workshop and 6 months studying theory.
G.: What did colleges of higher education include?
М.: Colleges of higher education included colleges of education (we have already spoken
about them) and specialized institutes.
G.: What is meant by specialized institutes?
М.: Specialized institutes offer only one or two subjects, for example, agriculture (with
a farm, a research station), art plus design (teaching fine art, sculpture), drama (with
their own theatre), music, dance.
G.: How long does the course last?
М.: Most freshers are 18. Most courses you do once you’ve entered last 3 years. With
modern languages it’s 4 years, as 1 year is spent in the country whose language you study.
Agriculture, veterinary science and dentistry take 5 years, because there is 2 years’ practi-
cal work. Medicine is studied for 6 years, the 4th and 5th years being a ‘clinical’, i.e. working
at a teaching hospital as a doctor.
Besides, some students take a so-called ‘gap year’.
G.: What is that?
M.: A gap year is a year between leaving school and going to university, which some
young people use as an opportunity to travel, earn money, or get experience of working.
G.: What is teaching like in institutions of higher education?
М.: Teaching is pretty conservative. Lectures are not compulsory. You can choose to go
to them or not. What is compulsory is seminars (i.e. group discussions) and tutorials,
that is private tuition, when a tutor and a student meet for 1 hour a week to discuss the
student’s work. The tutor writes your recommendation and hence is a very important
person in your life.
G.: Is higher education free?
M.: As from 2012, annual tuition fees for British students are £9,000. Before there were fees
only for overseas students, for postgraduates and for students at private establishments for
vocational training (for example, the secretarial college which teaches commercial sub-
jects). Exempt from paying tuition fees are UK students entitled to grants or scholarships.
Or, rather, the tuition fees of UK students who are eligible for a student’s award are paid in
full from public funds. Besides, students have also to pay their living costs (maintenance).
The government provides loans to help them pay for university education which have to
be paid back from earnings once their income reaches a certain level.
Universities receive money from the state for each student and are responsible for em-
ploying staff and deciding which courses to offer. The head of a university, who is respon-
sible for its management, is called a vice-chancellor.
G.: What’s the difference between grants and scholarships?
M.: Grants are paid by the state, while scholarships are paid by the university.
G.: Do many English students live in hostels?
M.: You probably mean ‘halls of residence’ or ‘halls’ for short.
G.: What’s the difference?
M.: A hostel is a building providing overnight accommodation, as for the homeless, etc.
Besides, there are youth hostels, often shortened to ‘hostels’.
Higher education 429
G.: Yes, I think I mean those.

M.: No, you don’t. A youth hostel is one of inexpensive lodging places for young people
travelling cheaply. True, a lot of them are students. But what you mean is ‘halls of resi-
dence’, that is residential blocks in or attached to a university, college, etc. British students
are often asked, ‘Do you live in hall or in lodgings?’
G.: Do they have monitors in student groups at colleges and universities?
М.: No, at colleges and universities they have group leaders, not monitors. Monitors are
pupils at primary schools chosen to help teachers in various ways. For example, the board
monitor must clean the blackboard every morning. The ink monitor was responsible for
filling the ink-wells. In the days of school-milk, a much-sought-after role among pupils
was that of ‘milk monitor’, which involved the dispensing of milk to the rest of the class.
‘Monitor’ is an old-fashioned word but still it is sometimes used, especially in private
schools.
G.: And who are their counterparts in secondary schools?
М.: In some British secondary schools, there are teams of boys or girls in their final year
called “prefects”. They have certain powers to control and punish other pupils, particu-
larly younger ones. Prefects are usually selected by the head teacher and senior staff, and
a ‘head boy’ and/or ‘head girl’ is often appointed from among the prefects chosen.
G.: Is there any provision for adult higher education?
М.: There is. There are Adult Education Colleges. They either function on a full-time basis,
or evening classes are held in the buildings of various existing institutions (colleges, uni-
versities). Students attend classes once or twice a week in the evening for 2–3 hours. There
are also day courses for housewives and pensioners. After being pensioned off, people
have a good 15 or 20 years ahead of them. So why not make up for what they missed when
young? Similar work is done by the Open University. It is one of the largest universities in
Britain founded in 1969 for mature students who are usually employed, or in some cases
retired, study part-time mainly by distance-learning: correspondence courses, television
and radio lectures, computers. Besides, there is local counselling and summer schools.
G.: What is a mature student?
M.: A student at a university or college who is aged over 21. Apart from the Open Univer-
sity, there is the Open College which also teaches adults by means of radio and television
programmes and correspondence courses.
G.: What’s the difference between the Open University and the Open College?
M.: At the Open University, mature students obtain first degrees, higher degrees and
professional qualifications. The Open College teaches courses on business and the skills
needed to work in many jobs and industries. Besides, we have U3As.
G.: This is the first time I have heard of them.
M.: U3As are self-help, self-managed lifelong learning co-operatives for older people no
longer in full time work, providing opportunities for their members to share learning
experiences in a wide range of interest groups and to pursue learning not for qualifica-
tions, but for fun.
G.: How do you decipher the abbreviation U3A?
M.: U3A stands for the University of the Third Age, which is a self-help organization for
so-called ‘third-agers’, i. e. people no longer in full time employment, which provides
430 Unit 49
educational, creative and leisure opportunities in a friendly environment. It consists of

local U3As all over the UK, which are charities in their own right and are run entirely
by volunteers. Local U3As are learning cooperatives which draw upon the knowledge,
experience and skills of their own members to organise and provide interest groups in
accordance with the wishes of the membership. The teachers learn and the learners teach.
Between them U3As offer the chance to study over 300 different subjects in such fields as
art, languages, music, history, life sciences, philosophy, computing, crafts, photography
and walking. A typical U3A has about 250 members but could be as small as 12 and as
large as 2000.
(To be continued)
Vocabulary notes
academic n; AE professor — преподава- с. of higher education — истор. кол-
тель вуза ледж высшего образования
accommodation — жильё compulsory education — обязательное
accountancy — бухгалтерское дело образование
annual — годичный, ежегодный concern — забота, озабоченность, дело
apart from — кроме, помимо primary с. — основное дело
to appoint — назначать to be concerned with smth — зани-
attached to — зд.: при маться чем-л.
to authorize — давать право course — курс (обучения)
award — награда, вознаграждение correspondence c. — заочное обуче-
basis — основа ние по переписке
Board of Trade — Торговая палата day с. — дневной курс
Certificate in Education — диплом sandwich (type) с. — смешанный
преподавателя курс (сочетание теории с практи-
chancellor — ректор кой)
vice-c. — проректор teacher-training с. — курс педагоги-
charity — благотворительность, благо- ческой подготовки
творительная организация to do а с.; syn. to take up а с. — прой-
children’s services — забота о детях ти курс
class — зд.: занятие craft — ремесло
to hold classes — проводить занятия to create — создать (зд.: учредить
clinical — ординатура должность)
college creative — творческий
adult education с. — колледж для degree — степень, диплом
взрослых Bachelor of Education d. — степень
Open C. — открытый колледж бакалавра педагогических наук
secretarial с. — секретарский first d. — степень бакалавра
колледж higher d. — степень магистра, кан-
teacher training с., syn. с. of educa- дидата, доктора наук, AE advanced d.
tion — педагогический колледж subject-based d. — степень за изуче-
technical с. — технический ние предмета, который предстоит
колледж преподавать
Vocabulary notes
university d. — степень при оконча- h. boy/girl — руководитель старо-
нии университета, университетский стата в средней школе
диплом to h. — возглавлять
to award a d. — присуждать степень hence — следовательно
to denote — обозначать, означать higher education — высшее образование
dentistry — зубоврачебное образование hostel — общежитие для рабочих, для
department — департамент, министер- бездомных
ство youth h. — турбаза
to dispense — раздавать housewife — домашняя хозяйка
distance-learning — заочное обучение income — доход
to draw upon smth — опираться на inexpensive — недорогой
что-л., использовать что-л. in full — полностью, целиком
earnings — заработок ink-well — чернильница
eligible for smth — имеющий право на innovation — новаторство, иннова-
что-л. ция, новые методы обучения
to employ — нанимать, брать на работу institution of higher education — выс-
engineering — техника, инженерное шее учебное заведение
дело to integrate — объединять
entitled to smth — которым полагается interest groups — группы по интере-
entrant — поступающий (в вуз) сам
teaching е. — поступающий в педвуз in their own right — финансово неза-
establishment; ср. выше: syn. висимые
institution — заведение to involve — зд.: включать
exempt from smth — освобождённый jointly — совместно
от чего-л. leisure [le] — досуг
fine art — изящное искусство lifelong — пожизненный
to found — основывать l. learning — обучение взрослых
fresher; AE freshman — первокурсник life sciences — биология, ботаника,
friendly environment — дружеская зоология
обстановка living costs, syn. maintenance — стои-
full-time — полный рабочий день, мость проживания
дневной; ср. выше: целый день loan — заём, ссуда
fund — фонд, средства local counselling — консультирование
public f. — общественный фонд на местах
gap year — год между окончанием lodging(s) — снимаемая комната
школы и первым курсом университета to make up for smth; ср. выше: syn. to
a good 15 years — добрых 15 лет make it up — компенсировать, навёр-
grant — стипендия стывать
group discussion — групповое обсуж- management — зд.: оргвопросы
дение membership — члены
group leader — староста студенческой Minister of State — заместитель мини-
группы стра
hall (of residence) — студенческое to miss smth — упускать, пропускать
общежитие (где места предоставляют- что-л.
ся вузом), AE student dormitory monitor — ученик, ответственный за
head — зд.: глава что-л. (в начальной школе)
432 Unit 49
Vocabulary notes
much-sought-after — предмет желаний to shorten to smth — сокращать до
to obtain — получать чего-л.
old-fashioned — старомодный, зд.: skills — трудовые навыки, ремёсла
устаревший specialized institute — специализиро-
other than — кроме ванный институт
overnight — на ночь staff — штат, сотрудники, преподава-
overseas — иностранный, зарубежный тельский состав
to pay back — возвращать долг student — студент, учащийся, ученик
to pension smb off — отправить full-time s. — студент дневного отде-
кого-л. на пенсию ления; ср. выше: full-time — полный
polytechnic — истор. политехниче- рабочий день; дневной
ский институт mature s. — слушатель
post — должность part-time s. — студент-вечерник
advanced р. — ответственная долж- s. teacher — студент, проходящий
ность педагогическую практику
specialised р. — специализирован- supervision — надзор, контроль
ная должность teaching — преподавание, обучение
to occupy а р. — занимать долж- t. certificate — педагогический
ность диплом
postgraduate, infml postgrad — t. hospital — учебная больница
аспирант, АЕ graduate student; ср.: t. qualification — право препода-
undergraduate — студент, graduate — вать, педагогическое образование
выпускник team — зд.: старостат; ср. выше: коман-
power — полномочие да, комитет
prefect [prifekt] — староста (в сред- third-ager — человек старшего воз-
ней школе) раста
provision — обеспечение to train smb — готовить кого-л. (спе-
to pursue learning — заниматься, циалистов)
учиться training — подготовка, обучение
relating to — относящийся к vocational training — профессио-
research station — опытная станция нальная подготовка
residential — жилой tuition — обучение
to retire — выходить на пенсию t. fee — плата за обучение
to run — зд.: руководить (организацией) private t. — частное или индивиду-
scholarship — поощрительная стипен- альное обучение
дия tutor — прикреплённый преподава-
science education — преподавание тель, куратор
точных и естественных наук tutorial — консультация, встреча
Secretary of State — министр, syn. с руководителем
minister, AE государственный секре- University of the Third Age — универ-
тарь (министр иностранных дел США) ситет для лиц старшего возраста
seminar — семинар; ср.: workshop — veterinary science — ветеринария
семинар неучебный, например, участ- vocational — профессиональный
ников конференции workshop — мастерская, цех, семинар
senior staff — профессорский состав (неучебный) зд.: производство
Exercise 1. In the dialogue above, find the equivalents of these Russian phrases and
sentences:
оказывать разностороннюю помощь учителям; Хотите верьте, хотите нет; после
выхода на пенсию; проще говоря; Посещение лекций необязательно; Почему бы
не наверстать то, что они упустили в молодости?; изящное искусство; помимо
университетов; учёба для них главное; менее ответственные должности; особенно
из младших классов; А кто им соответствует в средней школе?; страна изучаемого
языка; Но университет или не университет; преподаватели с университетским
образованием; Бывшие политехнические институты, в отличие от «старых»
университетов, занимаются практическими дисциплинами; Что имеется в виду
под специализированными институтами?; Или, вернее, полная плата за обучение
британских студентов, имеющих право на поощрение, поступает из общественных
средств; последние раньше назывались; От платы за обучение освобождаются
британские студенты, имеющие право на общую или на поощрительную
стипендию; Предусматривается ли высшее образование для взрослых?; «Кого
готовят педагогические вузы?» — «Учителей для начальных школ»; Студенты
посещают занятия один-два раза в неделю; жилые здания при университете; «Ты
живёшь в общежитии или на квартире?»; например, для бездомных.
1) What other institutions ... higher education are there … … universities? 2) ...a full time
basis. 3) So why not make … … what they missed when young? 4) Medicine is studied
... 6 years. 5) Colleges ... education give a Certificate ... Education. 6) Exempt ... paying
tuition fees are UK students entitled ... grants or scholarships. 7) Former polytechnics, as
distinct ... ‘old’ universities, are concerned ... practical subjects. 8) Work and study are in-
tegrated ... a particular programme. 9) Before there were fees only ... overseas students, ...
postgraduates and ... students ... private establishments ... vocational training. 10) Is there
any provision ... adult higher education? 11) The tuition fees ... UK students who are eli-
gible ... a student’s award are paid ... full ... public funds. 12) ... being pensioned ..., people
have a good 15 or 20 years … … them. 13) It is obligatory ... addition ... a university de-
gree to take ... a one-year teacher-training course. 14) Do you live … hall or … lodgings?
15) You probably mean ‘halls … residence’ or ‘halls’ … short. 16) residential blocks … or
attached … a university. 17) There are youth hostels, often shortened … ‘hostels’.
1. Where are teachers trained?
2. What are tuition fees and who is exempt from paying them?
3. What is the difference between former polytechnics and ‘old’ universities?
4. What are specialized institutes?
5. How long does the course last?
6. Which is compulsory, lectures, seminars or tutorials?
7. Is higher education free?
8. Where do many students live?
9. Who heads student groups in colleges and universities?
434 Unit 49
10. What is a monitor?

11. Who are the counterparts of monitors in secondary schools?
12. What do Adult Education Colleges, the Open University and the Open College do?
Exercise 4. Use this table to make up 14 questions, translate and answer them.
specialized institutes?
a monitor?
a group leader?
What do you mean
by a head boy?
What is meant
a prefect?
a head girl?
an Adult Education College?
Exercise 5. Read and translate this excerpt and find in it the answers to these ques-
tions:
1) where the sandwich course got its name,
2) how long an undergraduate degree takes when taught as a sandwich course,
3) where a year is spent by future linguists and engineers, and
4) why teacher training does not need a sandwich course.
SANDWICH COURSE
A course of study which involves a pe- institution. An example of this might

riod of time, often a year, spent gain- be a degree course in a modern lan-
ing practical experience in applying, guage, where a year is spent abroad
and observing the practice of, the sub- in the relevant country, improving
ject being learned. The practical ex- the learner’s language skills. Another
perience constitutes the filling in the would be a degree course in engi-
metaphorical sandwich, being preced- neering which included a year spent
ed and followed by a period of study working within the industry. Such an
at the learner’s college or university. arrangement is distinct from a course
Thus, an undergraduate degree which involving work experience, such as ini-
is taught as a sandwich course will tial teacher training, which normally
normally take four years rather than runs concurrently with, or for limited
the usual three, as the second or third periods between, studies in the insti-
year will be spent working outside the tution.
1) What colleges will be allowed to call themselves universities for the first time?
2) Why?
3) What is the risk involved?
4) How many colleges are to change their status?
SMALL COLLEGES TO BE UNIVERSITIES
By Graeme Paton
Education Editor
SPECIALIST colleges with just 1,000 stu- degree-awarding powers and give
dents will be allowed to call themselves students greater access to subsidised
universities for the first time under grants and loans to take part-time
government reforms being published courses.
today. There are fears that a further expan-
More than a dozen small-scale insti- sion in the number of universities risks
tutions — often specialising in media, devaluing the status of British higher
the arts, education or agriculture — education.
could win the right to full university Prof Alan Smithers, director of the
status as soon as next year, it was re- Centre for Education and Employment
vealed. Research at Buckingham University,
Higher education colleges must at- said universities should be obliged to
tract at least 4,000 fulltime students — teach a range of courses.
at least 3,000 of whom must take de- David Willetts, the universities min-
gree courses — to use the title. But the ister, told The Daily Telegraph: “I want to
Coalition is proposing to cut the mini- see a more diverse higher education
mum threshold to 1,000 students. sector without in any way sacrificing
Ministers claim the move will im- higher education standards.”
prove the status of many small-scale In all, it is believed the tide could
colleges that can already award de- be extended to around 14 institutions,
grees to undergraduates. which already have degree awarding
It follows the publication of other powers and carry out government-
plans to grant private colleges full funded research.
436 Unit 49
Exercise 7. Read and translate these excerpts about the Gap Year (use a dictionary
where necessary). This time the questions to answer are:
1. What is the Gap Year?
2. In what families is it the customary thing?
3. What do young people do during their Gap Year?
4. What experience are they expected to gain?
5. How do they feel compared to other freshers?
Among the educated classes, the eight- thy of official incorporation into adult
eenth-birthday rites are now often fol- society.
lowed by the Gap Year, a passage be- Gap-Year initiates of all classes are
tween school and university involving expected to come back from their Ex-
a more prolonged ‘liminal’ period, in perience transformed into mature, so-
which it is customary for young peo- cially aware, reliable adults, ready to
ple to spend some months travelling take on the enormous challenge and
abroad, often incorporating some kind responsibility of living in a university
of charity work (helping Peruvian vil- hall of residence, doing their own laun-
lagers to build a school, working in a dry and occasionally having to open
Romanian orphanage, saving a rainfor- a tin of beans when they come back
est, digging a well, etc.) and generally from the pub to find that the cafeteria is
seeing the Real (i.e. poor) World and shut. First-year university students who
having meaningful, character-building have ‘done a Gap Year’ regard them-
Experiences. The Gap-Year trip is seen selves as superior to those who have
as a sort of initiation ordeal — a less come ‘straight from school’ — more
arduous version of the custom in some grown-up and worldly wise. They have
tribal societies of sending adolescent a tendency to talk rather smugly about
males off into the jungle or wilderness how much older they feel, compared
for a time to endure a few pains and to the immature, silly, un-Gap-yeared
hardships and prove themselves wor- freshers.
Exercise 8. Read and translate these clippings with the pros and cons of gap years
My son is in Malawi. He is there purely to get hands-on

experience in a job that he is very passionate about.
He worked in low-paid jobs for nine months to fund
his so-called adventure. He found time to volunteer in
the UK as well. His motive? To gain experience in a field
he would love a career in — an area that is very competi-
tive. So anything that boosts his CV is an investment and
not a frivolous adventure.
Donna Hinds, Woodbridge,
Suffolk (Mail Online)
GAP YEARS SEEN AS BRITISH

‘COLONIALISM’
Teenagers who take gap years risk fuelling Britain’s rep-

utation for “colonialism” abroad, research has found.
David Cameron has announced plans for a new In-
ternational Citizen Service, through which thousands
of school-leavers from deprived backgrounds will be
given the opportunity to take gap years which they
would not normally be able to afford.
The Demos report welcomed the “exciting” initia-
tive, which it said could improve the job prospects of
young people. But it said projects must be properly
planned, with support for participants once they re-
turn. “However, there is a risk of such programmes
perpetuating negative stereotypes of Western ‘coloni-
alism’ and ‘charity’: a new way for the West to assert its
power,” the report said.
438 Unit 49

DAILY EXPESS 1.7.2011, p. 9
THREE gap-year students were killed

GAP-YEAR STUDENT DIES when their coach collided head-on
IN CHALET LEAP with another bus on one of Thailand’s
treacherous mountain roads.
AFTER NIGHT ON THE TOWN
A talented straight-A student died on

a gap year after trying to leap 4ft be-
tween two icy chalet roofs at a French
Alpine ski resort after a night out.
Edward De Nunzio, 18, was train-
ing as a ski instructor at the New
Generation Ski School in Courchevel THE MAIL ON SUNDAY 10.7.2011, p. 93
in February when he attempted the
leap with a friend.
But he suffered massive head
GAP YEAR IN A CARE HOME
injuries after falling 16ft. His friend ANYBODY?
Llyr Hughes, who leapt first, told
an inquest in Selby, North Yorks:
“I pointed out this was stupid. As
I turned he was standing and just Gap years are an excuse for a young-
toppled over.” ster to have a year off doing next to
nothing, while mummy and daddy
Edward’s parent gave tribute work out the next stage of their off-
to their “bright and talented” son spring’s career.
who planned to study at University David James,
College, London. Everdon, Northamptonshire
(Mail Online)
MIND THE GAP:

AIM FOR A STRUCTURED APPROACH
Taking a gap year before (or after) uni- There are some caveats, though.
versity offers enticing prospects. While universities are generally
“Graduate employers look favoura- supportive, tutors of some courses,
bly on organised, structured gap years,” such as mathematics and art, discour-
says Chris Slay, managing director of age gap years as they fear students
recruitment specialist Skills Provision. will go “off the boil”. I spent mine as
“They offer young people a chance to a volunteer for Save the Children in
strengthen their ‘soft skills’, such as de- North Africa. I had a terrific time, but
cision-making, relationship-building, when I got to university, writing essays
problem-solving and teamwork. Gap- on the Venerable Bede paled in com-
year experiences also give them some- parison and I never really settled back
thing to talk about in interviews.” into studying.

1) Which of these clippings deal with the pros and which with the cons of gap years?
2) Could a school-leaver’s trip to Malawi be described as an instance of colonialism?
3) What accidents can happen on a gap year?
4) How do you understand the phrase ‘straight-A student’?
5) What are the pros and cons of having a gap year before and after university?
6) At Bank underground station in London, passengers leaving a train can hear the an-
nouncement ‘Mind the gap’. How would you interpret it?
Exercise 9. Read and translate these clippings about student tuition fees (use a dic-
440 Unit 49
JUST THE BEGINNING OF MANY HAPPY RETURNS

According to the National Union of Stu- Students from households with an
dents (NUS), the average living costs income below £42,600 will also be eli-
of a university student total around gible for a non-repayable means-tested
£12,000-13,000 a year. Add on the aver- grant of up to £3,250 per year.
age tuition fees — expected to exceed Some universities sponsor high
£8,000 a year from 2012 — and a univer- achievers in their field or those who
sity education could set your child back want to study with a view to working
more than £60,000. in areas that have a skills shortage, and
From 2012, all students will be able all three armed services have bursaries
to get a non-means-tested loan of up available. Commercial funding for sub-
to £9,000 per year for tuition fees and jects such as business or engineering is
a partially means-tested loan for living sometimes offered, but competition is
expenses. Interest rates are modest and high.
graduates will only have to repay once Most students also top up grant
they start earning more than £21,000 per money with part-time work, but when it
year. After 30 years, any remaining bal- comes to maximising income the most
ance will be written off, so graduates who cost-effective solution is for them to re-
take low-paid jobs or become full-time main living at home. It’s therefore ideal if
carers may never have to repay in full. their university is nearby.
STUDENT FEE LOANS FIASCO
GRADUATES may never pay back tui- Martin Lewis, of the website Money-
tion-fee loans whether they pay £6,000 SavingExpert.com, calculates that those
or £9,000 for their course, it was claimed who start work on salaries of £30,000 are
last night. unlikely to pay off loans after 30 years,
With more than a third of English when the debt is written off.
universities due to charge £9,000 as Students will need to start on aver-
standard from next year, an independ- age £40,000 salaries to pay back £6,000
ent study shows that in terms of repay- loans after 24 years.
ment the course fee is often “irrelevant”. Even those will not pay back £9,000
loans in 30 years.

1) How much does a university education cost per year?
2) What loan are all students able to get?
3) What chance is there of graduates paying back tuition-fee loans?
4) How long may the paying-off take?
5) Who are eligible for a non-repayable grant?
6) How much is it?
7) What categories can expect to be sponsored?
8) What is the most cost-effective solution?
9) How do you think students feel about the steep hike1 of tuition fees?
Exercise 10. These clippings deal with the same problem — how could universities
attract the best students. What details mentioned by the Daily Express were over-
looked by The Daily Telegraph?
FEES CUT FOR TOP STUDENTS
UNIVERSITIES are set to slash tuition middle-ranking institutions on charg-

fees and even offer scholarships in ing the maximum £9,000.
a bid to “buy in” the brightest students. Both Kent and Essex universities are
The deals will be offered to pu- already offering £2,000 to pupils with
pils with at least two А-levels at grade three As at A-level.
A and a grade B. Vice-chancellor of Exeter University
Now a bidding war is likely after Steve Smith said the top universities
the Government said universities can may start “buying” AAB students: “One
recruit as many such high-fliers as they implication is that those students be-
wish. come like gold dust.”
And tens of thousands of other ap-
plicants may benefit from a U-turn by
1
steep hike (syn. rise) — резкое увеличение
442 Unit 49
DAILY TELEGRAPH 1.8.2011, p. 5
UNIVERSITIES TO WAIVE FEES TO ATTRACT BEST STUDENTS
Universities are preparing a bidding war the new fees system comes into force
to “buy” the brightest А-level students from 2012.
with offers of scholarships and cut price Prof Steve Smith, of the vice-chan-
tuition fees. cellors’ umbrella group, Universities UK,
Under government reforms, univer- said these students would be “like gold
sities will be able to recruit as many stu- dust” for the reputations of leading insti-
dents as they wish who achieve at least tutions.
two As and a В in their А-levels, when
Exercise 11. This excerpt deals with attitude of different classes to higher education.
Read and translate it (use a dictionary where necessary). Find in it the answers to
these questions:
1. What did the upper class and aristocracy think of higher education?
2. How did they look upon the middle class reverence for higher education?
3. What did they prefer to it?
4. How and why are their attitudes changing?
Until relatively recently, the upper class and aristocracy were determinedly anti-in-
tellectual (a trait they shared, along with a penchant for sport and gambling, with
the working classes), and rather looked down upon the middle classes’ reverence for
higher education. Their sons might go to university, but this was not regarded as es-
sential — a spell in the army or at agricultural college or something would do just
as well — and academic achievement was even less important for their daughters.
Lady Diana Spencer never seemed particularly ashamed of her total lack of academic
qualifications, joking cheerfully in public speeches about her dismal О-level results
and how ‘thick’ she was. A middle-class girl would have been mortified. These atti-
tudes are changing a little, particularly among the lower or less wealthy echelons of
the upper class, whose offspring must now compete with the university-educated
middle classes for the best jobs.
Exercise 12. The article below describes some tricks British students use when cheat-
ing in university exams. How do these compare with those used by ours?
HUNDREDS CHEAT AT UNI
HUNDREDS of students are caught cheating in university exams

every year — with some very imaginative methods. While many
use old tricks such as copying, smuggling in notes and writing for-
mulae on their arms, others got answers texted to them on their
mobiles or sneaked onto the internet while using computers dur-
ing tests.
***
If was a sleepy sort of day, the class was about half the usual size, and the Prof. was
calling the roll in a half-absent manner. To each name someone had answered “here” un-
til the name Smith was called. Silence reigned supreme for a moment, only to be broken
by the Prof ’s voice: “My word! Hasn’t Mr. Smith any friends here?”
***
John Poisoner had answered all the questions correctly so far, even the last one con-
cerning the drug which should be used in the particular case.
Professor Syringe looked at the young student approvingly and thought he would
make a fine doctor. However, the examination was not over yet.
“Here’s an easy one for you,” said the professor, giving the student a friendly look.
“What’s the dosage to be used in the case you’ve just described? The drug you suggested
was, to my mind, the best you could think of; what I want to know now is the dosage.”
“A tablespoonful,” replied the student in a strong voice.
“I beg your pardon,” asked the professor who thought he had not heard well.
“A tablespoonful,” repeated the student in a somewhat weaker voice.
444 Unit 49
“Thank you!” said the examiner whose face had turned red for apparently no reason
at all. “Thank you,” repeated the professor and there was nothing left but to stand up and
leave the room. As John Poisoner was making for the door, he suddenly realized what
a mistake he had made. He turned round and said: “I’m sorry, sir, the dosage is six drops
only.”
“Too late,” answered the professor, “the man you attended to is dead.”
***
One of the major embarrassments to which lecturers are submitted is the audience’s
looking at their watches. I was on a programme with another lecturer one evening, and
I asked him if he found that very irritating.
“No,” he said carefully. “Not until they start shaking them.”
Vocabulary notes
apparently — по-видимому, очевидно to make for the door — направляться
approvingly — одобрительно к двери
to attend to smb — зд.: лечить кого-л. My word! — Боже мой! О боже!
to break the silence — нарушать мол- particular case — данный /конкретный
чание случай
to call the roll — делать перекличку poisoner — отравитель
carefully — зд.: тщательно подбирая prof = professor
слова silence reigned [rend] supreme — во-
dosage [dsd] — дозировка царилось гробовое молчание
drop — капля to submit smb to smth — подвергать
embarrassment — затруднительное кого-л. чему-л.; зд.: попадать (в затруд-
положение нительное положение)
for a moment — на мгновение syringe [srnd] — шприц
in a half-absent manner — полурас- tablespoonful — столовая ложка
сеянно to turn red — (по)краснеть
irritating — раздражающий to turn round — оборачиваться, пово-
major — серьёзный рачиваться
to make a fine doctor — стать хорошим
врачом
Exercise 14. Here are some opinions about education by famous personalities. Do
you share them? If you do, why?
***
He who would, may reach the utmost height — but he must be anxious to learn.
Buddha
***
Think wrongly, if you please, but in all cases think for yourself.
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
(1729–1781)
***
Nothing in education is so astonishing as the amount of ignorance it accumulates in the
form of inert facts.
Henry Brooks Adams, American
historian (1838–1918)
Vocabulary notes
to accumulate — накапливать, аккуму- He who would — Тот, кто захочет
лировать ignorance — невежество
to be anxious — очень хотеть inert [nt] — инертный, ненужный
astonishing — удивительно utmost height — большие высоты
50
446 Chapter 10 Unit
Higher education
(2)
Dialogue
Mike: Gregory, have you ever been to an English college, university or polytechnic?
Gregory: Yes, several times. Brockenhurst Further Education College, Southampton
University, Bournemouth Polytechnic and Imperial College of Science, Technology and
Medicine (London).
М.: What did you do there?
G.: At Brockenhurst Further Education College and at Southampton University I gave
talks on Modern Russian history.
М.: But students of a further education college are boys and girls of 16 and 17. I doubt
that they are interested in Russian history.
G.: But they are. I remember a boy asking me in 1992 if Russia was still a great power.
М.: And what did you tell him?
G.: Naturally, the truth. I said, “Economically, it isn’t. But as regards the size of its terri-
tory, it is. Britain could fit many times into Russia”.
М.: How did they take your talk?
G.: Gave me a standing ovation. Moreover, they even saw me to my car and on the way
proudly pointed out to me the plaque
In memory of former pupils

of this school who gave their
lives in the world wars
1914–1918 1939–1945
М.: And what did you do at Bournemouth Polytechnic?
G.: They invited me because they hoped I would help them get students from Russia.
М.: And did you?
G.: I gave their prospectus to my university in Moscow. Whether they sent any students
to Bournemouth or not I don’t know.
М.: What did you go to Imperial College for?
G.: To hand my colleague’s letter to an acquaintance of his. In 1992, our Postal Service
was not reliable enough.
М.: Was that all?
G.: No, the departmental superintendent (the recipient of the letter) and another profes-
sor used that opportunity to take me to lunch at a bistro.
М.: Very hospitable people, aren’t they?
G.: Not quite. The point is that it was an expense account lunch. They are permitted to
entertain foreign professors at the expense of their college. So they used that opportunity
to eat the most expensive dishes on the menu and drink the choicest wines.
М.: Did you attend lectures there?
G.: No, I got there towards the end of lectures and saw students coming from a lecture
theatre.
Vocabulary notes
as regards — что касается on the way — по пути, в пути
choicest — отборный postal service — служба почтовой
departmental superintendent — заве- связи
дующий кафедрой recipient — получатель
to entertain — зд.: принимать (гостя); to see smb to a place — проводить
ср. выше: to е. — развлекать кого-л. куда-л.
expense — расход standing ovation — овация стоя
е. account — отчёт о расходах, под- to give smb a s. o. — устроить кому-л.
лежащих компенсации администра- овацию стоя (ср. также:
цией to receive a s. o.)
at the е. of their college — за счёт technology — техника; ср. выше: design
своего колледжа t. — техника дизайна, information and
to fit — зд.: умещаться communication technology — инфор-
great power — великая держава матика
imperial — имперский to use an opportunity; ср. выше: syn. to
lecture theatre — ярусная поточная seize an opportunity — воспользоваться
аудитория возможностью
es and sentences:
по дороге с гордостью указали мне на табличку; ленч со счётом, подлежащим
оплате администрацией; Не совсем; Но что касается размеров её территории, да;
Я провел беседы о современной истории России; Дело в том, что; Передать пись-
мо моего коллеги его знакомому; «Сомневаюсь, что их интересует история Рос-
сии». — «Но она их действительно интересует»; Памяти бывших учеников; за счёт
своего колледжа; воспользовались этой возможностью; Устроили мне овацию
стоя; была недостаточно надёжна; Как они восприняли вашу беседу?; Более того;
В экономическом отношении — нет; Послали они студентов в Борнмут или нет,
не знаю; они проводили меня до машины; воспользовались этой возможностью,
чтобы пригласить меня на ленч в бистро; которые отдали свою жизнь; Помню,
один мальчик спросил меня; Великобритания могла бы много раз уместиться на
территории России.

1) Britain could fit many times ... Russia. 2) What did you go ... Imperial College ...?
3) Have you ever been ... an English college? 4) They used that opportunity to eat the
most expensive dishes ... the menu. 5) They saw me ... my car and ... the way proudly
pointed … … me a plaque. 6) I gave talks ... Modern Russian history. 7) They are permit-
ted to entertain foreign professors ... the expense ... their college. 8) I doubt that they are
interested ... Russian history. 9) ... memory ... former pupils ... this school.
448 Unit 50

1. What talks were given in Brockenhurst and Southampton?
2. How did the students at Brockenhurst Further Education College take the talk on
Modern Russian history?
3. What was the administration of Bournemouth Polytechnic interested in?
4. What was the reason for a visit to Imperial College?
5. How did that visit end?
6. What would you call a lecture hall tiered1 so that all students have a view of the teacher
(or lecturer) and whatever resources2 or visual aids3 are used?
Exercise 4. In these dialogues, shorten B’s answers and questions as in examples b.
a) A: Is there any provision for adult higher education?
B: There is provision for adult higher education.
b) A: Is there any provision for adult higher education?
B: There is.
11. A: I doubt that they are interested in Russian history.
B: But they are interested in Russian history.
12. A: Have you got an international driving licence?
В: I have an international driving licence.
13. A: Can you refuse to pick me up?
B: Normally, I can’t refuse to pick you up.
14. A: Let’s check if the walls in this flat are soundproof enough.
B: Yes, let’s check if the walls in this flat are soundproof enough.
15. A: At last we are alone.
B: No, you aren’t alone.
16. A: Was there any loss of life?
B: Fortunately, there was not any loss of life.
17. A: Did you go in?
В: I did not go in yet.
18. A: That’s a pretty well-known name, isn’t it?
B: It should be a pretty well-known name.
19. A: Grammar schools are pretty old, aren’t they?
B: Some of them are pretty old.
10. A: Are fares on Night Buses the same as on Day Buses?
B: They are not the same as on Day Buses.
11. A: They invited me because they hoped I would help them get students from Russia.
B: And did you help them get students from Russia?
12. A: I asked the teachers if they had streaming.
B: And do they have streaming?
1
tier [t] — ярус, to t. — располагать ярусами
2
resources — зд.: материалы
3
visual aid — наглядное пособие
a) A: Do you clean carpets?

B: We clean carpets.
b) A: Do you clean carpets?
B: We do.
13. A: Did you like it?
В: I liked it.
14. A: Do pupils there wear school uniforms?
B: They wear school uniforms.
15. A: Didn’t the doctor tell you to give up smoking?
B: He told me to give up smoking.
Exercise 5. Lengthen B’s answers as in the example:
a) A: Is there a shower at the property?
B: Certainly.
b) A: Is there a shower at the property?
1. A: Is there any difference between the terms “further” and “higher”?
B: Certainly.
2. A: Are there sightseeing boats?
B: Certainly.
3. A: Do you require a deposit?
B: Certainly.
4. A:Do you have compulsory and request stops?
B: Certainly.
51
450450 Chapter
Chapter
3 1 Unit
Academic degrees
and ranks
(2) Accidents
Dialogue
Gregory: What academic degrees are awarded?
Mike: There are first degrees and higher degrees (or ‘postgraduate degrees’). First degrees
are awarded upon graduation, that is after 3 or 4 years of study and passing exams and/or
writing a research paper. The opinion of your tutor is also taken into account. Exams are
marked out of a 100 (a 100% means ‘no mistakes’). The first degrees are: BA (Bachelor of
Arts), BSc(Bachelor of Science), BEd(ucation), BEng(ineering), LLB (Bachelor of Laws).
First degrees fall into pass degrees (ordinary degrees) and honours degrees. To get a pass
degree, one has to score 45 to 55% (in case of less than 45% it’s a fail). Honours degrees
are awarded to those who score over 55%.
55 — 60% — (a) 3rd class honours (degree) (infml a third)
60 — 65% — 2nd class honours, division 2 (infml a two-two) (lower second class)
65 — 75% — 2nd class honours, division 1 (infml a two-one) (upper second class)
75% + (= 75% or over) — 1st class honours (infml a first) — usually one student in a thou-
sand.
1st class honours and 2nd class honours, division 1, are bright enough to do postgraduate
studies and to get good jobs.
Honours degrees are designated BA (Hons), BSc (Hons), etc.
G.: What higher degrees are there?
М.: There are three higher degrees: Master, Doctor and Higher doctorate.
G.: Is there an equivalent to the Russian degree ‘Candidate of Science’?
М.: This would rank between the first two higher degrees, i.e. between a master and
a doctor.
There are two kinds of master’s degree.
The first involves 2 years of postgraduate work (occasionally — 1 year), after which one
has to do 3 examination papers plus one piece of research (20,000 words, — 150 pages).
These are MA, MSc, MSoc(ial)Sc, MEng, MEd, LLM-Master of Laws.
The second follows the first and takes 2 or 3 more years of research. You produce a
100,000 words thesis. The degrees awarded are MLitt (Master of Letters), MPhil (Master
of Philosophy). Sometimes these are awarded to those who failed to get their PhD (Doc-
tor of Philosophy) degrees.
As to the latter, it takes 3 to 5 years of research and writing a long paper on a subject
(200,000 words).
G.: Are there any other Doctor’s degrees besides Doctor of Philosophy?
Academic degrees and ranks 451
М.: The degree PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) is awarded not only to philosophers. The
word ‘philosophy’ is used here in a broad, that is ancient, sense — love of wisdom.
G.: Does the term ‘higher doctorate’ correspond to the Russian doctor’s degree?
М.: It more or less does. It involves a substantial piece of research. Holders of this degree are
usually professors, senior members of university departments. Depending on where you do
it, the degree is designated as DLitt (Doctor of letters), DPhil (a Higher Doctorate of Philos-
ophy) for arts subjects, DSc (Doctor of Science) for science subjects, LLD (Doctor of Laws).
These differ from the Russian doctorate in that they do not involve the writing of a thesis.
A person wishing to apply for such a degree submits his published works to a board, or
committee, who then decide whether these works justify the award of the degree.
G.: What grants do postgraduate students get?
М.: For postgraduates, grants are not mandatory, but discretionary. Bright students,
for instance, those with first class honours, may get money from the British Academy,
although this is very difficult and instead of a grant you may get a t.n.y. letter. Those
engaged in technical, more practical, research may be financed by the Government De-
partment or Ministry concerned or a private company interested in your research. Occa-
sionally, postgraduates get grants from the university which they graduated from. Failing
that, you will have to pay for yourself. Fees are very high, several thousand a year.
G.: What academic ranks are there in your universities and colleges of education?
M.: Lecturer, senior/principal lecturer, reader, and professor. For example, a reader in
education.
G.: What is their teaching load?
M.: That varies. The higher the academic rank, the smaller the load. In some universities
and higher education institutions, teachers’ conditions of service require that they be
allowed a proportion of their working hours for scholarly activity, which may include
research, reading, or writing. Besides full-timers, there are part-timers. Some of the latter
are paid an hourly rate.
G.: What is the difference between ‘chair’ and ‘department’?
M.: A department is a division of a university or a college, whereas a chair is the position
of being university professor.
Vocabulary notes
academic rank — должность препода- В. of Engineering (BEng) — бакалавр
вателя вуза технических наук
ancient [en
nt] — древний B. of laws (LLB) — бакалавр юриди-
to award — присуждать; ср. выше: a. — ческих наук
аттестат В. of Science (BSc) — бакалавр точ-
bachelor — 1) холостяк, 2) бакалавр ных или естественных наук
В. of Arts (BA) — бакалавр гумани- board — совет, комиссия
тарных наук chair — профессорская должность
В. of Education (BEd) — бакалавр concerned — соответствующий
педагогических наук to correspond to smth — соответство-
вать чему-л.
452 Unit 51
Vocabulary notes
degree — степень full-timer — преподаватель-ставочник
academic d. — ученая степень (ср.: part-timer — почасовик, совме-
bachelor’s d. — степень бакалавра ститель на неполный ставке)
doctor’s d. — степень доктора higher educational institution — выс-
first d. — начальная степень шее учебное заведение
higher d., syn. postgraduate d., AE holder — зд.: носитель (степени)
advanced d. — высшая степень hourly rate — почасовая оплата (hourly
honours d. — диплом с отличием paid lecturer — преподаватель-почасо-
master’s d. — степень магистра вик)
pass d. — обычный диплом, syn. to involve — зд.: требовать
ordinary d. to justify — оправдывать
to hold a d. — иметь учёную степень lecturer — преподаватель (должность)
to receive a d. — получить учёную senior l. — старший преподаватель,
степень syn. principal l.
department — 1) управление, отдел; ср. mandatory — обязательный; см. выше:
выше: d. — отделение, 2) кафедра; ср. syn. compulsory, obligatory
выше: departmental — кафедральный master — магистр
discretionary — на усмотрение руко- Master of Arts (MA) — магистр
водства гуманитарных наук
to designate [deznet]– обозначать Master of Education (MEd) — ма-
division — зд.: категория гистр педагогических наук
doctor Master of Engineering (MEng) — ма-
D. of Laws (LLD) — доктор юриди- гистр технических наук
ческих наук Master of Laws (LLM) — магистр
D. of Letters (DLitt) — доктор лите- юридических наук
ратуроведения Master of Letters (MLitt) — магистр
D. of Philosophy (PhD) литературоведения
[piet
di] — доктор философии Master of Philosophy (MPhil) — ма-
(~ кандидат наук) гистр философии
D. of Science (DSc) — доктор точных Master of Science (MSc) — магистр
или естественных наук точных или естественных наук
doctorate — кандидатская степень Master of Social Science(s)
Higher doctorate — докторская (MSocSc) — магистр общественных
степень наук
Higher Doctorate of Philosophy occasionally; syn. sometimes — иногда
(DPhil) — доктор философских наук paper — зд.: работа
(доктор наук) examination p. — экзаменационная
to be engaged in smth — заниматься работа
чем-л. research p. — исследование, научная
failing that — при отсутствии этого; работа
в противном случае piece — зд.: экземпляр, работа
to fall into — подразделяться на
Vocabulary notes
postgraduate studies — занятия substantial — солидный, значитель-
в аспирантуре ный, немалый
to do p. s. — заниматься в аспирантуре to take smth into account — принимать
to rank — считаться что-л. в расчёт, во внимание; учиты-
reader — доцент (должность) вать что-л.
r. in education — доцент-специалист thesis [iss]; syn. dissertation — дис-
по педагогике сертация
research — научно-исследовательская to produce a t. — написать диссер-
работа тацию
scholarly activity — повышение науч- t. n. y. = try next year
но-педагогической квалификации typically — зд.: как правило
to score — набирать (баллы) wisdom [wzdm] — мудрость
Exercise 1. In the dialogue above, find the equivalents of these Russian phrases and
sentences:
Эта степень обычно есть у профессоров; присуждать учёную степень; Для первой
необходимо два года учёбы в аспирантуре; по окончании вуза; соответствующее
министерство; что касается последней; Мнение вашего куратора также принима-
ется во внимание; Для них не требуется написания диссертации; Они, как прави-
ло, получают степень магистра; решают, заслуживают ли эти труды присуждения
степени; достаточно способные, чтобы учиться в аспирантуре; кто не сумел полу-
чить степень доктора философии.

1) The word is used here ... a broad sense. 2) Honours degrees are awarded ... those who
score ... 55%. 3) Instead ... a grant you may get a t.n.y. letter. 4) These differ ... the Russian
doctorate ... that they do not involve the writing ... a thesis. 5) one student ... a thousand.
6) A person wishing to apply ... such a degree submits his published works ... a board.
7) The opinion ... your tutor is also taken ... account. 8) Those engaged ... technical, more
practical, research may be financed ... the Government Department or Ministry con-
cerned or a private company interested ... your research. 9) As ...PhD, it takes 3 ... 5 years
... research and writing a long paper ... a subject. 10) In Scotland, students usually spend
one more year studying ... their degrees than students ... the rest ... the UK. 11) Occasion-
ally, postgraduates get grants ... the university which they graduated .... 12) First degrees
are awarded ... graduation, that is 3 or 4 years ... study. 13) love ... wisdom. 14) You will
have to pay ... yourself. 15) To get a pass degree one has to score 45 ... 55%. 16) depending
... where you do it. 17) First degrees fall ... pass degrees and honours degrees. 18) Exams
are marked … … a 100. 19) Are there any other Doctor’s degrees ... Doctor ... Philoso-
phy? 20) This would rank ... the first two higher degrees.
454 Unit 51

1. What two groups do academic degrees fall into?
2. What first degrees are there?
3. What two groups do first degrees fall into?
4. What three higher degrees are there in the UK?
5. How are master’s degrees subdivided?
6. Who is entitled to get a PhD degree?
7. What was his specialisation?
here the answers to these questions:
1. How old was the new Bachelor of Science when he gained his degree1?
2. What do you think 2:1 stands for?
3. What descendants2 has he?
4. What did he specialise in?
THE SUN 22.7.2005, p. 19
ERNIE IS A BSc AT 84
RETIRED binman Ernie Sharp has gained a degree —

at 84.
War veteran Ernie graduated with a 2:1 BSc in
Waste Management and Pollution Control.
The great-grandad, who left school without any
formal qualifications, said: “This goes to show that
age doesn’t matter.”
necessary).
1
to gain one’s degree — получить учёную степень (syn. to obtain one’s degree)
2
descendant — потомок
FOUNDATION DEGREE
A two-year degree course, usually ditional study in higher education to

taught in university or a college of fur- achieve an honours degree. The foun-
ther or higher education, and focusing dation degree was introduced primar-
on a vocationally related area of study. ily as an additional means of building
Introduced in 2001, this degree can be a more highly skilled workforce, and its
awarded in the Arts (Foundation De- implementation has involved coopera-
gree Arts, FDA), the Sciences (Fd.Sc.), tion between employers, trainers, and
or in specific vocational fields such as professional bodies, as well as colleges
law (FDL) or engineering (FDE). Further and higher education institutions. It
education providers offer foundation was designed to recruit primarily from
degrees in partnership with a univer- those in the 20–30 age group of the
sity or other institution of higher edu- population who have not engaged
cation; and successful students can with higher education through more
go to ‘top up’ their qualification by ad- traditional routes.
BACCALAUREATE WAS RUSHED, WARN MPS
THE Government’s new English Bacca- maths, science, history or geography

laureate was “rushed” and risks “shoe- and a modern foreign language at GCSE.
horning” pupils into taking inappropri- The measure is now included in
ate qualifications, MPs have warned. league tables, allowing schools to be
In a report, the cross-party group rated on the proportion of their pupils
of MPs raised concerns over the speed achieving the benchmark.
at which the measure was introduced The report said that concentrating
and the impact it may have on pupils on these academic subjects, which are
from disadvantaged backgrounds. The most valued by universities, could mean
prescription of the EBacc did not cater that schools will focus on improving
for the differences between pupils, and the attainment of their lowest-perform-
could result in some being forced into ing pupils. The EBacc may also lead to
taking subjects to which they were not schools focusing on pupils on the bor-
suited, it warned. der between getting С and D grades,
The EBacc is awarded to teenagers neglecting failing pupils, who are often
who gain at least a С grade in English, from poorer backgrounds.
456 Unit 51
I’M A BACHELOR OF BURGEROLOGY
By Hilary Douglas
EDUCATION EDITOR
BURGER chain McDonald’s has just and paid for me to attend days at assess-
awarded degrees to the first set of grad- ment centres and our national training
uates who have studied for its business centre.”
qualifications. Over the course, each student must
The fast food giant designed the devote 2,400 hours to study and re-
course along with Manchester Metro- search. Tom added: “I have the studying
politan University after being awarded bug and would like to find a way to ex-
the right to set up its own official de- tend this qualification to a full honours
grees. degree.”
One of the first graduates to pick up James Cottrell, 27, said: “The chance
his McDonald’s Managing Business Op- to study for the foundation degree was
eration degree was Tom Moore, now an a fantastic opportunity to do a formal
area manager running five restaurants business qualification.”
in Somerset. McDonald’s also gives employees
The 29-year-old, who started with the chance to study maths and English.
the company when studying А-levels, So far it has awarded more than 22,000
said: “McDonald’s helped with the fees qualifications.

1. What other degrees exist or are about to be introduced besides the academic degrees
listed above?
2. Who is entitled to them?
3. How do you interpret the headline ‘I’m a Bachelor of Burgerology’?

A: Isn’t Harry to get married?
B: I don’t think so, because he has been studying for a bachelor’s degree all this time.
52
457 Chapter 1 Unit
The British Library

(1) Admission
Dialogue
A: I need to use the British Library.
B: The British Library is a research library, not a public reference library. Admission to
the Library cannot be guaranteed. Access to the reading rooms is provided to those who
have reached a point in their research where no other library can adequately supply all
the information required, or who can demonstrate a legitimate need to use items in the
collection to further their research.
A: So how do I get admission to the British Library?
B: Admission is by interview and applicants are required to demonstrate that they need
access to the reading rooms because material that they need to consult is not available
elsewhere, their work or studies require the facilities of a large research library or they
need access to public records.
A: Supposing I fail to meet these requirements, what then?
B: Then you may be referred to an appropriate specialist or public library (there are close
to 1,000 in Greater London) more suited to your research needs.
A: And if I do meet the admissions criteria?
B: Then you will need to complete a registration form and provide proof of identity bear-
ing a signature (cheque card, driving licence or passport).
A: What’s the next step?
B: You’ll be given a Reader Pass.
A: Valid for how long?
B: Postgraduate students and academic staff are given a three year pass if they can pro-
duce one of following:
— a letter from their institution, on headed paper from someone in a position of author-
ity, signed and dated. This should confirm the name of the applicant, status and the level
of the course studied, and an outline of the reasons for needing to use the Library,
— a faculty/staff card, or contract,
— a postgraduate student card, an acceptance letter or a registration form which clearly
states the level of the course.
Students at undergraduate level needing access to research level material will be issued
with a short term pass if their college, or other libraries, do not
hold the material they need and they can produce:
— a letter of recommendation from the course tutor or college
librarian signed and dated. This should confirm the name of
the course and give a list of specific items required or a de-
scription of the need to use the Library, and state other librar-
ies or sources that have been used.
A: Do I need to bring a photo?
458 Unit 52
B: No, there’s no need to. While you’re sitting in the Reader Admissions Office you will
be asked to look down at a screen and a snapshot taken from below will appear on your
Reader Pass (p. 455).
(To be continued)
Vocabulary notes
acceptance — зачисление to further — способствовать; см. выше:
access — доступ syn. to promote
on open a. — в открытом доступе headed paper — служебный бланк
adequately — адекватно identity — личность
admission — допуск, зд.: запись чита- legitimate — законный, закономерный
телей library
to get a. to smth — получать допуск public l. — публичная библиотека
куда-л. reference l. — справочная библиотека
applicant — подающий заявку/заявле- research l. — научная библиотека
ние на что-л.; зд.: желающий записать- specialist l. — специализированная
ся в библиотеку; ср. выше: to apply for библиотека
smth — подать заявку на что-л. outline — изложение
bearing a signature — с подписью pass
card — карточка, удостоверение Reader P. — читательский пропуск,
cheque с. — банковская чековая кар- пропуск в библиотеку
точка (дающая право выписывать short term p. — пропуск на корот-
кий срок
чеки на определённую сумму)
to issue smb with a p. — выдавать
faculty с. — удостоверение препо-
кому-л. пропуск
давателя
point — зд.: стадия
postgraduate с. — удостоверение
position of authority — руководящая/
аспиранта
ответственная должность
staff с. — служебное удостоверение
public records — архивные материалы
student с. — студенческий билет reader admissions office — регистрату-
collection — зд.: книжный фонд ра, «Запись читателей»
to consult smth — зд.: ознакомиться reading room — читальный зал
с чем-л.; ср. выше: to с. a dictionary — to refer smb to — отсылать кого-л. куда-л.
посмотреть что-л. в словаре reference — ссылка, справка, справоч-
criteria; syn. demands, requirements — ный
критерии, требования registration form — регистрационный
to meet с.; syn. to meet demands/ бланк
requirements — отвечать/соответство- screen — экран
вать/ удовлетворять требованиям source — источник
to date — проставлять дату specific — конкретный
to demonstrate –зд.: подтверждать, to state — зд.: указывать
доказывать to supply — зд.: обеспечивать; см.
faculty — факультет, зд.: преподава- выше: syn. to provide
тельский состав term — зд.: срок
The British Library 459
es and sentences:
если они могут представить список конкретных нужных им наименований книг;
доказать, что им требуется доступ в читальные залы; оправданная потребность;
Вас могут направить в соответствующую специализированную библиотеку; кто
достиг такой стадии в своих исследованиях; заполнить регистрационный бланк;
А если я не буду отвечать этим требованиям, что тогда?; с подписью и датой; сту-
дентам будет выдаваться краткосрочный пропуск; делать моментальный снимок;
возможности большой научно-исследовательской библиотеки; изложение при-
чин, по которым необходимо воспользоваться библиотекой; Запись читателей
производится после беседы с ними; больше соответствует профилю вашей науч-
ной работы; не может обеспечить всю необходимую информацию; удостоверить
вашу личность; материалов, с которыми они желают ознакомиться, больше нигде
нет; письмо от своей организации на бланке.

1) reasons ... needing to use the Library. 2) a snapshot taken ... below. 3) admission ... the
library. 4) to look … … a screen. 5) access ... the reading rooms. 6) students ... under-
graduate level. 7) a letter ... their institution, ... headed paper ... someone ... a position ...
authority. 8) Undergraduates will be issued ... a short term pass. 9) access is provided ...
readers. 10) proof ... identity. 11) admission is ... interview. 12) A reader pass is valid ...
three years. 13) You may be referred ... another library.

1. Who is access to the reading rooms provided to?
2. How does one get admission to the British Library?
3. If you don’t get admission to the British Library, what then?
4. How long is a reader pass valid for?
5. What are applicants to produce?
6. How is a reader’s photo taken?
Exercise 4. Rewrite these sentences as in b.

а) Can you get off work1? (will have to)
b) Can you get off work? You will have to.
Вы сможете отлучиться с работы? Вам придётся.
1. I haven’t done it for years (had to).

2. I’ll go halves2 with you (would like to).
3. I did not wish to tell (mean).
1
to get off work — закончить работу, отлучиться с работы
2
to go halves — поделиться поровну
460 Unit 52
Exercise 5. Combine A’s questions and statements with B’s replies to make 5 short
dialogues.
А B
1. Do you think you’re ready to see her? 1. I’d have to.
2. Would you let them do it? 2. They didn’t have to.
3. You really think it would work? 3. I have to.
4. I don’t want to get over1 Billy. 4. But you have to.
5. They didn’t fight back. 5. It has to.
Exercise 6. Use this substitution table to make up 20 short dialogues.

A В
Come and see me. ‘m going
Finish your education. like
‘d
Go sit with the boys. I love
to.
Quick, follow that cab!
How about running round with me in the
have
car and taking a look at it?
Exercise 7. Read and memorise these short dialogues. Make up 4 similar ones with
the phrases in italic type2.
1. A: Do I need to bring a photo?
B: No, there’s no need to.
2. A: How’ll I get back to my place, after?
B: You won’t have to.
3. A: Did I say I disapproved of3 him?
B: You didn’t have to.
4. A: I’ll go with you.
B: No, you don’t have to.
Exercise 8. Read and memorise this joke. Tell it to a comrade as soon as you have
a chance to4.
Chief clerk: Why don’t you laugh when the boss tells a joke?
Office boy: I don’t have to. I quit5 on Saturday.
1
to get over smth/smb — пережить (горе, утрату)
2
italic type — курсив; см. выше: italicized — выделенный курсивом
3
to disapprove of smth/smb — не одобрять что-л./чьё-л. поведение
4
as soon as you have a chance to — как только вам представится возможность
5
to quit — уходить, увольняться
53
461 Chapter 1 Unit
The British Library

(2) The Humanities Reading
Room
Dialogue
A: What is the next thing I do when get my Reader Pass?
B: Leave your coat and bag in the cloakroom. A clear plastic carrier bag is provided for
things you take to the reading rooms.
A: Why clear?
B: So that Security staff may see what you’re taking with you out of the reading room.
A: Who do I show my Reader Pass to?
B: To Security staff at the entrance to the reading room.
A: What do I do after I have found an unoccupied desk?
B: Take a note of the number marked on the desk, e. g. 2140, and give it to the staff at the
Issue desk.
A: What for?
B: After you have ordered the items you need, a light on the desk panel in front of you
will alert you when an item has arrived.
A: And if I am not at my desk at the moment?
B: Never mind. The light will stay on for about 90 minutes.
A: How do I order the material I need?
B: First of all, browse the Integrated Catalogue for items you wish to order.
A: And then?
B: Order the items you need via the same catalogue. The Integrated Catalogue informs
you whether the item is available, and whether it is stored on site or is outhoused. Re-
turn to your desk and wait for the light to go on. Then collect the item from the Issue
desk.
A: How does the Integrated Catalogue signal if a book is available or not?
B: If a book is available, the Catalogue says ‘Can Be Ordered’. If not, the wording is ‘Book
in use’. When you have ordered it, the Catalogue says ‘Requested’.
A: How many books can I order at a time?
B: As of 2006, the request limit was 10 books per day. But you can extend your request
limit if you prove why you need it.
A: And when I am finished with the book?
B: Then return it to the same Issue desk.
A: Supposing I haven’t finished it?
B: When asked by the staff at the Issue desk ‘Are you finished with this book?’, say ‘No,
please reserve it for me’.
A: How many items do they keep at a time and for how long?
462 Unit 53
B: Space permitting, the Issue desk will keep up to 6 books for up to 3 days. There is
a notice there:
Please note
Only 6 volumes
are allowed
to be kept on reserve
A: And what if I don’t know the first thing about the Integrated Catalogue and how to
use it?
B: You are not the only one. For readers like you there is a Reader Education Service
which provides a general introduction to the services at the Library and training in how
to use the Integrated Catalogue. You will be given an explanation of it and a chance to
‘have a go’ for yourself. Those with no prior experience of using the Integrated Catalogue
find the sessions especially helpful. When I first came to the Library, I was a greenhorn
like you. In about an hour, I was so good at it that I could teach any new reader myself.
A: When does the Library close?
B: Monday to Friday at 8pm, and on Saturday — at 5pm. To remind you of the closing
time they announce on the Public Address System, ‘The Library will close in 10 minutes.
Will please the readers return their books and make their way to the cloakroom?’
Vocabulary notes
to alert — предупреждать, давать знать humanities; syn. arts — гуманитарные
as of fml — по состоянию на науки
at a time — за (один) раз; ср. выше: at introduction — зд.: ознакомление
times — временами Issue desk — кафедра выдачи и воз-
book врата литературы
to collect a b. — забирать книгу item — зд.: книга, журнал
to issue a b. — выдавать книгу light — зд.: лампочка
to reserve a b. — оставлять книгу the l. goes on — лампочка загорается
(для читателя) the l. stays on — лампочка продол-
b. in use — книга занята; ср. выше: жает гореть
room in use — гостиничный номер to make one’s way — направляться
занят never mind — не важно, не имеет
clear; syn. transparent — прозрачный значения
closing time — время закрытия not to know the first thing about
e. g. = for example smth — ничего не смыслить в чём-л.
especially — особенно notice — объявление
to extend — продлевать to outhouse — хранить вне основного
to be good at smth — хорошо уметь здания библиотеки
делать что-л., быть успешным в чём-л. per day fml — в день
greenhorn — новичок plastic — пластиковый
to have a go — попробовать prior — предшествующий, предыду-
щий
Vocabulary notes
request limit — норма заказа to signal — давать сигнал, оповещать
Requested — Заказана site — зд.: основное здание библиотеки
to reserve a book, syn. to keep a book off s. — вне основного здания би-
on reserve — держать книгу на номере блиотеки
читателя on s. — в основном здании библио-
Security staff — контролёры теки
service — служба, обслуживание to store — хранить
Reader Education S. — Служба ин- to take a note — брать на заметку, за-
структажа читателей поминать
services — услуги unoccupied — незанятый
session — зд.: занятия volume — том, зд.: книга
es and sentences:
Когда я впервые пришёл в библиотеку, я был новичком вроде вас; Закажите
нужную литературу через тот же каталог; Книга свободна; Книга занята; Вы не
один такой; Особенно полезными такие занятия считают те, у кого не было опыта
пользования компьютерными каталогами; если есть место; Поищите в каталоге
книги, которые хотите заказать; Примерно через час я настолько освоил его,
что сам мог обучать любого нового читателя; Что мне делать после получения
читательского пропуска?; Сколько книг они сохраняют за один раз и как долго?;
Вам объяснят систему и дадут возможность потренироваться; А если я ничего
не смыслю в компьютерных каталогах и в пользовании ими?; А если в это время
меня не будет за столом?; Попросите сотрудников кафедры выдачи и возврата
литературы оставить книгу для вас; Кому я должен показывать читательский
пропуск?; Каталог сообщит вам, можно ли заказать нужную книгу и находится
ли она в хранилище при библиотеке или вне его; Что мне делать после того, как
я найду свободный стол?

1) You will be given an explanation ... the system and a chance to ‘have a go’ ... yourself.
2) The light will stay … … … 90 minutes. 3) what you’re taking ... you … … the reading
room. 4) Give it... the staff ... the Issue desk. 5) I don’t know the first thing ... Integrated
Catalogues. 6) A clear plastic bag is provided ... things you take ... the reading room.
7) Collect the item ... the Issue desk. 8) Order the items you need ... the same catalogue.
9) Take a note ... the number marked ... the desk. 10) The item is stored ... site. 11) First ...
all, browse the Integrated Catalogue ... items you wish to order. 12) Return ... your desk
and wait ... the light to go ... . 13) Show your reader pass ... Security staff ... the entrance
... the reading room. 14) a light ... the desk panel ... front ... you. 15) … … an hour, I was
good ... it. 16) And if I am not ... my desk ... the moment? 17) A Reader Education Service
provides a general introduction ... the services ... the Library and training ... how to use
464 Unit 53
the Integrated Catalogue. 18) those ... no prior experience ... using the Integrated Cata-
logue. 19) ... that case ask the staff ... the Issue desk to reserve the book ... you. 20) The
Issue desk will keep … … 6 books ... ... ... 3 days. 21) And when I have finished ... the
book? 22) Return the book ... the same Issue desk. 23) How many items do they keep ...
a time and ... how long?
1. Why is it a clear plastic bag?
2. Who are readers to show their passes to?
3. What is the first thing to do after a reader has found an unoccupied desk?
4. What is the desk number for?
5. How can a reader make use of the Integrated Catalogue?
6. What two signals are given by the Integrated Catalogue?
7. What if a reader hasn’t finished reading his books?
8. What if a reader doesn’t know the first thing about Integrated Catalogues?
Exercise 4. If the British Library has the journal but not the volume or part you need,
you will get Request Slip Part 2 (below). Examine it and answer these questions:
1. When was the request made?
2. What journal was requested?
3. What were its year, volume number and part?
4. Why was the request refused?
Request Slip Part2 VEIKHMAN, G

P.981/105 376870
R
13 MAY 2002
HUMANITIES 1
B4 — 3 — 190
LINGUISTIC INQUIRY
Reading Category
LINGUISTIC INQUIRY. VOL. 1. NO. SER
1, ETC. JAN 1970, ETC.
1970 Volume Number
28
1997 vol 28/2 Last At Shelf 1973 Year/Month
1997
Exercise 5. Match the items from the left-hand column with their Russian equivalents
from the right-hand column, e. g. 1—10.
11. admission 11. Боˆльшая часть материала
по гуманитарным наукам
заказывается из книгохранилища
с помощью единого каталога.
12. bookstacks 12. Боˆльшей части материала
зала гуманитарных наук нет
в открытом доступе.
13. delivery enquiry desk 13. Вам оставить книги?
14. Do you want me to reserve them 14. Выдача и возврат литературы,
for you? «Кафедра выдачи и возврата
литературы», «Выдача книг»
15. Have you a query about the 15. Есть ли у вас вопросы по
delivery? доставке книг?
16. Humanities and Social Sciences 16. заказывать книги
Books
17. Humanities Reading Room 17. заказывать книги заранее
18. ISSUE & RETURN, Issue desk 18. заказывать литературу
19. The item is stored off site 19. Зал редких книг
10. The item is stored on site 10. Запись читателей
11. Most humanities material is not 11. Книга имеется в хранилище вне
held on open access библиотеки
12. Most humanities material is or- 12. Книга имеется в хранилище при
dered from the bookstacks via the библиотеке
Integrated Catalogue
13. Integrated Catalogue 13. Книги по гуманитарным
и общественным наукам
14. to order / to reserve books in 14. книгохранилище
advance
15. to order material 15. единый каталог
16. Open Access Material 16. Литература открытого доступа
17. periodicals 17. Периодика
18. Rare Books Reading Room 18. пропуск в библиотеку,
читательский пропуск
19. reader(’s) pass 19. Стол справок
20. Reference Enquiry desk 20. Стол справок при выдаче
литературы
21. to request books 21. Читальный зал гуманитарных
наук
22. shelfmark 22. шифр книги
23. storage 23. книжные полки
466 Unit 53
Exercise 6. Describe this scene at a public library. Use ‘librarian’1, ‘to break the rules’2,
‘placard’3.
1
librarian — библиотекарь, библиотекарша
2
to break the rules — нарушать правила
3
placard [plækd] — плакат
54
467 Chapter 1 Unit
Crime
(3) Low prices
Dialogue
A: Of late, there has been a dramatic increase in crime. One offence is committed every
second in England and Wales — or 31 million a year. Every morning I pick up my Daily
Mail I wonder if it reports another terrorist act, a child or a young woman abducted,
raped and murdered, more pickpockets or shop-lifters caught red-handed, another theft
from a car and so on.
B: In fact, crime has become part and parcel of our daily life. Today I have read in our
local paper about a couple who had a handbag stolen. It contained the couple’s cheque
books, a mobile phone, some loose change, and three different types of credit card.
A: But how can the thief draw out cash with the credit cards if he doesn’t know the cou-
ple’s PIN numbers?
B: He tried to enter various numbers at random more than 30 times but drew a blank.
A: Then there is the problem of illegal immigration. I read in The Sun yesterday that po-
lice arrested seven people and seized a sawn-off shotgun, revolver, handcuffs, balaclava
mask and £10,000. That was one of numerous mobs which smuggle illegal immigrants
into Britain. Drugs are smuggled in too. But as the old saying goes, ‘An ounce of preven-
tion is better than a pound of cure’. That is why police are doing a lot to warn people about
theft and terrorism.
B: That reminds me of how two policemen at the entrance to London’s Petticoat Lane flea
market were handing out carrier bags with an inscription ‘Don’t help them to help them-
selves’ and a picture of a pickpocket’s fingers stealing a purse from somebody’s pocket.
A: At Heathrow airport, arrivals are greeted with notices (and warnings on the public
address system) like ‘Please keep your baggage with you at all times’ and ‘Please do not
leave your baggage unattended at any time.’
B: It’s no accident that Heathrow was nicknamed ‘Thiefrow’, or even ‘Deathrow’. So bad
is its reputation.
A: The same goes for the underground. At Euston, for instance, they update every day
a placard which says, ‘Please keep all your belongings with you while you travel on the
underground. Unattended luggage can cause a security alert. Pickpockets are known to
operate in this area.’
B: To scare off thieves, there are notices like CCTV. A shop in London’s Regent Street has
this notice at the door:
ANTITHEFT
SYSTEM
IN OPERATION
468 Unit 54
A: Recent reports in the media have revealed a huge increase in youth crime. There are
numerous victims of knife crime. Young people have often been caught in possession of
knives. The problem is how to turn around such young people who are going off the rails
and prevent them from re-offending.
B: Do you mean those hoodies and yobs?
A: Yes, our streets are awash with them. They should be made aware they would have to
face up to tough consequences. The judges should impose harsher sentences on serious
offenders. Let the punishment fit the crime. We must stop at nothing to deter crime.
B: I couldn’t agree more. The worst thing is getting soft on crime. All those who try to get
around the law must know that they won’t go unpunished.
A: However, the question arises how to punish them if our prisons are filled to bursting.
B: Quite right. The prison population has risen. There is shortage of prison places.
A: But still what am I supposed to do if I witness a crime being committed?
B: You can inform the police personally or call anonymously 0800 555 111.
A: Yes, unless we do something drastic soon, there is a serious risk of the situation getting
out of control. We must be tough on crime and tough on the causes of crime.
Vocabulary notes
to abduct — похищать человека to commit an offence/a crime — совер-
alert; syn. alarm (см. выше) — сигнал шать правонарушение, преступление
тревоги; couple — пара, чета, семейная пара
см. также выше: to alert — предупреж- cure — лечение
дать, давать знать dramatic — заметный
antitheft — против воровства to draw a blank — терпеть неудачу
arrival — зд.: прибывший, прилетев- drastic — решительный, радикальный
ший to enter — зд.: вводить (данные)
as the old saying goes — как гласит to face up to tough consequences —
старая пословица сталкиваться с серьёзными послед-
at random — наугад ствиями
awash with smth/smb — кишащий filled to bursting — переполнены
чем-л./кем-л. to fit — зд.: соответствовать
balaclava mask — вязаный шлем to get around the law — обходить закон
с маской to get out of control — выходить из-
belongings — вещи, имущество под контроля
carrier bag — пластиковая сумка, to get soft on crime — проявлять мяг-
даваемая при покупке котелость в случае правонарушения
CCTV = Closed Circuit Television — to go for smth — оставаться в силе /
(скрытая) камера видеонаблюдения справедливым в отношении чего-л.,
(also see Unit 21) относиться к чему-л.
change; syn. loose с., small с. — зд.: to go off the rails — сбиться с пути
мелочь (мелкая монета); ср. выше: с. — to go unpunished — оставаться безна-
сдача казанным
Crime 469
Vocabulary notes
gun — винтовка, ружьё part and parcel — неотъемлемая часть
shot g. — дробовик pickpocket — карманный вор, карман-
sawn-off shot g. — обрез ник
handbag — сумочка possession — владение, обладание
handcuffs — наручники prison population — число заключённых
hoodie; syn. yob — хулиган the question arises — встаёт вопрос
a huge increase — значительный рост to rape — насиловать
to impose harsher sentences — выно- red-handed — на месте преступления
сить более суровые приговоры to reveal — обнародовать, сообщать,
in operation — действует показывать
inscription — надпись tо scare off — отпугивать
to make smb aware — давать кому-л. security — безопасность
понять to shoplift — совершать кражу товара
the media — средства массовой ин- в магазине
формации shoplifter — магазинный вор
mob — зд.: шайка shortage — нехватка
to nickname — давать прозвище to smuggle — вывозить/ввозить
no accident — не случайно контрабандным путем; ср. выше:
notice — объявление; ср. выше: n. — smuggler — контрабандист
надпись, заблаговременное пред- The Sun — название британской буль-
упреждение варной газеты
to offend — совершать преступление / Thiefrow < thief + (Heath)row
правонарушение tough [tf] — жесткий
to re-offend — совершать повторное to turn around — зд.: наставить на
преступление / правонарушение путь истинный
offender — преступник, правона- unattended — без присмотра
рушитель to update — обновлять
of late — за последнее время to witness smth — быть свидетелем
ounce [ans] — унция чего-л.
согласно недавним сообщениям в СМИ; Что я должен делать; значительно возросла
преступность среди молодёжи; оставаться безнаказанным; Полностью с вами
согласен; Известно, что в этом районе действуют карманники; То же относится и
к метро; фактически; о семейной паре, у которой украли сумочку; Но у него ничего
не вышло; за последнее время; Не помогайте им поживиться за ваш счёт; заметный
рост преступности; болезнь легче предупредить, чем вылечить; не случайно; Если
мы в ближайшее время не примем решительных мер, есть серьёзные опасения,
что ситуация может выйти из-под контроля; Преступность стала неотъемлемой
частью нашей повседневной жизни; Он пытался наугад вводить разные цифры;
470 Unit 54
Оставленный без присмотра багаж может быть поводом для объявления тревоги;
Никогда не оставляйте багаж без присмотра; Постоянно держите багаж при себе;
Чтобы отпугивать воров; я являюсь свидетелем совершаемого преступления;
все те, кто хочет обойти закон; на наших улицах их полным-полно; проявлять
мягкотелость в случае правонарушения; Наказание должно соответствовать
преступлению; Мы не должны останавливаться ни перед чем, лишь бы удержать
людей от совершения преступления.

1) You travel ... the underground. 2) ... fact; 3) ... random; 4) ... late; 5) That reminds me ...
how two policemen ... the entrance ... London’s Petticoat Lane flea market were handing
... carrier bags. 6) The same goes ... the underground. 7) theft ... a car; 8) stealing a purse ...
somebody’s pocket; 9) There is a serious risk ... the situation getting … … control. 10) in-
crease ... crime; 11) They smuggle illegal immigrants ... Britain. 12) Keep your baggage ...
you ... all times. 13) I pick ... my Daily Mail. 14) ... Heathrow airport, arrivals are greeted
... notices and warnings ... the public address system. 15) Drugs are smuggled ... too.
16) to draw ... cash ... a credit card; 17) Do not leave your baggage unattended ... any time.
18) to warn people ... theft; 19) to scare ... thieves; 20) The worst thing is getting soft …
crime. 21) those who try to get … the law; 22) Young people have often been caught …
possession … knives. 23) The judges should impose harsher sentences … serious offend-
ers. 24) how to turn … such young people who are going … the rails and prevent them
… re-offending. 25) They would have to face … … tough consequences. 26) Our streets
are awash … them.

1. What crimes do papers report every morning?
2. What did the stolen handbag contain?
3. What did police seize?
4. What carrier bags were handed out at the entrance to the flea market?
5. Why was Heathrow nicknamed Thiefrow?
6. How is the public alerted on the underground?
7. What is to be done to keep the situation under control?
8. What kind of crime is on the increase?
9. What should be done with young criminals?
10. What should the judges do and why?
11. What is the worst thing to do?
12. What must law-breakers know?
13. What keeps down the number of prison sentences?
14. What are witnesses of crimes supposed to do?
Exercise 4. Match the English phrases and sentences with their Russian equivalents
and check the result with the key.
Crime 471
1. to make a crackdown on organized 1. Тюрем не хватает.

crime
2. The present prison population is 2. нарушение общественного по-
unsustainable. рядка
3. There are not enough prisons. 3. ловить разыскиваемых преступ-
ников
4. to release on bail 4. призывать увеличить число по-
лицейских на улицах
5. public order offence 5. Мне ужасно надоело, что некото-
рым всё сходит с рук.
6. to reduce crime 6. получить условно-досрочное
освобождение
7. to hunt down wanted criminals 7. вести наступление на организо-
ванную преступность
8. to call for a stronger police presence 8. уменьшить преступность
on the streets
9. to get time off for good behaviour 9. выпускать под залог
10. I’m sick and tired of people getting 10. Теперешнее количество заключён-
away with things. ных далее неприемлемо.
Exercise 5. Match these terms with their respective definitions and check the result
with the key.
1. thief 1. someone who goes into houses, offices etc to steal things
2. burglar 2. someone who steals from people’s pockets, especially in
a crowded public place
3. robber 3. someone who steals a car and drives it very fast for fun
4. shoplifter 4. someone who breaks into shops or homes and steals things,
after there has been a natural disaster, a war, or a violent pro-
test
5. pickpocket 5. a thief who violently attacks someone in the street and robs
them
6. mugger 6. someone who forces someone else to have sex, especially by
using violence
7. joyrider 7. someone who hunts animals, birds etc. illegally on other
people’s land
8. looter 8. a member of an armed group of thieves who travel around
attacking people in country areas
9. bandit 9. someone who steals from banks, offices, houses etc. espe-
cially using threats or violence
10. poacher 10. someone who steals things from a person or place
11. rapist 11. someone who takes things from shops without paying for
them, especially by hiding them in their clothes or in a bag
472 Unit 54
in it the answer to the question ‘Why do thieves steal the cable’?
SUNDAY MIRROR 10.8.2008, p.22
THEFT HITS TRAIN TRIPS
HUNDREDS of rail passengers were hit by delays yesterday after thieves stole signal-
ling cable on a vital route.
They clambered onto the track at Claypole, Lincolnshire, to cut away the cable —
which contains valuable metals.
Exercise 7. These clippings deal with burglary. Read and translate them (use a dic-
INTRUDER FLEES AFTER KICK BY GIRL, 12
A 12-year-old girl deterred an intruder between the legs and he fled empty-
after she kicked him in the groin when handed.
he sneaked into her house. After police were called, Georgia
Georgia Bulis-Gray was at home on helped officers by sketching an impres-
her own when she found a hooded man sion of the offender. Her mother, Joanna
standing in the kitchen of the house in Bulis, 48, who had gone out for a short
Bosham, West Sussex. She said she did time when the incident happened,
not want the “smirking” man to think said Georgia was “not a shrinking
that she was helpless, so she kicked him violet”.

1. How did the girl manage to deter the burglar?
2. How did she help police?
3. How did her mother describe her?
Crime 473
A PEAR СОР FOR BURGLAR
A HUNGRY thief took a bite from a pear Police took the pear away for exami-
during a burglary... and left his DNA on it. nation and found Edwards’ DNA on it.
Gavin Edwards, 21, was raiding He was arrested and admitted bur-
a house in the middle of the night when gling the house while a family were
he spotted the fruit bowl on a kitchen asleep.
table.

1. What was the burglar’s name?
2. What let him down1?
3. What did police do?
DAILY MAIL 18.6.2008, p. 25
YOUR FRIENDLY LOCAL BURGLAR
POLICE are looking for two polite in Oostduinkerke, Belgium, as she was
thieves who broke into a widow’s home cooking lunch.
and introduced themselves as Marc and While Marc collected about £200
François. of cash and jewellery, François advised
‘We’re friendly burglars,’ they said the 82-year-old, who lives alone, not to
after climbing through an open win- leave her windows open.
dow to enter Simone Delapierre’s villa

1. What crime did the two men commit?
2. How did they enter the villa?
3. How polite and friendly were they?
1
to let smb down — подводить кого-л.
474 Unit 54
Exercise 8. The assignment is the same. Only this time it is about a robber and a mug-
ger.
THE SUN 10.8.2005, p. 27
DINER’S BIG BLAG-FEST
A DINER whose debit card was not accepted be a restaurant was

directed by waiters to a nearby bank to use the cash machine.
He went inside the bank, pulled a gun and fled with £2,000 cash.
He was later caught by cops.
Restaurant manager Gemma Stacey, 24, said: “We were too
trusting. We’ll insist on cash up front next time.”

1. Why didn’t the man pay cash immediately after breakfast?
2. Where and how did he get it?
3. Did he pay it then?
THE PEOPLE 7.8.2005, p. 28
FORK MUGGER ATTACKS MUM
A MUM was robbed of thousands of She felt a sharp pain in her back and
pounds by a mugger armed with a din- dropped her bag. The thief snatched it
ing FORK. and ran off. The mum-of-four and train-
The 30-year-old woman was walking ee midwife, of nearby Mile End, suffered
to a building society with her two-year- bruising.
old son when she was grabbed.
Crime 475

1. How old is the victim1?
2. How many children has she?
3. What does she do?
4. What weapon2 did the thief use?
5. Did it work?
Exercise 9. Now it is about rape.
THE SUN 19.8.2005, p. 38
3 MEN QUIZZED ON GANG RAPES
By JOHN ASKILL
POLICE hunting a gang behind a string Kingsthorpe area on suspicion of at-
of rapes and sex attacks were quizzing tempted abduction.
three men yesterday. The five victims — the youngest
The suspects were arrested as part just 15 — were approached while out
of Operation Harbour, an investigation alone in the early hours.
into three rapes and two attempted ab- Three were raped but two, includ-
ductions. ing the 15-year-old, managed to flee
A man aged 36 was arrested in from the attackers. The main suspects
the town yesterday on suspicion of are said to be three or more black men,
rape. Two others — a 19-year-old from all with southern African accents, driv-
Northampton and a 25-year-old from ing a blue BMW and a light-coloured
London — were later arrested in the Fiat Punto.

1. How many men were interrogated3 by police?
2. Who are they?
3. What were they suspected of4?
1
victim — жертва
2
weapon [wepn] — оружие
3
to interrogate — допрашивать (syn. to quiz)
4
to suspect smb of smth — подозревать кого-л. в чём-л.
476 Unit 54
Exercise 10. This is a cab ad. Examine it.

1. What are women cautioned against1?
2. What are they advised to do?
3. What phone number are they to call for further information?
Exercise 11. Next comes the most heinous2 crime — murder. Read and translate
these clippings (use a dictionary where necessary).
1
to caution [k
n] smb against smth — предостерегать кого-л. о чём-л., syn. to warn smb
about/of smth
2
heinous [hens] — ужасное, тяжкое
Crime 477
DAILY ECHO 6.8.2007, p. 11
VICIOUS ATTACK ON FOREIGN STUDENT
By Julie Magee
A FOREIGN student needed life-saving He added that the student had suf-
treatment following an early morning fered a cut to an artery in his wrist and
attack in Bournemouth. was “bleeding profusely” by the time
The 21-year-old from the Ukraine, that paramedics arrived at the scene.
who has not been identified by police, He was taken to the Royal Bourne-
was set upon in the town’s Christchurch mouth Hospital for emergency treat-
Road at about 1 am on Saturday by ment to stem the blood loss.
a man wielding a bottle. Investigating officer DC Matt Sta-
The attack happened between Bos- cey told the Daily Echo yesterday that,
combe Spa Road and Wharncliffe Road. following surgery on Saturday, the stu-
A Dorset police spokesman said: dent’s life was no longer in danger.
“The man struck the victim on the fore- He said: “First-aid by friends at his near-
arm, with the bottle, as he was trying to by accommodation and hospital treat-
protect his head.” ment undoubtedly helped save his life.”

1. Where did the student come from?
2. Where and when was he attacked?
3. What injury did he receive?
4. Who saved his life?
BOY KILLED IN KNIFING
THE murder of a 16-year-old schoolboy Yemurai died from a single stab

who had his throat slashed in broad wound after he was chased by a gang
daylight is among the worst in 25 years, of three as he got off a bus in Welling,
police said yesterday. south London, on Friday.
478 Unit 54
BOY’S KILLERS IN BUS KNIFE PLOT
By Ronald Yeats
TWO youths were overheard plotting save him. It was horrible. He bled to
before chasing a 16-year-old boy off death in front of us.”
a bus and stabbing him to death. Detective Chief Inspector Mark
The victim was named yesterday as Dunne said the murder was one of the
Yemurai Kanyangarara. worst he had investigated.
Angela Read, 48, who runs a florist’s “You’ve got a schoolboy being
in Welling, south-east London, with her stabbed in broad daylight in a busy
daughter Sam, 19, flagged down an am- street in front of many, many shoppers
bulance in the High street. out enjoying the afternoon.
She said: “The paramedics rushed “That’s about as bad as it gets.”
over to work on him but they couldn’t

1. Who killed the boy?
2. How?
3. Why?
4. Have you heard of similar cases in countries other than the UK?
5. What discrepancy1 is there between the two articles?
ONE IN FIVE YOUTHS CARRY WEAPONS

One in five teenage pupils in Southampton admits to having carried a knife, gun or
another weapon, according to a study by the University of Portsmouth.
Hampshire Police, which commissioned the research, described the results as
“worrying” but insisted the city was no different to any other in the country.
Two more questions for you:

1. What percentage of teenage pupils in Southampton carry weapons?
2. Is that representative2 of other UK cities?
1
discrepancy — расхождение
2
representative a — характерно
Crime 479
THE SUN 3.8.2005, p. 8
BETTER BRITAIN IS HARD WORK
BRITAIN is in the grip of an epidemic of A country where our border checks

lawlessness, unprecedented in modern are so lax that one 21/7 suspect was
times. able to disappear to Italy, from where
An attempted massacre by asylum he may never be extracted.
seekers who sat around plotting while A country where the once admira-
milking our crazy benefits system. ble social security system is now so ab-
The racist axe murder of a black surdly generous that it actually encour-
teenager. A man’s slaughter by a stran- ages indolence, criminality and fraud.
ger on a bus. And this is the tip of the A country where courts are soft on
iceberg. We live in a country where criminals and tough on victims. Where
casual violence plagues every village, years of trendy, ineffective teaching
town and city. produced yobs with no thought for
Where thugs murder with gun, axe other people or their property. And
or knife, safe in the knowledge that if who know that their victims won’t
they ever get caught they’ll soon be retaliate for fear of being beaten to
free because our few jails are already a pulp — or prosecuted themselves.
bursting at the seams. A country where suspected suicide
A country where overcrowding in bombers whine about human rights
cities was chronic even before the ar- they correctly assume our right-on le-
rival of one million illegal immigrants. gal system will accord them.

1. What are the reasons for unprecedented lawlessness?
2. Why do murderers feel safe?
3. How are courts criticised?
4. How are human rights made use of?
5. What is the teaching blamed for?
6. What do you think happened on 21/7/2005? If you don’t know you can find the answer
in Unit 55.
480 Unit 54
Exercise 12. The following two excerpts from the articles deal with the same murder,
but each contains details not mentioned in the other article. What are they?
MACHETE KILL HORROR
A MAN was hacked to death by an at- Police are looking for a slim, light-
tacker with a machete in front of hun- skinned black man, around 6ft 2ins.
dreds of shoppers. Det Insp David Morgan said:
Detectives believe it was a random “This happened without any alterca-
attack. tion.”
The married 39-year-old, who has A tribute at the scene read: “To
not been named, was knifed outside Mark. RIP. I love you with all my heart,
McDonald’s in Camberwell, South Lon- wife Sylvia.”
don, on Monday afternoon.
THE SUN 17.8.2005, p. 13
MACHETE FIEND KILLS
A MACHETE maniac hacked a man to have yet to find a link between the kill-
death outside a busy McDonald’s res- er, who fled, and his victim.
taurant. The murder happened in Camber-
He struck in daylight in front of hun- well, South London, at 5.10pm on Mon-
dreds of shoppers. Police fear it may day. The victim, a married man aged 39,
have been a random attack as they was wounded in the abdomen.
Exercise 13. These clippings deal with two issues — crime rise in Britain and
crime rates of different countries. Read and translate them (use a dictionary where
necessary).
Crime 481
BURGLARIES SURGE BY 14% AS POLICE ‘TURN A BLIND EYE’
There were 745,000 break-ins or attempt- compared with 9.5 million the year be-
ed break-ins in the 12 months to April fore.
this year — a 14 per cent annual increase, Yet the number of crimes officially
according to the British Crime Survey. recorded by police fell slightly, down
One in 40 households, or 2.6 per four per cent to 4.2 million. The larg-
cent, fell victim to burglary or at- est single increase in the British Crime
tempted burglary, the survey found. Survey was in burglaries which rose to
And the number of thefts from houses 745,000 from 651,000 in 2009.
not counted as full burglaries, such At the same time thefts fuelled by
as shed break-ins and theft of prop- the soaring price of scrap metals jumped
erty in gardens, rose eight per cent, 10 per cent, as did thefts of unguarded
from 1,148,000 incidents in 2009/10 to mobile phones and wallets, property
1,244,000 in 2010/11. from gardens and theft of industrial
Blair Gibbs, of the Policy Exchange equipment. British Transport Police re-
think-tank, warned: “The recession is ported a 70 per cent rise in cable theft.
certainly driving more property crime Simon Reed, vice-chairman of the
but unfortunately the police have tak- Police Federation, said: “We predicted
en their eye off the ball. a rise in property crime as the recession
“It is no surprise that burglaries are deepens. We take no pleasure in being
on the rise when the vast majority of right on this occasion.” Violent crime of
criminals know that the police won’t all types rose six per cent, fuelled by a
catch them.” 35 per cent increase in domestic vio-
The British Crime Survey is based lence.”
on interviews with tens of thousands of Richard Curen of the Respond char-
people about their experiences in the ity: “People who are unemployed, in
last year and is used to balance official debt or fear losing their jobs can bring
police figures because many victims do that pressure home with them and take
not bother reporting incidents. it out on those around them. There is
Overall, it showed there were an es- a direct link between economic pres-
timated 9.6 million crimes in 2010/11, sure and domestic violence.”

1. How did the number of break-ins rise in 2010/11?
2. What about the total figures for crimes?
3. What fuelled thefts?
4. What are the objective and subjective reasons for crime rise?
482 Unit 54
ENGLAND HAS WORSE CRIME RATE

THAN THE US, SAYS STUDY
By Christopher Hope
Whitehall Editor
ENGLAND and Wales have some of the oped nations, based on the frequency
worst crime rates among developed na- of crimes recorded by police for every
tions for rapes, burglaries and robberies, 100,000 people. For burglaries and
a United Nations report has found. robberies, they had more crimes per
However, offenders are locked up 100,000 people than the US. They were
for shorter periods than in comparable ranked sixth for burglaries and seventh
countries. for robberies.
The study found that England and For rapes, England and Wales were
Wales ranked highly in a survey of ranked ninth, while for car thefts, they
crime rates among more than 30 devel- were eighth.
Answer the following questions:

1. Which developed nations have the worst crime rates?
2. How do England and Wales rank for burglaries, robberies, rapes and car thefts?
3. In what countries are prison terms shorter?
OFFICIAL figures for reported crime ample, that one-third of the victims
are reassuring. Under 5% of English of theft, burglary and vandalism
adults are the victims of theft, and don’t bother to report the crime as
less than 2% of violent crime. But they don’t think the police will be
figures for unreported crime are less interested, or will be able to do any-
comforting. These suggest, for ex- thing even if they are.

1. What are figures for unreported crime?
2. Why does some crime remain unreported?
Crime 483
Exercise 14. Read this text about ‘Beat crime together’ stickers:
‘Beat crime together’ stickers are usually stuck1 on windscreens or back windows of
cars. Neighbourhood2 watch3 is a system by which people in an area watch on each
other’s houses in order to keep away4 thieves. They report anything or anyone sus-
picious to the police. Similar signs on poles read5: THIS IS A HOME WATCH
AREA.

1. Where are such stickers usually stuck?
2. What is neighbourhood watch?
3. Who do such people report suspicious facts to?
Exercise 15. The rural counterpart of Neighbourhood watch is known as Farm Watch.
Find out from this clipping the functions of Farm Watch, what the police do to prevent
crime and the results achieved by Farm Watch.
1
to stick (stuck, stuck) — наклеивать, приклеивать; sticker — наклейка; ср. выше: to s. to
smth — придерживаться чего-л.
2
neighbourhood — соседство; ср. выше: neighbour — сосед
3
to watch — наблюдать, следить; watch — наблюдение
4
to keep away — не подпускать
5
to read — зд. гласить
484 Unit 54
FARMERS GUARDIAN 6.5.2011, p. 3
STATISTICS SUGGEST FARM

WATCH MAKES THIEVES THINK TWICE
SCHEMES such as Farm Watch are 20 years and we find, when they are
a huge help in the fight against rural well supported by people in the lo-
crime, police statistics have suggested. cal community and the police, they
Crime prevention officer at Cumbria can be extremely effective in both
Police, Andrew Hunton, said: “Anything detecting rural thieves and also
farmers can do to make thieves think bringing criminals to justice,” he
twice about entering their property said.
can only be a good thing.
“They work in the same way as CRIME FIGURES
neighbourhood watch schemes, which
• 1,587 premises are registered with
have seen massive success.”
Farm Watch
• 39 farms for every 1,000 not on the
VOICE CONNECT
scheme have been targeted by
Spokesman for NFU Mutual, Tim Price, thieves
urged all farmers to join up. • 16 out of every 1,000 registered with
“We have been involved with Farm Watch have experienced crime
Farm Watch schemes for more than
Exercise 16. You could read these on the door of the launderette in Highcliffe, Dorset
(see Unit 21). Why do you think they were put up?
NO CASH LEFT ON PREMISES OVERNIGHT
SMILE FOR THE CAMERA
(24 hour recording)

Crime 485
Exercise 17. These are the notices on the front of the police station in Highсliffe,
Dorset.
DORSET POLICE
P O L I C E S TAT I O N
‘Committed to a Safer Dorset for You’
Your beat officer is PC 2125 Justin Clarke
01202 222 333
CRIME STOPPERS 0800 567 123
Access Infomation
Police Officers are on patrol in your local area 24 hours a day even when this station may
not be open. If this office is closed, please use the telephone for assistance.
Station Opening Times

This office will normally be open between:
0900-1300 hours, Monday to Friday
Due to exceptional staffing issues HIGHCLIFFE ENQUIRY OFFICE is closed until further notice
Contact can be made via the yellow telephone handset for both emergency and routine enquiries
Please be assured that Police Officers are on patrol in this area
(near a yellow telephone)
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE OF TELEPHONE

Lift handset and press relevant button
1. For an emergency 999 call press 1
Office closed
2. To speak to the Police (non Emergency) press 2 Emergency only
3. To leave a non-urgent message press 3 Telephone
←
There may be a pause while you are connected.
If the telephone is engaged please try again
486 Unit 54
CRIME PREVENTION
CRIME
Together we’ll crack it
How secure is your home?
To break into a greenhouse — just smash glass

To break into a car — just smash glass
Would you leave your valuables in a greenhouse?
EMPTY YOUR CAR

Take these simple steps to reduce vehicle crime
• Park in safe areas
• Activate alarm/immobilizer
• Shut windows, lock doors
• Don’t leave anything on display
Don’t give them an easy ride
‘ODD JOBBERS’
Do not deal with tradesmen/gardeners
that unexpectedly call at your door
Think Re act 01435 280234

Re: Act!
Residents Action Team
Can we help you?
With advice on:
• Choosing trades people to carry out your work
• Supporting you when choosing goods and services
• Being with you whilst the work is being carried out in your home
• Security advice on locks for doors and windows
IT’S ALL FREE
To contact us is simple
ring 01435 280234
Crime 487
PACT1 Surgery
First Wednesday of every month
10am — 12pm
at Highcliffe Police Station
come and speak to your local PACT representatives

about the issues affecting you in your neighbourhood
For more information,

contact Highсliffe Safer Neighbourhood Team
01201 222 333
Mobile: 07849 325012
only dial 999 if a life is in danger or a crime is in progress
Exercise 18. Now find in the notices above the English equivalents of these Russian
Ваш участок патрулирует полицейский J.C.; из-за трудностей с кадрами; связаться

с нами просто; Как с нами связаться; пока вы на связи; Вы бы оставили свои цен-
ности в теплице? Заберите их из машины; Все услуги бесплатные; патрулируют
ваш район круглосуточно; отделение полиции; предупреждение преступлений;
подбор надёжных замков; Снимите трубку; По вопросу о; Часы работы отделе-
ния; нажмите нужную кнопку; разбейте стекло; для срочного вызова; подбор ра-
ботников; Наше дело — сделать Дорсет безопасным для вас; Чтобы проникнуть
в теплицу; об открытии вы будете оповещены; чтобы оставить несрочное сообще-
ние; О совершаемых преступлениях сообщайте по телефону; случайные работ-
ники; Не беспокойтесь: район патрулируется полицией; С нами можно связаться
с помощью жёлтого телефона как по неотложным, так и по несрочным вопросам;
Преступность: вместе мы её одолеем; Насколько защищён от преступников ваш
дом; группа местных активистов; если жизнь в опасности; паркуйтесь в безопас-
ных местах; вопросы, затрагивающие вас; не оставляйте ничего на видном месте;
совершается преступление; Приёмные часы организации «Партнеры и общины»;
включите сигнализацию/иммобилайзер.
1
PACT — Partners and Communities Together.
488 Unit 54
Exercise 19. Similar tips are circulated by police in leaflets and in the press. Read and
translate them.
BE SURE — BE SAFE
•
KEEP CASH IN THE BANK NOT IN THE HOUSE
•
PUT GOOD LOCKS ON WINDOWS AND DOORS
•
PUT THE CHAIN ON THE DOOR BEFORE OPENING
•
ENSURE BACK DOOR LOCKED WHEN OPENING THE FRONT
•
ALWAYS ASK FOR IDENTITY AND CHECK PHONE NUMBER WITH PHONE BOOK
•
NEVER GO TO THE BANK WITH A STRANGER AND WITHDRAW MONEY
•
DON’T AGREE TO WORK DONE FOR CASH WITHOUT PROPER DOCUMENTS AND
TIME TO CONSIDER
•
IF YOU ARE SUSPICIOUS OR FEEL THREATENED CALL 999
IF YOU HAVE BEEN A VICTIM IN THE PAST
CALL 01203/01405 22 33 42
AND REPORT IT TODAY
•
PREVENTING
DISTRACTION BURGLARY
IN DORSET
Crime 489
DISTRACTION BURGLARY
HELP YOUR COMMUNITY TO BE SAFE
T
he definition of distraction windows and don’t let anyone into
burglary is when one bur- the house unless you are sure they are
glar distracts the occupant of genuine. Always ask for identification
a house so that the other can and then check the telephone number
quickly gain access and steal items. from the phone book before allow-
What the definition does not do ing anyone in. A genuine official won’t
is describe the devastation this can mind waiting while you phone to check
leave behind for those who have be- they are in your area.
come victims. However astute you The Water Board does not exist any
are, it can happen to anyone of any more, but the name is often used as
age. It is the elderly and vulnerable a means of entry.
who are particularly targeted and an Tell your family and friends never
incident of this kind can leave them to do business on the doorstep or
with their confidence shattered and agree to work being done for cash
afraid to open the door. with no documents or time to con-
As a family member, friend, carer or sider. (You legally have 10 days to re-
neighbour, you can really help the po-
consider). Cash stored in the house is
tentially vulnerable people you know
a bad idea — so encourage the people
from becoming a victim of this un-
you know to put money in the bank or
pleasant crime.
building society.
Houses and gardens that are not
Regular phone calls and visits make
cared for often indicate someone who
is struggling to maintain their property all the difference and you can help re-
and it is these places that are being mind people of these tips, particularly
sized up by distraction burglars. if they forget things easily. A notice by
If your friend or family member is in the front door can remind them to use
this position, you can help by offering the chain or check an identity.
to mow the lawn and tidy their garden Finally, Dorset Police is here to help.
or help get the house painted. You re- If you feel that you are being targeted
ally can make a difference in prevent- by distraction burglars or feel threat-
ing this crime. ened, dial 999 straight away. We have
Chains on the door are essential and successfully returned thousands of
everyone should use a chain to answer pounds to victims because we have
the door if it is not someone they know. been notified in time.
Always make sure your back door and If you have been a victim in the
windows are shut and locked if you an- past — don’t feel foolish — it can hap-
swer the front door. pen to anyone. Call us and report it and
Everyone should have a good qual- you may save someone else from being
ity chain and locks on their door and a victim.
490 Unit 54
THE HERALD 14.7.2011, p. 73
CAR CRIME INCREASES
Over the past few months, there has • Lock up your vehicle securely and ga-
been an increase in reports of thefts from rage the vehicle if possible.
vehicles where the car has been left open • Security mark all valuables.
or items of value left in full view of pas-
• Don’t leave anything on display or hide
sersby. New Forest District Chief Inspec-
it away, remove all valuables and tools
tor, Lucy Hutson, said: “We are encour-
from the vehicle.
aging motorists to make a final check
of their vehicle every time they leave it • Fit anti-theft number plate screws.
unattended. We are doing all we can to • Use locking wheel nuts.
reduce vehicle crime but we need the • Consider installing an alarm.
help of residents and visitors to the New
• Consider fitting a vehicle tracking sys-
Forest too. Please do your bit by remov-
tem.
ing the temptation for thieves in the first
place.” Hampshire Constabulary offers • Display a Safer Vehicles card in your ve-
the following crime prevention advice: hicle to deter thieves.
Exercise 20. This time look above for the English equivalents of the following Russian
По закону вы имеете право отказаться в течение десяти дней; на виду у прохожих;

они те, за кого себя выдают; система слежения; хватать жуликов за руку; каким
сообразительным вы бы ни были; оставляют машину без присмотра; поставьте
машину в гараж; с удовольствием поболтали бы; ограбление дома с отвлечением
внимания хозяев; заасфальтировать подъездную дорогу; потратить на это одну
минуту; Прежде чем открыть переднюю дверь, убедитесь, что задняя дверь
закрыта; привести в порядок сад; ценные вещи; открыть дверь после звонка;
рост числа краж из автомашин; нас вовремя оповестили; без соответствующих
документов; время подумать; проверьте номер телефона по справочнику.
Exercise 21. The following tips are more detailed. Read them carefully. They might
come in handy1.
1
to come in handy — пригодиться (syn. to come in useful)
Crime 491
MICHAEL’S TIPS TO DETER THIEVES
• Have a gate at the front of your lion worth of cars were stolen with
home and close it. It will act as a psy- keys fished from tables.
chological deterrent and burglars • Photograph valuable items in your
will try another house. home and take a note of their serial
• Fit multi-lever locks, or at least, ensure numbers. This could help you recover
each door has more than one lock and them if you are burgled.
that they are spaced apart. • Always park your car with the wheels
• Put stickers saying “neighbourhood facing towards the kerb — it makes
watch” in your window whether you it more difficult for thieves to shift.
belong to a scheme or not. It will make • Lock doors even while at home to
a burglar think twice. prevent “walk-in” burglars who
• Don’t leave keys under mats, bricks or saunter in through the front door
plant pots — burglars look there first. while you are in the garden.
• When using chip and pin, always cover • Cancel regular deliveries when you
your hand as you key in the code. go away. Parcels left on the doorstep
• Gravel placed around the house and or newspapers sticking out of the
flower beds deters burglars who don’t door are an advertisement to bur-
want to be heard breaking in. glars.
• Store important documents upstairs • Timers that turn lights on at regular
and out of sight, preferably in a safe. intervals are a good idea when you go
Burglars look for official papers such away.
as passports so they can steal your • Padlock your garden shed to pre-
identity. vent it being used as a handy source
• Never leave car keys on the hall ta- of equipment for burglars to use in
ble — last year more than £100mil- a break-in.

1. How many tips to deter thieves are given?
2. How are locks to be spaced and why?
3. What stickers should be put in your window and what for?
4. What should not be left on the hall table?
5. What precaution should be taken when going away?
6. What do burglars need your passport for?
7. Where do burglars look for keys first?
492 Unit 54
Exercise 22. Besides giving tips to deter thieves, police use other methods of crime
prevention. Here are two articles describing some of them. Read and translate them
‘EVIL GENIUSES’ HIRED IN FIGHT AGAINST CRIME
By Duncan Gardham
Hertfordshire Police has employed 12 crime they have committed and if they
criminals, who have committed thou- fall back into offending they face a long
sands of burglaries between them, as prison sentence.”
“security consultants” under a pilot pro- Police said the advice gleaned so far
ject. had been of immense value. It includes:
To be accepted on the scheme, each lock doors and windows properly; put
of the burglars had to admit all their away keys and close curtains; don’t
crimes, undergo a drug rehabilitation leave out garden spades, which can be
course and abide by a curfew. used to force windows; angle security
In return, their prison sentences lights at doors and windows, not the
have been deferred for six months garden.
while they work with police. Their sen- But Ann Widdecombe, the Tory
tences will then be reviewed and, if MP and former prisons minister, said:
they have not broken any of the condi- “A five-year-old child could have told
tions, they will be put on a three-year police it would be a good idea not to
community sentence. leave your doors and windows open. It
A spokesman for Hertfordshire Po- sounds like another attempt to divert
lice said: “This is not the easy way out, criminals away from jail because all the
as the offenders must admit every prisons are full.”

1. Who are meant by ‘evil geniuses’?
2. How many of them have been employed by police?
3. What for?
4. What criteria were they to meet to be accepted?
5. What have they been given and promised in return?
6. What valuable advice have they given to police?
7. What may lie behind the scheme?
Crime 493
MUCH of the emphasis of modern po- victed of shoplifting was banned from
licing is on crime prevention, with great entering the town for 12 weeks. The
success being claimed for security video scheme worked: the number of of-
cameras in public places. fences was more than halved. This was
However the perpetrators are equal- good news for Romford, but bad news
ly interested in arrest prevention. Typical for neighbouring Upminster — where
of this is the police initiative instigated traders reported that shoplifting had
in Romford, Essex, where anyone con- doubled.

1. Where are security video cameras placed?
2. How effective is banning shoplifters from entering a town?
Exercise 23. These clippings are about releasing criminals on bail. Read and translate
them (use a dictionary where necessary).
TIME TO GET TOUGH ON GRANTING BAIL
ONE FIFTH of all burglaries are commit- If all that means we need more pris-
ted by criminals on bail. So are 11 per ons or some emergency measures to in-
cent of crimes of violence. crease the number of prison places then
Bail should never be given when so be it.
a repeat crime is involved unless the In a week where a vulnerable
circumstances are exceptional and the 77-year-old woman has been killed for
courts are to be applauded for sending her handbag we cannot afford to be soft
out a very necessary signal and refusing on those who use violence for gain.
bail to those accused of looting and riot-
ing.
494 Unit 54
DAILY MAIL 22.8.2011, p. 14
CAROUSEL OF CRIME
AS it emerges that a fifth of all burglaries And could there be any more de-
are committed by offenders let out on pressing insight into the thankless task
bail, could there be any more devastat- of the police, constantly arresting the
ing proof that our criminal justice sys- same people, only to see them freed im-
tem is betraying householders? mediately to strike again?

1. Why is it sometimes inadvisable to release criminals on bail?
2. When should bail never be given?
Exercise 24. Which of these 5 things about the police did you know?
Five things you never knew about… the police

WILLIAM HARTSTON
1. A team from the London City Police nals could be calmed down by put-
took gold medals for tug-of-war at the ting them in pink cells.
1908 Olympic Games. 4. To avoid sullying the force’s name, Ita-
2. In 2008, the city of Düsseldorf in Ger- ly’s top court ruled in 2008 that mem-
many introduced blue plastic shoes bers of the Carabinieri police must
for its police dogs to protect paws avoid extra-marital affairs.
from broken bottles on the streets. 5. There are more police per head of
3. In 1989, Huddersfield police reported population in Belarus than any other
research showing that violent crimi- country.
Crime 495
1. What was a gang1 stealing?
2. What was stolen?
3. What did police do?
4. What did other members of the gang do?
THE SUN 20.7.2005, p. 19
THIEVES ‘LET GO’ BY COPS
SENIOR police were last night probing claims that cops called
to arrest two thieves gave them a LIFT instead.
By JOHN COLES
The officers were alleged to have driven en them to nearby Shaftesbury and let
the pair to a railway station — rather them catch a train.
than a police station — and sent them Hours later Wiltshire police appealed
on their way. for witnesses after the scale of the thefts
Security staff suspected the men was realised. Valuables worth thousands
might be part of a gang stealing wal- had been rifled from scores of tents.
lets and mobile phones from dozens of Other members of the gang, said to
tents at a music festival. They had been have Manchester accents, melted away
held until police arrived at the Larmer into the crowds.
Tree Festival on the border of Wiltshire Police admitted their officers’ con-
and Dorset. duct was under investigation but refused
The cops were then said to have tak- to admit the suspects had been released.
Exercise 26. Read and translate these clippinds. What struck you about the crimes
described as unusual?
1
gang — банда (ср. рус. гангстер)
496 Unit 54
THE SUN 23.8.2012, p. 20
YOB BITES OFF NOSE
A man had his nose bitten off during The brother was attacked as he
a vicious brawl at a restaurant. confronted the thug in Newington,
The fight erupted after his sister was Kent. A witness said: “They went head-
punched in the face. to-head and the guy bit the tip of the
brother’s nose clean off.”
I WISH I’D HIT MY MUGGER HARDER

GRAN BATTERS THUG WITH STICK
By Tony Brooks
Brave great-grandmother Dorothy Bla- She said: “You have to stand up for
des fought off a mugger with her walk- yourself and I would do the same again.
ing stick — and said she was only sorry You should be entitled to walk down the
she didn’t hit him harder. street without being mugged.
Dorothy, 79, “instinctively clobbered” “I surprised myself when I did it and
the thug over the head when he tried to my only regret now is that I didn’t hit
snatch her handbag on the street. him harder.”
***
John Smith happened to witness a minor holdup. The police arrived, and one officer
asked the witness his name. “John Smith”, said Smith. “Cut the comedy”, snapped the cop.
“What is your real name?” “All right,” said Smith, “put me down as Winston Churchill.”
“That’s more like it,” said the officer. “You can’t fool me with that John Smith stuff.”
Crime 497
***
Judge: You stole eggs from this man’s store. Have you any excuse?
Accused: Yes, I took them by mistake.
Judge: How is that?
Accused: I thought they were fresh.
***
It’s queer that men should take a life of crime when there are so many legal ways to be
dishonest.
***
A candidate for the police force was being examined: “If you were in a police car and
were pursued by a gang of criminals in another car doing 40 miles an hour along a lonely
road, — what would you do?” The candidate replied “50”.
Vocabulary notes
accused — обвиняемый officer — зд.: полицейский (syn. police
Cut the comedy! — Кончай комедию! о., policeman, infml сор)
dishonest — нечестный police force — полиция
to fool smb — дурить кому-л. голову to pursue — преследовать
holdup — грабёж, ограбление to put down — записывать
legal — легальный, законный queer — странно
lonely — зд.: безлюдный to snap — рявкать
minor — мелкий stuff — чепуха, «разговорчики»
more like it — больше похоже на
правду
55
498 Chapter 10 Unit
Terrorism
(2)
Dialogue
A: Ever more terrorist acts are reported by the media. There is a credible terror threat.
B: Terrorists in Britain used to be from the IRA, but nowadays behind them are al-Qaida
and al-Qaida-linked organizations.
A: You mean the 7/7 London tragedy which cost 56 lives.
B: Yes, and the abortive attempt to repeat it on 21/7 2005.
A: Terrorism is not just about killing. Its aim is what its name says — to cause terror.
B: But the paradox is that when after 21/7 police arrested terror suspects, one of them
claimed that his human rights were being violated. The cynicism of it!
A: I think the first human right is the right of the citizen to protection.
B: To protect British citizens, to meet the continued challenge of terrorism, the PM un-
veiled a 12-point plan to beat terror that included deporting preachers of hate, closing
extremist mosques and putting British radicals under house arrest.
A: What precautions are to be taken to avoid getting killed by a terrorist bomb?
B: In London, there are plenty of notices outlining the dos and don’ts.
A: So far I haven’t seen any.
B: There are plenty in underground stations, underground carriages and on piers.
A: I must have overlooked them. What do they say?
B: Most start with a warning ‘Bombs — be alert’. And then they go on to tell people what
to do if they should see anything suspicious.
A: Such as what?
B: Usually an unattended package, bag or briefcase.
A: So what are the dos?
B: These are — never ignore it, keep calm, keep clear, don’t touch it, move away, inform
a member of the staff or police officer immediately, tell other people to leave the area.
A: And who are we to phone in such cases?
B: Dial 999 (Metropolitan police) or ring Anti-Terrorist Branch Hot Line 0800 789 321.
Your call will be strictly confidential. Police will come at once with a bomb-sniffing dog.
And if it is really a bomb, a bomb-disposal team will remove, defuse or detonate it.
A: And what if an innocent person should leave behind their luggage through absent-
mindedness?
B: People are cautioned against that too. Most notices say, ‘Don’t let your package become
a suspect package’, or ‘Don’t make your bag a suspect’, or ‘Make sure you have all your
belongings with you when you leave the train.’
At Heathrow airport you can now hear over the PA announcements like ‘For security
reasons any baggage left unattended will be removed and destroyed.’
Terrorism 499
Vocabulary notes
abortive — неудавшийся, неудачный; (mass) media — средства массовой
ср. аборт информации
alert (а) — начеку; ср. выше: а. — сиг- to meet a challenge — зд.: справиться
нал тревоги mosque [msk] — мечеть
al-Qaida (al-Qaeda) — Аль-Каида to move away — отойти
(мусульманская террористическая to outline — излагать
организация) РА = public address (system) (see Unit 39)
bomb-disposal team — сапёры, обез- package — свёрток, пакет
вреживающие взрывное устройство PM = Prime Minister — премьер-ми-
bomb-sniffing dog — собака, распозна- нистр
ющая взрывчатку preacher — проповедник
branch — отдел, отделение, филиал to protect — защищать
briefcase — портфель protection — защита
to claim — заявлять, утверждать to put smb under house arrest — поме-
clear — зд.: на удалении
стить кого-л. под домашний арест
credible — истинный, настоящий
radical — радикал, экстремист
cynicism — цинизм
right — право
to defuse a bomb — обезвредить
r. to protection — право быть за-
взрывное устройство (syn. to disarm
щищённым
a bomb)
human rights — права человека
to deport — депортировать
to violate smb’s rights — нарушать
to detonate a bomb — подорвать
чьи-л. права
взрывное устройство (syn. to explode/
to set off a bomb) reason — причина
to dial — набирать номер телефона for security reasons — по соображе-
to distinguish — различать ниям безопасности
extremist [kstrimst] — экстре- suspect [sspekt] a; syn. suspicious (ср.
мистский выше) — подозрительный;
hot line — горячая линия s. n — подозрительный человек или
IRA = Irish Republican Army — Ир- предмет; подозреваемый; ср. выше:
ландская Республиканская Армия — to suspect [sspekt] — подозревать
военная организация, которая вела terror — террор, ужас, страх
продолжительную партизанскую to beat t. — победить террор
войну с целью объединения Северной to cause t. — сеять страх, наводить
Ирландии (Ольстера) с Ирландской ужас
Республикой (см. также книгу третью, through absent-mindedness — по рас-
Ireland) сеянности
to link — связывать; ср. выше: l. — звено to unveil a plan — обнародовать план
500 Unit 55
es and sentences:
победить террор; право гражданина на защиту; раньше бывали из ИРА; за ними
стоят организации, связанные с «Аль-Каидой»; трагедия, которая унесла 56 жиз-
ней; обнародовал план из 12 пунктов; первейшее право человека; неудавшаяся по-
пытка; терроризм — это не только убийства; парадокс состоит в том, что; его цель
заключена в его названии; по соображениям безопасности; депортация проповед-
ников ненависти; объявления по радио; помещение британских экстремистов под
домашний арест; Какой цинизм!; ни в чём не повинный человек; Пока я ни одного
не видел; Должно быть, я их не заметил; «горячая линия»; Будьте начеку; по рас-
сеянности; Сохраняйте спокойствие; Не трогайте его; Что в них говорится?; Как,
например, что?; Не подходите близко; Немедленно сообщите сотруднику; СМИ
сообщают о всё большем числе терактов; Их множество на станциях метро; остав-
ленный без присмотра; сеять страх; Ваш звонок будет строго конфиденциальным;
А кому нам звонить в таких случаях?; Против этого население предостерегают
тоже; отойдите подальше; Не допускайте того, чтобы ваш пакет сочли подозри-
тельным; А далее в них говорится о том, что необходимо делать при обнаружении
чего-либо подозрительного; Какие меры предосторожности следует принимать,
чтобы не погибнуть от бомбы террориста?; объявления, в которых говорится
о том, что нужно и чего нельзя делать.
1) Who are we to phone ... such cases? 2) People are cautioned ... that. 3) to avoid getting
killed ... a terrorist bomb. 4) Ever more terrorist acts are reported ... the media. 5) What
if an innocent person should leave ... their luggage ...absent-mindedness? 6) Terrorists
... Britain used to be ... the IRA. 7) There are plenty ... notices ... underground stations,
underground carriages and ... piers. 8) The cynicism ... it! 9) They go ... to tell people what
to do. 10) The first human right is the right ... the citizen ... protection. 11) Most start ...
a warning. 12) ... security reasons. 13) You can hear ... the PA announcements.
1. What organizations are behind terrorists in Britain nowadays?
2. What is the aim of terrorism?
3. What is the first human right?
4. Where can notices outlining precautions be seen?
5. What do most notices start with?
6. What suspicious objects1 are people cautioned against?
7. What are people supposed to do if they see such an object?
8. Who are people supposed to call in such cases?
9. What should people do to avoid a false2 alarm?
Exercise 4. Shorten these questions as in example b:
1
object — предмет
2
false [fls] — ложный
Terrorism 501
а) What would you do if some guy fell in love1 with her?

b) What if some guy fell in love with her?
1. What would have happened if you’d brought home some friend?
2. What would he do if she should be out of England?
3. What would you have said if I’d wanted to be a doctor?
4. What would have happened if she was not as I remembered her?
5. What would the police do if an innocent person should leave behind their luggage
through absent-mindedness?
Exercise 5. Replace these declarative sentences with questions as in example b:

a) He won’t take it
b) What if he won’t take it?
1. I’m awake and hear him.
2. He’s right.
3. There was something in it.
4. There were days when he was ‘not quite so well.’
necessary).
THE GUARDIAN 8.7.2005, p. 10
ATTACK ON LONDON
Responsibility Group linked to al-Qaida cites UK’s Iraq actions
A GROUP of terrorists, affiliated or in- The statement, which also threat-

spired by al-Qaida, carried out the se- ened attacks in Italy and Denmark, was
ries of coordinated bomb attacks in published on a website popular with
London, intelligence officials and inde- Islamist militants, according to Elaph,
pendent analysts said yesterday. a secular Arabic-language news website.
A group calling itself the Secret Or- The authenticity of the message
ganisation of the al-Qaida Jihad in Eu- could not be immediately confirmed.
rope posted a claim of responsibility for The group al-Qaida in Europe claimed
the attacks, saying they were in retali- responsibility for the bombs that killed
ation for Britain’s involvement in Iraq 191 people on commuter trains in Ma-
and Afghanistan. drid in March last year.
1
to fall in love with smb — влюбляться в кого-л.
502 Unit 55

1. What is the name of the group that carried out the bomb attacks in London?
2. Where else did their statement threaten attacks?
3. What was the reason for the attacks?
4. Where else were attacks carried out?
ROYAL MESSAGE TO STAFF AT THE ROYAL LONDON HOSPITAL
“Yesterday’s bombings in London have Finally I want to express my admira-

deeply affected us all. tion for the people of our capital city
I know I speak for everyone in ex- who in the aftermath of yesterday’s
pressing my sympathy to those who bombings are calmly determined to re-
have been caught up in these events sume their normal lives.
and, above all, to the relatives and That is the answer to this outrage.
friends of those who have lost their Sadly we in Britain have been all too famil-
lives. iar with acts of terror and members of my
My thoughts are also with the in- generation, especially at this end of Lon-
jured, some of whom I have been able don, know that we have been here before.
to see and talk to today. But those who perpetrate these
I also want to thank you and all the brutal acts against innocent people
members of the emergency services should know that they will not change
and Transport for London who are our way of life.
working with such care, professional- Atrocities such as these simply rein-
ism and sensitivity, often in very dif- force our sense of community, our hu-
ficult conditions. You have the respect manity and our trust in the rule of law.
of us all as you go about your business. That is the clear message from us all.”

1. What hospital did Her Majesty visit?
2. Who did she express sympathy1 to?
3. Who did she thank?
4. Who did she express her admiration2 to?
5. What will the results of terrorist attacks be?
1
sympathy — сочувствие
2
admiration — восхищение
Terrorism 503
THE SUN 22.7.2005, p. 1
4 SUICIDE BOMBERS ON LOOSE

Manhunt after London blitz No 2
Miracle as explosives fail
FOUR failed suicide bombers were on and one aboard a bus — echoing the
the run last night after the second ter- July 7 outrage which killed 56 peo-
ror attack in a fortnight on London’s ple.
public transport. But incredibly NO ONE was injured
Passengers fled in panic after yesterday as the devices misfired.
three attempted blasts on the Tube
Answer the following questions:

1. How many suicide bombers took part in the second terror attack?
2. How many blasts1 were there?
3. Were there any casualties?
THE SUN 27.7.2005, p. 8
GLOVES OFF
BRITAIN is fighting al-Qaeda with one every turn to be put on the back bur-
arm tied behind its back. ner.
In times of war, normal rules don’t Tony Blair wants to cage suspects
apply. for up to 90 days without trial. Good.
The bombers of 7/7 and 21/7 don’t He wants new laws, including the
live by any rules, or even the warped banning of extremist clerics, to destroy
moral code the IRA used to justify its the evil at its roots. Good.
murders. But he’ll get nowhere if Britain’s
We can’t stoop to the terrorists’ judges back the suspects’ rights over
level, of course. But it IS time for the our right to defend our country by
human rights laws which weaken us at whatever means.
1
blast; syn. explosion — взрыв
504 Unit 55

1. What does the author suggest should be done with human rights laws?
2. Why?
3. What points of the PM’s plan does he approve of1?
4. What does he criticize Britain’s judges for?
THE SUN 23.7.2005, p. 9
CLAIM TO 21/7 TERROR
TERROR group Abu Hafs al-Masri Bri- was also one of three to have said it was
gades yesterday claimed responsibility behind 7/7.
for the failed bomb attacks. It warned of more explosions unless
The al-Qaeda-linked organisation foreign forces left Iraq.
Another set of questions for you:

1. Who claimed responsibility2 for the failed3 bomb attacks?
2. How many al-Qaeda-linked organizations were behind 7/7?
3. What is the terrorists’ demand?
THE SUN 5.8.2005, p. 6
WASTED WORDS
AL-QAEDA have a lot in common with transport every day, just as they defi-
the Nazis. antly did yesterday, exactly four weeks
Neither could beat us by force — so after the first attack.
they tried propaganda. Our Government needs to do more
Yes, on 7/7 they achieved one luna- to minimise the risks. And they can
tic aim: to kill innocent people. start by getting back to work.
That doesn’t take much doing on But al-Qaeda need to know this —
a packed Tube train. they won’t break our spirit with their
But their wider goal, to cause panic infantile sabre-rattling.
and fear, has failed. One day they will have to admit de-
Millions still use London’s public feat. Just like the Nazis.
1
to approve of smth — одобрять что-л.; ср. выше, ant.: to disapprove of smth
2
to claim responsibility for smth — брать на себя ответственность за что-л.
3
failed; syn. abortive — неудавшийся
Terrorism 505

1. What does al-Qaeda have in common with1 the Nazis?
2. What did Bin Laden’s disciples2 achieve on 7/7?
3. What goal3 of theirs has failed?
4. What is Londoners’ spirit4?
TERROR TO RETURN
HOME Secretary Charles Clarke and The Home Secretary has the pow-
Scotland Yard chief Sir Ian Blair yes- er to deport fanatics whose pres-
terday warned Britain faces the risk of ence is “not conducive to the public
more terror attacks. good”. But yesterday he sidestepped
Mr Clarke said the risk from terrorists questions about the government’s
“sleeper cells” has not been eliminated failure to use that power in the past
after receiving a top secret progress re- few years against well-known extre-
port on the police investigation into the mists.
July 7 and 21 bombings in London. The government is close to clinch-
Sir Ian added: “The fact that there ing an agreement with Algeria allowing
have been two attacks makes it more the UK to deport fanatics.
rather than less likely there will be fur- But yesterday a UK court heard
ther attacks, that is the logic of all this.” a terror suspect wanted in Spain is re-
Mr Clarke pledged to step up efforts sisting extradition, claiming he might
to deport radical clerics who preach ha- face ill-treatment and possible tor-
tred against the West. ture.
Four more questions to answer:

1. What warning came from the Home Secretary5 and the Scotland Yard chief6?
2. What makes further attacks more likely?
3. What practical steps were taken to prevent them?
4. On what grounds was a terror suspect resisting extradition7?
1
have in common with smb — иметь что-л. общее с кем-л.
2
disciple [dsapl] — ученик, последователь
3
goal [l] — цель
4
spirit — моральный дух, настрой
5
Home Secretary — министр внутренних дел
6
Scotland Yard chief — начальник лондонской полиции
7
extradition — экстрадиция (высылка из страны преступника или подозреваемого)
Key to exercises
Unit 1
Exercise 3
1. It certainly is. 2. We certainly do. 3, 4. You certainly can.
Unit 6
Exercise 4
1. As for me, I’m done with it. 2. As for me, I shall go home. 3. As for the others, they
receive from ten per cent to forty per cent less. 4. As for the 5 o’clock tea, it is sometimes
replaced in some parts of Britain with ‘high tea’. 5. As for Irene, the town regarded her as
just another Cooper’s Mills girl who had gone away for a few years. 6. As for what I said
to you tonight, I said it for your own good.
Unit 7
Exercise 16
1. shopaholic, shopping addict, 2. workaholic, 3. chocaholic, chocoholic, 4. cheesoholic,
5. spendaholic, spendthrift, 6. pubaholic, 7. footballaholic, football fan, golfaholic, golf
fan, 8. computerholic, 9. bookaholic, bookworm, 10. chargeaholic.
Unit 8
Exercise 4
1. … marriages do fail. 2. You really do love me? 3. I do send you … . 4. Everyone of
them did make … . 5. I never did like … . 6. … I did and do love her. 7. Mistakes do
happen …
Unit 12
Exercise 4
1. So am I. 2. So is he. 3. So do chemists. 4. So did I. 5. So does he. 6. So do chemists.
Unit 14
Exercise 5
1) a long-nosed man; 2) a kind-hearted woman; 3) a cruel-hearted person; 4) a long-
legged boy; 5) a blue-eyed child; 6) a black-haired girl.
Key to exercises
Key 507
Unit 26
Exercise 9
1—20, 2—13, 3—7, 4—4, 5—24, 6—18, 7—2, 8—21, 9—26, 10—11, 11—39, 12—40,
13—10, 14—3, 15—5, 16—25, 17—19, 18—17, 19—12, 20—22, 21—12, 22—25, 23—14,
24—24, 25—23, 26—15, 27—16, 28—16, 29—16, 30—9, 31—27, 32—36, 33—33, 34—
35, 35—28, 36—37, 37—38, 38—30, 39—31, 40—41, 41—32, 42—29, 43—6, 44—34
Unit 27
Exercise 8
1—10, 2—13, 3—10, 4—9, 5—32, 6—35, 7—18, 8—1, 9—20, 10—28, 11—7, 12—26,
13—4, 14—32, 15—32, 16—5, 17—2, 18—7, 19—3, 20—9, 21—17, 22—8, 23—18, 24—
3, 25—30, 26—6, 27—21, 28—14, 29—23, 30—22, 31—22, 32—33, 33—34, 34—29, 35—
24, 36—16, 37—16, 38—25, 39—27, 40—19, 41—15, 42—31, 43—12, 44—36
Unit 28
Exercise 4
1. I do. 2. He did. 3. They do. 4. He does.
Unit 29
Exercise 7
1—13, 2—18, 3—12, 4—21, 5—8, 6—11, 7—29, 8—28, 9—6, 10—3, 11—16, 12—15,
13—5, 14—4, 15—20, 16—10, 17—19, 18—9, 19—2, 20—14, 21—24, 22—31, 23—26,
24—22, 25—30, 26—25, 27—1, 28—17, 29—7, 30—23, 31—32, 32—27, 33—34, 34—33,
35—36, 36—35.
Unit 31
Exercise 6
1 — B, 2 — A, 3 — A, 4 — C, 5 — B, 6 — C
Unit 39
Exercise 4
a) 1—16, 2—11, 3—36, 4—29, 5—34, 6—1, 7—22, 8—25, 9—38, 10—35, 11—30, 12—
10, 13—20, 14—6, 15—19, 16—24, 17—28, 18—37, 19—17, 20—33, 21—32, 22—31,
23—26, 24—18, 25—27, 26—21, 27—5, 28—4, 29—23, 30—2, 31—12, 32—14, 33—
13, 34—15, 35—8, 36—3, 37—9, 38—7
b) 39—74, 40—64, 41—50, 42—67, 43—55, 44—60, 45—65, 46—40, 47—39, 48—41,
49—42, 50—62, 51—75, 52—43, 53—58, 54—49, 55—44, 56—48, 57—54, 58—45,
59—63, 60—53, 61—51, 62—46, 63—78, 64—57, 65—47, 66—59, 67—56, 68—61,
69—52, 70—76, 71—72, 72—73, 73—71, 74—70, 75—77, 76—66, 77—69, 78—68
508 Key to exercises
Exercise 5
1—15; 2—1; 3—13; 4—25; 5—18; 6—5; 7—3; 8—7; 9—8; 10—10; 11—11; 12—9; 13—14;
14—4; 15—6; 16—20; 17—2; 18—24; 19—16; 20—19; 21—22; 22—23; 23—12; 24—21;
25—17.
Unit 40
Exercise 3
1. How long does disembarkation take? 2. The crossing will take 55 minutes. 3. Hover-
speed will take you to France in just 35 minutes. 4. The boarding procedure normally
takes only 10 minutes. 5. You are taking your car with you. 6. Why not take your car
across the Channel?
Unit 50
Exercise 4
I. 1. But they are. 2. I have. 3. Normally I can’t. 4. Yes, let’s check. 5. No, you aren’t. 6. For-
tunately not. 7. Not yet. 8. It should be. 9. Some of them are. 10. They are not. 11. And
did you? 12. And do they?
II. 13. I did. 14. They do. 15. He did.
Exercise 5
1. There certainly is. 2. There certainly are. 3, 4. We certainly do.
Unit 52
Exercise 4
1. I had to. 2. I would like to. 3. I did not mean to.
Exercise 5
1—3, 2—1, 3—5, 4—4, 5—2.
Unit 53
Exercise 5
1—10, 2—23, 3—20, 4—3, 5—5, 6—13, 7—21, 8—4, 9—11, 10—12, 11—2, 12—1, 13—
15, 14—7, 15—8, 16—16, 17—17, 18—9, 19—18, 20—19, 21—6, 22—22, 23—14.
Unit 54
Exercise 4
1—7, 2—10, 3—1, 4—9, 5—2, 6—8, 7—3, 8—4, 9—6, 10—5.
Exercise 5
1—10, 2—1, 3—9, 4—11, 5—2, 6—5, 7—3, 8—4, 9—8, 10—7, 11—6.
510 Библиография
17. Oxford dictionary of education. — Oxford: Oxford university press, 2009.

18. Oxford dictionary of English. — Oxford: Oxford university press, 2003.
19. Oxford guide to British and American culture for learners of English. — Oxford: Ox-
ford university press, 2005.
20. The Oxford guide to English usage. — L., N.–Y., Sydney, Toronto: BCA, 1995.
21. Patridge E. A dictionary of slang and unconventional English. — L.; Melbourne; Henlеy:
Routledge, Kegan, 1984.
22. Rees N. Brewer’s quotations. A phrase and fable dictionary. — L.: Cassell, 1994.
Дополнительная литература
1. Best jokes for all occasions. — N.–Y., 1952.
2. Forever funny. — N.–Y., 1956.
3. Funny stories and jokes. — Perm, 1963.
4. Jokes, gags and wisecracks. — N.–Y., 1947.
5. Laugh. — Leningrad, 1978.
6. Murray K. Ken Murray’s giant joke book. — N.–Y., 1954.
7. Prochnov H.V. The speaker’s treasury of stories for all occasions. — Englewood Cliffs,
New Jersey, 1961.
8. The public speaker’s source book. — N.–Y., 1994

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1. Renting a at (At Residential Lettings) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

32. Car rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

KEY TO EXERCISES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506

Exercise 2. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and adverbs.

Exercise 5. Read this polylogue3 (use a dictionary where necessary).

Now answer these questions:

“TURNING THE TIDE ON RESIDENTIAL LETTINGS”

DAILY EXPRESS 29.8.2011, p. 25

IT’S A CASE OF LOCATION, LOCATION, EDUCATION

WARREN & WILLIS

2 Bed modern 2nd floor flat, spacious lounge/din-

2 Bed Modern Gallery 1st floor flat. Opposite golf

Exercise 9. Read, translate and memorise this joke. Tell it to a comrade.

Exercise 3. In the dialogue above, find counterparts1 of these phrases.

Exercise 4. Answer these questions:

ROYAL LODGE HOTEL

Privately run1 hotel, friendly atmosphere. 2 single: 4 twin: 9 double: 2

Large bird garden at rear. Open all year.

Centrally heated6 throughout. Baby sitting service available.

Now answer these questions:

King George Hotel

Dear PROFESSOR VEIKHMAN

Assuring you of our personal attention at all times.

Now answer these questions:

LOS ANGELES TIMES 1.1. 2006, p. 10

Extra fees? He will gladly say, ‘No way’

CAR REGISTRATION NO.

PLEASE COULD YOU TELL US HOW YOU HEARD ABOUT US?

Now answer these questions:

А: What if I need to be woken at a certain time?

DAILY EXPRESS 23.6.2006, p. 17

Have I left anything in hotel? Oh, the baby...

Now answer these questions:

TELEGRAPH TRAVEL 23.7.2011, p. 17

And the worst hotel you’ve stayed in?

B: How about fish tea? Did you ever have that?

Exercise 2. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and an adverb.

Exercise 5. Answer the following questions:

BLACKFIELD GUEST HOUSE

Please indicate your choice by ticking the boxes:

It would help our plans tremendously4 if you could complete this

DAILY EXPRESS 16.7.2011, p.31

Full English fry-up is world’s top breakfast

Man: Waiter, I’d like some tea without milk.

DAILY MAIL 20.6.2008, p.35

The strawberry farm where

Now answer these questions:

DAILY EXPRESS 28.6.2011, p. 47

Five things you never knew about… strawberries

1. The strawberry is a ‘false fruit’. 4. There are over 30 varieties of Brit-

Exercise 2. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and adverbs.

Exercise 4. The second receipt looks very much like

from WATCHING THE ENGLISH

Exercise 2. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and adverbs.

Exercise 3. Answer these questions:

Exercise 4. Rewrite these sentences as in b.

1. I’m done with it.

Exercise 5. Read and memorise this joke. Tell it to a comrade.

Now answer these questions:

from WATCHING THE ENGLISH

DAILY EXPRESS 13.8.2009, p. 19

Diner pays his bill, 13 years late

1. Renting a at (At Residential Lettings) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12