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X-Tutorial
© Cormac Shaw 2003. This tutorial may be reproduced in whole or in part on a freely accessible website
provided the original author is acknowledged. It may not be incorporated in any commercial product without
the prior written permission of the author.
Introduction
A Flight Management System is a modern automated flight planning and navigation instrument
that is found on most modern airliners, military aircraft, corporate jets and a good number of
helicopters and general aviation aircraft. The 'system' actually consists of several components,
one of which is the screen/keypad terminal or display/input unit (terminology varies from source to
source) that is usually situated, on airliners, on the forward-most section of the central pedestal.
Airliners will also often have two or even three such units. In X-Plane, it is this display/input unit
that is called the 'FMS'.
There are two variants of the FMS available in PlaneMaker, the 'FMS' and the 'FMS Small' - both
have the same functionality and general layout, the only difference is the amount of space they
occupy on screen. Make sure that you choose a plane that has an FMS installed on its cockpit
panel, most of the 'stock' aircraft that come with v6.xx do not as they were designed before the
instrument was made available in v6.14. At the moment, the instrument in the simulator is much
less sophisticated than its real world counterpart, reproducing only a few functions of the real
thing but using it can seem complicated to new X-Plane users nonetheless. The guide the follows
is intended to show you how to enter a flight plan from one airport to another with several en
route 'waypoints' (Waypoints are specific locations along your flight plan, the journey between two
waypoints is known as a 'plan segment') at specified altitudes and how to get the plane to
automatically fly that route. An example route from Dublin, Ireland to London Heathrow, UK is
used to illustrate it.
Entering a flight plan
To follow the example, open an airliner with a FMS and locate it at Dublin, EIDW.
At the start of your flight, the FMS screen will display "Plan Segment 00" on the first line and
"???" on the second, where each waypoints type and code will be displayed (1). While your
airport of departure, before you move anywhere, click the INIT button (2) on the FMS's keypad to
initiate a flight plan. You will see the top of the display
change from "Plan Segment 00" to "Plan Segment 01" as
the FMS has entered the airport you are currently at as the
initial waypoint (00) and moved the flight plan on to the
next entry for you to enter it.
Note: In versions of X-Plane prior to v6.70, the segment
numbering is slightly different and if you press the PREV button
at this point to change the view to "Plan Segment 01" and you
will see the first waypoint listed as " EIDW / Dublin / Fly at -----ft".
Click NEXT to return to the blank "Plan Segment 02".
Ok, so now the FMS knows where you are, you can tell it
where you'll be going today. Generally speaking, there are
four repeating steps to enter the second and subsequent
waypoints in a flight plan:
• First click the appropriate FMS keypad button for the type of waypoint - AIRP for an
airport, NDB for a non-directional beacon, VOR for a VHF Omni-directional Range
transmitter, FIX for one of the thousands of pre-programmed, named and charted
fixes/waypoints or LAT LON to enter a specific location by latitude/longitude that can't be
determined by any of the other types (3). In our example flight plan, the first entry is for a
non-directional beacon so click on the NDB button.
• When you have selected the waypoint type, the "???" entry on the second line of the
FMS display will be replaced by a type code and a cursor will appear to its right. Type in
the identifier code for the waypoint using the FMS's on-screen keypad, not your
keyboard. An airport code will be 2-4 characters long. An NDB or VOR code will have 2-3
characters and a fix will have 5 characters. Note that naviaid and fix codes may be
duplicated worldwide. In X-Plane, the FMS when you enter a code that occurs more than
once in the sim's database (the nav.dat and fix.dat files), it will assume that you want the
navaid or fix which is closest to the previous waypoint - this works well in most scenarios.
Entering a latitude and longitude requires a few more keytaps, five characters each and
you must use leading zeros where appropriate. Use the +/- button (4) on the FMS's
keypad to get westerly/southerly latitudes/longitudes. When you have entered a valid
code for an airport or navaid, it's name will appear on the third line immediately below the
code. In our example flight plan, the first waypoints code is "OE" so type 'O-E' on the
FMS keypad.
• After entering the code, you need to enter a target altitude at which you will fly towards
the waypoint. To do this move to the fourth line of the waypoint's details by clicking on the
fourth button down at the side of the screen (5). Then type in the required altitude - note
that you must always type in five digits so if you want to fly at an altitude below 10,000 ft,
you must enter leading zeros. In our example flight plan, the first waypoint is on the
departure and so relatively low at 3,000ft. Type '0-3-0-0-0' on the FMS keypad.
• Press NEXT to move to the next waypoint to enter its details in the same manner. See
the table at the end of this page to get all the waypoints for our example flight plan.
To delete any waypoint, move to it by using the NEXT or PREV button (6)and then click on the
CLR button (7).
For the last waypoint, your destination, you will presumably enter an airport code such as "EGLL,
London Heathrow" in our example. Note that if you enter the airport's height above sea level for
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this waypoint or even "00000ft", you are likely to fly into the ground before you get there! If you
know that the penultimate waypoint is on the decent to or relatively near, i.e., within 80 miles, to
your destination airport, then its best to enter either a pattern/approach altitude for the final
waypoint (the airport). If the last leg is going to be fairly long, then enter an appropriate cruise
altitude. Or, as in our example, the flight plan entered includes the STAR in detail and the last leg
is essentially the final approach, you can enter an altitude which is the airport altitude plus your
minimum safe altitude AGL for the approach.
Okay, now the FMS knows where we are, where we want to go and the route to follow. Its time to
start up the engines...
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unless you want to change the speed or rate-of-
climb/descent settings on the autopilot.
If for some reason, the FMS fails to switch to the next
waypoint automatically, you can force it to step forward
by using the NEXT button to display the desired
waypoint and then the "->." button to activate it. You can
also use this technique to skip waypoints if you so wish.
Note that in v6.70 of X-Plane, the simulator does not
anticipate changes in course as well as it did in earlier
versions and, having reached one waypoint it may
'overcook' the turn and take sometime to get on the right
course to the next waypoint. Hopefully this will improve
again in v7.xx. Tight turns (>45 degrees) will always
cause the plane to stray some way from the point-to-
point red line on the EFIS Moving Map (13).
As you approach your destination you will want to
decouple the autopilot from the FMS by deactivating or
changing the mode on the autopilot. Exactly when to do
this depends on the precision of your entered flight plan
and how you intend to land the plane. If you are
intending an ILS approach or any other published
approach which utilises navaids then you should have
your flight plan bring you to a point, usually about 10-30
miles out where you can intercept the navaid signals. If you are going to use X-Plane's ATC to
guide you in, you may want to disengage the FMS somewhat earlier. If you will be using a visual
approach then you can enter a flight plan that will bring you to within sight of the airfield on the
runway heading at an appropriate decent rate (14).
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Seg Type Code Name Target Alt Notes
00 INIT EIDW Dublin n/a Initial Waypoint
01 NDB OE Dublin NDB 3,000 SID "LIFFY2A", climb
rate 2,500-3,000ft/min,
02 VOR DUB Dublin VOR-DME 8,000 IAS 245kt below
03 NDB RSH Rush NDB 12,000 10,000ft, 270kt above
10,000ft
04 FIX LIFFY LIFFY 19,000
05 FIX GINIS GINIS 31,000 Upper air route UL675,
climb rate 1,000-
06 FIX NATKO NATKO 31,000 1,500ft/min, IAS
07 FIX LYNAS LYNAS 31,000 290kt/Mach 0.78
MAP 1
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MAP 2